technical english 3 wb

Describing the evacuation of aircraft Describing how a life raft works Discussing the future of space exploration will for predictions 9 2.2 Solid shapes Process description of injection

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~ 1"

Describing the evacuation of aircraft

Describing how a life raft works

Discussing the future of space exploration

will for predictions

9 2.2 Solid shapes

Process description of injection moulding

Process description of rotational moulding

Present simple passive

10 2.3 Hollow shapes

Process description of vacuum moulding

Process verbs

Phrases to refer to a visual

Present simple active and passive

12 Review Unit A

Unit 3 Events

14 3.1 Conditions

Discussing news features

Discussing space exploration

Explaining procedures for take-off and ejection

First conditional

Second conditional

15 3.2 Sequence (1)

Discussing the mechanics of the LAS

Describing the sequence for the space shuttle

launch and re-entry

Linkers

Time clauses

16 3.3 Sequence (2)

Describing process of ejection from aircraft

Semi-technical lexis (verbs)

Discussion markers

Modifying superla es p a genera a J

9.3 Sites

Describing the appearance of buildings

Describing floor plans shapes and detajs Complex not;n phrases

25 5.2 Instructions Description of drum brakes and handbrake Advisory checklist for motori ts

Active and passive modals

26 5.3 Rules Air traffic incident Giving instructions Present participle and unless Unit 6 Planning

28 6.1 Schedules

Climate change and en rgy sources

Questioning about environmental change Agreeing and disagreeing

Future rnodaJs

29 6.2 Causes Cause and effect

due to oWlll9 to as a resu -0' ouns express ng a

Causal suffixes: SOl

Reporting verbs Reporting statements

35 7.2lncidents Product review of a metal detector

Reporting incidents Noun combinations Past continuous

36 7.3 Progress Describing the process of iris scanning Phrasal verbs

Unit 8 Projects

38 8.1 Spar

Describing a marine terminal

Discussing progress and past events Present perfect and past simple passive

39 8.2 Platform Describing a construction project

Providing statistics Method and purpose: by (means of) to

40 8.3 Drilling Describing the drilling procedure

Describing stages of a horizontal drilling project Process verbs

Unit 10 Disasters

48 10.1 Speculation Speculating about causes Present perfect modals: usf fr'ay I ca:le might have

49 10.2 Investigation Investigation interview ThIrd condTbonru

should have

50 10.3 Reports

Sections in lire investigation report

must should - e oer'ec:"':-~ e

Speciiying the ma:Erials of ~

a sa:es proposal a cient ::4a-ge:;"'~ _~:: e _ :ss-;: ::r:::c€-es

Description of a saiboc.rd

Explanation of aerodynami:s

Describing si arities and rE" " ,.,,,,,bettt-eeo

vehides Range of forms 'or e.c' _ ~; s~ a-j and d"erence

60 12.3 Priorities

Discussing marXetDJ !*IDs for a reN ~

Discussing autOfTlOtive sysrems Supe a ,\les

62 Review Unit F

64 Audioscript

70 Answer key

3

Systems

1 Rescue

1 Ma t ch the word s and phrases 1-8 with the definitions a-h

1 ~ flar es a) a series of radio waves that are sent in an emergenc y

2 _ emergency b) a small rubber boat used by people from a sinking ship beacon

c ) to lift someone or something with a wire and a lifting

4 _ satellite d) th e organisation that help s boats in danger

5 _ emergency e) a machine that i s sent into space and orbits the earth signal

0 a d e vice th a t s ends a signal in an emergency

6 _ winch (v)

g ) to fill something flexible with air so that it become s

7 _ coastguar d l ar ge r

8 _life raft h ) e mergen cy devi c es that produce a bright flame

2 Use the words an d phr as e s 1- 8 in 1 to complete this new s stor y

[1) Three men were rescued from a s in k ing f is ing boat in t h e G u lf of M e co today The

32-foot - long boat was equipp e d wi th an (1) emergency beacon that helped

rescuers locate the vessel in the ea r l y -morn in g da rkn es s, a M e x ican Coastguard •

spokesperson said The fishermen said t h y w e r e a s leep o n the boat when a w a v e hit ;"

their vessel Th e y c ould not s e nd a radio m e ssag e or m a ke a c e phone call •

( emerg e ncy position indi ca ting radio beacon; this s e nds a s ig n al that is pic k ed up by a

[3 A hel i copter was despatched to th e area As it approached, on e of th e f i shermen set

he li copter crew saw it

them to the coastguard station, where t he y w ere g iv en hot d ri n ks an d d ry clothes

3 Explain what th e w ord s in bold in 2 refe r to

2 the vesse l ( p ara 1 )

in the specification chart

Operating frequency 375 kil ohertz / 3 5 kil o ertz

Maximum operating depth 14 , 00 0 fee t 40,000 f ee t

Frequency of transmission of signal once e v e ry 30 seco n ds / n ce pe r second

Duration of signal 13 da y s / 3 0 da y s

Method of transporting FDR if it has been in water i n a co nt a in e r of ic e / w a t e r

2 Complete the description o hO\ an FOR 's loc at o r b eacon \ orks se the correct form

of one of the words in ea c h p air f or each ga p

activate/deactivate attach/detach manually / automati cal ly rece i veltransmit release/fasten sink/float winch up / lower

The circular memory units wi th the fli ght data are tored in a large rigid cylinder that

is (1) fa s tened onto the base of the f DR The fDR is usually mounted in the tail

is a submergence sensor on the side o f th e FO R · beacon \ nen water touches the

(5) signals under water and abo ve g round Because or the , eigh of the FOR, it does not (6) on the surface o the water but comes 0 res on the

seabed Nter a diver has located the FOR on the s eab e d it· C) _ _ _ _ _

and transported to the computer lab for anal y sis

3 Join these pairs of sentences into single sentences se who U:hich u ere from u:here

to replace the words in italics

Example: I TWA Flight 800, which crashed

1 A serious air disaster oc c urred with TWA Flight 800 It c r ashed into the

in 1996

2 The accident was caused b y a build-up of fuel v apour s i n a fuel tank It exploded

3 Twelve minutes after take-off , the last radio tran s mi ssio n was recefi·ed at 80s OIL

Here the weather was fine

4 The explosion was seen b y another pilot He was fl ying i n the area at the time

5 The other pilot landed at Boston airport From here h e contacted the air crash investigators

6 An air and sea rescue was conducted in the area This lies off the coast of

New York State

7 The FOR was recovered a week later b y divers They \ er e guided to it by an

1 Place your life vest over the head ~

2 the straps around the waist _

3 Do not the life vest while still in the aircraft _

4 high heels and sharp objects _ AITER CRASH-LANDING

6 that there is no fire outside the emergency exit _

7 down the red door lever, and the door outwards _

8 When the slide is inflated , jump onto it and down _

2 &.jW Usten to a demonstration of a life raft and underline the correct details

1 Capacity : 4 1 11 2 people

2 Inflation: automatic 1 manual

3 Storage : in vinyl bag 1 in rigid container

4 Stab ility: can 1 cannot turn upside down

5 Stab ility: can 1 cannot right itself

3 jW Usten again and complete the notes about the life raft

1 Construction: inff ated canopy (to keep out the water); _ _ _ _ _ floor and canopy (to keep the occupants warm); water- lights on canopy;

s stem for collecting _ _ _ _ _

2 Inflation: inflation triggered _ _ _ _ _ buoyancy chambers inflated, to make the of the raft; inflation forces the carrying bag ; inflation time: _ _ _ _ _

