P H A N MOT L f C H S i r mt GI6I CANDAI ChUdng I C A C CUQC C A C H MANG T U SAN (GIOA T H E Ki X V I - CUOl T H E KI XVIII) Bdi C A C H M A N G H A L A N I GI0A T H E K I XVI cAu H I , B A I T A P c d BAN CSu 1: Nhitog s\i ki$n nao chufng to k i n h te Ha L a n phat trien? * HUdng ddn trd Idi : - San xuat cdc c6ng triJ&ng thu cong phdt trien (cdc ng&nh nau dUcmg, xa phong, ng^nh det, ) - Nhieu th^nh t h i xuat hien trd th^nh trung t&m san xuat, thucfng mai Idn nhuf Ly-den, U-trech, Am-xtec-dam - Nhieu ngan h^ng dUdc lap va dong vai tro quan trong qud trinh phdt trien kinh tg' Mt n\Xdc C a u : Nh€fng nguyen nhan nao dan tdri cupc dau tranh cua nhan dan Ne-dec-lan chong chinh quyen Tay B a n Nha? * Hudng ddn trd lai : - Nhan dan Ne-dec-lan bi boc lot n&ng ne, miJc thue ra't cao chiem den 2/5 ng&n sdch chung - Vua Tay Ban Nha dan ap khoc liet nhiJng chong lai dao Thien Chiia - Hang hoa nude ngo^i nhap v^o Ne-dec-lan bi d6ng thue cao - Thuong nhan Ha Lan bi han che bu6n b ^ vol cdc thuoc dia cua Tay Ban Nha C a u : NhGng s\i k i ^ n the hi^n thai dp ciia nhan dan lao dpng, quy tpc, ti^ san Ha L a n cupc dS'u tranh chong chlnh quyen Tay Ban Nha de giai phong dat nxidc * Ha&ng ddn trd lai : • Thai dd cua qudn chung : + Th^ng - 1566, cupC da'u tranh cua nhan dSn Ne-dec-lan chong Tay Ban Nha t r d th^nh mot \ka song manh me Ho phd nha thd Thien Chua, lung b^t gi^m muc + Thang 10 - 1566, phong tr^o lan rpng 12 tinh, buoc chinh quyen Tfiy Ban Nha phai nhuang bp - Thai dd cua quy tgc vd tu sdn : + Ung ho phong tr^o da'u tranh cua qu^n chung de chong lai chinh quyen Tay Ban Nha + G i a n h a p viio h a n g ngu q u a n k h d i n g h i a ciia q u a n c h u n g c h o n g l a i T a y Ban Nha g i k n h q u y e n l a n h dao p h o n g tr^o d a u t r a n h n h i f n g l a i d l thod h i e p vdi k e t h u C a u : T r i n h bay nhu'ng net chinh ve d i l n bien ciia C a c h mang Ha L a n qua cac giai doan * Hudng ddn trd lai : Giai doan Nien dai Sijf k i ^ n chu yeu Giai doan I Thang - 6 - Nhan dan tan cong, dap pha nha thcf Thien Chua Giao 1566-1572 Thang 10 -1566 - Phong trao lan rong 12 tinh, chinh quyen Tay Ban Nha phai nhircrng bo Thdng - 1567 - Chinh quyen Tay Ban Nha phai 18000 quan sang chiem dong toan bo lanh thd Ne-dec-lan Thdng - 1572 - Quan khdi nghia giai phong nhieu vung rpng Idfn - 11 - 1576 - Quan dpi Tay Ban Nha tan cong giet chet 8000 ngirdi, pha huy mot trung tam thi/cfng mai Giai doan I I - 11 - 1576 - Hoi nghi U-trech gom dai bieu cac tinh m i l n B^c hop tuyen bo' lap "Cac tinh 1572-1648 Lien Hiep" Nam 1648 - Tay Ban Nha chinh thiifc cong nhan nen doc lap cua "cac tinh Lien Hiep" C a u 5: Neu ket qua va han che cua C a c h mang H a L a n * Huang ddn trd Wi : - Kit qua : + Che thong t r i cua Tay Ban Nha bi lat dS, md diTcfng cho chu nghia t\X ban phat trien + Chi thay the sir thong t r i ciia Tay Ban Nha b^ng sif ap bufc boc lot ciia tu san, quy toe nirdc - Han che : + ChUa giai phong nhan dan lao dong khoi ap bufc boc lot + Chua giai quyet ducrc vSn de ruong da't chosnong dan C a u 6: V i C U Q C d a u t r a n h giai phong d a n t Q C c u a n h a n dan Ne-dec-lan di^cfc xem la C U Q C each maing ti^ san ? * Huang ddn trd Wi : - Sau k h i cdch mang th^ng lai, chu nghia tu Mn da duac thiet lap va phat trien d Ha Lan; cdc ng^nh san xua't d f t len, nhuom, thiiy tinh va che tao kinh quang hoc duoc diy manh; thucfng nghiep phdt trien; th^nh t h i sam uS't trd trung tam kinh te, chinh t r i , van h6a cua dat nUdc (ti^u bieu la Thanh phd Am-xtec-dam) ; cac cong t i thuang mai cua Ha Lan (Cong t i phucfng Dong, Cong ti Dong An, ) khong chi md rpng vi^c buon bdn vdi nhieu nUdc tren the gidi mk cbn tien hanh xam chiem thupc dia - Day la cupc cdch rnang t u san no sdrm nha't, thiic day sU bung no nhieu cupc each mang tU santiep theo CAc cupc cdch mang tU san sau diln dudi anh sang tU tudng ciia cdch mang Ha Lan - Sau thdng Ipi cua each mang, Nha nUdc tU san dau tien tren the gidi dupe thig't lap, md thdi dai mdi lich siif nhan loai - thdi lich suf can dai, thdi dai th^ng Ipi va xac lap phucfng thuTc san xua't tU ban chu nghia tren pham vi the gidi I I C A U H O I , B A I T A P B O SUNG C a u : Hay neu dac diem tinh hinh k i n h te, xa hpi Ne-dec-lan triidc each mang * Hudng ddn trd Idi : - Dau the k i X V I , Ne-d6e-lan l a mot nhufng vting kinh te phdt trien nha't chau Au : Nhieu pho, h.4i cdng xua't hi$n va t r d trung tam thUdng mai noi tieng nhu U-tr§'ch, Am-xtec-dam Nhieu ngan hang dupe lap va ddng Vai tr6 quan trong qud trinh phat trien kinh tg' - Cung vdi sU phdt t r i l n cong thuofng nghiep, giai ca'p tU san Nd-dec-lan sdm hinh thanh, cang cd the lue ve kinh te - Tu tudng Ton gido ciia Can-vanh phat trien - VUdng quoc Tay Ban Nha tang cUdng kiem soat va vP v^t cua cai cua nhan dan Ne-d6e-lan, dong thdi dan dp nhijtng ngUdi theo Thien Chua giao C a u : T a i noi : T i n h hinh k i n h te, chinh tri, xa hpi cua Ha L a n trifdc each mang chuan bi dieu ki$n cho each mang bung n6' ? * Hudng ddn trd Idi : - Su phat trien kinh tg'd Ha Lan da tao dieu kien cho luc lUdng sdn xua't tu ban chu nghia (TBCN) hinh thanh, phat t r i l n : dan den mau thuan gay gAi giCra luc lupng san xua't tien tien TBCN va quan he san xua't phong kien - Trong xa hoi xua't hien giai ca'p mdi g^n lien vdi luc lUpng sdn xuat TBCN la giai ca'p t u san, dSy la giai ca'p triic tiep lanh dao each mang - Chinh sach thong t r i khde, sU boc lot vat cha't va tinh than tan bao ciia de quoc Tay Ban Nha dSn den mau thuSn gay g^t khong the dieu hda noi gifla toan the dan toe Ne-dec-lan vdi de quoc Tay Ban Nha - Ta't ca tinh hinh neu tren da dSn den cupc cdeh mang giai phdng dan toe mang tinh chat t u sdn d Ne-d6c-lan chong laiaeh thong t r i cua de quS'c Tay Ban Nha C a u : Thai dO cua quSn c h i i n g nhkn dSn va tvt skn, quy t^c Ne-dec-lan t r o n g cuQC e a c h m a n g da noi len dieu gi ? * Hudng ddn trd Idi : - Quan chung n h a n ddn la life lucfng k i e n quyet da'u t r a n h , ho d6ng v a i t r quan t r o n g t r o n g t i e n t r i n h p h d t t r i e n cua cdch m a n g , qu^n chiing nhfin dfin \k d6ng lire quan t r o n g gop phfin tao nen t h ^ n g l o i cua cdch mang - G i a i ca'p tiT sdn, qujr tOc Ne-d6e-lan 1^ ngudi to ehuTc l a n h dao n h a n dan dau t r a n h song l a i lo s o phong t r ^ o cdch m a n g cua qudn ehiing, ho dao dong, de thoa hiep v d i ke t h u C a u : Neu tinh chat va y nghia c u a each mang ttf s a n H a L a n , * Huang ddn trd lai : - Tinh chdt : Cdeh m a n g tiT sAn L a n vCfa Ik m o t cuge chi§n t r a n h giai phong dan toe, viTa 1^ eugc cdch m a n g tir s&n, bdi v i n6 ^'ira ehdng bon x a m Ixxac Tay B a n N h a viTa m d dir&ng cho chu n g h l a tir ban p h d t t r i e n Dong lire cua ckch m a n g Ik dong dao qudn chung n h a n dan (nong d a n , t h o t h u cong, - Kit qua : M a m m o n g quan h e san xuA't tiT b i n chu n g h i a d a t h a m n h ^ p vao nong t h o n d A n h , chuan h i cho C U Q C e a c h m a n g tir s a n b u n g no C a u : T i n h h i n h xa hpi nrfdc A n h trtfdfc each mang c6 nhuTng n6t noi b^it nao? * Hudng ddn trd Idi : - N o n g dan b i mfi't ruong dat p h a i hkn siJc lao dpng cho t u ban - M p t so' dia chu t r d t h ^ n h quy tpc m d i - M&u thuSn xa h p i gay git, d i n t d i cupc da'u t r a n h chong che' dp phong ki§'n, tao dieu k i e n cho k i n h te tiT ban chu n g h i a phAt t r i e n C a u : C U Q C each mang t\i san A n h the k i X V I I dien r a nhi^ the nao nhiiTng nSm 1642 - 1648 ? * Hudng ddn trd Idi : - N a m 1640, Vua Sac-lcf I t r i p u t a p Quoe h p i , m a m mong cupc n p i chie'n xuat h i e n dan nghfeo t h a n h t h i ) L a n h dao cdeh mang la giai cap tir san K e t qua cua - T h d n g - 1642, Sdc-lof I ehay len m i e n B i c chuan b i liTc lirpng cdch m a n g : d d n h dch t h o n g t r i ciia Tay Ban N h a , gi&nh doe lap dan toe, - Ng^y 22 - - 1642, Sdc-lcr I tuyen chie'n vdi quoe h p i - n p i chie'n b i t dau lap nen N h a nirdc cpng h o a - Ng^y - -• 1645, quan dpi nha vua tha't b a i , Sac-lcf I b