DE CUONG HOAN CHINH 11 HKII

TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP HỌC KÌ II MÔN TIẾNG ANH 11 (năm học 2010-2011) A/ Accent mark: Dấu nhấn/ Trọng âm 1. Đối với những từ gồm có 2 hoặc 3 vần, trọng âm thường rơi vào vần đầu.(nêu là danh từ hay tính từ) nều là động từ thì nhấ vào vần thứ 2 Ex: péasant, spécial, média, phótograph, (v) present, enjóy, represént 2. Đối với những từ gồm có 4 vần (hoặc nhiều hơn), trọng âm thường rơi vào vần thứ 3 kể từ cuối. Ex: géography, univérsity, commúnicate, technólogy, 3. Đối với những từ tận cùng có các vần như: -ion, -ic, -ian, trọng âm thường rơi vào vần phía trước. Ex: proféssion, demonstrátion, scientífic, photográphic, musícian, electrícian, 4. Đối với những từ tận cùng có các vần như: -oo, -oon, -ee, -een, -eer, -ese, -ette, trọng âm thường rơi vào ngay các vần này. Ex: bambóo, shampóo, cartóon, afternóon, referée, employée, cantéen, thirtéen, enginéer, Vietnamése, Chinése, cigarétte, 5. Đối với những từ có các tiền tố (tiếp đầu ngữ) như: in-, im-, ir-, re-, pre-, dis-, de-, be-, ex-, en-, trọng âm thường rơi vào vần phía sau. Ex: insíde, impóssible, irrégular, repéat, prevíew, discúss, deféat, begín, excíted, enjóy, represént, … B/ Sound: Phát âm 1. Chú ý các phụ âm từ Unit 9- 16. 2. Động từ tận cùng bằng -ED có 3 cách phát âm là: /id/, /t/, /d/. a. Đối với những động từ tận cùng là: -t, -d, khi thêm -ED sẽ phát âm là /id/. Ex: wanted, collected, decided, needed, b. Đối với những động từ tận cùng là: -c, -f, -k, -p, -s, -x, -sh, -ch, khi thêm -ED sẽ phát âm là /t/. Ex: practiced, stuffed, looked, stopped, missed, fixed, washed, watched, c. Đối với những động từ tận cùng là các phụ âm còn lại hoặc nguyên âm, khi thêm -ED sẽ phát âm là /d/. Ex: enjoyed, stayed, managed, cleaned, arrived, called, /s/: p, k, f, t, ex: cats * Phân biệt: s, es /iz/: ss, x z, ch, sh, ge, se, ce ex: horses /z/: ngoài 2 trường hợp trên ex: dogs 1. A. chairs B. hats C. grapes D. roofs 2. A. crops B. farmers C. vehicles D. fields 3. A. chooses B. horses C. rises D. roses B. RELATIVE CLAUSES Mệnh đề quan hệ còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ (adjective clause) vì nó được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề này được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ Who, Whom, Which, Whose, That hoặc các phó từ quan hệ như When, Where, Why. 1. Cách dùng: * Who: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ cho động từ sau nó. (sau who phải là một động từ) VD: The women who lives next door is very friendly. * Whom: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó. Có khi người ta dùng Who thay cho Whom. (sau whom phải là một đại từ khác, không phải là một động từ ) VD: The man whom you saw yesterday is my uncle. (you là một đại từ) * Which: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ con vật, đồ vật làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó. (chỉ cần thấy trước which là môt danh từ chỉ vật) VD: The book which has some wonderful pictures is about Africa. The dog which you gave me is lovely. * That: Đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người, vật, đồ vật dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which, trong mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại Restrictive clauses (mệnh đề hạn định). VD: The book that you lent me is interesting. This is the man that I met in Paris last month.  Lưu ý: - That thường được dùng sau danh từ có tính từ so sánh bậc nhất (the best, the most…; everybody, anybody, nobody, somebody, everything, something…) VD: He’s the best teacher that I have ever know. - That được dùng khi danh từ trước nó chỉ cả người, vật. VD: I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park. - That không bao giờ được dùng trong mệnh đề không hạn định, và không đứng sau giới từ, that dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ nhằm xác định nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước và không tách rời mệnh đề chính bằng các 2 dấu phẩy. Nếu Who, Whom, Which, That làm tân ngữ thì ta có thể bỏ đi. VD: She’s the person who(m) I met at the party. She ’s the person I met at the party. Have you ever seen the dress that I’ve just bought? Have you ever seen the dress I’ve just bought? * Whose: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người và thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ. Khi dùng cho vật thì = of which. VD: I’ve got a friend whose brother is an actor. John found a cat whose leg was broken. * When: Phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ thời gian dùng để thay thế cho (at/on/in) which, then. VD: I’ll never forget the day when (on which) I met her. That was the time when (at which) he managed the