3 Stabilisation: chambers fill with water; upper chamber fills through

_ _ _ _ _ valve, which water in, but not out

4 Survival: people in Hfe rafts have survived hurricane conditions without capsizing

(\ aves of > metres, winds of > kph) If capsizing occurs hle raft self- immediately

~

;

ADVERBS

automa tically manually

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

out of range

1 Underline the one word which makes a compound noun with each word in bold

1 satellite beacon signal wav elength

2 low-altitude centre orbit statio n

3 radio data power frequenc

4 operating range length pov er

5 air-sea range beacon rescue

6 safety device antenna centre

7 rescue beacon team signal

2 Complete this paragraph, using the compound nouns in the box

rescue centre ground station national centre emergency beacon rescue team radio signal satellite signals

When the (1) emergency beacon switches itself on a signal is sent to one or more satellites A (2) is then transmitted ba ck to Earth 0 the

and converted into useful data This data is then passed on to a (5) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The information about the location is forwarded to the neares t (6) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , where a (7) is sent out to look for the crashed hip or plane

3 Label the pictures with nouns from the Word list

antenna

-2 the industry that designs and builds

planes and space vehicles

3 a plastic composite (2 words)

4 the main part or body of a plane

;) a plane or other vehicle that can fly

6 the material that is the topic of this unit

ertical w ord: to make

8 a written document on a particular

subject

lOa structure built over a river, road or

rail track

11 a skilled person who designs , builds

or maintains machines, engines, railways, etc

2 Re w rite these sentences to give the same meaning, using the words in brackets

Example: I The government will definitely cancel the manned space exploration

g) a hollow container in two halves used to shape a material

the correct order Complete the text , using the active or passive fonn of the \ ' erb in

brackets One gap can be filled with the active or passive of the verb

(1) uses (use) heat and rotation (along two axes) to produce hollow

and comes away from the sides of the mould This makes it easier to take out the

cool enough to handle

heater D pellets D thermoplastic sheet D

3 Listen again How does the speaker describe the four stages of the process? Write the

names of the stages for each illustration Label the parts a-d with the things that you ticked in 2

4 Listen to the talk again and complete the notes

.~

;

blow moulding injection moulding metal-rolling pressure-d i e cas ting NOUNS

fi breg lass fuselage ADJECTIVES molten protective specified unspecified PHRASE under pressure

R ewrite these sentences in the pass iv e Re pl a ce the activ e verbs in italics with the passive form of technical verbs fro m the W o r d lisL

Example: 1 The pol y mer pellets are tran sferred from the hopper to the cylinder

Extrusion moulding

1 We move the polymer pellets from the hopper to the qiinder

2 An electric motor turns the scre w in the extrusion moulder

3 The co ld polymer pellets mo v e along the cylinder

4 Heaters warm th e polymer pellets and tum th e m into a liquid

5 The warm , soft molten polymer mo v es along th e cylinder

6 The machine pushes the molten polymer out into a m ould

Blow moulding

7 We shut th e two halves of the mould with the molten po lym e r inside

8 Compressed air blows up the molten polymer in the mould an d makes it bigger

9 The plastic bottle shape gets colder

10 The machine pushes out the plastic bottle from the open moul d

2 & · 9 Listen to and repeat the verbs and nouns in columns 1 an d 2 o f the ~ord lisL

Underline the main stress on the words of more than one sy ll a l e

Examples: closure, compress

3 Label the pictures with nouns from 1

h pper

11

Section 1

1 Complete this report of a plane crash Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, and fill in each of the other gaps with one word

00 JuJy L.5th 2000 a Concorde airc raft (I) crashed ( crash ) near Paris (2) _ _ : It " was travelling on a flight to

"ew York Emergency crew ( 3 ) _ _ _ _ _ (race) to the area (4) the crash happened to deal with the fire and search for suni\·OfS

TIle Coocorde ( ) down in flames just before 16.45 local time Four hours after the accident , two Flight

Dara Recorders were found at the ite of the crash (6) were taken to a laboratory for examination The official

· dent repon C ) was published in 2004, blamed the accident on a piece of metal, (8) _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ ( fall ) from another plane just before the Concorde (10) ( take) off

TIle supersoni airliner (1 1) ( hit ) this piece of metal and one of (12) tyres (13) _ _ _ _ _

As a resuJt piece of rubber (14) ( fly ) up and damaged a fuel tank The fuel from the tank then

1 - _ _ _ _ _ ( ignite causing the fue and consequent crash

2 Read some facts and figures about the Hubble Space Telescope Match the inform ation 1-12 with a-I

avoid capture complete convert discover receive study transmit

E ,e 97 m i nut es , the Hubbl e S pace Te l escope ( 1 ) completes an orbit of the Earth As it travels, i ts mirror

2 li g ht and directs i t int o i ts scientific instruments Because the Earth's atmosphere partly blocks and

-:o ;s ligh , sc i e nt ists (3) these problems by placing their most advanced telescope 569 km above the := a ' s s rface, i n a satelli t e

~E ~ ,'est i ru m e nt on th e sate ll ite W i de F i eld Camera 3, ( 4 ) the formation of individual stars and

_ _ _ _ _ n w, e xtr eme ly distant stars

~-=, ,.~ ,." ~ ~Of th e t e lescope (6) from the ground station in the USA via a data relay satellite These signals

_ _ _ _ _ by an ennas on the Hubb l e and ( 8 ) into signals that point the telescope in the required

aaiva -e e i nstrum e ts Data goes from Hubble via the data relay satellite to the ground station

A I ~~ "

.~

1

1 Which of these processes do the sentences below describe ? Write the process letters

A-O next to the sentences

B

1 _ The metal plate is first heated

2 _ The object, e g plastic bottle , coo ls and is then ejected from the mould

3 ~ The warm softened polymer is mo ved along the cylinder b a rotating sere\'\"

