natural food composition in the pond and digestive tract of striped catfish (pangasianodon hypophthalmus) during nursery stage

CAN THO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES NATURAL FOOD COMPOSITION IN THE POND AND DIGESTIVE TRACT OF STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) DURING NURSERY STAGE By NGUYEN LAM PHUONG NGOC A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Aquaculture Can Tho, December 2013 CAN THO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AQUACULTURE AND FISHE RIES NATURAL FOOD COMPOSITION IN THE POND AND IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) DURING NURSERY STAGE By NGUYEN LAM PHUONG NGOC A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Aquaculture Science Supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. VU NGOC UT Can Tho, December 2013 APPROVEMENT The thesis “Natural food composition in the pond and digestive tract of Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) during nursery stage” defended by Nguyen Lam Phuong Ngoc, which was edited and passed by committee on December 27 th, 2013. Sign of Supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr Vu Ngoc Ut Sign of Student Nguyen Lam Phuong Ngoc ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I want to express my special thanks to my supervisor, Associate Professor Dr. Vu Ngoc Ut for being invaluable guidance, advice, and encouragement to my thesis completion. Many thanks are also given to all other teachers of the College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, and especially to those of the Department of Applied Hydrobiology for providing me with great working and learning conditions. I would love to express my sincere appreciation to miss Nguyen Hong Linh, master student of Aquaculture Course 19 for her unconditionally kind help throughout the experimental period. Last but not least, I really want to thank my academic adviser, Dr. Duong Thuy Yen, who was guiding and encouraging me over the last four years, and my family, my friends in Advance Aquaculture Class Course 35 for their great lifetime support which makes everything possible for me. Nguyen Lam Phuong Ngoc i ABSTRACT Study on natural food composition in the pond and in the digestive tract of Stripped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) during nursery stage served as base for improving and enhancing survival rate of fry stage. The study was carried out in Tien Thuy – Chau Thanh Hatchery of Ben Tre Seafood Import – Export Joint Stock Company during 28 nursery days; fifteen days collected sample in three nursery ponds. The samples were collected a day before stocking fish, everyday in the first week and three day intervals. The result obtained in nursery ponds showed that there were 140 species of zooplankton including 36 species of Protozoa, 56 species of Rotifera, 17 species of Cladocera, 30 species of Copepoda and Nauplii. In the water supply canal, 16 species of zooplankton were recorded includeding species of Protozoa, species of Rotifera, species of Cladocera, species of Copepoda and Nauplii. The density of zooplankton in the pond varied from 5,889 to 4,680,000 inds/m3 and in the water supply canal varied from 2,778 to 250,000 inds/m3. In the digestive tract of the fry, zooplankton groups were found. Rotifera accounted for 5.16%, Protozoa 0.15%, Cladocera 68.29%, Copepoda 24.15% and Nauplii 0.83%. Result from natural food in the digestive tract indicated that Cladocera was the most favorite food of Stripped Catfish in first seven days after stocking and during nursery stage. These results showed the abundant food selection of Stripped Catfish fry in nursery pond with many different natural food compositions. Keywords: Zooplankton, nursery stage, digestive tract. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . i ABSTRACT . ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES .v LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . vii CHAPTER INTRODUCTION .1 1.1 Background of study .1 1.2 Research objectives 1.3 Research contents .2 CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW . 2.1 Situation of Striped Catfish seed production in the Mekong delta 2.2 Biological characteristics of Striped Catfish 2.2.1 Classification 2.2.2 Distribution .4 2.2.3 Morphological characteristics .5 2.2.4 Nutritional characteristics .5 2.2.5 Growth characteristics .6 2.2.6 Reproductive characteristics 2.3 The role of natural food in aquaculture 2.3.1 Rotifer . 2.3.2 Copepoda 10 2.3.3 Cladocera 12 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY 14 3.1 Location 14 3.2 Time 14 3.3 Equipments 14 3.4 Sampling method .14 3.4.1 Fish specimens 14 3.4.2 Zooplankton sampling . 14 iii 3.4.2.1 Qualitative analysis .15 3.4.2.2 Quantitative analysis .15 3.5 Sample analysing method 15 3.5.1 Zooplankton analysis 15 3.5.1.1 Qualitative analysis .15 3.5.1.2 Quantitative analysis .15 3.5.2 Fish sampling analysis 16 3.6 The method for data analysis . 18 CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 19 4.1 Zooplankton species composition .19 4.1.1 Zooplankton composition in nursery ponds 19 4.1.2 Zooplankton composition the water supply canal 19 4.2 The density of zooplankton composition .20 4.2.1 The density of zooplankton composition in nursery ponds 20 4.2.2 The density of zooplankton composition in the water supply cannal 23 4.3 The zooplankton size in nursery pond 24 4.4 Mouth gap size of Striped Catfish in nursery stage 24 4.5 Natural food composition in the digestive tract in 28 nursery days 26 4.5.1 Frequency of food composition in digestive tract 26 4.5.2 Point counting of food composition in digestive tract 27 4.5.3 Combination point counting with frequency of food composition in digestive tract 25 4.5.4 Coefficiency of food choice of Striped Catfish in 28 nursery days .29 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION 30 5.1 Conclusions .30 5.2 Recommendation .30 REFERENCES 31 APPENDICES 34 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 The external image of Striped Catfish Figure 2.2 Some species of rotifer Figure 2.3 Some species of copepod Figure 2.4 Some species of cladocera Figure 4.1 The percentage of zooplankton species groups in nursery pond Figure 4.2 The percentage of zooplankton species groups in the water supply canal Figure 4.3 The density of zooplankton (inds/m3) in nursery pond Figure 4.4 The density of zooplankton (inds/m3) in the water supply canal Figure 4.5 Mouth gap size of Stripped Catfish fry (µm) in 28 nursery days v LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 Mouth gap size of Striped Catfish in nursery ponds Table 4.2 Frequency (%) and the rate (%) of food composition in digestive tract with age Table 4.3 Analysing result of point counting of food composition in digestive tract in 28 nursery stage Table 4.4 Analysing result of food composition in digestive tract by combination point counting with frequency Table 4.5 Coefficiency of food choice of fry in 28 nursery days v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS µm Micrometer Fig Figure Inds Individuals Kg Kilogram Min Minimum Max Maximum v Copepoda Cyclops sp Eucyclops agilis Limnoncaea gennuina Megacyclops viridis Pseudodiaptomus ishigakiensis Skistodiaptomus pallidus Thermocycops hyalinus Total Nauplii TOTAL 1,926.27 723.82 1,522.57 547.79 56 134.81 1,729.65 6640,91 156.725 22,837.28 8.43 3.17 6.67 2.40 0.25 0.59 7.57 29.08 0.69 100 Point 349.96 0.00 1.00 1.00 48.00 50.00 % Point 2.26 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.31 0.32 80.38 59.46 6.70 69.04 4.48 0.52 0.38 0.04 0.45 0.03 Pond Food items Organic debris Protozoa Arcella vulgaris Difflugia oblonga Paramecium aurelia Tintinidium fluviatile