Sâu bệnh hại thanh long và biện pháp phòng trừ

SCJ NONG NGHIEP & PHAT TRIEN NONG THON TINH BINH THUAN CHI eye BAO Vg THl^e VAT SAU BiNH HAI THANH LONC • • VA BllN PHAP PHdNC TRUI • NAM 2013 DC: 9B Nguyen Tat Thanh • Phan Thiet DT: 062 3824490 - 3822235; FAX: 062 3835545 SAU BENH HAI THANH LONG VA BIEN PHAP PHONG TRl/ I. VAN DE CHUNG: Thanh long la mot loai trai cay xuat khau chu life cua Binh Thuan. Trong quy trinh san xuat, bao ve thifc vat c6 vai tro rat quan trong de dam bao thanh long c6 tieu chuan xuat khau. Cac hiidc can thiet trong viec bao ve thifc vat cJ vu'dn thanh long nhu' sau: - Trong canh sach benh; - Ky thuat canh tac gom: Thiet ke vu'dn trong, quan ly nu'dc, phan bon, c6 dai mot each khoa hoc; - Quan ly dich hai bang cac bien phap nhu" thu cong, sinh hoc, hoa hoc n. MOT so SAU HAI CHINH TREN CAY THANH LONG: /. Kien: Day la doi tUdng gay hai pho bien tren vu'dn thanh long, CO nhicu loai kien trong do kien lufa vang va kien rien (nho mau nau den) gay hai chii yeu tren cay thanh long. 1 Cdch gay hai Kien can due pha goc cay lam hu" horn giong, canh non, tai la, nu hoa, trai non, trai chin gay anh hu'dng den gia tri thu'dng pham. Kien hai trai Kien hai bong Bien phdp phdng trie - Ve sinh vu'dn, don sach cac canh cay, la kho trong vu'dn de khong cho kien c6 ndi an nau. - Cf nhiing vu'dn bi nhiem nang, tijf khi cay eo nu hoa, CO the su" dung thuoc hoa hoc nhu" Ablane 420EC hoac cac loai thuoc goc Fipronil nhu" regenl de tri nhtfng phai bao dam thdi gian each ly an toan. Khong su* dung thuoc hoa hoc tren vu'dn thanh long mot tuan tru'dc khi thu hoach. ' 2. Bo xit hai thanh long: Cdch gay hai Bp xit thu'dng boat dong vao chieu toi va ban dem chiing tap trung chich hut nhiTa tren trai, khi trai non vet 2 Trai bi bo xit hai BQ xit xanh hg.i thanh long chich hut nho kho phat hien, khi trai chin lam cac vet san siii, giam chat lu'dng, mau ma trai thanh long. Bien phdp phdng trie Chu y ndi c\X tru cua bo xit 6 nhtJng cay hang rao, cay tfong xung quanh de c6 bien phap xu* ly. - Phun thuoc vao chieu toi bang cac thuoc nhom Abamectin nhiT Vibamec 1.8EC, (dac biet iMu y thdi gian each ly doi vdi cay dang mang trai). - Co the diing bien phap thu cong de bat. 3. Ray mem (Aphis SP): Cdch gay hai Ray mem xuat hien rai rac tren vu'dn thanh long, do thifdng xuyen xit kien va cac doi tu'dng khac nen ray mem khong phat trien du'dc va gay hai khong dang ke. Thiet hai chu ye'u la lam cho mau ma trai khong dep, nhilng ndi bi 3 ray mem bu thifdng xuat hien nhilng cham xanh hoac trang khi trai chin. Trdi bi ray mem gay hai Ray mem Bien phdp phdng trii Can kiem tra phat hien sdm, neu c6 ray can xuT ly bang thuoc nhom Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid hay nhom Thiamethoxam nhu" Actara, Thiamax 4. Bo tri (Thrip sp.) Cdch gay hai ^ Bp trl gay hai tu" giai doan nu cho den khi heo rau (rut rau) gay nen hien tu'dng mac vong