Tập bài giảng từ vựng thực hành

TẬP BÀI GIẢNG TỪ VỰNG THỰC HÀNH LỜI NÓI ĐẦU Giáo trình Từ vựng thực hành Tiếng Anh (Vocabulary in use) biên soạn nhằm nâng cao chất lượng giảng dạy học tập học phần Từ vựng thực hành Tiếng Anh, đặc biệt khả giao tiếp tiếng Anh cho sinh viên chuyên ngành Tiếng Anh trường Cao đẳng Vĩnh Phúc, tác giả mong muốn chọn lựa chắt lọc nội dung phù hợp cho sinh viên nghiên cứu học phần Từ vựng thực hành. Giúp sinh viên hệ thống lại kiến thức từ vựng theo chủ điẻm, đồng thời phát triển thêm kỹ khác như: đọc, viết chủ đề thông dụng sống học tập. Củng cố phất triển lực thực hành vốn từ vựng phong phú với tình giao tiếp tiếng Anh tiếp thu vận dụng kiến thức học vào việc nghiên cứu phát triển nghề nghiệp tương lai. Trên sở chắt lọc nghiên cứu nội dung phù hợp với trình độ sinh viên chuyên ngành Tiếng Anh năm thứ nhất- học kỳ I (trình độ B1, chuẩn Khung tham chiếu lực Châu Âu) - tương đương với 03 đơn vị học trình, tác giả biên soạn tập giảng với mong muốn giúp sinh viên chuyên Tiếng Anh trường Cao đẳng Vĩnh Phúc có tài liệu học tập phù hợp với học phần Từ vựng thực hành (Học thực hành từ vựng Tiếng Anh chuyên sâu hiệu quả). Nội dung tập giảng nghiên cứu tập trung vào phần như: 1. Giới thiệu mục tiêu học (Objectives). 2. Nội dung học (Contents): - Chủ điểm: People and daily lifes; working and earning; inventions and discoveries; nature and and the universe; fun and games; buying and selling; friends and relations; problems and solutions. - Nội dung học cụ thể sau: Topic vocabulary (Từ vựng theo chủ đề), Word formation (Cấu tạo từ), Word patterns (Cấu trúc từ), Prepositional phrases (Cụm giới từ), Phrasal verbs (Cụm động từ), Practice (Thực hành thông qua tập). TABLE OF CONTENTS UNITS UNIT CONTENTS PEOPLE AND DAILY LIFE 1.1. Objectives 1.2. Contents PAGES 1- Topic vocabulary, word formation, word patterns, prepositional phrases, phrasal verbs, UNIT 1.3. Practice 1.4. Further practice WORKING AND EARNING 2.1. Objectives 2.2. Contents 10- 17 Topic vocabulary, word formation, word patterns, prepositional phrases, phrasal verbs, UNIT 2.3. Practice 2.4. Further practice INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES 3.1. Objectives 3.2. Contents Topic vocabulary, word formation, word patterns, prepositional phrases, phrasal verbs, 3.3. Practice 18- 28 3.4. UNIT Further practice NATURE AND THE UNIVERSE 4.1. Objectives 4.2. Contents 29- 36 Topic vocabulary, word formation, word patterns, prepositional phrases, phrasal verbs, UNIT 4.3. Practice 4.4. Further practice FUN AND GAMES 5.1. Objectives 5.2. Contents 37- 45 Topic vocabulary, word formation, word patterns, prepositional phrases, phrasal verbs, UNIT 5.3. Practice 5.4. Further practice BUYING AND SELLING 6.1. Objectives 6.2. Contents Topic vocabulary, word formation, word patterns, prepositional phrases, phrasal verbs, 6.3. Practice 6.4. Further practice 46- 54 UNIT FRIENDS AND RELATIONS 7.1. Objectives 7.2. Contents 55- 62 Topic vocabulary, word formation, word patterns, prepositional phrases, phrasal verbs, UNIT 7.3. Practice 7.4. Further practice PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS 8.1. Objectives 8.2. Contents 63- 70 Topic vocabulary, word formation, word patterns, prepositional phrases, phrasal verbs, 8.3. Practice 8.4. Further practice STOP AND CHECKS 71- 75 A sample test 76- 79 Revision 80- 82 References 83 UNIT 1: PEOPLE AND DAILY LIFE 1.1. OBJECTIVES - In this Unit, the vocabulary will be revised in details through family word, exercises and texts. - The block of vocabulary that relates to the unit and focuses on the word formation of people and objects. - Providing the context for revising the present and present continuous (for things happening now) and practice some sentence patterns to present a new vocabulary group. 