ion H+ tính chất hóa học của axit bazo muối................... fe2+,fe3+............. cu2+ ttet............................hno3 H2SO4, H2O, Al+.......................màu sắc chất kết tủa..............65u67yh65yet65tnyjtrwdu65u6yu5bygyueygfhwefejhftinhs tan ..........................................
!"!# !$%&'%$' ()* +,- ./+0+()* 12 !"" #$% &"'($% )*+"%,-%.) / 0)%1234 "455 6#,"# / 4 7 8 9 4 :% 114 1; 11 6<,=>?%&".'=:% 4 6<,=>?% :% 4 7:%4<,-%@A7:% 4< :% 7:% < ) 114 6<B" " ) 4 7)4 <B" " # 114 6<B"C # 4 7#4 <B"C D% 114 1; 6<,=>?% D% 4 7D%4 <,=>?% E= 114 1; 6<>?%B">$#3)*+"%F) '(,#3&,-%,5 E= 4 7E=4 <>?%B" /E=4 4 47/E=4 8 <F)'( E= 8 114 1; 6<F)'( E= 8 84 7E=4 8 <F)'( G= 114 1; 6<,=>?%">%,#A1; G= 4 7G=4 <,=>?% G=4 4 7 − BeO 4 H 114 1; 6<,=>?%">%,#A1; H 4 7H4 <,=>?% H4 4 7 − ZnO 4 : 8 114 1; 6<,=>?%">%,#A1; : 8 84 7: 4 8 <,=>?% : 4 8 4 7 − AlO 4 > 8 > 114 1; 6<BCB"">%,#A1; 6<F)> 4 7>4 < > 8 84 7>4 8 <BCB" >4 8 4 7 − CrO 4 " I 0%1FJ%K.11>$# 'LKM#%N O",-%.) ;> %N O"3&.)K.%3&# %N O"3&.)$% " 0%1FJ%K.11>$# 'LKM#%N O",-%.) 11 − 8 CO 11" 4 8 55 %N O"3&.)'(3" <>?%"';P3>%"B# " − 8 CO 7"4 8 < G" 0%1FJ%K.11>$# 'LKM#%N O",-%.) 11 − / SO 11" Q4 / 55 %N O"3&.) R3S#K.% <>?%34"';P3>%N#"B# G" − / SO 7G"Q4 / < !$%5'%$' ()* +,- ./+0+()* 12 014 !"" #$% &"B" 7,-%.)&"$% D)L# − 8 SO − 8 HSO !T#U@#V>;M3 − 8 CO W − 8 HCO 01 55 6@N,Q4 9 .X.)11G> "X.)11)L3ID4 / − 8 SO 7 4Q4 9 Q4 4G> 7 Q4 / G> Q4 Y4Z → / KMnO Q4 8 D)L# − 8 CO W − 8 HCO 01 6@N,4 9 − 8 CO 7 4Q4 9 D)L#Q WQ 01 6@N, Q93&#>[%L# Q 7 Q9 D)L#Q# #3" − 8 SiO 01 6< Q#4 8 < − 8 SiO 7 Q#4 8 < D)L# − / SO 01G" 11G" 55 6<>?%G"Q4 / <,-%">% 3C3"B# − / SO G" 7G"Q4 / < D)L# >)" 01:% :%4 8 55 6<>?%:% :% 7:% < +6$7%89::;$<=$<>=' \ D)L#G>)"G> 01:% :%4 8 55 6,V]"K.%6:%G> 611.)F)1^.G> G> :% 7:%G>< G> 7G> .)F) D)L#-1)" 01:% 11:%4 8 55 6<K.%:% 6<BCB_1^. :% 7:%< 7 BCB_ D)L#!" −8 / PO 01:% 11:%4 8 55 6<K.