i hkt - Y nghla ; - Mua xukn + Day Ik cuoc cdch m a n g tir san dau ti§n t r e n t h e g i d i , m d diTdng cho chu n g h i a tir ban p h a t t r i e n + M d r a n i g t t h d i dai m d i - t h d i dai ciia cac cuoc cdch m a n g t i f san va birdc dau suy vong cua che phong k i e n 1648, Sae-lof I tiep tuc chi§'n t r a n h chong Quoe hOi n h i t o g b i t h a t bai - n p i chie'n k e t thiic C a u 4: T i m hieu v a i net ve 6-li-vot Crom-oen * Hudng ddn trd Idi : - 6-li-vd Crom-oen (1599 - 1658) l a m p t t r o n g nhuTng l a n h t u xuat sAc cua phdi doe l a p , t i e u bieu cho t a n g Idp quy tpc m d i loai vifa Bai2 - T r o n g g i a i doan thuf n h a t cua cdeh m a n g (1642 - ) , ong dirpe n h a n C A C H M A N G Tl/ S A N A N H GICTA T H E K I X V I I dan ung hp d a t i e n h a n h eai cdch, to chile l a i quan ddi bao gom ehu yeu l a nong dan c6 t i n h k y luat va t i n h t h a n chie'n da'u cao, dirpc gpi l a " D p i quan sudn s i t " , gom 22.000 ngifdi I C A U H I , B A I T A P CCf B A N C a u 1: Quan h ^ tuT ban chu nghia xam nh$p vao nong thon A n h nhxX the nao ? V a ket qua r a ? * Hudng ddn trd lai : - Quan he k i n h te t i e n te da x a m nhap vao nong t h o n A n h , da l a m t h a y - N a m 1653, quan dpi m d i va giai ca'p tiT san diTa O-li-vo Crom-oen len l a m Bao hp cong Che dp doe t a i quan sir diTpc t h i e t l a p - Ngay - - 1658, 6-li-vcf Crom-oen qua ddi doi CO cau k i n h te vk phirong thure k i n h doanh : L a n h chiia phong k i e n va C a u : T r i n h bay d i l n bien chlnh va ket qua cua cupc C a c h mang txi san A n h tiif nam 1649 den nhfing nam 1688 - 1689 mot bo p h a n n o n g dan chuyen sang nuoi ciTu, ban l o u g ciTu M o t so dia chu * Hudng ddn trd Idi : duoi t a dien ehiem ruong dat bien t h a n h ' m o t v u i ^ i r o n g I d n , ap dung phiTOng thufc canh tac m d i , hoSe t r o n g c6 nuoi ciTu '* - N o n g d a n b i duoi k h d i dong ruong, d i l a m thue cho d i a chii quy toe, diroc t r a t i e n cong Ho s a n xuat nguyen lieu va thirc p h a m de cung cap cho t h i trirdng A n h va c a c thupc dia ciia A n h - N h i e u cong trirdng chuyen san xuat l e n xuat h i e n , nhieu nganh cong nghiep khac cung Idn m a n h - Ngay 30 - - 1649, theo nguyen vpng cua n h a n d a n , Sac-ld I b i xuf tuf ; nude A n h t r d t h a n h nude cong hoa Cach m a n g dat den d i n h cao - N a m 1653, Crom-oen t r d t h a n h Bao hp cong; che dp dpc t a i quan sir dirpc thiet lap - Ngay 03 - - 1658, Crom-oen qua d d i , nirdc A n h rcfi vao t i n h t r a n g kh6n(? on d i n h ve c h i n h t r i Quy tpc m d i va tiT san t h o a hiep v d i lire lirpng phong k i e n cu, lap f h e dp quan chu + M o t so d i a chu t r d t h a n h quy toe mdi - N a m 6 , Sdc-lcf I 1^ SAc-la I I l e n ngoi vua T r i e u dai X t i u - d t dxigc phuc h o i + M a u t h u a n xa h o i gay g^t, dan tdfi cupc da'u t r a n h chong che dp phong - T h d n g 12 - 1688, Quoc h o i dung dp liic phe trufi't ngoi Sdc-lo I I ki§n, tao dieu k i e n cho k i n h te' tu ban chu nghia phat t r i l n - Dau n a m 1689, t u san va quy toe m6i dUa V O-ran-gio I I I l e n ng6i vua, - NhUng t i e n de ve k i n h te va xa h p i da dfin den bung no cupc Cach m a n g che quan chu lap h i e n diTcfc xdc lap tu san A n h t h e k i X V I I C a u : H a y n e u tfnh chS't va y nghia ciia c u ^ c each mang tu" san Cau : L a p nien bieu cac SJX k i ^ n chinh cua C a c h mang tvt san A n h Anh V i C U Q C each mang tvi san A n h l a C U Q C each mang tvl san * Hudng ddn trd lai : khong triQt de ? * Hudng Giai (loan ddn trd Idi : - Tinh Giai dogn chdt + Quan chiing n h a n dan giOf vai t r o quyet d i n h t h d n g Igi cho each mang, + Quy t6c mdri v^ tU san n d m c h i n h quyen, k h o n g dap ufng yeu cau cua * + Sif nhiTotng b6 cua quy tgc m d i v a tU sdn da dSn d§'n t h ^ n h l $ p che dp quan chu lap h i e n Giai doan - Y nghia : + Lat che phong kien, mcf ducmg cho chu nghia tvt ban d A n h phdt t r i ^ n + M d r a thori k i qua dp tii che dp phong k