1.2. CONTENTS 1.2.1. Topic vocabulary Topic vocabulary is the part of speeches that relate to the following admit (v) habit (n) routine (n, adj) arrest (v) identity card (Np) schedule (n) charity (n) illegal (adj) situation (n) commit (v) politics (n) social (adj) community (n) population (n) society (n) court (n) prison (n) steal (v) criminal (adj, n) protest (n, v) tradition (n) culture (n) resident (n) typical (adj) familiar (n) responsible (adj) vote (v, n) government (n) rob (v) youth club (np) 1.2.2. Verb phrases break into: enter illegal catch up (with): reach the same point/ level as get away with: escape punishment for get up: leave your bed move in: start living in a new house, tec put away: return sth to where it belongs wake up: stop being asleep wash up: wash plates, cups, cutlery, etc. prepositional phrases: against the law at the age of in public in response to in touch with in your teens/ twenties/ etc 1.2.3. Prepositional phrases against the law at the age of in public in response to in touch (with) in your teens/ twenties/ etc. 1.2.4. Word formation agree: agreement, disagree life: live, alive belief: believe, (un)believable nation: nationality, (inter)national courage: courageous peace: peaceful(ly) elect: election prison: prisoner equal: equality, unequal shoot: shot, shooting 1.2.5. Word patterns Adjectives: angry with sb about Verbs: forget about guilty of forgive sb for accuse sb of invite sb to blame sb for punish sb for blame sth on share sth with criticise sb for smile at 1.3. PRACTICE Exrcise 1: circle the correct word. 1. It is illegal/ familiar to drive without wearing a seatbell? 2. Bob is very typical/ responsible. You can trust him completely. 3. The area where I live has a lot of illegal/ social problem. 4. Her face looked responsible/ familiar but I wasn’t sure who he was. 5. It was just another typical/ social day at the office. Exercise 2: Complete by changing the form of the word in capitals. 1. Running after that thief was very .of you! COURAGE 2. You looked so when you fell asleep on the sofa. PEACE 3. All four of my grandparents are still LIVE 4. Did you vote in the last ? ElECT 5. It can be very difficult for .when they leave prison and go back into the community. PRISON Exericise 3: Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words. 15. Let's throw these old clothes away. rid Let's. ………………………these old clothes. 16. I don't think people should drive fast through the town centre. approve I don't ……………… fast through the town centre. 17. Do you think that ghosts exist? believe Do you . ghosts? 18. You should solve that problem as quickly as you can. sort You should. ………… . as quickly as you can. 19. I'm afraid we haven't got any sandwiches left. run I'm afraid ………………. sandwiches. 20. How should teachers handle badly-behaved students? deal How should teachers. ………………badly-behaved students? 21. If you're not careful, you'll fall! watch If you ………………… you'll fall! 22. I wouldn't buy that computer if I were you. advise I wouldn't ……………………. that computer 23. I can't understand why Jake would have said that. work I can't why Jake would have said that. 24. You can always trust Souli. rely You can always. ……………………………Souli. Exericise 4: Choose the correct answer. 25. I'll buy a ticket as soon as I ………… my pocket money. A. will get C. get B. would get D. got 26. The food was great, .it was very 29. We're going to have. . down. A. knocked that wall C. knocking that wall B. that wall knocking D. that wall knocked 30. We decided to go for a walk . …… . of the rain. 69 expensive. A although C however B despite D in spite 27. I'll get my dad a book for his birthday A. although C. however B. despite D. in spite 31. I. ………… the windows cleaned about twice a year . . I find something better. A. get C. am A. if C. although B. put D. B. until D. unless 28. I’ll send you a text message. ……… . I'm on the bus. A. before C. until B. while D. as soon 32. Most students did very well…………… , a few students did very badly. A. Although C. However B. Despite D. In spite of Exericise 5: Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. Do you know what job or career you want to when you leave school? Maybe you know exactly what you want to do. If so, you're (33) . . ! For LUCK most teenagers, thinking about future jobs can lead to (34) CONFUSE That's what careers (35)………….are for. They're people who ask you ADVICE questions about your (36) ………… and help you with your choices. PREFER They can make (37)…………….about jobs which might suit you, and can SUGGEST also make (38)…………about where to find more information. They're RECOMMEND not there to tell you what to do, they're just there to be (39)………… HELP Choosing the right career can be a problem, but you don't need to search for the (40)………………….on your own! SOLVE 70 STOP AND CHECK Exericise 1: Choose the correct answer. 