company. * Where: Phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ nơi chốn dùng để thay cho at/on/in) which, there. VD: I went to the office where (in which) my father works. Dalat is the place where (to which) I like to come. * Why: Phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ lí do dùng để thay cho “the reason”. VD: I don’t understand the reason why he was late. *Why: là phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ lý do VD: this is the reasons why they didn’t come 2. Phân biệt: Có 2 loại mệnh đề quan hệ a. Restrictive Clauses (mệnh đề hạn định): Không có mệnh đề này, câu không đủ nghĩa vì đứng trước chưa xác định.VD: I don’t know the man who is talking to Mary. The picture which Tom is looking at is beautiful. b. Non-Restrictive Clauses (mệnh đề không hạn định): không có mệnh đề này, câu vẫn đủ nghĩa khi từ đứng trước đã xác định. Trước danh từ thường có this, that, these, my, your…, hoặc tên riêng. Nó ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng các dấu phẩy. Vd: His father, who is working in a shoe factory, will retire next year. I had a personal talk with Jane, who wanted to take that job. 3. Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ (Reduced form of relative clauses) + Rút gọn bằng cách dùng Participle phrase (cụm phân từ). Có 2 loại participle phrase: - Present participle phrase (phân từ hiện tại): bắt đầu bằng V-ing. - Past participle phrase (phân từ quá khứ): bắt đầu bằng p.p (V-ed/V3) Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng Present participle phrase. VD: Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday? Do you know the boy broking the window yesterday? Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive) ta dùng Past participle phrase. VD: The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy. The students punished by the teacher are lazy. Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể rút gọn bằng cách dùng To – inf hoặc Infinitive phrase. VD: English is an important language which we have to master. English is an important language to master. C. Can, could and be able to A Chúng ta dùng can để nói một sự việc có thể xảy ra hay ai đó có khả năng làm được việc gì. Chúng ta dùng can+infinitive (can do/can see… ) We can see the lake from our bedroom window. Chúng ta có thể nhìn thấy cái hồ từ cửa sổ phòng ngủ. Can you speak any foreign languages? Bạn có nói được một ngoại ngữ nào không? I can come and see you tomorrow if you like. Tôi có thể đến thăm bạn vào ngày mai nếu bạn muốn. Dạng phủ định của can là can’t (=cannot) I’m afraid I can’t come to the party on Friday. Tôi e rằng tôi không thể đi dự tiệc vào ngày thứ sáu. B (Be) able to… có thể thay thế được cho can (nhưng can vẫn được dùng nhiều hơn) Are you able to speak any foreign languages? Bạn có thể nói được một ngoại ngữ nào không? Nhưng can chỉ có hai dạng can (present) và could (past) nên khi cần thiết chúng ta phải dùng (Be) able to… Hãy so sánh: I can’t sleep. Tôi không ngủ được. Nhưng I haven’t been able to sleep recently. (can không có present perfect) Gần đây tôi không ngủ được. Tom can come tomorrow. Ngày mai Tom có thể đến. Nhưng Tom might be able to come tomorrow. (can không có infinitive) Ngày mai Tom có khả năng sẽ đến. C Could và was able to… Đôi khi could là dạng quá khứ của can. Chúng ta dùng could đặc biệt với: see hear smell taste feel remember understand When we went into the house, we could smell burning. Khi chúng tôi đi vào căn nhà, chúng tôi có thể ngửi được mùi cháy. She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said. Cô ấy đã nói giọng rất trầm, nhưng tôi có thể hiểu cô ấy nói gì. Chúng ta dùng could để diễn tả ai đó là có khả năng nói chung hay được phép để làm điều gì đó. My grandfather could speak five languages. Ông tôi có thể nói được năm ngoại ngữ We were completely free. We could do what we wanted. (= we were allowed to do…) Chúng ta đã hoàn toàn tự do. Chúng ta có thể làm những gì mà chúng ta muốn (= chúng ta đã được phép làm…) D Chúng ta dùng could để chỉ khả năng nói chung (general ability). Nhưng để đề cập tới một sự việc xảy ra trong một tình huống đặc biệt (particular situation), chúng ta dùng was/were able to… (không dùng could) The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody was able to escape or … everybody managed to escape (but not ‘could escape’) Ngọn lửa lan nhanh trong tòa nhà nhưng mọi người đã có thể chạy thoát được. They didn’t want to come with us at first but we managed to persuade them or … we were able to persuade them (but not ‘could persuade’) Lúc đầu họ không muốn đến nhưng sau đó chúng tôi đã thuyết phục được họ. E Hãy so sánh: Jack was an excellent tennis player. He could beat anybody. (= He had