4 _ The molten metal is forced into the cavity between the 1\<\10 hal es of the mould

5 _ Compressed air is blown into the molten polymer and inflates it

6 _ The mould opens and the hard solid plastic object is ejec ted

7 _ After the metal cools , the mould is opened and the metal component i ejected

8 _ The metal sheet comes out from the rollers and is then cooled

9 _ The molten polymer expands to fit the mould which ma be in the shape of

a bottle

10 - The molten metal is pushed along the chamber under pressure by the injection

piston

11 _ The metal plate is then pu shed between the rollers which compress il

12 _ The molten polymer is pushed b y the ram through the nozzle into the mould,

and becomes hard

2 Write the three steps for each proces s in 1 in the correct order

3 Find the words in the puzzle and write them next to the definitions bela \ '

7 to throw something out of a mould or machine

13

l-l

1 Conditions

1 Complete these dialogues using the present perfect or past simple of the verbs in brackets

I A: You can't fly into the military airport They (1) have closed (close) it

A : Yes Two fighters (3) (collide) on the runway in the fog last night

fire in the Indian Ocean

this morning

3 E : How's the exploration going? (7) (you / discover) any oil ye t ?

F: (1 0) (we / drill) three so far and now we're drilling the fourth

2 Complete this article about space exploration Use the second conditional of the verbs

in brackets

Are manned space mi ion to Mars a real po ss ibility ?

At the moment , the don ' t eem likely and naturally

we ( ) woul d on ly u d ertake (only I undertake)

mi i ons if we ( 2 ) ( can / be) s ure of

ge uin g the astronauts to Mar and back safely But

C) ( the go emment / want ) to provide

mo ne f or the research if it ( 4 ) ( not /

kn m ) w hat the chance of success might be ? And

C ) ( i t choo e ) to spe nd millions

on manned ion to Mars even if there

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ (be ) plenty of money a v ailable ?

no chance of a rescue mi ss ion if a di sas ter

(10) (str ike) the crew while they were on

( be ) s ucc essf ul

3 Write questions and answers to explain the procedure for take-off from an aircraft carrier Use the first conditional

I Bad wea ther - what happens? Pilot cancels take-off

Wh at w ill h appen i f the weather is bad? The pilot will cancel the take-off

2 Launching device fails to function - what happens ? Jet fighter remains on flight deck

3 Jet engine fails after take-off - pilot does what? Pilot activates ejection system

4 Pilot ejects after take-off - what happens? Parachute opens automatically

5 Pilot lands in sea after ejection - what happens? Helicopter winches pilot to safety

,

2 Sequence (1)

1 Read the text about the launch abort s y stem in 6 Se cti on 2 of th e Cours e B ook,

page 23, and answer these questions

1 Up to what altitude does the LAS operate ?

2 In what situation is the LAS acti v ated ?

3 How is the LAS separated from th e ro ck et ?

4 How is the LAS controlled after it s epar a t es fro m th e ro cke t ?

5 With what kind of fIXings is the cre w c psule atta c hed to th e LAS ?

6 What must happen in order to thru s t the c r ew ca p s ul e awa y from the LAS ?

7 What is the purpose of the para c hutes of th e c re w ca p sule ?

8 At what stage are the parachut e s deplo y ed ?

2 Underline the correct linkers for describing the laun c h of th e space shuttle

(1) Now / Once the astronauts are in

the space capsule, the access gantry is

disengaged and swings away from the top

of the rocket (2) Then / When the fuel tank

is filled with a mixture of liquid hydrogen

and liquid oxygen (3) Afterwards / When the

countdown approaches zero , the ignition

sequence is started (4) Then / As soon as

the rocket burners are ignited, the explosive

bolts that hold the rocket in place on the

launch pad are detonated and the rocket

begins to lift off (5) After / While ascending

very s l o wly for the fir st t e n seco nd s, t h e rocket acce l e r a t es ( 6 Ho w e er / A ft e r t h e three sol i d booste r roc k ets h v e burnt o ut , they are j ett i soned P ar a ch u te s are dep l o ed

to s l o w the ir f a ll a d th e y a r e r ec o v e red from the ocean a n d u sed aga i n

(7) Then / Howe er t h e e xt e rn al fu e l ta nk ,

wh i ch burns out l ate r , i s no t r eco v e r ed for reuse I t burns up as i t f a ll s t h ro u gh th e Earth ' s atmosphere ( 8 No w / Wh e n th e spacecraft i s s t ab il i sed a nd o ri e nt ed by

thrusters , and sent i nto orb it

3 Describe the re-entry of the space s huttle , s in g the wo rd (s) i n b r ackets

Example: 1 After giving the order for r e - e try , th e pil o t fir es th e thrusters and turns the

shuttle tail first

pilot gives order for re-entr y ~ fires thrusters + turn s the sh u ttle tail first

(After giving)

2 shuttle reaches upper atmosphere ~ p i lot fire s thru s ter s again + turns the s h uttle

nose first (Once)

3 shuttle enters upper atmosphere ~ hot gases surrounding th e s hu ttle cause ra dio

blackout (When)

4 fully re-enters Earth's atmosphere ~ shuttle able to fl y like an ai r craft

(As soon as)

5 picks up radio beacon at end of run w a y ~ pilot take s o er co n trol from the

onboard computers (After)

6 pilot lands ~ deplo y s parachute from r e ar to s l o w the s huttl e (After )

7 shuttle lands ~ crew follo w s procedure to s hut d own th e s h uttle ( Once )

8 crew leaves shuttle ~ ground c r ew beg i n se rvi ci n g it (As soon as)

] 5

16

1 Replace the more general ve rbs in italics with the ' correct form of the more technical

verbs in the box deploy detonate e j ect jettison orient propel restrain stabilise

Ships are s t eadied in rough seas b y horizont al unde rwater bars ~ are

stab ili sed

2 A skydiver falls freely through the sky before opening a parachute ~ _ _ _ _ _

3 Sailors and p ilots can find their position b y looking at the s tars ~ _ _ _ _ _ themselves

-2 &jttiJ Listen to a talk about ejec tor seats and number these events in the co rrect order

a The pilot lands 0 b) The pilot tries to control the aircraft OJ

c ) The drogue steadies the pilot's seat 0 d) The canopy over the cockpit is

jetti soned 0

e) The system ejects the pilot in his seat O

f) The pilot ' s main parachute opens 0

g) The pilot pulls the ejection handle 0

h) The pilot separates from his seat 0

3 Listen agai n and c omplete these notes , y underlining the correct a lt ernative or filling in

the gaps

Pilot st ay s in sea t L i

burnout touch down

ADJECTIVES

explosive medical professional world-class

ADVERB

automatically

NOUNS

abort engine attitude-control engine

crew capsule ejection system jet fighter jettison engine launch abort system (LAS) oil rig

