Phát huy vai trò của cộng đồng tri thức người Việt ở Đông Âu trong bối cảnh mới

PHRT HUV Vni TRO CUR CONG DONG TRI THI/C NGITDI VICT O DONG RU TRONG BOI CANH IVIOI Cac nudc Ddng Au nhu Ba Lan, Cdng hda Sec (Tiep Khac trudc day) va Hungary da chinh thirc thiet lap quan he ngoai giao vdi Viet Nam tir dau nhiing nam 50 cua the ky XX. Trong sudt thdi ky dau tranh gianh ddc lap, Viet Nam da dugc Lien Xd va cac nudc XHCN Ddng Au giup da ve mgi mat de xay dyng va bao ve CNXH d mien Bac, dau tranh giai phdng mien Nam, thdng nhat dat nudc. Ciing trong thdi gian nay nhieu bgc sinh, sinh vien, thyc tap sinh, nghien eiiu sinh va can bd Viet Nam dugc cir sang cac nudc nay bgc tap, nghien ciiu va lam viec. Vao dau nhung nam 80 ciia the ky XX, ngoai cac can bd, sinh vien sang edng tac va hoc tap cdn cd sd lugng ldn lao ddng tre Viet Nam dugc dua sang lam viec theo Hiep dinh Hgp tac Lao ddng dugc ky ket giiia Viet Nam vdi cac nudc: Lien Xd, Cdng hda Dan chu Dire, Tiep Khac, Bungaria. Theo cac hiep dinh, da cd ban 240 nghin lao ddng Viet Nam dugc dua sang lam viec d cac nudc nay: 80 nghin d Lien Xd, 60 nghin d Cdng hda Dan chu Dire, 24 rtghin d Bungaria, 14 nghin d Tiep Khac. Vdi Ba Lan va Hungary, tuy khdng ky Hiep dinh Lao ddng cap Nha nudc vdi Viet Nam, nhung van cd mdt sd lao ddng dugc dua sang lam viee thdng qua con TS. Nguyen An Ha Vien Nghien ciiu Chdu Au dudng ky ket hgp ddng tryc tiep giiia cac xi nghiep hai ben. Vao cudi nhiing nam 80, khi che do XHCN d cac nudc Ddng Au tan ra, vi nhieu ly do khac nhau, ca khach quan lan chu quan, mdt sd can bd, bgc sinh, sinh vien va dac biet la nhiing ngudi lao ddng da d lai de lam an sinh sdng. Ciing trong thdi gian nay xuat hien viec di cu hgp phap va bat hgp phap ddng ngudi tir Lien Xd (cii) va cac nudc khac sang, rdi sau dd la hien tugng nhieu ngudi di du lich, tham than nhan d lai lam an. Tat ca cac ngudn dd da tao nen cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam kha ddng dao d cac nudc Ddng Au. Cd the ndi cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam tai mdt sd nudc Ddng Au chii yeu dugc hinh thanh d thdi ky nay. Nhu vay, thdi gian binh thanh va phat trien cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam d cac nudc Ddng Au dien ra chua lau, chii yiu la vao cudi nhirng nam 80 diu nhiing nam 90 ciia the ky XX. Tuy nhien, cdng dong nay ngay nay dang tirng budc dn dinh, hda, nhap vao ddi sdng va cd ddng gdp nhit dinh ddi vdi nudc sd tai ciing nhu cho que huang, dit nudc trong phat triln kinh tl - xa bdi. Nhirng tri thiie - doanh nhan Viet Nam, thudc nhiing the be diu tien d lai sinh sdng, lam an, 'jyitdt hug oai ti'd^. 17 kinh doanh, ddng vai trd rat quan trgng trong qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien cdng ddng ngudi Viet tai nhirng nudc nay. Cung chinh hg la cau ndi giiia cdng ddng ngudi Viet vdi trong nudc, gdp phan thuc day quan he hgp tac toan dien giii'a Viet Nam vdi cae nudc nay. Trong nhirng nam dau the ky 21, tinh hinh kinh te - ehinh tri - xa hdi ciia cac nudc Ddng Au cd nhiing bien chuyen sau sac. Viec cac nudc Ba Lan, Sec, Hungary da chinh thiic gia nhap Lien minh Chau Au vao nam 2004 da tae ddng rat ldn tdi ddi sdng ciia cgng ddng ngudi Viet d cac nudc nay. Trong giai doan hien nay, khi Viet Nam dang tich eye hdi nhap the gidi va khu vyc, phat huy siic manh dan tdc va sire manh thdi dai, day manh cdng nghiep hda va hien dai hda, xay dyng mdt nudc Viet Nam giau manh, dan chil, cdng bang va van minh, viee phat huy vai trd ciia ddi ngii tri thiic Viet kieu ndi chung, tri thii'c ngudi Viet d Ddng Au ndi rieng nham gdp phan eiing cd, phat trien cdng ddng ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai va ddng gdp cho cdng eude ddi mdi d trong nudc la rat can thiet. Dac biet, trong bdi canh hien nay. Dang va Nha nude Viet Nam diy marib viec xay dyng khdi dai doan ket dan tdc, trong dd cd chinh sach dai ngg, thu hiit va bao ve Viet kieu trong viec xay dyng