the general ability to beat anybody) Jack là một vận động viên quần vợt cừ khôi. Anh ấy có thể đánh bại bất cứ ai. (=anh ấy có một khả năng nói chung là đánh bại bất cứ ai) Nhưng Jack and Alf had a game of tennis yesterday. Alf played very well but in the end Jack managed to beat him or… was able to beat him (= he managed to beat him in this particular game) Jack và Alf đã thi đấu quần vợt với nhau ngày hôm qua. Alf đã chơi rất hay nhưng cuối cùng Jack đã có thể hạ được Alf. (= Jack đã thắng được anh ấy trong trận đấu đặc biệt này) Dạng phủ định couldn’t (could not) có thể được dùng cho tất cả các trường hợp: My grandfather couldn’t swim. Ông tôi không biết bơi. We tried hard but we couldn’t persuade them to come with us. Chúng tôi đã cố gắng rất nhiều nhưng không thể nào thuyết phục họ đến với chúng tôi được. Alf played well but he couldn’t beat Jack. Alf đã chơi rất hay nhưng không thể thắng được Jack D. CONJUNCTIONS: both ….and, not only ….but also, either ….or, neither ….nor 1. Both ….and : đông từ ở hình thức số nhiều 2. Not only ………… but also: đông từ hợp theo chủ ngữ sau but also 3. either ….or và neither ……… nor : đông từ hợp theo chủ ngữ sau OR / NOR 4. Neither + NOUN + nor + NOUN + VERB : động từ luôn ở hình thức khẳng định Ex: Jim is on holiday and so is Carol . Both ……………………………………………………………. They were tired and they were hungry. (not only… but also) ………………………………………………………………… Jim hasn’t got a car. Tan hasn’t got a car, either. Neither …………………………………………………………………………. We can leave today or we can leave tomorrow. (either… or) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …… EXERCISES I. Combine The Sentences, Using Both…… And, Either……Or, Nether… Nor, Not Only… But Also 1.Ron enjoys horseback riding. Bob enjoys horseback riding. (not only……but also)  ………………………………………………………… 2. I like tennis. My husband likes tennis, too. ( both………. and) 3. You can choose the red shirt or the blue one. (either…or) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 4.They don’t like Paris. They don’t like London either.(neither…nor) ………………………………………………………………………… 5.The show is enjoyable. It is also educational. (both . . . and) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.In this course students learn how to save time when drafting papers. They also learn how to edit their work. (both . . . and) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7.Mary is not lazy. She is not disobedient. (neither . . . nor) …………………………………………………………………… 8. This store sells hand-crafted ornaments. It also sells jewels. (not only . . . but also) …………………………………………………………………………………. 9. My father doesn’t drink coca-cola. He doesn’t drink beer either. (neither…nor) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 10.If you don’t go, your brother has to go. (either…or) ………………………………………………………………… E. TAG QUESTIONS: 1. Nếu động từ trong câu phát biểu là khẳng đỉnh thì động từ trong tag question là phủ định và ngược lại. Ex: The meeting started at 8.00 am., didn’t it.? Ha Noi is very beautiful, isn’t it?. She was robbed, wasn’t she?. She didn’t receive my letter, did she?. Peter can speak 5 languages, can’t he?. 2. câu hỏi đuôi đặc biệt : let’s ………, shall we?. I am ………., aren’t I? . This/that ………, is/ isn’t it?. These/ those … , …are/ aren’t they?. everything, nothing ,something …………., … is/ isn’t.IT?. everybody, noone, some one ……… , ……are/ aren’t .they?. please + V1 (mệnh lệnh) … , will you?. Nobody(one), nothing, + V (Khẳng định), V (Khẳng định)?. S + V + never/ hardly/ rarely, no longer …, V (khẳng định) TAG QUESTIONS: 1.He hardly ever makes a mistake, ________? 11.Let's go out for dinner tonight, ________? 2.She'd save money if she bought fresh food, ________? 3.She's very' funny. She's got a great sense of humour, ________? 12.That isn't Bill driving, ________? 4.The area was evacuated at once, ________? 13 Don't touch that button, ________.? 5.Mr Smith usually remembered his wife's birthdays, ________? 14 I'm too late, ________? 6.Nobody liked the play, ________? 15.Nothing went wrong, ________? 7.Neither of them offered to help you, ________? 8.There'll be plenty for everyone, ________? 16.He never .works very well, ________? 10.This won't take long, ________? 9 There used to be trees here, ________? 