1 Complete these definitions with compound nouns from the ord lisL

is to extract crude oil from the groun d,

2 A is a type of military aircraft that attacks enemy aircrafl

3 The is the part of a spacecraft in ""tuch the ere, ' ua\ ' eL

detaches itself if the rocket fail s to launch successfull ,

c rew capsu l e, away from the failed rocket

capsule) and point it in the right dire ction

from the LAS,

an emergenc y

2 Check and write the past simple form s of these verbs from the unit

18

1 Read the blog and complete the profile

My nam e ' s Martha Ba ri and I liv e i n Ottawa , Ca nada I ' m Italian and I 'v e lived in Ottawa fo r

se v e n year s I carne to Ott a wa to study at the un iv ers ity In m y fourth y ear, got my Masters in

B i o-medical Eng in ee rin g, after doing a d e re e i n Me c ha nic al Engineering for three years

I l ove my work I speak French as well as I a li an , w h ich is u s eful i n Canada Right now , I ' m

workin g for a b i o-medical company in Ott a wa call e d R o botico I ' m a Research & Development

Technician and I'm deve l op in g new devices for a rtificial arms and legs My ambition is to

becom e th e Head of R&D , but don ' t tell my boss th at !

By the w a y, are any other graduates from my univ ersi ty out t here ( Uni v ersit y of Ottawa , 2004 - 2008,

particu l arly anyone from the Department of Mecha n ic al Enginee r in g)? Please post a message

8 Skills and compe ten c e s

2 C omplete the s e b l og s with the verb s in brackets , us i ng t h e p rese nt s impl e , r ese nt

co ntinuous , or goin g to future There ma y be more than one p os sibl e answer

I

The company ( 2 ( specialise) i n ro bot ic s I n or mall y ( 3 (spend)

( 6 (h a v e a short holiday, probably some wh e r e in t he sun ! (7 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _

( no h v e any furth e career plans at pres e nt

2

W e ( 5 ( start ) our first series of t rials i n two m on ths' time , so there's a lot of l ast-m i nute

work I already ( 6 (h ave) a B achelor o f S ci ences degr e e in Biochemist ry, an d I

(7) ( s t art ) a Masters course n xt a utum n

Career "

,

2 Inventor

1 C ompl e t e the d escription of a line-thrower, using the words in the box

barrel bullet dev i ce h and-he l d pu l se recoil ( x2 ) ro ug hly

A pneumatic line-thrower is a (1) device used fo r

throwing a long line, either between a pair of boats , r from a boa t

to the shore It is also used for rescue purposes It is a

length, and uses compressed air as a propellant

The standard pneumatic line - thrower consists of a reservo i r of

propels the projectile, which may be shaped like a ball or a

causes a (7) in the opposi t e d i rection t o the

line of f i re : the bigger the device, the greater the

follows the projectile when it is f i red

2 W ri te qu es tion s a bout the MoorLi n e 230

MoorLine 230

3 Line breaking strength 2000 N (newto n s )

20

1 " - D Read part of a CV and then listen to an interview Complete the missing

JuniorTechnician

a rn e and address of e m p l oyer Horton Engineering, Cleveland

Machining, finishing and some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

a rn e a n d add r ess of employer Farley Marine, Long Creek

Marine engineering: manufacture of engines and pumps

and Albany College of Engineering , Albany

2 " j!ij Wri te the que s tion s from the interview, using the prompts Then listen again

I whic h / job / interested Which job are yo u i nterested in?

2 long / wor k / there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

8 wh y / leave / Horton Engineering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2011 three weeks yesterday seven years a week last week January six months 8 o ' c l ock Monday a month two hours 20 minutes

12th May five days lunchtime a long time

for: three weeks ,

smce:~2~OJ~J~, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

recoil

robotics software spacer

target tissue

VERBS

insert

modify power ADVERB roughly

accurate external genetic high-pressure ina ccura te interpersonal minimum

optimum organ isati onal pharmaceut ical

previous social standard

ambition apprentice appren ti cesh ip benefit bonus competence

in stitution

ro l e technician NOUNS (qualifications) Bachelor of Sc iences certificate

degree

d i p l oma Masters

1 Comp l ete this description of a gene gun , using the correct form of words from the

Word list

A (1) machine gun is a wea pon that fires (2) do wn a

the thrust of the weapon in the opposite direction to the line of fire

(15) gene gun worked much better It had a narrower barrel and

fired the DNA with greater (16) _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 KiU Write the words in the box in the correct column Then listen and check

ambition apprentice apprenticeship benefit cert ificate competence

diploma engineering institution interpersonal previous technician

1 st syllable stressed 2nd syllable stressed 3rd syllable stressed

ambition

21

If everyth i ng goes well , th e aircraft h as e nou gh lift to get g ) One final deta il : as s oo n as t h e plane str i kes the flight deck,

a i rbo rn e Ho w ever , i f ther e i s a misha p the p il ot can act iv ate the pil ot i ncreases t h e engine thrust to full power As a result,

th e e j e ct o r seat to exit the cockp i t before th e plane crashes if the plane does not engage one of the arresti n g w i re s , it will

Aft e r th i s th e p l a e i s pu ll ed off the lan ding strip and fastened the flight deck

sec ur e l y with m eta l cha i ns h) For th i s reaso n it has a tail hook , whic h i s an extende d h ook

A th i s stage , th e p l ane does not move , because the shuttle attached to the tail When approaching t h e fl ig ht de c , th e

r estra in ed b y a ho l dback bar F i nally , the catapu l t officer pi l ot must engage th e t ai l hoo k w it h on e of f o ur arresting

r e l eases th e h l dback s stem and the cat apults propel th e w ir e These are s te el cables th at are s t ret c hed across the

fight e r p l a e f orwa r ds At the end of the catapult run, the to w w i dt h of the flight deck

b r is r e l eased a ut oma ti ca lly, a ll ow i ng th e plane to rise into i) To get airborne f r om an aircraft carrier , a jet fighter ne ed s e xt r a

th e a i r a ay from th e fli g t deck acceleration This is provided by catapults , which are fixe d

Th e cata pu lts co n i st o f a sma ll s huttl e which i s attached into the flight deck

o two p i sto n These p i stons are i n ide tw o parallel cylinders j) If eve r yt h ing g o es perfectly, the pil o t is guided along the

th a t run b e l o th e fli ght deck Wh e n preparing for flight , the correct descent path by coloured lights o n t he aircraft

tow bar o n th e pl a e ' s n ose gear i s a ttached to the shuttle carrier He also visually lines up the runway centre line