Total Rotifera Anuraeopsis fissa Brachionus angularis Brachionus caudatus Brachionus falcatus Brachionus forficula Brachionus quadridentatus cluniorbicularis Brachionus quadridentatus rhenanus Keratella valga Keratella testuda Polyarthra vulgaris Total Cladocera Bosmina coregoni Daphnia pulex Diaphanosoma brachyurum Moina brachiata Moina dubia Moina macrocopa 497.46 60.80 39.50 101.00 47.35 966.17 285.33 507.58 22.15 292.33 2,803.76 1,485.74 61 3.21 0.39 0.26 0.65 0.31 6.24 1.84 3.28 0.14 1.89 18.12 9.60 Moinodaphnia macleayi Moina sp Total Copepoda Cyclops sp Eucyclops agilis Limnoncaca genvina Megacyclops viridis Mesocyclops oithonoides Pseudodiaptomus ishigakiensis Skistodiaptomus pallidus Thermocycops hyalinus Total Nauplii TOTAL 1,492.62 2,899.97 9,789.48 9.64 18.74 63.26 1,381.60 222.94 1,107.86 102.00 28.00 165.45 68.26 1,049.76 4,125.86 194.26 15,475.74 8.93 1.44 7.16 0.66 0.18 1.07 0.44 6.78 26.66 1.26 100.00 Appendix B3: Natural food composition in digestive tract of Striped Catfish (combination point counting method and frequency) Pond Food items Organic debris Protozoa Rotifera Cladocera Copepoda Nauplii TOTAL Frequency (%) 61.54 30.77 76.92 100.00 76.92 61.54 % Point 0.76 0.06 3.56 54.64 40.51 0.48 Product % Product 185.74 1.60 0.75 0.01 192.63 1.66 5.875.75 50.62 5.338.27 45.99 15.23 0.13 11,608.36 100.00 Pond Food items Organic debris Protozoa Rotifera Cladocera Copepoda Nauplii TOTAL Frequency (%) 61.54 23.08 69.23 100.00 84.62 69.23 % Point 0.91 0.11 2.86 47.42 48.20 0.50 62 Product 142.82 3.47 167.49 3,518.58 4,854.01 10.11 8,696.48 % Product 1.64 0.04 1.93 40.46 55.82 0.12 100.00 Pond Food items Organic debris Protozoa Rotifera Cladocera Copepoda Nauplii TOTAL Frequency (%) 61.54 30.77 36.67 100.00 84.62 53.85 % Point 1.39 0.2 3.85 38.99 54.79 0.77 Product % Product 224.12 2.38 8.18 0.09 172.25 1.83 3,641.22 38.73 5,337.44 56.78 17.55 0.19 9,400.76 100.00 Appendix C. The size of zooplankton phylum observed in the pond and in the digestive tract Size (µm) Orders/Species Protozoa 346.67±119.43 Actinobolina radians Actinosphaerium eichhornii 300.00 Arcella discoides 2,151.00±16.76 Arcella megastoma 248.10±132.65 Arcella vulgaris 248.10±132.65 124.00±59.24 Bursaridium schewakoffi Centropyxis constricta 720.00 290.00±135.80 Centropyxis ecornis Codonodendron ocellatum 120.00 Cothurnia imberbis 120.00 Difflugia acuminata 1,365.00±442.29 257.50±80.49 Difflugia lebes 288.00±126.60 Difflugia oblonga 63 1,065.00±590.29 Frontinia leucas 25,766.67±4,055.04 Homalozoon vermiculare 935.00±515.89 Ophrydium eichhorni Paeudomicrothorax agilis 160.00 Paramecium aurelia 189.50±49.47 Paramecium trichium 164.00±33.62 740.00±201.99 Pelomyxa palustris 17,821.00±292.72 Physalophrya spumosa Pontigulasia vas 223.33±92.92 Prorodon teres 148.00±46.93 77.50±35.00 Rhabdostyla pyriformis Spathidium spathula 300.00 7,425.00±106.07 Spirostomum minus 4,425.00±1,053.17 Spirostomum teres Stentor roesali 166.15±69.23 Tintinidium fluviatile 217.37±99.82 Tintinnposis cylindrata 535.00±143.21 Tracheleuglypha dentata 356.67±120.14 3,365.73±597.65 Urostyla trichogaster Rotifera 604.5±282.12 Anuraeopsis fissa 525.00±186.98 Brachionus angularis Brachionus brevispinis 1,378.50±522.58 64 3,841.43±759.75 Brachionus calicyforus 470.00±178.30 Brachionus caudatus 1,577.50±439.28 Brachionus caudatus provectus 564.00±239.77 Brachionus diversicornis Brachionus falcatus 1,104.50±626.71 Brachionus forficula 524.00±169.75 Brachionus forficula.f.angularis 390.00±128.29 1,433.33±213.85 Brachionus forficula.f.asymetrica Brachionus havanaensis 757.00±132.99 Brachionus havanaensis minesotensis 908.00±260.05 Brachionus quadridentatus 878.00±276.57 Brachionus quadridentatus brevispinus 1,000.00 Brachionus quadridentatus cluniorbicularis 2,511.00±492.83 Brachionus quadridentatus rhenanus 2,540.50±424.95 Brachionus sp 1,104.00±609.95 