tren trai non va trai gia. Bp tri thurdng gay hai quanh nam, dac biet la cac thang mua kho. 4 Bo tri Trdi thanh long bi bo tri gay hai Bien phdp phdng tri( Can kiem tra vu'dn thu'dng xuyen, phat hien sdm, neu CO ray can xu* ly bang thuoc nhom Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid hay Thiamethoxam nhu" Thiamax, Actara Dac biet giai doan nu c6 kich thu'dc tijf 3 - 10 cm, day la giai doan nguy hiem nhat. Neu phat hien trl thi viec phong trij" se khong dat hieu qua. 5. Sen nhd^t, o'c ma Cdch gay hai 6c sen va sen dep (sen nhdt, sen tran) phat trien manh trong mua mu'a. Ban ngay an ndi am, mat, du'di Idp rdm tu, ban dem chiing xuat hien va an pha phan non cua canh, hoa, trai thanh long de lai nhiing vet tray xu'dc lam mau ma qua thanh long bi hu'hai khong the xuat ban du'dc. 5 Sen trail 6c sen Bien phdp phdng trif: - Ve sinh viTdn, don sach c6 dai vao mua mifa. - lam thuoc diet oc Deadline Bullet, Yellow-K vao bong heo hoac trai chin hu" de lam ba, dat ndi sen, dc tap trung thu'dng hay lui tdi, hoac dat giffa hai hang thanh long, go'c vifdn 6. Cac loai bo canh cufng Cdch gay hai Bo canh ciJng thifdng gay hai cf v6 va tai trai gay vet thifdng tao dieu kien cho nam benh va vi khuan gay hai lam giam mau ma cua trai. Bien phdp phdng tril - Ve sinh vu'dn, phat quang bui ram, c6 dai, bon phan chuong hoai. - Bo trirdng thanh c6 kich thu'dc kha Idn, de phat hien nen bien phap tot nhat la bat bang tay. 6 - Bien phap hoa hoc: Co the diing cac loai thuoc hoa hoc nam trong danh muc cho phep cua Bo Nong nghiep & PTNT nhu* nhom Cue tong hdp de phun Cdu can Bo xbe 7. Ruoi due trai: Cdch gay hai Ruoi due trai la do'i tu'dng nguy hiem va la dol tu'dng kiem dich rat khat khe cua nhieu nUdc tren the gidi. Ruoi cai chich vao v6 trai va de tru'ng vao ben trong, ben ngoai Idp v6 CO dau chich se bien mau nau, khi tru'ng nd thanh gioi an pha ben trong trai lam thdi va rung trai. Ruoi due trai thanh long Trai thanh long bi ruoi due trai gay hai 7 . Bien phdp phon^ trie - Ve sinh dong ruong, thu gom lieu huy trai rung. - Thu hoach trai chin kjp thdi. - Ap dung bien phap bao trai. - Su" dung bay pheromone de diet ruoi difc (Flykil 95 EC, Vizubon-D): Tarn pheromone c6 tron thuoc trij" sau vao mieng tham; Can vao bay va treo len cay; Tranh anh sang chieu trifc tiep vao bay; Moi 2 tuan thay thuoc 1 Ian; Nen treo bay dong loat tren dien rong. - Phun moi protein (SofriProtein, EntoProtein + Fipronil 5% SC): Ruoi thanh triing can an protein de con cai phat trien triJng, con difc phat trien tinh triing. Uu diem cija phu'cfng phap nay la giet ca ruoi cai va ruoi difc, lu'dng thuoc trjj" sau suf dung it, an toan cho con triing c6 ich. 8. Mot so' do'i tifgfng khac: - Dd: an trai thanh long chin, thu'cfng an nhieu dem mot trai. Co the cang lu'di bat, cho thuoc vao trai ddi an dd de ddi tdi an va chet. - Ngai chich trai: gay hai chu yeu trong mCia