To com e to a stop on a short flight deck , an aircr aft must painted on the flight deck, and the vertical drop line painted

dece l era t e v ry q ui c kly on the ship's stern below the end of t h e flight deck When he

e e n d 0 th e co u ntdown , th e catapult o ffic e opens the touches down , the tail hook engages with one of th e arrest i ng

va es , wh i c h fill th e catapu l t c yli nders with hi g h-pr essure wires connected to a hydraulic cy li n er T he hydraulic system

stea m Thi s steam w ill provide sufficient pressure to propel the s l ows the p la n e and brings it to a standstill w i thin 100 metres

shuttl e f o rw a r ds At th e same time , the p i lot i ncreas es the j et

e ngin es t o maximum thru s

2 U se the w ords printed in bold in 1 to label the diagrams

B : True , but I think Enrico would pick up the job (5) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fast)

than Manuel He asked lots of good questions and showed

A: Let's look at th eir relative work experience Enrico (7) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (work) in his first company (8) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ three ears

B: But Manuel (11) (be) out of work

candidate?

B: Yes , he showed more ambition Anywa y, let' s look at their qualifications A: Enrico did a four-year apprenticeship, (21) !l anue lonly

did three years I wonder why

B : Enrico has a degree in Mechanical Engineering, (22) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

their documentation ?

the end of the course and didn't take the final exams

the y're non-existent!

23

24

helpline umber the problems in the order in which yo u hear them

1 blABS stop driving and seek immediate assistance / consult main dealer c) fuel empty contam in ated fuel from tank / fill up with fuel

d) tyres check tyre sensors / deflate tyre / inflate tyre e) doors check all doors are shut / check electrical contact / replace warning bulb

2 Li s ten again and underline the remedial action required for the problems in 1

3 jfJ Complete the questions and answers from 1 Then listen again and check

1 ' Ho w is the car handling ? Do y ou need to take any co rr ective ac ti o n

w hen y ou brake ?'

' Ye s When I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , I have to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is the warning light and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1'

' It ' s in the middle of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and it's

' There 's a when I turn on the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4 U U nderline the most suitable discussion markers in this co n versa tion about

sa fe ty de vi ces Then listen and check

A I sent y ou a proposal about a new in-car warning system that would warn drivers when the y get too close to the vehicle in front (1) An y way / For examp l e thi s could

be a ta c tile or audible warning

B ( 2 ) In o ther words / B y the wa y, you ' re suggesting a beep or something that makes the steering wheel vibrate

C (3) I don ' t think so / agree with that I think we ' re on the right li nes here

(4) Alternati v el y / B y the wa y, talking of lines, I was l ate today because of a pile-up

in the fog I think a lorr y had gone off the road and

A Ye s, y es (5) B y the wa y / An y way , you're here now, so let's ge t back to the subject

( 6 In other words / Alternative l y, we could have a vis ual warn ing sign, (7) or / for instance one that was flashed o nt o th e inside of the driver ' s windscreen

B ( 8 ) I don ' t think that ' s a good idea / You have a point There are too many flashing lights alread y when you ' re driving

A Well , what about a system based on different sensors , to monitor things l ike the distance from the vehicle in front , y our speed , the road conditions and the externa l

t e mperature ? Then we ' re combining different factors

C (9) I d o ' t think that ' s a good idea / That sounds good (10) So / Or , an audible or

ta c tile w arning s y stem related to different factors

.~

2 Instructions

1 Complete the descriptions of drum brakes and a hand brake using the labels in the

diagrams One label is used twice

Shoes

(2) , which is flxed to an (3) _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Rear drum brakes

(4) are riveted to the outer faces of each shoe When the brake

pedal is depressed, this increases the hydraulic pressure in the (5) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that runs from the master cylinder This forces the two (6) into

contact with a rotating (7) , which is fixed to the \I heel hub b the

wheel nuts The inner surface of the drum is ground smooth so that the shoe linings

can rub against it

A handbrake must be fitted to every car This holds the vehicle stationaT) while it i left

unattended It can also function as an emergenc y brake if there is a failure of the main

braking system Normally , the hand brake operates on the (8) and

is linked to them via a (9) The hand brake mechanism is operated

b y a (10) , which is held in the ' on ' position b y a ratchet and

pawl mechanism

2 Write sentences for a car manual using the checklist below U se should need to and

don ' t have to with the verbs in the box , and the active or passi e as approp riat e orne

verbs are u sed more than once

adjust change check refill replace top up

Examples: 1 The oil and the filter need to be changed

4 You need to check the screen wash s stem

Nue5Sary oil and fil t er change; radiator -

anti-freeLe; wind5creen replacement (i f badli cracKed) Qf going to a wunir1 where peop l e d r'

7- p." good idea air bag replacement after ten ie ar5 different 5ide of the road)

? Not nue55arl wind5creen replacement Qf in 'j p." good ide a : oil level; res (preS5Ure I tread

headlights, indi(.ators) (" Not nUe5f>art (wnh improve<! tuhno lO9't):

battefi chuK ; radiator top - up

26

1 Read this news story about a near miss and label the diagram with the names of the two aircraft

Air traffic control procedures have been changed

after a near miss by two aircraft at a nlllitary

airfield last June

The incident im-oh-ed a H awk trainingj e t and a twi

n-engine turboprop Reims - Ce na aircraft The H aw k was

about to land ,, -hen the Ce na

fle,,- across the runwa\ - at a

\-e~-Iow a1tirude Th e air

rraffic conaoller in the conao l

tower had giyen the pilot of th e

C a permission to f h ' norrh

-norrn-east low O\'er the airfield

shonly before the incident

The air rraffic controlle r

was dealin \\i.th a high

\\ 'o rlJoad at the time, and was

co ntrOllin the mO\-emems of

fi\-e different aircraft on four

different radio frequencie

2

A r e port b y the Civil Aviation Authority concl ud ed that the co ntroll e r was unable to handl e thi s l arge workload ,

thus e ndangering aircraft in the area There h a d also been

a breakdovm in the monitorin g of fli g ht l evels aro und th e

airfield , and of radio communications

in the sa m e area , th e report

a dd ed Neith e r pilot had tim e

to tak e evasive actio n and a collision was avoided b y pure luc k At their close s t di sta nc e,

th e two aircraft were about

1 50 metres apart Staffing rotas for air traffic contro ller s at the airfield ha ve now been modified to ensure

that this does not happen agai n

2 Are these statements about the t ex t in I true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false ones

I Air traffic control procedures at the airfield are likel y to be modified in future

