Tentative Grammar Guiding Questions I. General questions: 1. What are the types of sentence structure? 2. What are the parts of speech? Give examples. 3. What is the difference between the closed-system items and open-class ones? II. Nouns and noun phrases 4. Discuss noun classes 5. What is the basis for classifying determiners? 6. Name the groups of determiners. 7. Discuss the number classes in English 8. Clarify the double genitive in English 9. What are the components of a basic noun phrase? 10. What are the components of a complex noun phrase? 11. What is the main difference between a basic noun phrase and a complex noun phrase? 12. What is the difference between restrictive and nonrestrictive modification? 13. Discuss the difference in modification between” A timid man” and” A man who is afraid” 14. What is the difference between restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses? 15. Discuss multiple modification. 16. What is the relative sequence of premodifiers? III. Verbs and verb phrases 17. How are English verbs classified? 18. What are the verb forms and how are they used? 19. What are the “marginal modal auxiliaries” and why are they so called? 20. What is the relationship between tense and aspect? 21. Is it true that English has only two tenses: past and present? 22. How is the future expressed in English? 23. Discuss the distinction between dynamic and stative verbs 24. What is the difference between “I will help her” and “ I will be helping her” 25. What is the difference between “I think it’ll rain tonight” and “It is going to rain tonight” 26. State the uses of the modal auxiliaries 27. What is the difference between” He ‘will it, what ever you say” and “he ‘shall it, what ever you say”? 28. State the use of the perfect progressive in “He has been eating my chocolates” 29. Explain the TIMELESS use of the present tense 30. What is meant in “He is always ringing me up when I am in the bathroom” 31. What are the different types of multi-word verbs? Give examples. 32. What are the differences between a phrasal verbs and a prepositional verb? 33. Some multi-word verbs consist of a verb followed by two particles: To put up with. Can you find more verbs like that? 34. A sentence like “He looked at the girl” can be analysed in two different ways. What are they? 35. Discuss the complementation of intensive verbs 36. What are the three classes of verbs in the main clause that involve a finite clause as direct object? Give examples. 37. What is the difference between” I remembered to fill out the form” and” I remembered filling out the form”? 38. Discuss the complementation of ditransitive verbs. 39. Discuss the complementation of complex transitive verbs. IV. Simple sentences 40. What are the clause elements and how are they realised? 41. What are the clause patterns? 42. In what way are clause elements obligatory to the clause structure? 43. How are the seven clause types distinguished from one another? 44. What are the syntactic features of clause elements 45. What are the semantic roles of clause elements? 46. What is the difference in terms of semantic role between the underlined words in” I looked into her big round eyes but I saw nothing special in there” 47. What is the typical semantic role of the direct and indirect object? 48. What is the semantic role of the underlined words? “I paid her a visit” 49. What is the semantic role of the underlined word? “He’s having a bath” 50. Discuss NOTIONAL concord. 51. Explain the use of the underlined verbs in “Either your eyesight or your brakes were at fault” and “Either your brakes or eyesight was at fault” 52. Explain the use of the singular verb in “The hammer and the sickle was flying from a tall flag pole” 53. The sentence” I don’t love you because you are rich” can be open to more than one interpretation. What are they? 54. The sentence “Harry didn’t attack the Labour Government” can be interpreted in three different ways according to the different stress placement. True or false? 55. What is negated (main verb or auxiliary verb) in the following sentences?” You may not smoke in here” and “ She may not come if it rains again this afternoon” 56. How are simple sentences classified according to their communicative purposes? V. Complex sentences 57. What is the difference between subordination and coordination? 58. How is subordination indicated? 59. How are dependent clauses classified? 60. What are the possible functions of THAT-clauses? 61. Is the underlined part a nominal That-clause? “ Everyone that thinks so is not necessarily conceited” 62. What are the possible functions of the WHinterrogative clauses? 63. What are the possible functions of the nominal relative clauses? 64. What are the possible functions of Ing-participle clauses? 65. How are adverbial clauses classified? 66. Explain the ambiguity that might arise in the sentence” He loves the dog more than his wife” 67. Is the sentence “ The long journey over, we relaxed in the warm sunshine” simple or complex? 68. How many dependent clauses are there in the following sentence “ What I want to say was, as I didn’t know whether you were going to say that you could come or you couldn’t, could you make it the following Saturday?”? 69. What is the difference between the relative clause and the appositive clause? 70. Is that true that to some extent a complex sentence is a simple sentence, whose elements are realised differently? . restrictive and non- restrictive modification? 13. Discuss the difference in modification between” A timid man” and” A man who is afraid” 14. What is the difference between restrictive and non- restrictive. again this afternoon” 56. How are simple sentences classified according to their communicative purposes? V. Complex sentences 57. What is the difference between subordination and coordination? 58 subordination indicated? 59. How are dependent clauses classified? 60. What are the possible functions of THAT-clauses? 61. Is the underlined part a nominal That-clause? “ Everyone that thinks so