17.He ought to have made a note of it, ________? F. REPORTED SPEECH IN PASSIVE VOICE ( câu tường thuật ở dang bị động) Say (said), think (thought), believe (believed), want(wanted) report (reported) , expect (expected) ……… S + V (tường thuật) that + S + V + O Cách 1 : It +BE + V3/ Ved that + S + V + O S + V (tường thuật) that + S + V + O Cách 2: S +BE (chia theo thì câu đề) + V3/Ved + TO infinitive … ( nếu động từ sau that ở hiện tại) + TO HAVE +V3Ved ( nếu động từ sau that ở quá khứ) It is said that she is a good student VD: People say that she is a good student She is said to be a good student (nguoi ta cho rang co ay la mot hoc sinh tot) It was believed that he stolen the car They believed that he stole the car (nguoi ta tin rang anh ay da danh cap chiec xe) He is believed to have stolen the car G. CLEFT SENTENCES ( Câu chẻ - câu nhấn mạnh ) A. Cleft sentences in the active : 1. Subject focus : We use cleft sentence to emphasize the subject of the action. It+is/was + NOUN (Subject) + Who/ that + V Ex 1 : My brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.  It was my brother who bought his new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday. Ex 2 : The man gave her the book. => It was the man who gave her the book. 2. Object focus : We use cleft sentences to emphasize the object of the action. ACTIVE: It is/ was + NOUN (Object) + that + S +V Passive : It is/was + Noun + that + S +be+V3/Ved (by+O) Ex 1 : My brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.  It was a new car that my brother bought from our next- door neighbour last Saturday. Ex 2 : The boy hit the dog in the garden. => It was the dog that the boy hit in the garden. 3. Adverbial focus : We use cleft sentences to emphasize the adverb ( time / place / …… ) It is/ was + Adv + That + S +V +O Ex 1 : - My brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.  It was last Saturday when my brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour. Ex 2 : - She bought him a present at the shop. => It was at the shop that she bought him a present. B. Cleft sentences in the passive : Cleft sentences can also be used in the passive voice. Ex 1 : The boy hit the dog in the garden. => It was the dog that was hit in the garden. Ex 2 : A. I heard that a dog bit you yesterday. B. No. It was the postman that was bitten by the dog. EXERCISES Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences; using Cleft sentences 1.The boy visited his uncle last month. => 2. My mother bought me a present on my birthday. => 3. Huong and Sandra sang together at the party. => 4. Nam’s father got angry with him. => 5. The boys played football all day long. => 6. The girl received a letter from her friend yesterday. => 7. His presence at the meeting frightened the children. => 8. The man is learning English. => 9. The woman gave him the book => 10. She sent her friend the postcard. => 11. Hoa borrowed the book from Long. => 12. The little boy greeted his grandfather in a strnge language. => 13. The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions. => 14. The dog barked at the stranger. => 15. She made some cakes for tea. => 16. His father repaired the bicycle for him. => 17. She presented him a book on his birthday. => 18. He met his wife in Britain. => 19. She bought that present from the shop. => 20. The meeting started at 8.00 a.m. => Exercise 2: Change the sentences into cleft sentences in the passive. 1.Fans gave Christina lots of flowers. => 2. The pedestrian asked the policeman for direction to the post office. => 3. People talked a lot about his house. => 4. His father bought him a bicycle for his birthday. => 5. He described his hometown in his novel. => 6. She frightened the children. => 7. Her younger sister broke her glasses. => 8. The prince kissed my younger sister at the party. => 9. My father gave me this story book as a birthday present. => 10. Vietnamese people celebrate Tet as the greatest occasion in a year. => A. PHONETICS I Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others. 1. A . dates B. chores C. talks D. helps 2. A. tests B. grades C. terms D. teachers 3. A. faces B. lakes C. causes D. stresses 4. A. plants B. products C. reserves D. elephants 5. A. biologists B. generations C. expeditions D. temperatures 6. A.enjoys B. feels C. takes D. gives 7. A. brothers B. weekends C. problems D. secrets 8. A. shops B. notes C. mouths D. blacksmiths 9. A. airports B. suitcases C. things D. calculators 10 .A. fills B. adds C. stirs D. lets 11.A. sewed B. agreed C. covered D. protected 12.A. smoked B. served C. discussed D. developed 13.A. linked B. declared C. finished D. developed 14.A. derived B. enacted C. destroyed D. endangered 15.A.explored B. entered C. remained D. balanced 16.A. defended B. composed C. completed D. supported 17.A. joined B. solved C. planned D. founded 18.A. allowed B. appalled C. injured D. wounded 19. A. influenced B. accompanied C. terrified D. averaged 20. A. beloved B. naked C. wicked D. confused 21. a. decreased b. influenced c. endangered d. established 22. a. pleased b. raised c. practiced d. used 23. a. attracted b. added c. competed d. developed 24. a. practised b. stamped c.indulged d. accomplished 25. a. helped b. borrowed c. dismissed d. booked II. Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from the others. 1. a. interference b. consequences c. electricity d. entertainment 2. a. preserve b. devastate c. endanger d. release 3. a. fertilize b. deliver c. imagine d. destroy 4. a. energy b. exhausted c. natural d. plentiful 5. a. electricity b. geothermal c. alternative d. radiation 6. a. available b. potential c. unlimited d. infinite 7. a. release b. supplies c. nuclear d. convenient 8. a. ecologist b. fertilizer c. dangerous d. scientist 9. a. Asian b. gather c. advance d. decade 10. a. facilities b. solidarity c. performance d. aquatic 11. a. appreciate b. promote c. participate d. introduce 12. a. athletics b. hockey c. volleyball d. rugby 13. a. volunteer b. competition c. enthusiastic d. intercultural 14. a. hobby b. guitar c. modest d. common 15. a. discarded b. successful c. profitably d. accomplished 16. a. ignorant b. continual c. gigantic d. indulge 17. a. occupy b. admire c. organize d. classify 18. a. category b. regular c. relative d. equipment 19. a. industry b. memorable c. document d. electricity 20. a. interfere b. machinery c. apparent d. achievement 21. a. uranium b. confidential c. discovery d. emergency 22. a. mature b. nature c. culture d. measure 23. a. advantageous b. photography c. proverbial d. magnificent 24. a. pursuit b. leisure c. popular d. television 25. a. memento b. solitude c. spectacular d. athletics 26. a. average b. instrument c. enormous d. generous 27. a. engrave b. spectator c. ability d. undertake 28. a. entertain b. recreation c. sophisticated d. population 29. a. scientist b. president c. engineer d. astronaut 30. a. conquest b. venture c. technical d. artificial. II. VOCABULARY- GRAMMAR A. VOCABULARY 1. The hotel staff are always friendly and courteous. a. efficient b. polite c. helpful d. perfect 2. There was no mention of the incident in the national press. a. television b. newspapers c. Internet d. radio 3. I need to ______ £1,000 to my daughter's account. a. transfer b. transform c. transmit d. transact 4. ______ to the magazine can take advantage of this special offer. a. Subscribe b. Subscription c. Subscribing d. Subscribers 5. An extra copy of each document was supplied for onward _____ to head office. a. transmit b. transmitted c. transmitter d. transmission 6. We offer a very _____ rate for parcels of under 15 kg. a. competing b. competent c. competitive d. competition 7. The society was set up to ______ endangered species from extinction. a. prevent b. distinguish c. preserve d. survive 8. If people stop destroying animal's natural habitat, more species will survive and produce ______. a. offspring b. ecology c. landscape d. benefit 9. Oil spills are having a devastating effect on coral reefs in the ocean. a. powerful b. significant c. disastrous d. detectable 10.We continue to rainforests and increase the dangers of global warming. A. cut off B. cut in C. cut out D. cut down 11.They started a campaign to smoking among teenagers. A. encourage B. decrease C. discourage D. prohibit 12.The Earth will be a planet where' human beings, animals and plants live in peaceful A. cooperation B. coordination C. corporation D. coexistence 13.Many newer cars have a much lower fuel ______. a. consuming b. consumer c. consumation d. consumption 14.Increased consumption will lead to faster of our natural resources. a. exhaust b. exhausting c. exhaustion d. exhaustive 15 is produced from the heat stored in the earth's core. a. Geothermal energy b. Nuclear energy c. Solar energy d. Water energy 16.Recently the Asian Games has increased in ______. a. polular b. popularizing c. popularity d. popularly 17.We live in an age of rapid scientific and technological _____. a. advance b. advances c. advancing d. advancement 18.Shortly after receiving her gold medal, the Olympic champion answered questions at the press _____. a. discussion b. assembly c. conference d. seminar 19.This multi-sport event is an occasion when friendship and _____ are built and promoted. a. knowledge b. solidarity c. effort d. enthusiasm 20.Watching television is by far the most popular ______. a. intensity b. occupation c. recreation d. passion 21.I am very ______ in the information you have given me. a. interested b. surprised c. depressed d. concerned 22.There has been an increase in the ______ of folk music over recent years. a. popular b. popularity c. popularize d. popularization 23.