1. I'm not old enough to …… in this election. A. commit B. protest C. vote D. admit 2. Is it really your …………………to be a professional footballer? A. application B. profession C. ambition n D. contract 3. What we eat …………… . how much energy we have during the day. A. balances B. contains C. benefits D. affects 4. These jeans are too…………………I think I need a bigger pair. A. tight B. loose C.rough D. smooth 5. Britain's………………… is fairly mild - it's never very hot or very cold. A. forecast B. climate C. environment D. heatwave 6. I fell over in front of everyone at lunch. It was so……………………! A. embarrassing B. naughty C. romantic D. depressed 7. I asked Jim to help me with the project, but he ……………… A. doubted B. denied C. refused D. warned 8. Jeanne,…………………us that joke about the guy who knocks on the door. A. say B. speak C. make D. tell Exericise 2: Write one word in each gap. Although I hate (9) . in prison, I know it's my own fault. If I hadn't committed several burglaries, I wouldn't (10) been sent here to prison. I really (11) …………….I hadn't done the things I did. But you can't change the past, (12) . you? So I'm here. My cell is tiny - it's not much bigger (13) . ……a cupboard! It's (14)……………… small that I can touch the door and the window at the same time! I share it with one other prisoner, called Dave. Both (15) …………….us get on well, which is good. My family live a long way from here, so none of them can visit me very often, but they 71 write (16) …………….me every week. I always look forward to their letters. There's a chance I'll be allowed out later this year. If I get out, 1(17)……………never commit another crime. That's for sure! It'll be (18) ……… a great feeling to be free again! Exericise 3: Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words. 19. Henry was three when he first performed in public. age Henry first performed in public…… three. 20. Why don't you start a youth club? set You should . a youth club. 21. How long did it take you to recover from your illness? over How long did it take you to '" your illness? 22. Are you helping to organise the celebrations? involved Are you …………………… . the celebrations? 23. We don't have enough time. short We ………………… time. 24. She carried on playing despite her injury. spite She carried on playing her injury. 25. They haven't got any bread at the supermarket. run They……………………… bread at the supermarket. 26. It's illegal to take a gun onto a plane in most countries. against Taking a gun onto a plane……………………. in most countries. 27. We had to cancel the meeting because Paul was ill. called The meeting had to because Paul was ill. 28. Spiders don't frigrnen me! Afraid I………………………spiders! Exericise 4: Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word 72 that fits in the gap in the same line. Were you (29) ." enough to be invited to the opening of the LUCK Winchester Art Gallery last Thursday evening? I was, and therefore had the pleasure of seeing the new (30) ……………of Daniella Warner's EXHIBIT paintings. Daniella Warner is not (31)………… - yet - but she's FAME clearly an (32) who has a very bright future. ART All Daniella Warner's paintings - without (33) . . …………- are EXCEPT (34)………………… She very often paints areas of outstanding IMAGINE (35)……………….beauty, such as lakes and forests, but she makes NATURE them (36) …………… , lively places. Her paintings often focus on EXCITE the subjects of (37)…. .and peace. It's certainly not easy to FREE be a (38)……………….artist these days, but if anyone deserves it, SUCCESS Daniella Warner does. Daniella Warner's paintings will be on show at the Winchester Art Gallery until Saturday 25th March. Exericise 5: Write one word in each gap. 39. You shouldn't criticise people…………….the way they look. 40. I'm really fed up ………………studying all the time! 41. My brother is allergic . ………milk. 42. Would you describe her …………… a shy person? 43. Nothing is going to prevent me ……………… coming to the concert! 44. Congratulations…………………passing your driving test! 45. I don't approve……………….young children wearing earrings. 