i e n sang che dp tU ban Sii ki6n chu yg'u - Vua sac-la i trieu tgp Qu6'c tiOi, mam mpng cupc nOi ctiien xua't hien -Thang 1-1642 - sac-lo chay len mien Bic chua'n bi li/c lUdng, - 22 - - 1642 - 14 - - 1645 - Sac-la tuygn chien vdi Quoc hOi - nOi chien hk dau - Quan dpi nha vua that bai, Sac-lo bi bat - Mua xuan 1648 - sac-lo tiep tuc chien tranh chong Quoc hOi nhung bi that bgi - noi chien k§'t thiic - sac-lo bi xi!ni;r; nuSc Anh tr6 nu8c cong hoa 1642 - 1648 + Cach m a n g quy toe m d i v^ tir san l a n h dao n h a n dan Nien dai - I\iam 1640 - 30 - - 1649 1649 -1688 - Nam 1653 - O.Crom-oen tr5 B^o hO c6ng ; chg' d6 dOc tai quan sa di/oc thiet ISp - Vi soo • - 0:CrSm-oen qua dc)i, nu8c Anh khung hoang chinh tri - 03 - - 1658 + Cach m a n g t i f san A n h 1^ mot cupc each m a n g t\i san n h k m vao muc - N5m 1660 - Con Sac-lo la Sac-lo II lgn ng5i vua tieu dau t r a n h chdng che dp phong k i e n Day l a muc tieu p h i i hop v(Ji yeu ca" - Thang 12-1688 - QuC'c hpi dung ap IL/C phe truat ngoi Sac-lo II cua each mang - Tir san va quy t6c mcii dua V.O-ran-giO III l§n ng6i - O^u nam 1689 + D e n n a m 1949, each m a n g da xuf tuf vua Sac-lo I , t h i e t l a p che dp cpn,vua, che dp quS-n chu ISp hig'n di/pc xac lap hok Cdeh m a n g dat den d i n h eao + N h i f t i g sau doi quy toe m d i v a t u san l a i nhirang bp cho phong k i e n M I I c A u H O I v A B A I T A P B O S U N G r o i t h i e t l a p d A n h che dp quan chu l a p h i e n (vCra c6 vua, viTa c6 t\i san), C a u : T r i n h bay nhuTng net chinh ve nguyen nhan, d i l n bien, ket nghia 1^ cdeh m a n g chua ho^n t h a n h n h i e m vu cua m i n h , n e n no l a cupc qua v a y nghia c u a each mang ti:^ san Anh cdch m a n g t\i san k h o n g t r i p t d§ * Hudng ddn trd lai : Cau : Neu nhihig tien de cua CUQC Cach mang ttf san Anh the ki XVII * Huang ddn trd lai : - Tien de kinh te : Tii giOfa the k i X V I , quan he t i e n da t h a m nhap vao nong t h o n A n h l ^ m t h a y doi ca cau k i n h te va phifong thiJe k i n h doanh : + L a n h chiia phong k i e n va mot bp-phan nong ddn ehuyen sang nuoi eifu, bdn l o n g cim + N h i e u cong trifcfng san xuat len da xuait h i e n + N h i e u n g a n h cong nghiep Idn m a n h + N h i e u ngan h a n g r a dcri + Viee buon ban p h a t dat va thucfng n h a n n ^ m giOr - Tien di xa hoi : + N o n g dan b i mS't rupng da't phdi bdn sue lao dpng cho tii ban - Nguyen nhan : + Dau t h e k i X V I I , A n h 1^ nUdc c6 n e n k i n h te phat t r i e n m a n h nha; chau A u n h d su phat t r i e n m a n h me ciia ngoai thuong, chii yeu 1^ ban l e n d va buon no le da den + D i a chii quy toe, ehuyen hudng k i n h doanh theo l o i tU bdn chii nghia ; dan dan t u san hoa va t r d t h a n h t a n g Idtp quy toe m d i + Su x a m nhap eua chii nghia tU ban vao t r o n g nong nghiep d i l n r a m a n h me -^ M a u t h u a n giufa tU sdn va quy tpc m d i v d i cdc t h e lue phong k i e n phan dpng trcf nen gay g^t -I- Sae-lcf I cai t r i doe doan, dat r a nhieu t h U thue m d i - Diin bien : + T h d n g - 1642, Sdc-lcf I tuyen chig'n vcJi Quoc h g i , n g i chien b u n g no + Ng&y 30 - - 1649, Sac-lcr I b i xuf tilf, nen, Cong hok A n h duac thig't lap, each m a n g dat den d i n h cao Vai tro lanh dao DOng lyc Muc tigu Kg't qui + N a m 1653, n e n doc thi diTctc t h i e t l a p Crom-oen dufng dau + T h d n g 12 n a m 1688, Quoc hpi t i e n h a n h c h i n h bien, s a u d6 che qudn c h u l a p h i e n duoc xac l a p - Ket qua, y nghia : + L a t che phong ki&n, md dudng cho chu nghia t u b i n d A n h phat trien + M d thdi k i qua tit che phong k i e n sang che t u Mn C a u : S o s a n h e a c h m a n g ti^ s a n H a L a n v a e a c h m a n g tvC s a n A n h * Huang ddn trd lai : each mgng tt/ sin Gid'ng Lan C^ch mang tu sin Anh - Co myc 'tigu ta'n c6ng la Giao hpi Ki-t6 - Chiu Snh ht/6ng cua t6n giao - Mfl duftng cho kinh tg' tii ban chu nghia phat trien - Deu la cuOc each mgng tU san chaa tri§t de, - DOng li/c chu yeu la quan chiing nhSn