571.50±154.55 Brachionus urceolaris Euchlanis dilatata 715.00±91.92 Keratella quadrata 630.00±131.53 Keratella testuda 667.50±197.85 Keratella tropica 614.29±189.90 Keratella valga 648.50±239.02 Filinia longiseta 806.67±364.90 Filinia opoliensis 495.00±141.77 65 Filinia sp 660.50±259.67 Filinia terminalis 837.50±332.34 Lecane mira 837.50±332.34 Ascomorpha ecaudis 480.00±678.82 Testudinella aspis 909.50±205.23 Testudinella patina 721.00±113.69 3,427.06±483.75 Testudinella sp Trichocerca cylindrica 550.00 Trichocera longiseta 292.51±53.07 Trichocera pusilla 412.51±70.04 Trichocera rattus 379.09±160.15 Trichocera rousseleti 312.00±120.68 Ploesoma truncatum 963.52±20.84 Polyarthra remata 310.50±231.80 Polyarthra vulgaris 334.50±160.38 Polyarthra remata 334.50±160.38 Pseudoploesoma formosum 328.50±113.52 Moina 19,776.00±7,616.40 Moina brachiata 16,111.58±536.19 Moina dubia Moina macrocopa 15,201.50±5,089.00 Moina sp 139,748.00±795.72 Moinodaphnia macleayi 32,987.57±545.20 Ceriodaphnia dubia 4,931.00±1,331.50 66 4,343.75±1,266.04 Ceriodaphnia lacustris Ceriodaphnia quadragula 22,900.00±3,178.72 Daphnia pulex 8,654.00±3.240.42 Diaphanosoma brachyurum 6,861.25±2,079.98 Bosmina coregoni 4,757.00±2,086.03 Bosmina longirostris 3,750.00 3,570.00±1,506.66 Alonella globulosa 28,292.51±4,561.64 Polyphemus pediculus 715.00±309.49 Nauplii Copepoda Copepoda Acartia tonsa 5,602.00±1,059.35 Canthocamptus staphylinus 4,345.26±1,153.72 Cyclops sp 3,960.00±1,340.83 Cyclops strenuus 4,792.50±1,060.86 3,541.43±994.16 Cyclops vicinus Cyclops vernalis 3,922.67±1,177.12 Eodiaptomus japonicus 3,977.22±1,407.49 Eucyclops agilis 4,685.00±1,400.65 Eucyclops elegans 3,000.00 Eucyclops parasinus 6,000.00 Eucyclop serrulatus 4,890.00±381.84 5,108.00±1,953.98 Limnoncaca gennuina 3,206.00±644.71 Limnoithona tetraspina 67 Macrocyclos fuscus 3,505.50±914.77 Megacyclops viridis 10,980.00±3,283.14 4,700.00±1,165.29 Mesocyclos edax Mesocyclops oithonoides 4,784.50±850.92 Mycrocyclops varicans 3,078.50±542.27 14,406.67±7,724.57 Pseudodiaptomus ishigakiensis Pseudochrella pustilifera 14,140.00 Skistodiaptomus pallidus 28,385.15±12,166.00 5,710.00±438.41 Sinocalanus laevidactylus 11,639.54±845.72 Thermocycops hyalinus Thermocyclops taihokuensis 11,760.00 68 Appendix D: Mouth gap size (µm) of Striped Catfish during 28 nursery days Inds 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Day Pond Pond Pond 240.42 240.42 240.42 254.56 254.56 254.56 240.42 240.42 240.42 254.56 254.56 254.56 240.42 240.42 240.42 254.56 254.56 254.56 240.42 240.42 240.42 254.56 254.56 254.56 240.42 240.42 240.42 254.56 254.56 254.56 240.42 240.42 240.42 254.56 254.56 254.56 240.42 240.42 240.42 254.56 254.56 254.56 240.42 240.42 240.42 254.56 254.56 254.56 254.56 254.56 254.56 240.42 240.42 240.42 254.56 254.56 254.56 240.42 240.42 240.42 240.42 240.42 240.42 254.56 254.56 254.56 254.56 254.56 254.56 240.42 240.42 240.42 254.56 254.56 254.56 240.42 240.42 240.42 240.42 240.42 240.42 Day Pond Pond 268.70 268.70 296.98 296.98 268.70 268.70 296.98 296.98 268.70 268.70 254.56 254.56 296.98 296.98 282.84 282.84 268.70 268.70 282.84 282.84 254.56 254.56 282.84 282.84 254.56 254.56 268.70 268.70 282.84 282.84 268.70 268.70 282.84 282.84 268.70 268.70 282.84 282.84 254.56 254.56 268.70 268.70 254.56 254.56 282.84 282.84 268.70 268.70 254.56 254.56 282.84 282.84 254.56 254.56 69 Day Pond Pond Pond Pond 268.70 735.39 919.24 608.11 296.98 919.24 876.81 707.11 268.70 735.39 721.25 848.53 296.98 777.82 1,032.38 848.53 268.70 848.53 848.53 848.53 254.56 919.24 919.24 707.11 296.98 777.82 678.82 707.11 282.84 707.11 919.24 777.82 268.70 678.82 848.53 919.24 282.84 848.53 678.82 565.69 254.56 848.53 989.95 820.24 282.84 919.24 749.53 777.82 254.56 876.81 707.11 707.11 268.70 806.10 664.68 707.11 282.84 664.68 1,131.37 707.11 268.70 707.11 919.24 636.40 282.84 735.39 565.69 