2 The turboprop aircraft had permission to cross the airfield at low altitude :t

3 The danger of a collision was caused by poor communications alone

4 The air traffic controller intervened to warn the pilots about other aircraft

5 ew staffing rotas are likel y to endanger aircraft at the airfield in future

3 Rewrite these instructions to give a similar meaning, u s ing the words in brackets Do not use the words in italics

Example: I Pilots who are unfamiliar with the layout of this airport must order a

' Follow-Me ' car before the y have landed

ARRIVALS

Pilots who are unfamiliar with the la yo ut of this airport should not order a '

Follow-Me ' car after they land (must / before)

2 You should onl y ask for priority landing if yo u have mechanical problems, a medical emergency or are dangerousl y short of fuel (not / unless)

3 Do not order mobility buggies and wheelchairs before yo u have landed (only / after)

4 Pilots should only sh ut down the engines when the ground staff have indicated that the aircraft is correctly positioned at the gate (must not / until)

reservoir sensor steering wheel torque windscreen

accelerate counter-steer cruise depart drift overtake

NOUNS

altitude collision flight level heading helicopter high-visibility clothing image incident maintenance naked flame softness vibration

devise drain endanger ensure evacuate grind intervene maintain modify monitor process regain scrape squeal

1 Label this diagram with words and phrases from the Word list

ADVERBS

int en tionally unintentionally

28 PI"llIlill~

1 Schedules

1 & jij Listen to part of an i nterview about climate change and energy sources

Complete the table

Predictions and targets Change in ° C or % By date Carbon emissions to cause rise i n global temperatu r es a) +~ o C b) alrea dy

(75 % possibility) c) + _ _ _ o C d) by 2060 (50 % possibility) e) + _ _ _ o C f ) b y _ -

Percentage of energy output from non-carbon-based k) _ _ _ % I)by _ _ fuels

European targets: reduce carbon em i ssions m)by _ _ _ % n) by 202 0

will that reduce could we avoid will push up you think in the long term

your views could happen

D o you th i nk that carbon emissions global temperatures ?

1 A : I think we shoul d restrict all travel that uses carbon -ba sed fuels, including flyin g

S : I don ' t agree with you at all I just can' t go _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that

2 A: There are cost and environmental benefits in switching to electrically po we r e d

vehicles

S You ha v e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ there I'm h ap p y

3 A : CCS is surel y the way forward , both in the short t e rm a nd medium term

4 A : Can we agree that we can achieve a 10 percent reduction in carbon-based fuels

next year ?

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ me

1 Rewrite each sentence to give a similar meaning , making the following changes

• replace because with the phrase in brackets Example: because ~ owing to

• replace the verbs in italics with related nouns Example: reacts ~ reaction

• replace the adverbs in italics with adjectives Example : completely ~ complete

Example: I Phosphorus (used in the manufacture of detergents ) is stored in water

owing to the reaction of phosphorus with air

I Phosphorus (used in the manufacture of detergent s) is stored in water because

phosphorus reacts with air (owing to)

2 The reaction happens because calcium carbonate is added together with water to the gas (due to)

3 The gas is purified because polluting particles are completely removed from the gas

b y the collection plates (as a result of)

4 Emis sions from power plant s are lower with clean coal technology because the

coal is totall y purified before it is burnt (as a result of)

5 Port in s t a llation costs are high because the L G is liquefied at a temperature of

- 1 ,620 Ce lsiu s before it is loaded onboard (owing to)

6 Greater cro p yields are ensured because the growing sheds are automatically

7 The emergency rescue teams had problems because the olcanic ash rapidly

solidified after cooling ( caused by)

8 The coal used in the power plant is a fine dust because it is pulverised in the coal

mill nearby (due to)

2 Complete this crossword with words from Section 2 of the Cour e Book pages J -

1 very small pieces of matter

2 a common element (S) found in carbon based fuels

-3 a piece of metal that cau es parti cles to become negati el charged

4 a general word for substances u ed in or obtained b y chemistry

5 containing salt

6 to remove or separate sulphur from

something

7 a l ayer of rock that can hold water

8 an _ dust precipitator i a type of du t

II to form ions , or make them form

Ver ti ca l word: these remove sma ll particulates from flue gas

12 substances in another sub tance that make it of poor quality

13 the process of converting into a gas

Pldnllln~

g) Thank yo u all for co min g

I ' d like to co nclud e by showing An y questions?

this slide

h) Now I'd like to h a nd over to Ed, who will

ow let's look at transmission look into the que s tion of district heatin g pipelines

i) Next, l et's look a t diff eren t fi e ld types

Thanks , Ed Now let's l ook at

j) L et's start with the under gro und rock la yer s

generating electricity

ow I'd like to move on to the

power plant

Phrase Presentation notes

f geothermal power in Iceland: electricity generation , space heating, etc

hot rock layers from a volcanic system; fissures join together to create an underground reservoir; becomes an aquifer of hot water, extracted through production wells

low-temperature fields: yield water at below 150 ° C for space heating

high-temperature fields: yield water at above 200 ° C for electricity generation and heating cold water for space heating

13 production wells at Nesjavellir , in operation since 1972, to supply the capital Reykjavik: thermal product i on for space heating, with generation

of electricity

show slide: transmission pipel i ne Distance from Nesjavellir to Reykjavik: ;

27 km Pipeline diameter : 90 cm Water temperature: 96 ° C Temperature loss iii

first stage of the process: central separation station: steam is piped through

mo i sture separators to steam heat exchangers inside the building

steam from the production wells can't be used for space heating; problem of mineral-rich saline solution which blocks pipes Instead, heat exchangers are used to heat cold water, which i s then distributed

power plant capacity: 120 MW of electrical power (started production 1990)

show PP slide: Statistics: Iceland ' s energy requirements

geothermal energy : 24 5 % hydro-electric: 75.4 % fossil fuels: 0.1 %

geothermal energy : provides heating and hot water for 87% of buildings

invite audience to ask questions

2 Answer these questions , using the notes in 1

Example: I Because hot water can be extrac t ed from the underground reservoirs

1 Why is Iceland s u ch a good lo cation for geothermal energy?

2 Where does Reykjavik get some of it s geothermal energy from?

3 How does the hot wate get from Nesjave llir to Reykjavik?

4 Wh y isn ' t steam from the extraction wells used directly for space heating ?

5 How does Iceland get most of its energy requirements?

condense consume convert desulphurise emit gasify humidify ionise liquefy

purify recover

(CC S )

clean coal technology

volcanic

VERBS

finalise

obtain scan

1 Match 1-8 with a-h to describe causes and effects

1 .!L Electrostatic precipitators remove a) the desulphurisation of the

3 _ Methane can be recovered b) from underground coalfields

4 _ Pressure from the CO2 c) by the collection plates

5 _ A chemical reaction results in d) in underground saline aquifers

6 _ Polluting particles are attracted e) small particles from flue gas

7 _ The collection plates get t) the magnet attracts them

8 _ The iron filin gs move because g) forces the oil to rise to the surface

h) a negative electric charge from the

electrodes

2 Complete the sen tence s with the correct form of energy verbs from the Word list

1 To stop power plants emitt i ng harmful gases , the y should be

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ to CCS

2 To make coal cleaner , you can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it into small particles and

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it before burning

3 After going through the separator , the steam _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and is then

returned to the reservoir

low temperature

3 KiD Listen to and repeat the verbs in column 3 of the Word list and the compound

nouns in column 4

Planning 31

32 II

Section 1

1 Match each language function 1- 9 wi th one example in column 2 (a-i) and another in

co lumn 3 U - r)