% −8 / PO 8:% 7:% 8 4 / < D)L##>" − 8 NO Q4 /'`3 W a 6,.)F)W#?34 − 8 NO Q4 /' 74 9 − / SO 4 U@#V,# 6# ;b%: WHWG=W>W@55cC31R%KM#1)%123,#Ac,# 6#">% "4 .,# 6# ;b%5 4B# ;b%: 4 8 WH4WG=4W> 4 8 W@455cC31R%KM#11,#A"455WB#,# 6#" >%1)%123,#A .B# ;b%5 dM#,# 6#"B#,# 6#^3&*3)*.)L#">$#';P3U@#Ve)"#3]"&5 HW: 3&*1%4 8 '`3%)f#'*U@#V;+")5I# 6#,-%">%4 8 '`3W%)f# 7'& .: "3)*.)L#>$#C31R%11 8 W)L#3,V]">$#"1g>%11 8 7 H GT%'#h&"c?$@A!$3B<$CDE i# I G" " " D% : 8 D H > 8 E= # Q @ ) E= 8 :% % :) 8 i#IG"""D%: DH>E=#Q@ )E= :%%:) ?3-A3B<$C1BE FB<$C?3-7BCG!$3B<$C?$@7*+ #A)!T[%B#&",Oc j:klm:IDi4n I# 6#,#Aci#"Io@+E>: I# 6#,#ApcG=D%"Q>G"o": I# 6# ;b%cG=H: q I# 6#!F&!Rc)GHGE=dGq 5r`3'#*KA3X)6%)O,# 6#c GC,%)OS# M+KM#%)O!#,#5 QL=&">2\78+KM#!#,#5 is3 #,V3C3=KM#6F;S%'L#V)Wt% ;P%3gC3=,(#%)O,# 6#( t% ;P%#&"( 53X&"N33)%3]",# 6#c 3X&"N33)%3]",# 6# .,O1u@2B#&" \5C31R%KM#!#,#c Ii@2B#&"';P3.3"#5#,#@2,O."# /: 84 → a t 8 8 ++ OAl ) → a t \ −+ ClCu 5C31R%KM#"B#c "0)%123 W Q4 / v%Y:B#,-%B#&"Z H 7H 9 +6$7%89::;$<=$<>=' D=wD d1Rc + H& &IJ+&I H& 3X65,O65,OV)5B#&"V) =3-BCK&=$@BCKJ=3-*+&$@*+ E= 7E= 9 @0)%1234 8 W Q4 / '`3W Y:B#3&B#&"Z B 4 W4W4 W 4 D4 8 7D4 8 4 / 4 8 Q4 xQ< D Q4 / '`37D Q4 / 4 Q >yW:)g)V,O';P3 WQ z 'V[3B#&"X!S5 ) 8 / ONH + 7)4 8 4 / ON + 85C31R%KM#1)%123)L#c I# 6#'[%>;M3>%1v'#h&"+{'#,# 6#'[%+")>",(#1)%123)L#5 d1Rc E=11)Q4 / 7E=Q4 / )<E=|) ):%4 8 7)4 8 :%)|:% )E=Q4 / 7,-%BT>")}E= ;%c+&HL>< M J+< H &HL>< H ~~~~~ E=E= 8 78E= :%4 8 E=4 8 7E=4 8 8 :%< :%E= 8 7,-%BT>"555 #T#3c) E= 8 E= 8 :% )E= )?3:!" E= :% )?3:!"BT>"=3#A)•#,-%BT>"=3#A)%;P3 6# F!NO#P!N!%F!NO#P!F!QN' !=R?A3B<$C3SB$c )f3!F&3&c OTTFTU)T;VL r[%'g)€#3),^>y3),^ 5&"3]",# 6#,#Ac Ii,#A .•%%)LB;W@C,%)O;S%'L# M5 Ii,#A .3X,O6X>%+L3C3,# 6#c \5C31R%KM#!#,#c /"4 7" 4"4 7"4 " 7" 5C31R%KM#"B#c " 7" 9 " Q4 / 7" Q4 / 9 ~85C31R%KM# 4c +6$7%89::;$<=$<>=' 8 L> +&L> M& JL> H& &W %&X' ) E= 7E= 8 q :% %&X' ,ONYK>JN & I 47I4 9 C3Ii,#A,C33•%3&•%!T[%&"N3;S%s5 /5C31R%KM# c‚,# 6#,#AW,#Ap!T[%KM# " → pt W a "">##1>)"" 8aa a CaH C → 5r#A)3V,# 6#,#Ac %)?3cIO#Ii,#A7Ii,#A r#h!F&%3T3&.