735.39 268.70 777.82 919.24 608.11 282.84 777.82 707.11 721.25 254.56 848.53 777.82 735.39 268.70 848.53 848.53 763.68 254.56 848.53 848.53 749.53 282.84 848.53 608.11 749.53 268.70 820.24 848.53 848.53 254.56 777.82 608.11 636.40 282.84 919.24 890.95 636.40 254.56 890.95 848.53 707.11 28 29 30 Inds 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 254.56 240.42 254.56 Day Pond 848.53 919.24 707.11 848.53 876.81 848.53 989.95 890.95 721.25 834.39 989.95 1,032.38 989.95 848.53 961.67 919.24 961.67 777.82 961.67 848.53 848.53 707.11 707.11 890.95 707.11 254.56 240.42 254.56 254.56 240.42 254.56 282.84 268.70 268.70 282.84 268.70 268.70 Day Pond Pond Pond 749.53 777.82 1,131.37 791.96 749.53 1,046.52 820.24 777.82 989.95 848.53 848.53 961.67 848.53 890.95 989.95 989.95 890.95 890.95 848.53 919.24 989.95 777.82 848.53 1,060.66 848.53 848.53 975.81 777.82 848.53 1,060.66 848.53 749.53 989.95 947.52 707.11 989.95 919.24 919.24 989.95 707.11 848.53 989.95 989.95 919.24 1,131.37 749.53 919.24 989.95 749.53 777.82 1,060.66 707.11 777.82 1,131.37 707.11 848.53 1,131.37 848.53 721.25 1,131.37 707.11 777.82 1,131.37 848.53 947.52 975.81 919.24 919.24 1,060,66 989.95 876.81 1,060,66 707.11 820.24 1,131.37 70 Pond 989.95 989.95 989.95 1,060.66 1,131.37 1,032.38 777.82 1,131.37 1,131.37 1,060.66 919.24 1,131.37 1,131.37 1,131.37 919.24 1,060.66 989.95 989.95 1,159.66 1,131.37 1,159.66 1,131.37 1,060.66 1,074.80 989.95 282.84 268.70 268.70 848.53 707.11 848.53 919.24 820.24 848.53 989.95 848.53 636.40 Day Pond Pond Pond 1,131.37 1,343.50 919.24 1,159.66 1,131.37 1,074.80 1,131.37 1,060.66 989.95 1,060.66 1,202.08 1,032.38 1,131.37 1,103.09 919.24 989,95 1,343.50 1,074.80 1,131.37 1,202.08 947.52 1,060.66 1,103.09 919.24 1,131.37 1,088.94 1,018.23 848.53 1,103.09 1,202.08 919.24 1,103.09 1,131.37 1,131.37 1,343.50 1,272.79 1,131.37 1,131.37 1,230.37 1,131.37 1,272.79 1,060.66 1,131.37 1,230.37 1,060.66 1,131.37 1,060.66 1,060.66 1,272.79 1,244.51 1,131.37 1,088.94 1,117.23 1,272.79 1,272.79 1,131.37 1,301.08 989.95 1,060.66 1,060.66 1,216.22 1,131.37 1,060.66 1,230.37 1,088.94 1,202.08 1,060.66 1,272.79 1,018.23 1,202.08 1,060.66 1,131.37 989.95 1,117.23 1,202.08 Pond 1,343.50 1,060.66 989.95 1,202.08 1,131.37 1,131.37 1,272.79 1,272.79 1,202.08 1,202.08 1,272.79 1,272.79 1,159.66 1,272.79 1,202.08 1,301.08 1,414.14 1,131.37 1,272.79 1,272.79 1,556.35 1,414.14 1,272.79 1,202.08 1,131.37 26 27 28 29 30 Inds 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 820.24 735.39 848.53 975.81 989.95 777.82 848.53 848.53 989.95 1,060.66 947.52 777.82 848.53 1,060.66 989.95 876.81 848.53 862.67 1,060.66 1,131.37 735.39 919.24 933.38 989.95 1,060.66 Day Day Pond Pond Pond Pond Pond Pond 1,060.66 1,216.22 1,272.79 1,343.503 1,343.503 1,315.219 1,131.37 1,272.79 1,131.37 1,343.503 1,329.361 1,329.361 1,131.37 1,216.22 1,202.08 1,385.929 1,343.503 1,329.361 1,060.66 1,202.08 1,272.79 1,343.503 1,329.361 1,343.503 1,244.51 1,202.02 1,202.08 1,414.214 1,357.645 1,315.219 1,202.08 1,216.22 1,202.08 1,414.214 1,343.503 1,329.361 1,216.22 1,202.08 1,272.79 1,428.356 1,343.503 1,315.219 1,202.08 1,272.79 1,216.22 1,414.214 1,343.503 1,315.219 1,131.37 1,202.08 1,131.37 1,414.214 1,357.645 1,329.361 1,060.66 1,216.22 1,272.79 1,414.214 1,329.361 1,343.503 1,131.37 1,202.08 1,131.37 1,414.214 1,343.503 1,343.503 1,216.22 1,216.22 1,216.22 1,414.214 1,343.503 1,329.361 1,202.08 1,272.79 1,202.08 1,442.498 1,343.503 1,315.219 1,202.08 1,216.22 1,272.79 1,414.214 1,385.929 1,343.503 1,060.66 1,202.08 1,216.22 1,343.503 1,357.645 1,329.361 1,131.37 1,272.79 1,202.08 1,414.214 1,315.219 1,315.219 1,060.66 1,202.08 1,272.79 1,414.214 1,329.361 1,343.503 1,131.37 1,202.08 1,216.22 1,414.214 1,357.645 1,343.503 1,202.08 1,202.01 1,202.08 1,414.214 1,414.214 1,329.361 1,216.22 1,216.22 1,272.79 1,414.214 1,357.645 1,315.219 1,131.37 