46. Have you ever been accused ………………doing something you didn't do? 47. I think I might apply . ………… that job at the local shop. 48. This song reminds me ……………. our holiday last summer. Exericise 6: Match to make sentences. 73 49. What’s going …………………. A. up this morning? 50. What time did you get ………………… B. off your jacket? 51. When are you going to give me …………. C. out or is it still burning? 52. Has this milk gone ………………… D. on there? 53. Why don’t you take …………………. E. into the building? 54. Has the fire gone …………………. F. back my school? 55. How did the burglars break ………………. G. up until the film finishes? 56. Mum, can I stay H. off or is it okay? ………………… Exericise 7: One word in each sentence is on the wrong form. Write the correct form. 57. I think we're all in agree about this. 58. Carl is so boss - he's always telling us 59. My dad is a very good 60. Mozart is my favourite 61. Motorbikes cause a lot of noise 62. Thank you for being so sympathy 63. He's one of the funniest comedies I've 64. Could I make a suggest? 65. That shop assist wasn't very helpful 66. That's a very sense idea Exericise 8: Complete using the words in the box. Diet; distance; fashion; least; mistake; strike; tears; touch 67. Do you think I need to go on a………………… ? 68. John was in ……………. earlier. Do you know why he was crying? 69. Wearing clothes that are in . isn't very important to me. 70. We could just see Doug a long way ahead in the……………… . 71. I failed the history test, but at . I passed the geography test. 72. I did the wrong exercise by…………………… 74 73. Are you still in ……………….with your friends from your old school? 74. The bus drivers are on ……………….today, so there are no buses. Exericise 9: Write one word in each gap. 75. I wonder who's going to move …………………next door. 76. We’ll have to put the ………………until next Saturday. 77. I'm going to cut ………………on the amount of coffee I drink. 78. We filled the car…………… with petrol before leaving. 79. Excuse me, can I try these shoes …………………., please? 80. I'm going to put thaton my bedro poster…………… on my bedroom wall. 81. Hang…………………! I’m not quite ready yet. 82. Watch………………! There’s a car coming! Exericise 9: Choose the correct answer. 83. I'm going to have a A. am not , play, I? B. don’t C. haven't D. aren't 84. Sophie have been III today because she didn't cnrne to school A. can't B. should C. must D. would 85. l'rn ……………… . to go on holiday on my own! I'm nineteen! A. so old B. su r an old C. too old D. old enough 86. My MP3 player is better ………………….yours! A. from B. to C. than D. that 87. If you ………………. helped me, I would never have finished on time. A. hadn't B. haven't C. don't D. wouldn't 88. Carol asked me if you …………………the film. A. already see B. had already seen C. already saw D. has already seen 89. I wish you …………………. be quiet for five minutes! A. must B. would C. can D. should 90. We were made up all the mess we'd made. A. clear B. to clear C. clearing D. cleared 75 A SAMPLE TEST I. II. Here are six countries. Write the corresponding adjectives (6ms) 1. Norway ………………… 2. Portugal. ………………… 3. Switzerland. ………………… 4. Taiwan. ………………… 5. Slovakia. ………………… 6. Thailand ………………… Supply the correct form of the adjective in brackets. (5 ms) 7. A lion is . than a mouse. (big) 8. I prefer this chair to the other one. It’s a lot (comfortable) ……………………… 9. Martina thinks taking a bus is . than riding a motorbike. (good) 10. Ali is (tall) ……………….……… of the three boys. 11.That’s one of (interesting) ……… ……………… films I’ve ever seen. III. Read this extract from a job interview. Complete it with items from the box.