∗ Time Division Multiple Access TDMA∗ Global System for Mobile Communications GSM was defined by ETSI in 1989 ∗ Based on the idea to break individual frequencies into 8 timeslots of 0.
Trang 3∗ Wireless communication is the transfer of information over
a distance without the use of enhanced electrical
Trang 4∗ Mobile Radio Telephone System
Trang 5∗ Introduced in the late 1970s and early 1980s
∗ Operates in the 900MHz frequency range
∗ Analog signal
∗ Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
1G
Trang 6∗ Breaks up the available frequency into 30 KHz channels
∗ Allocates a single channel to each phone call
∗ The device can then transmit on this channel
∗ No other device can share this channel even if the person is not
talking at the time
∗ A different channel is required to receive
∗ The voice/sound is transmitted as analogue data
1G - FDMA
Frequency
Trang 7∗ The available bandwidth of the common channel is divided
into bands that are separated by guard bands
∗ No sharing of the
frequency bands,
idle if not used
∗ High quality analog
filters or large guard
band required
1G - FDMA
Trang 8∗ Cellular Architecture
∗ Allows the area to be broken into smaller cells
∗ The mobile device then connects to the closest cell
Trang 9∗ Cellular architecture requires the available frequency to be distributed between the cells
∗ If 2 cells next to each other used the same frequency each
would interfere with each other
1G - Cellular
Cell
Cell
Trang 10∗ Cells with the same number have
the same set of frequencies
∗ Adjacent channel interference
can be controlled with transmit
and receive filters
1G - Cellular
Trang 11∗ Handover allows the user to move between cells
∗ After a certain distance the amount of data which is sent in
error becomes greater than the data sent correctly at this
point you need to connect to a new cell which is closer
Trang 12∗ Handover is decided upon by the BS
∗ All BS in the area of the current location are informed to start paging the device
∗ The BS with the strongest signal is then handed over
∗ The call can continue
∗ In reality a lot of calls were dropped while waiting for a
handover to take place
1G - Handover
BS1
Trang 13∗ Receive simple email messages
2G
Trang 14∗ Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
∗ Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) was defined
by ETSI in 1989
∗ Based on the idea to break individual frequencies into 8
timeslots of 0.577ms length (total 4.615ms)
∗ Each mobile device uses a particular slot different from slots
used by other users
2G - TDMA
Trang 152G - TDMAFrequency
Trang 16∗ Non-continuous transmission
∗ Guard times needed
∗ Data transmission in bursts
∗ Low battery consumption
∗ Easy handover because of
idle times
2G - TDMA
Trang 17∗ Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
∗ Each user is assigned a unique code,
which used to encode its data signal
∗ The receiver, knowing the code of
the user, decodes the received signal
and recovers the original data
2G - CMDA
Trang 18∗ Simple idea of communication with code
2G - CMDA
Trang 192G - CMDA
Trang 20∗ Decode
2G - CMDA
Trang 212G - Handover
Trang 22∗ GSM system introduced Subscriber Identity Card (SIM)
∗ A list of customized short dialing numbers
∗ Short message
∗ Names of preferred networks to
provide service
mobile device if he/she has already subscribed
to these services
2G - SIM
Trang 23∗ GPRS stands for General Packet Radio Service
∗ Also known as 2.5G
∗ Standard developed by ETSI and 3GPP
∗ Provides packet-switched capability to GSM networks
∗ Connects GSM networks to IP networks
∗ Theoretical maximum data rate of 171.2 Kbps
2.5G
Trang 25∗ Enhanced Data GSM Evolution (EDGE)
∗ Also known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS) or 2.75G
∗ The network architecture used is the same
as that of GPRS
∗ Enhanced modulation and
coding techniques yield
higher data rates
∗ Higher speed packet switching method
∗ Data transfers to around 237 kbps
2.75G
Trang 26∗ Short form of Third Generation
(not the IEEE 802.11 wireless network)
∗ Comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications
(IMT-2000)
∗ Application:
∗ Wireless voice telephony
∗ Mobile Internet access
∗ Fixed wireless Internet access
∗ Video calls and mobile TV
3G
Trang 27∗ Transmission allows both voice data and non-voice data (download, emails, instant
messages, photos, audio…) for fixed-line subscribers as well as “moving” subscribers.
∗ Multimedia services (high-quality music, video, image and digital television).
∗ Global Positioning Service (GPS), video streaming, high-ends games.
∗ Apply both Packet switching & Circuit switching
3G - Ability
Trang 28∗ Carried out by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the early 1980s (Develop in 15 years).
∗ The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in
1998.
∗ 2001: commercial version of the W-CDMA network.
∗ 2003: being used in Europe.
∗ 2007: being used in Maroc, Africa.
∗ 2009: Viet Nam started implemented 3G.