d§n - Chua giai quyet dLitjc ruOng dat cho n6ng dan, khSng giai ph6ng hoan toSn ngucii lao dong KMc - Da'u tranh giai phong d§n tOc - Npi chi§'n chS'ng phong kien - Thi§'t l§p nen cOng hoa - Thig't l§p nSn quSn chu i^p hi§'n - Tigu di^t ch§' dp phong kiS'n Tay Ban Nha, m& dSu M\i tu ban chu nghTa - Choa ti6u digt t5n goc ch6' dO phong ki§'n Tinh chat, y nghTa Quy tOc mfli tu sSn ChiJ yg'u la nSng dan, tho thij c6ng, tu sin nh6 Lat d6 ch6' dO phong kig'n, tao dilu ki§n cho chu nghTa tU bSn phat tri§'n Xac lap ch§' dO quan chu lap hi§'n, han ch§' vudng quy^n, quy tOc m6i va tu san c6 nhi^u quygn Ipl vl kinh te va chinh tri Nhan dan lao dOng khSng dupe huSng quy^n Ipi gi La cuOc each mang tu san khOng trigt dfi' nhung c6 inh hu6ng Idn dg'i SI/ phat trien cua Ijch sif loai ngudl giai dogn chuyen [is che dO phong ki§'n sang ch§' dO tu ban chiJ nghTa c a u : H a y nfiu v a i t r o c u a C r o m - o e n t r o n g t i e n t r i n h C a c h m a n g t\i san Anh * HUcng ddn trd Idi : - T r o n g g i a i doan 1642 - 1649: Crom-oen biet dua vao n h a n dan de thi/c hi$n cac n h i e m vu each m a n g : + Lap quan doi c6 t i n h k i luat va t i n h t h a n chien dau cao, dugc goi l a "DOi quan sirom sAt" + Quan doi ctla Crom-oen dong vai t r o quyet d i n h t r o n g viec chien dau va chien t h i n g quan cua nha vua Sac-lo I , dSn den ket thuc cupc noi chien, diTa nifdc A n h den d i n h cao cua cdch mang, l a t h i e t lap nen Cong hoa tU s a n - T r o n g g i a i doan 1649 - 1658 : Crom-oen l a ng^di bao ve quyen l o i cho giai cap s a n , dia chu, dung che dp t h o n g t r i quan sif va quyen doc tai quSn sir de p h u c vu chc t a n g Idp t r e n , giau c6 v a diing chien t r a n h d§ m d dudng cho viec xay dung m p t dao quan thuoc dia hau cua nUdc A n h sau BaiS C a u : Latp b a n g t h o n g k e v e n g u y e n n h a n , v a i t r o l a n h d a o , d p n g C H I E N T R A N H G I A N H D O C L A P B A C Mi Itfc, m u c t i e u , k e t q u a , t i n h c h a t v a y n g h i a c u a eupe e a c h m a n g ttf NtfA S A U T H E K I X V I I I s a n A n h the k i X V I I * Huang ddn trd M : T\iu muc Nguyen nhan NOi dung - Dau thg' ki XVII, Anh la ni/i5c c6 ngn kinh te ph^t tri^n mgnh nhat chSu Au nhd su phat trig'n manh me cua ngoai thi/ong, chlj yeu la bSn len dg va bu6n no 1? da den - Dia chij quy tOc, chuyg'n huSng kinh do^hh the© 151 ti/ ban chu nghTa ; d5n dan tu san hoa va tr6 tSng Idp qay tOc mdi - Sy xam nh§p cua chu nghTa tu ban vao nfing nghigp di§n mgnh me - Mau thucin giOa tu san vS quy tOc mfii vdi cac th§' li/c phong kien phan dOng trS nen gay gSt - Sac-lo cai trj dpc doan, d3t nhi^u thiJ thu§' mcii 10 I cAu H I VA BAI TAP cd BAN C&u : H a y n e u c h i n h s a c h c i i a A n h d o i vdti c a c thuQc d i a d B S c M l va ket q u a c u a no * Huang ddn trd lai : - Cac thuoc dia A n h d B&c M i deu dat dudi quyen cua vua A n h Cac thupc dia la nguon cung cap nguyen lieu va la t h i t r i f d n g tieu t h u h a n g hoa cua chinh quoc ; dong t h d i p h a i tuan t h i i cac dao luat k h a t khe A n h d l nhU: LuEit H a n g h a i (1561), L u a t Dir&ng (1764), Luat T e m (1764), L u a t Che (1770) - K i t qua ciia cupc k h a i thac thupc dia ciia A n h la mot can t r d Idn doi vdi sir phat I n e n xa h p i Bdc M l , n h i e n iien k i n h te d h a i m i e n B^c, N a m van phiit t r i e n t n c o coa dudng tiT ban chii nghia (mien Bac xay-diTng cac cong 11 triT^rng t h u cong, m i e n N a m p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e d o n dien) N h i e u t r u n g t a m k i n h te' h i n h t h a n h - Su tha'ng t r i h a k h i c ciia thuc dan A n h , m&u thuan giOfa ch&' thupc dia v a suf phat t r i e n k i n h te t u ban chu nghia d BAc M l dSn tdi mau thuftn giufa nhan dan thuoc dia B i c M i v d i thuc dan A n h , l a m bung no nhieu cuoc dau t r a n h C a u : Tit s a u s\i k i ^ n " c h e B6-xtofn", c u p c c h i e n t r a n h g i a n h d p c l a p d a d i l n r a nhxi t h e n a o ? * Huang ddn trd lai : - Cuoi n a