%%t)L#" %=)""#'>B#;S%[%5 \5r#h!F)L#" c " 7" "c" =7" :c =7 9 " → vnđpncW /" 9 5X08Z#c "4w" 4 "/" /=7/"&%3T :/4 /=7 44 /"4 → vnđpncW /"4 9 4 [\c" 4 8 → a t "84 DƒQ„…†l:o‡m:" 5">##'>B#c "4!F #...#c "47"4 \5C31R%KM#"B#c "4 7" 4 4 7 4 ~~~5C31R%KM#B#"B#c ‚ h+L CO NaOH n n V)I43•% U!‚ h;"4 \ CO NaOH n n ˆ\\} CO NaOH n n } CO NaOH n n ‰ 7>""4 8 7>""4 8 K." 4 8 7>"" 4 8 iX NaOH n T"#'A)VW'`+LiX CO n c "44 7"4 8 "44 7"4 8 "44 7" 4 8 "" "44 7" 4 8 @@ "3&c"@w NaOH n "@w CO n 85C31R%KM#1)%123)L#c +6$7%89::;$<=$<>=' / N & &>JN "4)Q4 / 7)4 <" Q4 / 4 ) 7)4 < r#A)3V"4@Š%1)%123" W3&.%%tBL!W'#h3s3>S5 " 4 → đpvn 9 9"4 :" =7 9 4=7 4 " 4 w"4 IDi4n‹jDkjD !=R?A3B<$C8ZB?B!!$0,+$75 >VNVWQ>>#WG"Wo"'#U G=c ;b%"WQ>WG"c,# 6#,#Ap 7r[% #A+"),# 6#,#A>y3),^ 53X&"N33]",# 6#&5 i.•%%)L&+W3&=&">2+ Ii3&@C,%)OS# M7 .3X,O6>%P!3X3&+LB#&"5 D=7D \5C31R%!#,#c "C31R%4B#c >%,-%,#h'f;Œ%G=K.D%@2B#&"3U..%@TKh,# 6#W3• 6# !T[%KM#B#3]",-%,v #hS5 I#'L&%W,# 6#&3C>%,-%,6>"B#5 D4 7D4D .%)O,# 6# @C31R%i;))ŽQ DQ → a t DQ 3C31R%" %=c D → a t D 5C31R%:B#c "C31R%11 W Q4 / v%q:B#,-%B#&" D Q4 / 7DQ4 / 9 @C31R%4 8 x Q4 / ''x a :B#B#&" /D\a4 8 7/D4 8 8 4 / 4 8 D Q4 /' → a t DQ4 / Q4 9 4 3C31R%KM# 4c >% 4 a ;Œ%G=,-%!T[%WD%,O3UW3• 6#"WQ>WG",O;M365 D 47D4 9 d^KU"WQ>WG"';P3%N# .•%,# 6#,#Ap5 XS+*cr#h!F&%3T)L#" %=)"3]"3J% DƒQ„…†l:o‡m:" 5"B#B#cB#@"•S \5C31R%KM# 4 "4 47"4 5C31R%KM#"B#WB#6)L#5 +6$7%89::;$<=$<>=' XMMX đpnc +→ •c .%)L" %=)" "4 7" 4 "44 7"4 8 r#A)3V"4@Š%3C3!F]"4 8 ‘#h'f3"5 "4 8 → a t "44 ‘’aa a "4 8 @2!F].. 5"B##'>B#c \5T[%KM#"B#WB#"B#c "4 7" 4 "4 4 7"4 8 < 4 0)%123"4 C31R%KM#1)%123)L#,C35 "4 " 4 8 7"4 8 <"4 " − 8 CO 7"4 8 < ~~~ CO OHCa n n w, “\ CO OHCa n n ˆ““ CO OHCa n n }\ CO OHCa n n ‰\ 7"4 8 7"4 8 7"4 8 iX"4 '`+L X4 c"4 4 7"4 8 "4 4 7"4 8 """4 4 7"4 8 4 "4 4 7"4 8 4 @@ "3&c"@w OHCa n "@w CO n ~~"4C31R%KM# 8 4 / /8 POH NaOH n n \c /8 POH NaOH n n ˆ\76)L#" 4 / c"4 8 4 / 7" 4 / 4 c\} /8 POH NaOH n n }76)L# c"4 8 4 / 7" 4 / 4 "4 8 4 / 7" 4 / 4 8c /8 POH NaOH n n w76)L#" 4 / c"4 8 4 / 7" 4 / 4 +6$7%89::;$<=$<>=' z /c} /8 POH NaOH n n }876)L#" 4 / K." 8 4 / c"4 8 4 / 7" 4 / 4 8"4 8 4 / 7" 8 4 / 8 4 c /8 POH NaOH n n ‰876\)L#" 8 4 / c8"4 8 4 / 7" 8 4 / 8 4 X!]