mu'a. Bien phap phong trif chu dong bat vao ban dem hoac dat bay ba. - Sau khoang: day la loai sau an tap phan Idn an c6 sau dd an tdi thanh long. Yeu cau lam sach cd dai, bat sau bang lay, neu mat do cao cd the dijng mot so' thuo'c de 8 phun xit nhu": thuoc nhdm sinh hoc (Abamectin va Bacillus thuringiensis). CM y: Cac loai thuo'c trijf sau nhu dau khi su" dung de phong trir sau hai tren thanh long cd qua se anh hu'dng den mau sac cua qua nen phai het siJc can than va phai dam bao thdi gian each ly cua mdi loai thuo'c khi su" dung. III. MOT SO BENH HAI THANH LONG: 1. Benh than thrf Tdc nhdn: Do nam Collectotrichum sp. gay ra. Bac diem gay hai: Benh gay hai chu yeu tren hoa, trai. Tren hoa, nam tao thanh nhilng do'm den nho lam hoa bi kho den va rung, tren trai gia va chin cd nhiJng do'm den hcJi tron 16m vao v6. Benh phat trien manh trong dieu kien thdi tie't ndng am, mu'a nhieu. B^nh than thU tren bong B^nh than thUtren trai 9 Bien phdp phbng trii - Tia canh cho cay thong thoang, loai bo canh bi sau benh, khong cho canh tiep xuc vdi daft. - Tieu huy cac canh, qua bi benh nang. - Phun thuoc phong trijf benh nhU Map super 300 EC, Ringo-L 20 SC, Antracol 70WG, Avalon, Nativo, Tepro super. Cure super, khi dieu kien thdi tiet thuan loi cho benh phat trien (mu'a nhieu). - Chii y luan phien thuoc trong cac Ian xit de dat hieu qua cao trong phong trij" benh than thu". 2. Benh tho'i be: Tdc nhdn: do vi khuan Erwinia gay ra Dqc diem gay hai: Benh phat sinh manh vao miia he, nhiet do cao (30 - 34OC) nang gay gat cac canh hu'dng phia tay bi hai nang. Luc dau ve't benh c6 mau vang, sau do vet benh Ian rong va mong nu'dc, thoi phan thjt la chi de lai xu'dng la, th^dng bi benh d chop non cua canh. lieiih thdi be 10 Bien phdp phong trii - Chon ruong khong bi benh de lay giong trong. - Cat tia each ly nhffng canh bi benh, xuf ly vet cat bang nu'dtc Clo - Quan ly nifdc to't (thoat het nu'dtc mCia mu'a, du am mua kho) - Co the diing nhom thuoc goc dong hoac cac thuoc dac tri vi khuan (Kasai, Norshield, Avalon, Poner, Kasumin ) . 3. Benh mat ca: Tdc nhdn: do nam Dothiorella sp. gay ra Dac diem gay hai: Benh xuat hien cac vet tron mau den tren be la c6 nhiJng diem do da cam d giffa giong nhu' mat ca, cac vet benh c6 the Ian toan than, neu khong c6 bien phap tieu diet kip thdi benh lam giam kha nang quang hdp, anh hu'dng tdi nang suat, chat lu'dng trai. Canh bi b^nh mat cd 11 Bien phdp phbng trit: - Trbng canh sach benh - Tia canh thong thoang, cham soc vifdn chu dao - Tranh de ruong ung vao mua mifa - Phun thuoc Ridomil gold, Tilt super, Anvil, Score 4. Benh nam canh: Tdc nhdn: do nam Macssonina agaves gay ra. Dac diem gay hai: Tren canh c6 mot Idp bot mang mong mau xam xanh phu len, lam cay giam quang hdp, anh hu'dng tdi nang suat trai thanh long. Canh bi b?nh nam canh Cay bi b?nh nam canh * Bi^n phdp phbng trif: - Giong nhu" benh mat ca. 5. Benh do tuyen trung: Qua dieu tra thi/c te' cac vung trong thanh long trong tinh xuat hien 3 - 5 loai tuyen trung tuy theo vung dat va 12 dieu kien canh tac. Cu the nhu" tuyen triing gay not san re, tuyen trung gay thoi dau re, tuyen triing noi ky sinh Co the phong trilf bang cac loai thuoc Map logic, Sincosin Agrispon, Mocap, Entocap ) . 