m 1773, n h a n d a n cang B6-xtcfn t a n cong ba t a u chot chfe ciia Anh - N h i t a g ngtfcfi c6 t a i san, c6 hoc va'n m d i dudc bau cur, p h u n i l k h n g c6 quyen bau cuf, no l e va ngufdi I n - d i - a n k h o n g c6 quyen cong dan - Che no l e vSn dugc t r i CSu ngutig t r cac hoat ddng thirong m a i , n a n t h a t nghiep I a n t r a n T h a n g 1774, A n h b a n bo dao luat d a n ap, gay n e n phong t r ^ o dau t r a n h chong m a n h me , : H a y n e u k e t q u a v a y nghia CUQC C h i e n tranh gianh dpc l^p c u a c a c t h u p c d i a A n h of B&c M i * Hudng ddn trd lai : - Ket qua : va n e m cac t h u n g che xuong bien de p h a n do'i che thue ciia A n h d6'i vdri cac thuoc d i a Bac M i Thuc d a n A n h r a l e n h dong cang Bo-xtcfn, l a m Anh - T o n g t h o n g c6 n h i e m k i n a m , c h i dupc t a i cijf n h i e m k i : Tong thS'ng l a Tong T u l e n h quan doi + T h a n g - 1783, hoa Udc dufoc k i k e t t a i Vec-xai (Phap) A n h cong n h a n n e n dpc l a p cua 13 tljupc d i a d B^c M i + N a m 1787, H i e n phap nudc M i duprc t h o n g qua, ciing co' v i t r i ciia N h a niTdc m d i + N a m 1789, Oa-sinh-tcfn difgc b^u l a m Tong thong dau t i e n ciia nUdc M i - Tir - d e n 26 - 10 - 1774, t a i Phi-la-den-phi-a da d i l n r a D a i h o i luc - Y nghia : dia I a n thuf n h a t , cdc d a i bieu n h a t t r i yeu cau vua A n h b a i bo c h i n h sdch h a n che cong t h u o n g nghiep cf B^c M l Vua A n h k h o n g chap n h a n m a + G i a i phong B^c M l k h d i sif tho'ng t r i ciia thiic d a n A n h c h u i n b i t r i f t i g phat + M d durdng cho k i n h te i\i ban chii nghia d M i p h a t t r i e n + Gdp p h a n thiic day phong trao each m a n g cho'ng phong kie'n d chau - T h a n g - 1775, chien t r a n h giita thupc d i a v a c h i n h quoc da no r a , luc quan k h d i n g h i a chiu nhieu t h a t b a i v i luTc lufomg n o n yeu, t h i e u sir t Au v a phong t r a o dau t r a n h g i a n h doc l a p d M i L a - t i n h cuoi t h e k i X V I I I dau th§'kiXIX chufc chat che diu - T h a n g - 1775, D a i h o i luc d i a I a n thuf h a i hop tuyen bo c^t diJt quan Cau : Nhffng n g u y e n n h a n n a o d S n d e n t h S n g Igfi C U Q C C h i e n t r a n h he v d i A n h , cung co lire lucfng vu u ang, t h a n h lap "Quan d o i thuoc dia", d a t g i a n h dQC l ^ p c i i a n h a n d a n c a c nu!drc thuQC d i a A n h of B S c M i ? difdi s U c h i huy cua Oa-sinh-ton D e n dau n a m 1776, quan k h d i n g h i a chiem * Huang ddn trd lai : dugc B6-xton • Nhcf c6 sU chi h u y t a i t i n h ciia Oa-sinh-tcfn Cau - N h d CO s i i l i n g hO ciia n h a n d d n : T r i n h b a y y n g h i a l i c h sijf v a h a n c h e c u a T u y e n n g o n D Q C l^p n S m 7 c u a MI - N h d biet difa vao d i a t h e h i e m t r d d B^c M i d§' phat huy l o i ddnh du k i c h * Hudng ddn trd led : - Nhcf cupc chien da'u c h i n h n g h i a dupfc cac t a n g Idp n h a n d a n t i e n bp Phdp v a n h a n d a n cac nUdc chau A u iing hp - Y nghia : + Quyen ngUori v a quyen cong dan diTOc c h i n h thuTc cong bo' tru"(Jc + Nguyen t^c ve chii quyen cua n h a n dan duoc de cao + K h n g xoa bo che dp no le * Huang ddn trd lai : Nign dai • t ,, + Cong n h a n v a n h a n d a n lao dpng v i n b i boc l o t C a u : N e u n p i d u n g cof b a n c i i a H i e n p h a p Huang ddn trd lai : - H i e n phap neu ro niidc M i l a nUdtc Cong hoa l i e n bang - Thuc h i e n nguyen tAc p h a n quyen : Tong t h o n g n a m quyen h a n h phap, Quo'c h p i n ^ m quyen lap p h a p , Toa an to'i c a o n ^ m quyen t u p h d p 12 : L ^ p n i e n b i e u v e C h i e n t r a n h g i a n h dQC Isip c i i a c a c thuQC dia A n h d B S c M i toan t h e n h a n loai - Han che : Cau Sir ki$n chu y6'u -Thang - 7 - NhSn dSn Cang B6-xWn tan cong ba tau ch5 che cua Anh - Ti/ - den - Dai hOi luc dia Ian tai Phi-la-den-phi-a 16 - - 1774 - Th^ng - 7 - Chien tranh giOa cac thuOc dia va chinh qufi'c n6 -10-5-1775 - Dgi hOi Igc dia lln thtf 2, tuy§n b6' dt