( 14ms) a. Are there any questions you’d like to ask us? b. First of all, why you want this job? c. I don’t think conflict is a bad thing. d. In addition, I’m very motivated and ready for a challenge. e. Then, I always communicate those aims to the team members. f. What are your strengths as a team leader? g. What sort of people you work well? A. Well, let’s start, then. …12…. B. I think my excellent experience of project management can contribute to the success of the department. …13… 76 A. You’ve just mentioned project management. There are 12 people in the project team…14…. B. I like to have clear aims to begin with. I think that’s essential for a team leader. …15… they all need to know exactly where they’re going. A. Right. And what you about conflict in a team? B. There’s always some conflict in teams…16……… you have to listen to people and help them to solve problems together. I think I’m good at that. A. ……17… B. Well, I like to work with motivated and reliable people. And I like people with a sense of humour- that’s great. A. ………18……… B. I’ve read your company brochure, but I would like some details of the projects you’ve been involved in recently. IV. Match each sentence on the left with the correct response on the right. (15ms) 19. When did you go to Athens? …… A. Only two days. I leave on Saturday. 20. How long are you here for? …… B. Five days ago. 21. Did you have a good flight? …… C. Yes. One moment, please. 22. I’ll give him your message. …… D. Yes, quite a lot. 23. Do you travel abroad much? …… E. Yes, it was fine, thanks. 24. I look forward to seeing you in Tokyo. F. It’s Shiho Mayumi. …… G. Pleased to meet you, too. 25. Pleased to meet you. …… H. No, I was here last December. 26. Is this your first visit to our company? I. Thanks very much. …… J. I do, too. 27. Can I have extension 473, please? …… 28. 10. Who’s calling, please? …… V. Complete the conversation. Write ONE word in each gap. (15ms) Waiter: Are you ready to order? Mike: Yes, I think (29) ………… . (30) ………… would you like, Dan? Dan: I’ll have a fish soup, (31) ………… Mike: And I’d (32) ………… the omelette, please. Waiter: Would (33) ………… like a side salad with the omelette? Mike: Yes, (34) ………… Waiter: And would you like something to (35) …………? Dan: (36) ………… we have a bottle (37) ………… wine, please? Waiter: Yes, of (38) ………… VI. Read the passage. Choose the best answer to each question ?(18ms) Complete the text with the best words. When people hear the word culture, they often think about the cultural life, the history or the ….39…. of a country. But when you are in business, you also need to think about company cultures. 77 Companies have different cultures: they believe in different things, and they have different ways of working. For example, some companies are formal, so staff use …40… when they speak to each other, and they have to wear business …41…. Other companies have a system of …42…. Fridays, when staff can …43… anything they like at the end of the week. Sometimes, there are also big differences in the amount of time …44….that staff can get. In some companies, staff get more paid annual…45……than in others, for example. Or staff can choose when they start and finish work-system called “….” 46. People can start work at 8, 9, 10 a.m and finish at 4, 5, or p.m. Finally, bosses and employees can communicate in many different ways. Some line managers like to get regular written reports, but others prefer ….47… communication. 39.A. customs B. uses C. habits. 40.A. family names B. positions C. business cards. 41.A. dressing B. fashion C. suits. 42.A. formal B. casual C. normal. 43.A. wear B. suits C. dress 44.A. out B. off C. away 45.A. weekends. B. benefit C. leave 46.A. shift work B. part time C. flexitime 47.A. back-to- front B. face-to- faceC. back-to- back VII. Grammar (12ms) 48. He apologized . the mistake in the bill. A. at B. for C. on D. to 49. They’re going to get married . next year. A. in B. at C. on D.  50. I looked . her email address in my Contacts list. A. at B. for C. after D. up 51. They . several new members to the club. A. predicted B. established C. founded D. recruited 52. We need active policies to pull the country out of . A. recession B. creation C. arrangement D. organization 53. Sorry, I don’t know . A. what this word means B. what does this word mean C. this word means what D. this word what means 54. - Does Jane work for a bank? - . A. Yes, Jane works. B. No, she doesn’t. C. No, she doesn’t works. D. Yes, she is. 55. . . was the weather like in Rome when you left? – It was quite warm there. A. Who B. What C. Why D. Whose 56. A(n) . is a tall, continuously habitable building of many storeys, usually designed for office and commercial use. A. skyscraper B. architecture C. cathedral D. spire 57. The children quickly got . with staying indoors all day. A. bore B. bored C. boring D. boredom 78 58. It was . of him to leave all the work to you. A. angry B. friendly C. selfish D. helpful 59. Where’s . place in the world? A. hotter B. more hot C. the hottest D. the most hot 60. The couple are . now than they were years ago. A. wealthier B. more wealth C. the more wealthy D. the wealthiest 79 REVISION I. Complete the sentences with suitable words. 