6. Benh dd'm trang canh, qua (hay con goi la Dom Nau). Tdc nhdn gay benh: Nam gay benh c6 ten khoa hoc la Neoscytalium din- udiatum (penz) Craus va Slippers. Dac diem gay hai 13 nhifng cham nho mau trang, tron deu, lorn, kich thiTdc khoang 1- 3 mm (nhif mat diep luc), ve sau ve't benh chuyen sang mau nau vang nhu* mau cua benh ri sat, phan trung tam cua vet benh hcfi loi, ve't benh cang gia vet loi cang nho cao tren mo ky chu ve sau Idn dan c6 kich thu'dc khoang 3-5 mm, ve sau vet benh c6 the lien ket va gay thoi tren canh thanh long. , Tren canh: benh hai chu yeu tren canh non va canh banh te. Tren qua: benh hai ca qua non iSn qua gia va hai nang khi thanh long chin. Neu gap thdi tiet thuan IcJi nang mu'a xen ke benh phat trien va lay Ian rat nhanh. 14 Bien phdp quan ly benh - Gid i phdp gidng Cay giong: tuyel doi khong nhan giong thanh long tLf nhfrng cay va nhiJng virdn nhicm benh. Chi siJ dung cay difdc xac dinh sach benh de lam vat lieu nhan giong. Tranh van chuyen cac vat lieu trong c6 xuat xu* tij* nhiJng khu vifc bi nhiem benh sang khu viTc khac. Kicm tra hom giong trong dam bao sach benh. - Bien phdp canh tdc Tu'di nirdc day dij vao budi sang; bon NPK can do'i, hdp ly, khong bon nhieu dam va lam dung cha't kich thich sinh trifdng lam cho canh mem ycu va ra choi non khong tap trung tao dicu kien cho benh phat sinh, phat trien. Can tang cUdng bon them cac loai phan c6 chifa Kali, Canxi, Magic, Silic de tang siJc do khang cho cay. - Bien phdp ca gic'/i. Ve sinh dong ruong, don sach tan dLi* thUc vat tren vu-dn thanh long, cat tia canh sau thu hoach lam cho vu-dn thong thoang, loai bo canh nhicm benh dc loai bo mam benh tren cay thanh long. Sau khi cat tia nen ihu gom lai thanh dong, phun thuoc phong ngij'a irxi benh. Cong viec tren du'dc tien hanh thu'dng xuyen dac biet vao mCia mu'a se cho hieu qua cao. Tham vifdn thiTdng xuyen, khi phal hien choi hi nhiem benh can tien hanh cat bo va tieu buy (ebon, dot, hay bo vao tiii nylon rai voi bpt va buoc kin ). Dung cu dupe su" dung trong vice cat bo nguon benh can difdc diing rieng va ve sinh tru'cfc khi tia canh bang each hd len ngon liJa. Bien phap tia tieu hiiy canh nhiem benh chi dat hieu qua cao khi du'dc tien hanh dong loat va thu'dng xuyen tren toan khu vifc bj nhiem benh. Doi voi nhUng viCbn bi benh, khong tiidi phu canh vao buoi chieu toi. - Bien phap boa hoc. Hien nay, chu'a c6 loai thuoc nao dac trj benh. 7. MOt so benh sinh ly khac: Cay thanh long c6 the bi mot so benh sinh ly khac nhu": vang canh sinh ly, dom rong canh, trang bac