dirt quan h$ v6i Anh - Diu nam 1776 - QuSn khcfi nghTa chiem B6-xtcin -4-7- - HOi nghi lyc dia tgi Phi-la-den-phi-a da th6ng qua bhn Tuygn ngOn 1776 Dpc Igp 1.3 - 17-10-1777 - Quan khdi nghTa thSng Idn Xa-ra-t6-ga C&u • V a i t r o c u a G.Oa-sinh-tofn t r o n g C h i e n t r a n h g i a n h d p c Igp d - Nam 1781 - Chien Mng l-o6c-tao, chS'm dirt chig'n tranh gi^nh dOc l$p B S C - Nam 1783 - Anh ky hi^p uOc Vec-xai (Phap) cong nh$n nen dpc l$p cua 13 * Hudng thupc dja B k MT - Nam 1787 - Hig'n phap MT th6ng qua, xac Igp the che dSn chu cua giai cS'p tu d B S c M i thifc c h a t l a m p t c u p c e a c h m a n g tvT s a n " ? dan trd lai : - Muc t i e u cua cupc each m a n g d xa h o i B^c M i l a giai quyet mau thuSn giCa quan he san xuS't phong k i e n v d i liTc liTpng san xuat mdi T B C N , m o ducfng cho n e n k i n h te T B C N p h d t t r i e n t h a n h muc t i e u t r e n t h i viec dau t i e n Ih dau t r a n h x6a bo n ^ n t h o n g t r i phi l i ciia A n h , g i ^ n h dpc lap d a n tpc d Bic M i - Life liJcfng l a n h dao l a giai cS'p tiX san - Dong luc cua cAch mang : Nhan dan lao dong (no le, cong nhan, n6ng dan, ) - Cupc dau t r a n h giai phong dkn tpc d Bic M i md dudng cho chii nghia tu ban p h d t t r i e n t a i day II c A u H I V A B A I T A P B O S U N G C a u : Ni^dfc M i dvC^c t h a n h l ^ p t r o n g h o a n c a n h n a o ? * Huang ddn trd Idi : • T h d n g - 1775, D a i h p i luc dia l ^ n thiJ h a i duoc t r i $ u tap, quyet d i n h t h ^ n h l a p "Quan d p i thupc d i a " v a bd n h i e m Oa-Sinh-tPn l a T d n g c h i huy, dong t h d i keu goi n h a n d a n t u nguyen dong g6p xfiy diftig quan dpi Cupc dau t r a n h g i a n h dpc lap k h o n g ngitog phdt t r i e n Cdc thupc d i a I a n lu-gt tuyen b d dan bieu Viec-gi-ni-a, l a ngudi t i c h cUc chdng c h i n h sach cua thuc d a n A n h - Ngay 16 - - 1777, D a i h p i luc dia l i n t h U h a i , G Oa-sinh-ton dupe bau l a m t d n g c h i h u y cac lUc lupng vu t r a n g cua nghia quan - Ong l a ngudi true tiep c h i h u y nhUng t r a n d a n h I d n (dae biet giai doan thU cua chien t r a n h ) d a n h bai quan dpi thuc d a n A n h - N a m 1789, G Oa-sinh-ton dupe hAu lam T d n g t h d n g dau t i e n cua H o p chung qud^c H o a K i C a u : T r i n h b a y n p i d u n g T u y e n n g o n D p c I g p n a m 1776 c u a M i * Hudng ddn trd lai : - To cao che dp ap bUc thupc d i a ciia thuc d a n A n h , tuyen b d cac thupc dia lien hipp v d i nhau, tach k h d i nude A n h de t h a n h l a p m p t qudc gia dpc lap - K h n g d i n h m p i ngudi cd quyen sdng, quyen b i n h d^ng, quyen tU va quyen muu cau h a n h phuc - x a c d i n h quyen cong d a n t r o n g viec t h i e t l a p bp may n h a nude - K h ^ n g d i n h quyen luc ciia giai cap tU san va ciia ngudi da t r ^ n g , k h o n g xoa bd che dp no le, t r i vipe bdc l o t cong n h a n l a m thue C a u : H a y p h S n t i c h n h i i n g d i e m g i o n g v a k h a c n h a u giffa e a c h m a n g tiT s a n A n h v a C h i e n t r a n h g i a n h d p c l $ p d B d c M i - Giong : + Deu l a cuOe each m a n g t u san chua t r i p t de tdch k h o i nude A n h - Ngay - - 1776, D a i h o i t h o n g qua b a n Tuyen ngon Dpc lap c h i n h thufc tuyen b d 13 thupc dia t h o d t l y k h o i c h i n h quoc, t h ^ n h lap m p t qudc gia dpc lap - H o p chung qudc H o a K i C a u : H ^ u q u a ciia c h i n h s a c h thong t r i c u a A n h d B d c M i ? * Hudng bieu cua giai cap t U san v a dia chu c6 quyen I p i mau thuSn v d i thuc dSn A n h - TrUdc chien t r a n h , ong tUng l a s i quan qufin dpi, t h a n h vien H i dong C a u : V i noi: " C h i e n t r a n h gianh dpc l$p c u a c a c thupc d i a A n h - N h i f t i g muon hokn ddn trd Idi : - G Oa-sinh-ton (1722 - 1799) l a chu ddn dien Viec-gi-ni-a; ong l a dai sin va chu n6 * Huang Mi ? ddn trd lai : + Dong luc chu yeu ciia each m a n g l a quan chiing + T h a n g I p i cua each m a n g da m d dudng cho chu nghia tU ban p h a t triln dAu - M i + Cd a n