^ \5r#h!Fc)C>^B#&",O1#u>"‘@A`"#'#h3s3,#31•%'#hf3#A)'#e)" 3X'#h!F‘>6%C#&%3T"1)%123 5%)?3c "6#"1cC33"#U= e)C>^,O=[sy+")>">;M3 4>%1)%123'#h!F‘",#c I G" " " D% : 8 D H > 8 E= # Q @ ) E= 8 :% % :) 8 4'#h!Fs'#h!F 4=7 4D =7D @6#:1cC3"#;Œ%= e)C>^B#&"=[sc WG> W Wo44 |4 | 4| − / SO W −8 / PO 555 4>%1)%123'#h!F‘:,#c − / SO − 8 SO − 8 CO − 8 NO 5555 G> 5555 4'#h!Fs'#h!F 4=w “4 85r2 )UE">"1"ci;P%3X)';P3‘€#'#h3s3‚ h)UKM#3+L3;Œ%'f1•%'#hK. Œ#%#"'#h!Fc c;Œ%'f1•%'#h:x: • cIL# ;P% %)O3]"•5 cŒ#%#"'#h!F+x • c&">23]"•>%3X'"%1%5 _`0< \5X'#h #c .3X!F .#K.#,#&%3T`3‘>6%C#1)%1235 5Qs'#h #ci.+s!F .#3]"3X'#h ‘>6%C#1)%123"&%3T5 X,-%'#h ci.3X.1)%123,-%1_'#h';P31)%123>;P)W';Œ% :B#7 %L3"B# G"•S74 #,# 6#" / D)L#7#,# 6##%L3"B# 85~X'#h 6c&,Tt%!F %g;...# ~X'#h V)c‚!F f!g.#5 QL!FO!F ~rf'#h c = α QL!FO•""aˆ α ˆ\ +6$7%89::;$<=$<>=' ” X X X n A tI m 5 ’zaa 5 = Qs'#h .e)C>^)U%23K^3C3#3)*'f%s1>%1)%1233&*K" 36KM#")K.C#6 6#!FO3X'#h 5 /5:B#G"•=G>+=1c :B# .3X3&,Tt%3 xG"• .3X3&,Tt%U 0)%123"B# .1)%1233&3["# 0)%123G"• .1)%1233&3["#4 #1>B# ;b% .•%#1>B#Ky"3&,Tt%3 WKy"3&,Tt%U ;c: 4 8 WH4 WG=4 555 5!3]"1)%123cr`3>;%3$%'f 3]"f1)%123 !w % [ ] + H x!4w % [ ] − OH x [ ] + H c$%'f %f1)%123c!!4w\/ 4%)3X3& [ ] [ ] −+ = OHH w\a ” !w” ! a”\a\/ $% •" = " =# I-%.) r('( rL#KM#"B#V)c: : x!w % \ CpK a − rf6"B#c :B#,-%3&4B#cR)f3K.t% ;P% #,V• E}G>} } :B#3&B#c B •4 B‰c"B#6 Q4 / W4 8 q Bˆ\c"B#V) 4 8 W Q4 8 rf63]"G"•cD4 D3&,# 6#3.%6W,Tt%;Œ%= 3.% MW+s'[ #,VD43.%1u G"•3.%65 "4|D%4 |: 4 8 q z5D)L#cP!3X%$#,# 6#" / KM##F%L3"B# D)L#>)%•"cD)L#.>%%L3"B#,-%3•3&"B# 8 4 8 @?,8$ .fP!3X3[3"B#" 4 8 .)L#>)%•"5 D)L#"B#cD)L#.