______ applicants should send their completed forms to the personnel office. a. Quality b. Qualitative c. Qualifications d. Qualified 24.There is an enormous range of holiday courses on ______ in the summer. a. demand b. suggestion c. advice d. offer 25.Eating out is the national ______ in France. a. pastime b. interest c. hobby d. game 26.There is considerable ______ over the safety of the treatment, so it hasn't been applied yet. a. agree b. agreement c. disagree d. disagreement 27.No one knew precisely what would happen to a human being in space. [...]... these statements is not made? a Drinking water is polluted b Radioactive waste poisons the sea c Sewage isn't processed d Cars and factories poison the air 2 The writer _ a is surprised that the rain is poisoned b is unsured why the air is polluted c wonders why the natural world is being destroyed d understands why forests and lakes are being destroyed 3 Rainforests are being destroyed because governments... poisoned It's little wonder forests and lakes are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing Yet the destruction continues Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to extract the earth's mineral riches and to plunder its living resources The great rainforests and the frozen continents alike are seriously threatened And this despite the warnings of... d circuiting 31 Many people are demonstrating to express their with the new land law a satisfied b satisfactory c satisfaction d dissatisfaction 32 The astronauts were able to send the information back to the earth a spaceships b space stations c spacemen d space shots 33 Man has witnessed a great many significant of science and technology in the past few decades a achieves b achieved c achievers... and the deep concern of millions of ordinary people Despite the fact, too, that we can create environmentally-clean industries, harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the Earth in a way that will safeguard our future and protect all the rich variety of life forms which share this planet with us But there is still hope The forces of destruction... danger, Greenpeace has made a stand Its scientific presentations and peaceful direct actions at sea and on land have shocked governments and industri1es into an awareness that Greenpeace will not allow the natural world to be destroyed Those actions, too, have won the admiration and support of millions Now you can strengthen the thin green line; you can make your voice heard in defence of the living world... River delta ……………………………………………………………………………… 4 The victims who were injured in the accident were taken to the hospital ……………………………………………………………………………… 5 The message which is sent today may reach them tomorrow ……………………………………………………………………………… III Rewrite the following sentences using cleft sentence 1 We first heard the news from my sister last night ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 The students... environment 4 The earth's resources a should only be for people b can be made to last longer c will last forever d belong to just humans and animals 5 Governments and industries _ a don't know what Greenpeace thinks b are forced to understand the problems by Greenpeace c can easily ignore Greenpeace d misunderstand what Greenpeace thinks A Read the text carefully then choose the correct... and the survival of our planet Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support This money enables them to invest... cooking vegetable a such b both c either d neither 28 They invited to their golden anniversary a my wife and I b I and my wife c both my wife and I d my wife and me 29 Have you finished your work? - No, I haven't and a she has not too b neither she has c she has either d neither has she 30 Neither the teacher nor his students pleased with the performance of the team a was b were c has been d... Reduce the following relative clauses to phrases, using to infinitive phrases 1 He was the last person that would be considered for that position …………………………………………………………………………… 2 Thomas was the first man that reached the top of the mountain …………………………………………………………………………… 3 The first student that hands in the paper will get a small gift …………………………………………………………………………… 4 She was the fourth woman who finished . stirs D. lets 11. A. sewed B. agreed C. covered D. protected 12.A. smoked B. served C. discussed D. developed 13.A. linked B. declared C. finished D. developed 14.A. derived B. enacted C. destroyed. why the air is polluted. c. wonders why the natural world is being destroyed. d. understands why forests and lakes are being destroyed. 3. Rainforests are being destroyed because governments and. remained D. balanced 16.A. defended B. composed C. completed D. supported 17.A. joined B. solved C. planned D. founded 18.A. allowed B. appalled C. injured D. wounded 19. A. influenced B. accompanied