h h u d n g sau r p n g va cd y nghia qudc te I d n lao + Chua giai quyet dude v a n de rupng da't cho nong dan - Sir t h d n g t r i ve c h i n h t r i cua A n h d B^c M l (To chiic cai t r i , phdp luat - Khdc : hk kh^c) da can t r d sU p h d t t r i e n san xuat t i i ban chu n,ghla - Sir m a t can ddi t r o n g qud t r i n h phat t r i e n k i i i k te giufa m i e n B^c va mien N a m B^c M i (mien Bdc ho^n t h k n h v^ phdt t r i e n n e n k i n h te tir ban chu nghia ; m i e n N a m lap k i n h te ddn d i l n v^ siJt dung lao dpng no le l ^ m thue) - M a u t h u a n giCTa lire lirpng san xufi't tir b a n chii nghia v d i quan he san xuat phong k i e n lac hau - M a u thuan giOfa che dp thupc dia vk sir phdt t r i ^ n k i n h te t u ban chu nghia, mau thuSn giufa n h a n dan thupc dia B^c M i vdi chu nghia thuc dan A n h 14 CMTS Anh Giai ca'p lanh dgo Ji!nh_thLfc CTGOL d Qh MT Tir san v& quy tOc m6i Ti/ san va chu n6 NO! chig'n Chjg'n tranh g i i i ph6ng dan tOc MhiOm vy L§t dd che dO phong kig'n L§t dd n6n thdng tri cua chinh K6t quS Thi§'t l§p ngn quan chu ISp hig'n Thanh l^p nuflc Hoa Ki vdi n l n quygn thi;c dSn Anh cOng hoa ta s^n 15 Bai4 C A C H M A N G TlT S A N P H A P C U O I T H E K I X V I I I I C A U H O I CO S A N T R O N G S A C H G I A O K H O A Cau : Nong nghi^p, cong - thi^ofng nghi^p Phap triidc each mang C O nhCfng net noi bat gi ? * Hudng ddn trd lai : - Nong nghiep : + TrUdc each mang, Phap vkn Ik mot mrdrc nong nghiep kem phat trien Cong cu va phuromg phap canh tAc tho scf, lac hau, nang suat thu hoach rat thap + D6i song nong dan cang khon quSn bcri sir hoc lot den cung cue cua lanh chiia phong kien va Giao hoi Nan doi thir6ng xuyer xay - Cong - thiiang nghiep : + Cong nghiep Ph^p th6i k i da phat trien Nhieu t h i nhu Bo6c-d6, Nang-td, Ha-vrc( Idn inanh nhanh ch6ng san xufi't va xuat khau ta lua, vai, hang theu, len Cong nghiep phat trien manh nha't l a ode nghe det vai, tcf lua, luyen k i m , khai mo, che tao vu + Ngoai thifcfng cung c6 nhOCng hu6c tien mdi, cac cong t i thuang mai Phap buon ban vdi nhieu nUdc d chau Au va phuong Dong Song viec giao \iiu hang hoa nifcJc cung nh\i vdi n\i6c ngoai bi can trd bdi che dp phong kien Cau : L a p srf trinh bay ve che dp ba dang cap xa hoi phong k i e n P h a p Qua sof giai thich ttfng ddng cap xa h^i Phap tritoTc each mang Tang IQ Quy toe - Qkng cap c6 nnoi dSc q u y ^ n - Khong phai dong thue Dang cap tha - D a n g cap khong c quyen loi gi - Phai dong thue Nong dan Dan ngheo thj Ta s^n * Gidi thlch qua sa : - Xa hoi- Phap chia ba d ^ g cap : T a n g iCr, Quy toe v a D ^ g cap thuT ba 16 - D i n g ctfp tang IC va d i n g cap quy toe phong kien la nhufng d i n g cap c6 nhieu dac quyen, dac lai Ho khSng phai dong thue', duoc hudng nhieu dac quyen, n i m giOf cac chufc vu bp mdy Nha nude, Quan dpi va Giao hpi - Dang cap t h d ba bao gom nhieu giai cap, tang Idp xa hpi (tu san, n6ng dan, dan ngheo t h i , cong nhan, ) c6 nhuTng quyen lai va nguyen vong khong giong : + Tu san : Co the life ve kinh te, nhitog khong eo quyin Igi chinh t r i , bi n h a vua va lanh chiia dia phirang ngan can hoat dong kinh doanh Trong giai cap t\i san lai chia nhieu tang Idp: dai tif san (chu ngan hang, nha buon Idn), t a san Idn viTa (ta san cong thuang nghiep), tU san nho Xuat phat tiT dia vi, quyen Ipri cua minh, moi tang Idp t u san c6 sir khdc v l thai dp chinh t r i va tinh than dau tranh chong lai che dp phong kien Nong dan : chiem tren 90% dan so Phap, phan Idn l a t a d i l n , nop 50% hoa Ipi thu hoach, ddng nhieu loai thue va nhieu nghia vu phong kien + Dan nghfeo t h a n h t h i (thg t h u cong, buon bdn nho, dan ngh^o, ) song ngh^o kho tam bg, chen chiic d ngoai + Cong nhan : Song cac t h i Idn, dieu kien song va lao dong ra't kho k h a n (lirang tha'p, cirdng dp lao dong cao, lam vi$c keo dai, ) Cau : T r i n h bay nhfing quan diem ccf ban ciia cac nha tvL ttfdng tien bp Phap cuo'i the ki X V I I I Vi nhCng quan diem da tich crfc chuan bi cho C U Q C each mang sSp t