1,202.08 1,202.08 1,414.214 1,371.787 1,329.361 1,131.37 1,202.01 1,216.22 1,414.214 1,315.219 1,343.503 1,060.66 1,202.08 1,202.08 1,442.498 1,371.87 1,315.219 1,216.22 1,202.00 1,202.08 1,414.214 1,343.503 1,343,503 71 989.95 989.95 1,060.66 1,131.37 989.95 1,131.37 1,088.94 1,117.23 1,202.08 1,272.79 1,272.79 1,272.79 1,343.50 1,131.37 1,202.08 1,272.79 1,272.79 1,202.08 1,272.79 989.95 25 26 27 28 29 30 Inds 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1,202.08 1,131.37 1,216.22 1,060.66 1,131.37 1,202.08 Day 10 Pond 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,442.50 1,428.36 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,428.36 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,202.08 1,202.05 1,202.02 1,202.08 1,202.00 1,202.08 Pond 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,428.36 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,428.36 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,202.01 1,202.01 1,202.08 1,202.08 1,272.79 1,216.22 Pond 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,428.36 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,428.36 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,428.36 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.214 1,414.214 1,414.214 1,414.214 1,414.214 1,414.214 Day 13 Pond 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,272.79 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,371.787 1,357.645 1,371.787 1,329.361 1,343.503 1,329.361 Pond 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,272.79 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,272.79 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,272.79 1,272.79 1,414.21 1,414.21 72 1,329.361 1,329.361 1,315.219 1,329.361 1,343.503 1,343.503 Pond 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,272.79 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,131.37 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,414.21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Inds 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.42 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 Day 16 Pond 1,456.64 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,456.64 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,428.36 1,414.21 Pond 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,428.36 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,272.79 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,555.63 1,414.21 1,414.21 1,272.79 Pond 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 Day 19 Pond 1,456.64 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,456.64 Pond 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 Pond 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 73 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Inds 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 Day 22 Pond 1,492.00 1,499.07 1,492.00 1,499.07 1,492.00 1,499.07 1,499.07 1,492.00 1,499.07 1,492.00 1,499.07 1,492.00 1,499.07 1,492.00 1,499.07 1,492.00 1,499.07 1,492.00 1,456.64 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 Pond 1,510.38 1,511.79 1,510.38 1,499.07 1,513.21 1,513.21 1,516.04 1,499.07 1,513.21 2,432.45 1,516.04 1,499.07 1,513.21 1,499.07 1,513.21 1,499.07 1,499.07 1,516.04 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,456.64 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,484.92 1,470.78 1,470.78 1,484.92 Pond 1,527.35 1,541.49 1,527.35 1,541.49 1,527.35 1,541.49 1,527.35 1,541.49 1,527.35 1,541.49 1,527.35 1,541.49 1,527.35 1,541.49 1,527.35 1,540.08 1,538.66 1,527.35 Day 25 Pond 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 5,656.85 4,242.64 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 5,656.85 4,242.64 2,828.43 5,656.85 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 4,242.64 Pond 4,242.64 2,828.43 