3G - History
Trang 29W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
CDMA 2000 Also known as C2K or IMT Multi Carrier (IMT MC) ‑ ‑
TD-CDMA Time Division - Code Division multiple access
TD-SCDMA Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
3G - Standard
Trang 30Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
Supports conventional cellular voice, text and MMS services, but can also carry data at high speeds.
Allowing mobile operators to deliver higher bandwidth applications including streaming and broadband Internet access.
Uses the same core network as the 2G GSM networks deployed worldwide, allowing dual mode mobile operation along with GSM/EDGE
CDMA 2000 Also known as C2K or IMT Multi Carrier (IMT MC) ‑ ‑
TD-CDMA Time Division - Code Division multiple access
TD-SCDMA Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
3G - Standard
Trang 31W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
CDMA 2000
Also known as C2K or IMT Multi Carrier (IMT MC) ‑ ‑
Use CDMA channel access, to send voice, data, and signaling data between mobile phones and cell sites
Evolution stage: CDMA2000 1X > CDMA2000 EV-DO Revision 0, A,
B, C > CDMA2000 EVDV
Relatively long technical history and is backward-compatible with its previous 2G iteration IS-95
TD-CDMA Time Division - Code Division multiple access
TD-SCDMA Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
3G - Standard
Trang 32W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
CDMA 2000 Also known as C2K or IMT Multi Carrier (IMT MC) ‑ ‑
TD-CDMA
Time Division - Code Division multiple access
Channel access method based on using spread spectrum multiple access (CDMA) across multiple time slots (TDMA).
This is a mixed of standard commercial application of TDMA and CDMA to provide better quality of service for multimedia
communications in both data transfer and audio, photo.
TD-SCDMA Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
3G - Standard
Trang 33W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
CDMA 2000 Also known as C2K or IMT Multi Carrier (IMT MC) ‑ ‑
TD-CDMA Time Division - Code Division multiple access
TD-SCDMA
Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
Being developed in China by the Datang and Siemens company as
an alternative to W-CDMA (not dependent on the standard of WCDMA or CDMA2000 with copyrighted money)
Using TDMA / TDD with adaptive CDMA
- Data rate up to 2 Mbs & Flexible uplink - downlink radio
- Large coverage: up to 40 Km.
- Spectrum optimum efficiency
3G - Standard
Trang 34∗ Stand for Global Positioning System.
∗ The GPS satellites transmit signals to a GPS receiver These
receivers passively receive satellite signals.
∗ GPS operations depend on a very accurate time reference,
which is provided by atomic clocks on board the satellites.
∗ When the receiver estimates the distance to at least four GPS satellites, it can calculate its position in three dimensions.
3G - GPS
Trang 35∗ GPS is only dependent on 3G for an initial fix to make it faster to acquire the satellites.
∗ Using a plain GPS receiver can leave you awaiting signal for an
accurate location for a very long time.
∗ 3G & Wifi to make sure the map is loaded, and know its rough
location due to being registered with local towers.
3G - GPS
Trang 36∗ Defined by the ITU (International Telecommunication
Union)
∗ 100 Mbps for high mobility service
∗ 1 Gbps for low mobility/fixed service
∗ Frequency band 2 to 8 GHz
4G - Definition
Trang 37∗ Support both TDD and FDD duplexing technologies with
UL/DL configurable ratios for both
∗ Network architecture will be all IP based
∗ Must utilize MIMO technology
∗ Latency:
∗ Data – 10 ms In both UL & DL
∗ Idle state to active state – 100 ms
4G - Definition
Trang 384G - Structure
Trang 40∗ LTE-Advanced standardized by the 3GPP
∗ WiMAX Release 2 standardized by IEEE
4G - Versions
Trang 41∗ OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
∗ MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
∗ IPv6.0
∗ SDR (Software Defined Radio)
4G - Technologies
Trang 42∗ High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit
∗ Affordable communication services
∗ Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, internet and other services
∗ Better spectral efficiency
4G - Advantage
Trang 43∗ Battery uses is more
∗ Hard to implement
∗ Need complicated hardware
4G - Disadvantage
Trang 44∗ Around the year 2020
∗ In 2008, the Korean IT R&D program of
"5G mobile communication systems”
∗ In 8 October 2012, the UK's University of
Surrey secured £35M for new 5G
research center
5G
Trang 45∗ It is a packet based network
∗ Around 1Gbps data rate
∗ Frequency band is 2.8GHz
∗ Lower battery consumption
∗ Not harmful to human health
5G
Trang 46∗ IPv6 increases the IP addresses
size from 32bit to 128 bits
∗ IPv6 support large number of
wireless enabled devices
∗ IPv6 extend the IP address
space enough to offer a unique
IP address to any device
IPv6 SUPPORT
Trang 47∗ High speed, high capacity, low cost
supporting almost 65,000 connections
better and fast solution
5G - BENEFITS
Trang 48Thank you for your listening!
Q&A