canh va trai non bi di dang Day la bieu hien cua viec cham soc nhu" thieu nu'cfc, c6 dai qua nhieu, thieu phan, ngap ung Ngoai ra do nha chu'a thanh thao trong viec su" dung phan bon la va chat kich thich tang tru'cfng tren trai thanh long, nen lam cho thanh long chin khong deu (thu'5ng gpi la lem), mau sac xau, tai thanh long bi mem vang anh hudng Icfn den chat lifdng thanh long. 16 IV. NHlfNG VAN DE CAN LlJU Y I. SuT dung thuoc bao ve thi/c vat theo nguyen tac 4 dung. Dpc ky hifcfng dan sir dung tren bao bi thuoc tru'cfc khi suf dung. 1. Diing thuoc. 2. Dung nong dp lieu lu'png 3. Dung luc 4. Dung each II. Mot solifuy: 1. Tuyet doi khong lam dung thuoc bao ve thifc vat va chat kich thich sinh tru'dng cho Thanh long theo Chi thj 40/CT-UBBT ngay 16 thang 8 nam 2007 cua Chu tjch Uy ban nhan dan tinh Binh Thuan. 2. Luon luon suf dung luan phien cac loai thuoc bao ve thiTc vat. 3. Tuyet doi phai dam bao dung thcfi gian each ly. 4. Khong hon hpp qua nhieu loai thuoc va phan bon la trong mot bmh phun. 5. Chi suf dung thuoc bao ve thifc vat khi that can thie't theo nguyen tac IPM (Quan ly djeh hai tdng hpp). 17 ' [...]... thuoc thucyng diMc ndng dan sik dung tren cay thanh long, c6 logi da dang ky, c6 logi chua dang ky si'f dung cho cay thanh 40%WSG: kich thich long Ddy Id tdi lieu tham khao vd phuc sinh trufing/ bjp cai chep nhgt ky dSu Ha Ian, ca chua - Viec ca rot, cai thao thanh long, 8 KTST Comcat 150 WP kich thich sinh truftng/ Kich thich V Kich thich sinh truSng thanh long, BVTV sinh tracing 1 vu cho viec ghi... 10EC: sau khoang/ Kien /thanh long Regent 800 WP Thcfl gian each ly thuoc la; sau khoang/ Nhom thud'c trir siu 1 Muc dich siJr dung cua n5ng dSn 2.SEC: sau xanh, rep/ 10EC, 25EC sn Dd'i tUglng dSng ky trgn thanh long Tilt Super 300EC Dom la/ l9c; ri sat/ dju tUdng; dom den qua/ Chua sau an tap 14 nhan Chua 19 STT Ten thircrng m^i cay trbng ddng ky D ' \H(fng Qi ding ky trSn thanh long 5 Avalon 8WP Folicur... dSn 4T: kich thich sinh trubng/ che, thanh long Nhom thud'c triT c6 phe; 480DD: c6/ cao su, IV 1 5 Dal tucfng ddng ky trgn thanh long 2 2 3 Chua 40%WSG: Kich thich sinh tru&ng Kich thich sinh tmSng 7 Kich thich sinh \nibng 7 T (20T): kich thich sinh tru&ng/ rau can tay nho, cSy c6 mill, che 21 sn TSn thUofng m?i Cdy tr6ng dang ky Dd'i tugfng dcing ky trgn thanh long Muc dich sir dung cua ndng dSn Tho(i...CAC LOAI THUOC BAO VE THl^C VAT MA NONG DAN BINH THUAN THl/OfNG Stf DyNG CHO CAY THANH LONG (Theo so lieu dieu tra cua Chi cue BVTV ve Tinh hinh sv[ dung thuoc BVTV tren cay thanh long nam 2011 - 2012) sn 9 Tin thUdng mai Decis 2.5EC cay tr6ng ddng ky TSn thifflng mgi cay trQ'ng ddng ky 1 Dd'i tirgfng ddng ky trSn thanh long Muc dich sir dyng cua ndng dSn lac; r?p mupi/ earn 10 Cymkill 2 cay CO mui... lua Chua Bp xoe 7 dom canh/ thanh long Dom canh 4 i 25EC: sau khoang/ lac i 110EC: sau khoang/ lac L Than thU xoai, ca