Function Examples (a-i) Examples (i-r)

1 agree ~ - !i a) in other words, j) I can't go along with that

b) Alternatively , k) That sounds good

c) I think we should use I) that is,

3 approve of an idea

d) I agree with that m) Anyway,

- - e) I don ' t think that's a n) Why don't we have a ?

4 change the subject

5 give another possibility g) But to return to the for a moment ,

staff / not / enter / building (A)

2 doors / lock / night (P)

3 fork-lift trucks / not / drive / this part / wareho u se (P)

4 wor kers / not / eat / drink / this area (A)

5 al l visitors / report / reception (A)

6 pedestrians / not / walk / red zone (A)

7 machine guards / use / all times (P)

8 ear protection / wear / whe n / machiner y / operation (P)

Section 2

1 Complete the sentences for a presentation about incineration ,

using prepositions

1 The aim ~ my talk this morning is to explain _ _ _ incineration

2 First _ _ _ all, let's discuss the problem of waste

3 Now I'd like to move the main elements of the incinerator

4 So now I'm going to talk yo u _ the process of modem incineration

S Now I'd like to hand _ _ _ _ Jan

6 Jan will look _ _ the question of pollution

7 Thanks , Jan Finall y, I ' d like to co nclude _ _ showing this slide

8 Thank you all _ _ coming Any questions ?

2 Read this email enquiry Write a repl y, using the presentation notes below to help you

answer the questions

H i Karl,

It was great to meet up with you at the conference l as t weekend I'm int eres ed in

what you were saying about incineration as a way of dealing with wa ste I have so m e

questions for you Please could you email me some brief answers ?

1 Why is waste such a big prob l em?

2 What benefits does incineration br i ng?

3 Aren 't people worried about pollution from inci nerators?

4 What does the process of i nc i nerat i on involv e?

't 5 Wh y do you say that it's an advantage to site i nc in erators in cit i es?

Bullent

Presentation notes

Incineration converts waste materia l s -7 bottom ash , flue gases , part i culates and heat Heat

used for space heating and/or electricity generat i on

Waste is bulky; incineration reduces mass of waste by 80-85%

Show slide: moving grate incinerator Continuous process : waste enters at one end ; as h leaves at the other end Heat transformed into steam -7 drives the turb i ne Flue gases are

cooled -7 pass through the flue gas cleaning system

Bottom ash from the incinerator - non-hazardous People worried about pollution from

incinerators Improved emission control: pollutants in the flue gas reduced by particle filtration, using electrostatic precipitators Heavy metals , e.g mercury , l ead , chrom i um ,

removed by acid gas scrubbers

Show slide: Incinerator in city centre Emiss i on control better in modem in c in erators

Convenient for reception of waste, and for output of space heating and electricity Can increase electricity generation in summer or space heating in winter

Hi Bullent ,

Many thanks for your email ask i ng about i ncinerators I'll try to answer

RE'\ I E'\\ 33

34

1 Statements

1 U nderline the correct phrases There may be more than one possible answer

I I said the official / to the official / (NO WORD) that I had a metal plate in my hip

2 He told me / to me / (N O WORD) the airport had put in new security procedures

3 I informed the clerk / to the clerk / (NO WORD) that I had packed my case myself

4 She reported me / to me / (NO WORD) that there had been a security breach

5 She explained him / to him / (NO WORD) that the X-ray machine didn't harm laptops

6 She promised him / to him / (N O WORD) she would phone as soon as she arrived

7 He confirmed me / to me / (NO WORD) that he had orders to carry out a manual

search

8 He assured them / to them / (NO WORD) that there would be a full investigation

2 C omplete the table below with the reporting v erbs in the box

say tell inf onn r eport explain promise confinn assure

2 verb + to + object OR with out ob j ec t

3 verb + object OR with o ut object

3 Write w hat the security inspector actually said , using direct speech

Example: 1 ' The airport has introduced a new scanning system '

1'

1 The security inspector reported that the airport had introduced a new scanning syste{il

2 He said the device was able to produce X-ray images of plaster casts

3 He confirmed that it wou ld be installed at all airports in the following six months

4 He informed us that criminals had been able to transport knives inside plaster casts

5 The security inspec tor told his assistant to conceal a knife inside the demonstration

cast

6 He said the body part being examined was placed next to the device, not in it

7 He explained that the device uses a new sys tem called ' backscatter imaging '

8 He assured us that backscatter imaging cou ld be used safely on all passengers

9 He told us that the first group of operators was already undergoing training

10 He ordered us to read the user manual before the following day

~

2 Incidents

1 Match the wor ds and phrases i n the box with their definitions 1-8

audio circuit coil detection zone direct current magnetic field pulse-induction technology reflected pulse resistor

a horizontal space in whic h objec t s can be dete c ted _ _ : d :.:.:: ete : ::.::.= cti ·o : : n : w ::.::.: :.= e _ _

2

3

an area around an object that has magnetic po wer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

a short electrical c urrent caused b y the collapse of the magnetic field in the coil

4

5

6

7

a flow of electricity that mo ves i n one direction only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

a wire arranged in a continuous spiral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

an electrical circuit which creates an a udib le sound _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

a wire or object that stops or slows down the flow of electric current through it

