Cơ sở lý thuyết hóa học hữu cơ lớp 11

1 www.tuhoc.edu.vn htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 1 – oxit cacbon: CO, CO 2 . – – 4 C 3 , CaC 2 , v.v… – – – – VD1: NaHCO 3 CaC 2 HCOONa (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 KCN C 6 H 5 OH CaCO 3 CHCl 3 C 3 H 9 N Al 4 C 3 CO 2 (NH 2 ) 2 CO 2 – – – – – có xúc tác. – 2 www.tuhoc.edu.vn htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 1 A) B) C) D) 2 4 , CHCl 3 , KHCO 3 , NH 4 HCO 3 , C 2 H 5 NH 2 , HCN, CH 3 COONa, C 12 H 22 O 11 , (C 2 H 3 Cl) n , CO 2 , (COOH) 2 A) 5. B) 6. C) 7. D) 8. 3 A) B) C) D) 4 CH 3 COOH, CH 2 =CH–CH 2 OH, C 6 H 5 –CH=CH 2 , CH 4 , C 6 H 12 O 6 , (CH 3 ) 3 N, CH A) 3. B) 4. C) 5. D) 6. 5 A) C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 5 NH 2 , C 12 H 22 O 11 . B) C 2 H 5 OH, HCOOCH 3 , (CH 3 ) 3 N, CH 3 Cl. C) CH 3 CHO, C 6 H 6 , (COOH) 2 , CH 3 COOC 2 H 3 . D) C 2 H 3 Cl, NaCN, CH 3 NH 2 , (C 2 H 3 Cl) n . TOPPER. Chú ý 3 VD2: CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 6 H 6 . VD3: C 2 H 5 OH, C 3 H 9 N, CHCl 3 . 3 www.tuhoc.edu.vn htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 6 —C=C—C—O—H và trong X. 7 – 1,3 A) 5, 3, 9. B) 4, 3, 6. C) 3, 5, 9. D) 4, 2, 6. O H Etilen: H—C=C—H H H H H H H 8 C C C C C C H C=C—H H H H H H H (A) (B) 4 www.tuhoc.edu.vn htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 4 1 —". – – – • • VD4: —C • • 5 VD5: CH 2 =CH–CH 3 —C. VD6: 6 H 6 C C C C C C H H H H H H C C C C C C TOPPER. Chú ý C C C C C C C—C 5 www.tuhoc.edu.vn htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 6 1 2 cacbon. 3 – – TOPPER. Chú ý 4 1); oxi (2 3); halogen (1). 7 VD7: 2 H 4 H—C=C—H VD8: 2 H 4 O 2 . H H H—C—C—O—H H H O H—C—O—C—H O H H H—C—C—O—H O H H 6 www.tuhoc.edu.vn htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 8 1 –O—H –OH –N—H –NH 2 H –C—H –CH 3 H H VD: CH 3 –CH 2 –OH CH 3 CH 2 OH. –C—H –CHO –C—OH –COOH O O VD9: —C—C—O—H H H O — 3 —C—OH — 3 COOH O (A) H—C=C—C—O—H (B) H—C—C—N—C—H H H H H H H H H H H H 2 3 7 www.tuhoc.edu.vn htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 9 2 . Các VD10: CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 C 4 H 10 v.v… +CH 2 +CH 2 +CH 2 2 – hóa khác nhau. 2 H 4 O 2 . A không A) CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , C 4 H 10 . B) C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 4 H 8 , C 5 H 10 . C) C 6 H 6 , C 7 H 8 , C 8 H 10 , C 9 H 12 . D) C 4 H 4 , C 4 H 6 , C 4 H 8 , C 4 H 10 . B không A) CH 3 COOH và HCOOCH 3 . B) (CH 3 ) 2 NH và CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 . C) CH 3 CH 2 OH và CH 3 OCH 3 . D) CH 2 =CH–COOH và CH 2 =CH–CH 2 OH. C A) B) C) 2 . D) TOPPER. Chú ý không. 8 www.tuhoc.edu.vn htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 10 1 VD11: CH 3 CH 2 OH + HBr CH 3 CH 2 Br + HOH A B C D + A D C B + o t 2 3 H 2 O VD12: CH 2 =CH 2 + H 2 CH 3 CH 3 . A B A B + o Ni t VD13: CH 2 —CH 2 CH 2 =CH 2 + H 2 O A B A B + 2 4 o H SO (®Æc) 180 C H O H VD14: C 3 H 8 + 5O 2 3CO 2 + 4H 2 O o t D A) CH 4 + 3O 2 CO 2 + 2H 2 O. B) C 4 H 10 CH 4 + C 3 H 6 . C) C 2 H 4 + HBr C 2 H 5 Br. D) CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 + NaOH CH 3 COONa + C 2 H 5 OH. o t o Ni t 9 www.tuhoc.edu.vn htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog E (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) H—C—C—C—O—H H H H H H H H—C—C—C—H H H O H H H H H—C—N—C—H H H H H H H H H H—C—O—C—H H H O C C C C C C H H H H H C—O—H O TOPPER. Chú ý F A) 2 . B) 2 C) 2 D) G (1) CH 2 =CH 2 + H 2 O CH 3 CH 2 OH. (2) C 2 H 6 + Cl 2 C 2 H 5 Cl + HCl. (3) CH 2 O 2 O. (4) CH 3 CH 2 Cl + NaOH CH 3 CH 2 OH + NaCl. (5) CH 3 CHO + H 2 CH 3 CH 2 OH. (6) CH 3 COOH + C 2 H 5 OH HCOONa + CH 3 OH. (7) HCOOCH 3 + NaOH HCOONa + H 2 O. (8) CH 3 NH 2 + HCl CH 3 NH 3 Cl. (9) CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 =CH 2 + CH 4 . (A) (B) (C) 10 www.tuhoc.edu.vn htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog Câu 1 B 2 C 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 7 A 8 Câu 9 A D B D C B D D E F B G 6 7 + 2 8 9 (a) CH 2 =CH–CH 2 OH; (b) CH 3 CH 2 NHCH 3 . E (a) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH (b) CH 3 CHOHCH 3 3 ) 2 CHOH (c) CH 3 NHCH 3 3 ) 2 NH (d) CH 2 =CH (e) HCOOCH 3 . (f) G COOH . 1 www.tuhoc.edu.vn htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 1 – oxit cacbon: CO, CO 2 . – – 4 C 3 , CaC 2 , v.v… – – – – VD1: NaHCO 3 CaC 2 HCOONa (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 KCN C 6 H 5 OH CaCO 3 CHCl 3 C 3 H 9 N. C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 5 NH 2 , C 12 H 22 O 11 . B) C 2 H 5 OH, HCOOCH 3 , (CH 3 ) 3 N, CH 3 Cl. C) CH 3 CHO, C 6 H 6 , (COOH) 2 , CH 3 COOC 2 H 3 . D) C 2 H 3 Cl, NaCN, CH 3 NH 2 , (C 2 H 3 Cl) n CH 3 CH 2 OH. (2) C 2 H 6 + Cl 2 C 2 H 5 Cl + HCl. (3) CH 2 O 2 O. (4) CH 3 CH 2 Cl + NaOH CH 3 CH 2 OH + NaCl. (5) CH 3 CHO + H 2 CH 3 CH 2 OH. (6) CH 3 COOH + C 2 H 5 OH HCOONa + CH 3 OH. (7) HCOOCH 3