>%%L3"B#3•3&"B#5 "Q4 / W"4 / WIQq D)L#,•!c#A)3"#,# 6#,VP!KM#\%L3"B#cI" Q4 / D)L#€P!cDf 6#,# 6#,VP!KM#3C3"B#,C3") " >)"K-# 4 ”5:B#G"•3]"1)%123)L#c D)L#6@‘# ]!F 0)%123 ! :B#K.G"•6 I-% >)% ” :B#6G"•V) & "B# !}” :B#V)G"•6 & G"• !|” :B#V)G"•V) & e)C>^3" U 6S !>;Œ%P! +6$7%89::;$<=$<>=' / 4 / 4 / 4 / 4 !}” 8 44" 4 8 44"4 8 44 4 8 444 !|” 5T[%>"'p##ci.!T[%>"'p#%#•"3C3#3]"•%3X'g)'*6+T!M# ,-%3&+s"'p#+LB#&" r#A),#hc X"%#"!T[%!T#">y,#!T[%KM#"B# &+s6.c3X1u@"S#W3X,V]""x3F!F #V)S ~~~08ZB+,c i#I"" G"D%: DH>E=#Q@) :%%:) 8 ONONO +→ −− ↑+↑+→ − 8 ONOOxitKLNO ↑+↑+→ − 8 ONOKLNO "4 8 7"4 4 9 )4 8 7)44 94 9 :%4 8 7:%4 94 9 G"4 8 a ONOBaO t ++→ / 4 8 → < aa 8aat 4 4 / 4 8 → > aa 8aat 4 4 / 4 8 → a t 4 !F!N a8<79#@V<$VOb++cV !=#de \5C31R%KM#,# 6#c D%“4 7D%4 5T[%KM##1>c “4 7 4 85r#A)3Vc I 4 8 → a t I 8 O "4 8 → a t "4 “4 4 → ddNaOHđp “4 !!=O# \5T[%KM#,# 6#c D% 7D% 5T[%KM##1>c 7 85r#A)3Vc " 4 → vnđpdd W “ “ "4 ID4 / \z 7I D 4 D4 / → a t D 4 3&,Oc ID4 / \z 7I D 4 I > 4 ” I" #1#3>"\/ 7I > 8 8 ” 4 4 / c3&B#&"6 4 / ” 7/ / 4 +6$7%89::;$<=$<>=' ’ !!!=Ofgghc \5T[%KM#,# 6#c D%Q7D%Q 5T[%KM# c Q7 Q 7•3&,OcQ4 7Q4 Q3&,Oc Q/ / 47 Q4 / QQ4 78Q 4 Q4 / 3&B#&"6*#h,#'`3W&% Q Q4 / → a t 8Q4 4 !=!9 \5T[%KM#,# 6#c /D%8 → a t D% 8 5T[%KM##1>c •3&,Oc 4 8aaa a 4 8 8 r#A)3Vc / 4 → a t 4 8 3&,Oc 8 8 7 z 8 8)4 → a t 8)8 4 4 8 3&B#&"6c Qz4 8 7 Q4 / z4 4 +6$7%89::;$<=$<>=' \a X)6%)O I# 6#: WE=W)~~~~~ C33-%[3+L WWdW 11 55 7Q{';P3>^@.>%3C33)'A5 [i>B,j r*-U!LK.B= 6#•%@.#N3>;M3'&5% =c""%QR3% ir-&"W!"1;M# .)*U!'A#r3C3t5% =c3+%)=K"># e3&R3)*U!'A#3C3t F`%3C33-%3J"W.%OcDX#A# .XX3T5s# . DH>E=#Q@) :%%:) 8 ONONO +→ −− ↑+↑+→ − 8 ONOOxitKLNO ↑+↑+→ − 8 ONOKLNO "4 8 7"4 4 9 )4 8 7)44 94 9. 4 "4 4 7"4 8 < 4 0)%123"4 C31R%KM#1)%123)L#,C35 "4 " 4 8 7"4 8 <"4 " − 8 CO 7"4 8 < ~~~ CO OHCa n n w, “ CO OHCa n n ˆ““ CO OHCa n n } CO OHCa n n ‰ 7"4 8 7"4 8 7"4 8 iX"4 '`+L. .X.)11G> "X.)11)L3ID4 / − 8 SO 7 4Q4 9 Q4 4G> 7 Q4 / G> Q4 Y4Z → / KMnO Q4 8 D)L# − 8 CO W − 8 HCO 01 6@N,4 9 − 8 CO 7 4Q4 9 D)L#Q WQ 01 6@N, Q93&#>[%L# Q 7 Q9 D)L#Q#