8 a system whic h uses a co il or co il s as both transmitter and recei ve r

2 Read the product re view in 2 , Section 2 of the Course B ook , page 54 Are these

statements true (T) or false (F) ? Correc t th e false ones

1 The metal dete c tor can operate at a distance of 65 m from the passenger s body

2 The displa y screen shows where a metal object is located on the operator

3 The WfMD is based upon eight linked coils of wire , arranged horizont ally

4 An electrical current i s sent through each of the eight coils in pulses

5 The presence of a metal object creates a magnetic field around it

6 A reflected pulse disappear s faster after a metal object is detected

7 A metal obje c t is pre sent on a passenger if a reflected pulse last:> longer than

1 As / While the pilot was preparing to land , a mobile signal interfered v.ith the radio

2 The plane was fl yi n g while / when the mobile phone was seeking the nearest ground station

3 The pilot approached the runway w hile / as the mobile phone was cau ing interference

4 While / When the plane was waiting on the runwa y, a warning signal sounded

5 Another plane w as taking off when / as the stick - s h aker signal in the cock.-pit tarted

to operate

6 When / While the Boeing 737 was fl yi ng , a passenger was using his mob ile phone

4 Use these notes to make sentences simi l ar to those in 3

Example: I While the passenger s were checking in , the ground crew was refuelling

the Airbus

is cancelled

leave their aircraft

1 Listen to a dialogue about iris scanning Number the topics in the order in

whic h yo u hear them

E

fl ex i b l e

F O

VM

2 jl:) Put the words in the co rrect order to make sentences from the dialogue Then

listen agai n and check y our answers

3 what system we that abou t that other about s poke ?

5 yo u see w hat I mean yes

S mor e on me go tell

8 y ou catc h after I'll weekend with the up

3 Comple t e this t ext , using the wo rd s and phrases in the bo x

8 and 35 cm activated converted scanning digital iris identity PIN numbers security door video camera technology database

I i s recogn i t i on technol ogy prov i des accurate identity security without (1) _ .: P.:,:IN : : :n=u: :.m,:.:b -=.: r s = _

passwords or cards V er ifi cat i on t a es l ess than two seconds Although the term ' iris scanning' is

common l y used , ther e i s no ( 2 ) , in fact The methodology is based on

( 3 ) For r eg istration, the person i s positioned between (4) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from th e auto-focus camera Then a ( 5 ) video is taken of the i ris I ndividual images are taken from th e vi deo The patterns of the iris are (6) into a 512-byte digital temp l ate Th i s i s stor ed in a (7) and i s accessed by the Identification Control Unit

When a person approaches a Remot e Opt i cal Unit (ROU) , it is (8) by proximity sensors The ROU us es the same video and image capture technology to compare the present-t im e

i mage wi th the ( 9 ) stored at the time of registration As soon as the iris is matched ,

a d i rect s i gna l i s sent to open a (10) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , or otherwise confirm the person ' s identity

-,

fingerprint investigation jaw

official

password pin number procedure ridge

security source surgeon surgery

valley

hand-held

innocent

manual non-conductive VERBS

affect

beep

conv ict detect discharge disguise scan

baggage X-ray

machine

capacitive scann in g CCTV camera detec ti on zone

fingerprint

scann ing hand-held metal

detector (HHMD ) iris scann i ng

op tical scanning

pulse- in ductio n

remote d i sp l ay unit voice recog niti o n walk-through metal detector (WTMD)

1 Complete the descriptions of these diagrams vvith the \'Yord s in italics in COh _ llTlfl 1 of the

Word list One word is used twice

capacitor 1

thinner dielectric = increased capacitance

capacitor 2

capaCitor Th is diagram shows a ( 6 )

A (1) consists of two

A switch disconnects (2)

the battery from the (7) It made of metal, separated by a

connects it to the ( 8 ) The

2 & tJlij Listen to and repeat the highlighted nouns in column I nderline the syllable

with the main stress in each word

2 Look at the GANTT c h art for a fi re detec ti o n an d s uppre ss ion proj ec t t a new m a rin e

t e rm i n al Write short di a l ogues , si n g a l read y , go , y e an d n o ye t It i s now th e end o

th e third week of Fe b r u ry

Ex ampl e:

1 A: Have the foundatiom; for the pumping 5tation been laid yet?

A: What; about; the pump5? Have they been in5talled?

B: o That job ha5 a lre ady been 5taned , but it ha5n't been fini5hed yet

Task Pump i ng station

Lay foundat i ons

In s t a ll pumps

2 Co n st ru ct s i te roads

In s t al l p i pe li ne ri ng ma i n

Water storage tanks

3 D rill test boreholes

2 Platform

1 &9 Listen to a recorded talk at the Visitors Centre of the Three Gorges Project (T GP )

in China Tick the visitors ' questions that are answered in the talk

4 In what year was the TGP completed ? D

5 Did some of the displaced population decide to move to other areas ?

excavation

Earth and rock b) m3 People employed f)

4 Complete the sentences using b y means of , to or b y and the correct form of the verb

tonne s) through the dam more quickl y

7 22 spillway openings are installed along the top of the dam ( allow )

extra discharge outlets

8 The reservoir le vel is lowered during May and June eac h y ear _ _ _ _ _

(provide) extra storage during the flood season from June to September

Projech

I

39

40 II Projects

3 Drilling

1 Match the sentence halves 1-7 with a - g, and 8-14 with h-n Pa y particular attention to

the words in bold

1 L The derrick i s a) on the drilling platform

2 _ The derrick stands b) the cable , and moves up or down

3 _ The crown block is fixed c) or releases the cable

4 _ The winch pulls in d) of the travelling block

5 _ The travelling block is attached to e) to the top of the derrick , and rotates

6 _ A hook is fixed to the bottom f) the tower (the top part) of the oil rig

7 _ The hook below the travelling block g) is attached to a swivel

8 _ The top part of the swivel can ' t rotate , h) through a turntable

9 _ The lower part of the swivel is attached i) and makes it rotate

10 _ The kelly fits int o and goes j) bottom of the drill pipe above the drill bit

11 _ The kelly i s attached below k) but the bottom part can

12 _ A diesel engine dr i ves the turntable I) the bottom of the drill pipe

13 _ The drill bit is attached to m) to a 4-sided or 6-sided kelly

14 _ A drill collar i s fitted over the n) the turntable to the drill pipe

2 Describe the stages of a horizontal directional drilling project Comp l ete the sentences belo w, using the verbs in the box in the past simp l e passive

award choose drill drive enlarge lay miss pull push rotate take

A 9 04-metre-long steel gas pipeline _ _ -,-, C:l : s -,, 'C:l : c:i .: :. d _ _ b y LMR pic at the end of2010

2 The horizontal borehole _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 9 metres belo w the M5 high way and

7 metres below a gas main

3 Great care to achieve a smooth borehole as a 120- c m s t ee l

pipeline is v ery inflexible

8 In the next stage , the pilot hole to the final diam eter of 150 cm

9 For this project , rock-reamer - style hole-openers , mounted with mill-tooth c utter s

10 As the hole-openers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ back from the exi t point t owards the drill

ri , the y , c uttin g away th e rock