1. It took Marcia and Jess three hours to finish doing my hair in cornrows. Marcia did half of the tight little braids, and Jess did the other half. 2. It's strange - Inez's hair is 3. Some athletes have curly, but her mother's hair is straight. crew cuts, but I don't like such short hair. 4. She likes to wear her hair pulled back in one long 5. Mrs. Olsen has long, ponytail. straight hair that hangs down to her waist. 6. Actors often wear wigs when they are performing to hide their real appearance. 7. The actor's hair wasn't naturally wavy, so the hairstylist used a curling iron on it. 8. Louise asked her sister to weave her hair together into a 9. When he started getting braid. bald, he tried some medicine to grow hair, but it didn't work. 10. Sandra's hair isn't just curly - it's 11. The kinky. set designer had made the stage look like a forest. 12. The thunder wasn't real; but thanks to the sound engineer , everyone thought it was. 13. He got jobs for some big stars and was the best-paid agent in Hollywood. 14. The makeup artist made her look 40 years older than she was. 15. For the romantic scene, the director asked the cameraperson to focus on the actors' faces. 16. It may be hard for the producer to get enough money to make a movie. 80 17. Being a stuntperson is a dangerous job because it's possible to get injured. 18. When the film director told him he was overacting, the famous star got angry. 19. The job of the costume designer is easier when the actors wear modern clothes. 20. The author of the novel was also the scriptwriter for the movie. II. Vocabulary: Keep It Down! Match the expressions with their definitions. this money is for you don't stop don't be so loud avoid taking part in something stay with the topic 1. keep it down 2. keep the change 3. keep to the subject 4. keep out of something 5. keep going III. Complete the sentences. Using the phrases in the box. 1. Here's $15. Keep the change. 2. That's very interesting, but if you don't keep to the subject, we'll never finish this meeting. 3. 4. 5. Keep back. The workers need room to their jobs. Keep it down! I can't hear the movie. Keep going. You have to turn at the next corner, not this one. 6. I know you want to help end their argument, but you'd better keep out of it. 81 7. Don't say a word in the meeting. Just keep quiet and let me the talking. 8. Keep your shirt on! I haven't lost the tickets. They're right here in my bag! 9. Our boss likes to keep us guessing. We never know what he's going to next. 10. Please keep me posted about what's happening while I'm out of the office. 82 REFERENCES 1. Clive Oxenden, Christina Latham- Koenig, Paul Seligson. New English File (Pre-intermediate), Oxford University Press, 1997. 2. Tom Hutchinson, Life Line (Pre-intermediate), Oxford University Press, 1996. 3. Liz and John Soars. New Headway (Pre-intermediate), Oxford University Press, 1990. 4. Malcolm Mann, Steve Taylore-Knowles, Grammar and Vocabulary B1, Macmillan Education, 2007. www.oup.com/elt/englishfile/pre-intermediate 5. myenglishlab.pearson-intl.com. Jetset Level 5/ 2015 Phúc Yên, ngày 03 tháng 05 năm 2015 Lãnh đạo duyệt Người viết giảng Lương Văn Minh Dương Thị Hồng Điệp 83 84 . TẬP BÀI GIẢNG TỪ VỰNG THỰC HÀNH LỜI NÓI ĐẦU Giáo trình Từ vựng thực hành Tiếng Anh (Vocabulary in use) được biên soạn nhằm nâng cao chất lượng giảng dạy và học tập học phần Từ vựng thực hành. biên soạn tập bài giảng với mong muốn giúp sinh viên chuyên Tiếng Anh trường Cao đẳng Vĩnh Phúc có được tài liệu học tập phù hợp với học phần Từ vựng thực hành (Học và thực hành từ vựng Tiếng. dung bài học cụ thể như sau: Topic vocabulary (Từ vựng theo chủ đề), Word formation (Cấu tạo từ) , Word patterns (Cấu trúc từ) , Prepositional phrases (Cụm giới từ) , Phrasal verbs (Cụm động từ) ,