phe, dieu; suonc suong mai/ nho, tao, SoLrthsher 10EC, 25EC Than thu mai/ nho, dua chu6t; Bp trT, bo xit, ray/ liia, Miretox 10WP 5 7 1 C r§/ hanh; than thif 6 O 14 Bo trT 70WP: dom la/ bjp eai, rep/ ca phe 7 thoi trai, dom eanh 25WG: ray/ xoai; bp UV thanh long Chi/a lang/ d^u xanh;... rau cai, bjp cJi, thanh long 7 10SP: kich thich sinh ProGibb 10 SP, T (20T), 40%WSG truflng/ bjp cai, ca chua, Co dai Chat kich thich sinh trirdng Kich phat to la h9t Thien Nong GA-3 Kich thich sinh tmcing/ artiso, rau gia vi, day, nho, lam gia dSu Kich phat to hoa - trai Thien nong Kich thich sinh truSng ca chua, crt bau Falgro 10SP, 13T Kich thich sinh truSng/ Kfch thich nho, thanh long, dua sinh tru5ng... ChUa Ruoi dye qua 2 Vizubon D ruoi dye qua/ cay c6 mIJi Chua Ruoi due qua 3 Sofri protein 10DD ruoi due qua/ thanh long Ruoi xoai, nhan, so ri 4 Ento-Pro 150DD hai qua djnh Ruoi Ruoi Khong xac hgi qua ruoi hai qua/ cay c6 mui man, dao, 6i, vai, doi Khong xac Ruoi due qua due qua djnh hong, thanh long VI 1 Thu6'c trir tuy§'n trung Nokaph 10G tuyen trijng, sau trong 20EC daV ho tieu, thuoc la Chua Tuyet... sat/ dju tUdng; dom den qua/ Chua sau an tap 14 nhan Chua 19 STT Ten thircrng m^i cay trbng ddng ky D ' \H(fng Qi ding ky trSn thanh long 5 Avalon 8WP Folicur 250 EW, 250WG, 430SC Dom canh/ thoi qua thanh long Dom canh thoi qua Muc dich sir dung cija ndng dSn Thoi qua, dom canh Thcri gian each ly Vang Canh 14 Than thu 4 Atonik 1.8 DD, 5 G 1.8DD: kich thich sinh tru&ng/ rau hp thjp ti/, cay CO mill, hoa,... xoai Chua Native 750 WG than thu/ xoai; dom la/ dua hau; rl sSt/ ca phe, lac, dSu tuong Chua Ridomil Gold ; 68WP: moc suong/ nho; 68 WP, 68WG 1 than thu/ xoai Dom canh 68WG: than \hu/ xoai; dom canh/ thanh long Glyphosan 480 DD CO/ Vifosat 240 DD, 480 DD Chua 2 3 20 CO mui Gibber 2SP, 2SL, 2SP: kich thich sinh Kich thich 4T: trufing/ rau can, xoai, 4T, 10SP, 10T, kich thich sinh tracing cam, dua h '... Nokaph 10G tuyen trijng, sau trong 20EC daV ho tieu, thuoc la Chua Tuyet trung 2 EtocaplOG tuyen tmng/ ho tieu Chua Tuyen trting 3 Sincocin - Agripon Tuyen trung/ he tieu, Tuyen trung Tuyen triJng thanh long VII 1 Thufl'c trir Be Bolis 4B, 68, 108, 128 2 22 6c buou vang/ liia Chua 6c ma S6n nhOt, 6c buou vang/ lija Chua 6c buou vang/ liia Chua 6e ma Sen nhOt, Yellow - K 10BR, 250SC 6c ma Sen nh6t Bayluscide . CO dau chich se bien mau nau, khi tru'ng nd thanh gioi an pha ben trong trai lam thdi va rung trai. Ruoi due trai thanh long Trai thanh long bi ruoi due trai gay hai 7 . Bien phdp phon^. vu-dn thanh long, cat tia canh sau thu hoach lam cho vu-dn thong thoang, loai bo canh nhicm benh dc loai bo mam benh tren cay thanh long. Sau khi cat tia nen ihu gom lai thanh dong,. Ngoai ra do nha chu'a thanh thao trong viec su" dung phan bon la va chat kich thich tang tru'cfng tren trai thanh long, nen lam cho thanh long chin khong deu (thu'5ng