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 4,242.64 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 4,242.64 Pond 5,656.85 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 74 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Inds 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1,499.07 1,492.00 1,499.07 1,499.07 1,499.07 1,492.00 1,499.07 1,499.07 1,492.00 1,499.07 1,492.00 1,499.07 1,517.45 1,510.38 1,511.79 1,499.07 1,516.04 1,499.07 1,513.21 1,513.21 1,516.04 1,499.07 1,516.04 1,499.07 1,540.08 1,541.49 1,541.49 1,538.66 1,527.35 1,541.49 1,541.49 1,527.35 1,540.08 1,541.49 1,538.66 1,541.49 Day 28 Pond 4,242.64 4,242.64 5,656.85 5,656.85 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 5,656.85 4,242.64 4,242.64 Pond 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 5,656.85 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 Pond 5,656.85 7,071.07 5,656.85 4,242.64 5,656.85 5,656.85 4,242.64 7,071.07 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 7,071.07 5,656.85 4,242.64 7,071.07 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 4,242.64 2,828.43 4,242.64 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 75 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 5,656.85 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 5,656.85 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 5,656.85 4,242.64 2,828.43 5,656.85 2,828.43 4,242.64 4,242.64 2,828.43 4,242.64 2,828.43 4,242.64 2,828.43 2,828.43 76 [...]... researches on the composition of fish food during nursery stage, they still are not complete This problem needs more investigable research in order to ensure the survival and growth rate of fish The experiments on Natural food composition in the pond and digestive tract of Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) during nursery stage will identify natural food ingredients for nursery stage Besides,... some information about the efficiency of natural food in aquaculture 1.2 Research objectives To investigate the composition of natural food in the ponds and digestive tract of striped catfish during the nursery stage to serve as base for providing appropriate feeding regimes to improve survival rate of fish fingerlings 1.3 Research contents - Investigation on natural food composition (zooplankton) in the. .. difference among 3 nursery ponds (P>0.05) The min mouth opening size of Striped Catfish was 240.42 µm The max mouth opening size was from 5,656.85 to 7,071.07 µm 4.5 Natural food composition in digestive tract in 28 nursery days 4.5.1 Frequency of food composition in digestive tract The result of analyzing natural composition in digestive tract in 28 nursery days showed that appearance frequency of Cladocera... Point counting method: include 5 steps Step 1: convention of the foods in stomach - The smallest size food which was measured in stomach was conventionalised 1 point - The larger size food was calculated base on the number of standard points Step 2: combine points and numbers Call n is the point of sighting food (i) in the stomach A is combination of points and numbers Ai = n i x a i Step 3: combine... gradually the end of nursery stage At the end of nursery stage, the density of natural food in pond decreased significantly ( . METHODOLOGY 14 3.1 Location 14 3.2 Time 14 3.3 Equipments 14 3 .4 Sampling method 14 3 .4. 1 Fish specimens 14 3 .4. 2 Zooplankton sampling 14 iv 3 .4. 2.1 Qualitative analysis 15 3 .4. 2.2. CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 19 4. 1 Zooplankton species composition 19 4. 1.1 Zooplankton composition in nursery ponds 19 4. 1.2 Zooplankton composition the water supply canal 19 4. 2 The. zooplankton size in nursery pond 24 4. 4 Mouth gap size of Striped Catfish in nursery stage 24 4. 5 Natural food composition in the digestive tract in 28 nursery days 26 4. 5.1 Frequency of food composition