va phat trien dat nudc. I. Mot so dac diem cua cong dong ngiroi Viet va doi ngii tri thirc Viet Nam a Dong Au Thii- nhdt: Cdng ddng ngudi Viet d Ddng Au binh thanh each day khoang 50 nam, ban dau la nhiing tri thirc dugc nha nudc cir sang Ddng Au bgc tap, lao ddng da d lai vi nhieu ly do khae nhau. Tir nhirng nam 1990, bang nhieu con dudng nhap cu khac nhau, cdng ddng nay da phat trien nhanh chdng ve sd lugng. Hien nay rat khd cd the danh gia chinh xac cd bao nhieu ngudi Viet Nam dinh cu d cac nudc Ddng Au. Theo sd lieu thdng ke mdi nhat, con sd ngudi Viet cu trii hgp phap tai Ba Lan bao gdm cu tru vTnh vien, cu trii dai ban va cu tru cd thdi ban den nam 2006 la 6.756 ngudi; sang nam 2007 cdn 6.379 ngudi; den bet thang 6 nam 2008 con sd chfnh thiic la 5.849 ngudi. Trong tdng sd 64.314 ngudi nudc ngoai cu trii hgp phap d Ba Lan, cdng ddng ngudi Viet dung thii 3, sau ngudi Ueraina vdi 19.518 ngudi va ngudi Nga cd 7.362 ngudi, trong dd sd giay phep cu tru vTnh vien cho ngudi Viet la 410 trudng hgp, cu trii dai ban la 117 trudng hgp va cu trii cd thdi ban la 4.443 trudng hgp'. Tuy nhien vin cd sy chenh lech ldn giira cac con sd ma cac ca quan quan ly di trii dua ra vdi con sd thyc tl. Theo sd lieu ma doan edng tac khao sat tai Ba Lan thang 11 nam 2009, cdng ddng ngudi Viet d Ba Lan udc chimg cd tir 30 - 40 nghin ngudi. Cdn theo sd lieu thdng ke ciia Sec, din ngay 31 thang 12 nam 2008, so ngudi Viet Nam d Sec len tdi 60.258 ngudi, chi diing sau ngudi Slovakia (76.034 ngudi). So lieu thong ke cua Ba Lan nam 2008. 18 NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°6 (117).2010 tiep den la ngudi Nga: 27.176 ngudi va Ba Lan: 21.710 ngudi. Hay theo thdng ke ciia Bd Cdng thuang Sec, cd 77.158 doanh nghiep nudc ngoai va 84.488 ngudi kinh doanh dang ki. Trong dd, sd dang ky doanh nghiep nhieu nhat la Viet Nam vdi 32.139 ngudi; thu' hai la Ueraina vdi 21.2213 ngudi; thir ba la Slovakia vdi 9.255 ngudi^. Tai lieu dieu tra chfnh thuc ciia Cyc Di trii Hungary cdng bd: sd lugng ngudi Viet tai Hung trong 8 nam tir 2001 den 2008 tuang irng la 2.893/2.243/2.055/2.368/2.521/3.146/3.095/ 3.045 ngudi. Dd la con sd chinh thuc dugc thdng ke qua hd sa cua ca quan chirc nang Hungary. Nhin chung, tuyet dai da sd ba con da cd giay td dinh cu hgp phap^. Tdm lai, khd cd the dua ra con sd chinh xac ve cdng ddng ngudi Viet tai cac nudc Ddng Au. Con sd udc tfnh d ba nudc Ba Lan, Sec va Hungary cd khoang hon 100 nghin ngudi, trong dd Ba Lan tir 30 - 40 nghin. Sec ban 60 nghin, Hungary gan 5 nghin ngudi. Thir hai: Tinh trang phap ly cua cdng ddng ngudi Viet ciing rat khac biet giiia cac nudc. Ty le cu trii bit hgp phap cao nhit la d Ba Lan (chi khoang 6-7 ngan ngudi tren tdng sd 30 - 40 ngan ngudi, hay khoang 20%) dinh cu hgp phap) tiep do la Sec va Hungary. " Status Report on Migration in the Sec Republic, 2008, Bo Noi vu Sec. So nguoi da dugc Bo Noi vu Hungary cSp 3 loai giay to gom 3 mau bia i<hac nhau:"Tiie Vang", "The Xanh" va "The Nau", ho chieu hoac quic tjch Hungary. Trong giai doan hien nay, Cdng ddng nay tiep tye phat trien. Trong sd nhirng ngirdi Viet nhap cu vao Ddng Au nhirng nam gan day, cd bd phan ldn la nhung ngudi lao ddng gian don, trong do cd nhieu ngudi la than quen ciia nhiing ngudi Viet da dinh cu d Ddng Au. Nhiing ngudi nay thirdng khdng hieu biet nhieu ve van hda ban xir, khdng cd sy chuan bi can thiet khi sang Ddng Au nen kha nang hdi nhap vao nudc sd tai rat thap. Mat khac, hg sinh sdng bat hgp phap nen lam an khdng dn dinh, tu phat, ciing khdng cd y dinh cu tni lau dai nen kha nang hgi nhap cang kem hon. I Thie ba, khdng cd con sd thdng ke ve ty le tri thiic trong cdng ddng ngudi Viet d cac nudc Ddng Au, nghien ciai khao sat cho thay, ty le tri thirc trong cdng ddng cao nhit la d Hungary, thap nhat la a Sec. Vdi cac tri thiic, sau chuyen ddi chinh tri, kinh tl dr cac nudc Ddng Au, phan Idn chuyin sang kinh doanh, hinh thanh nen ddi ngu /;/' thiec - doanh nhdn. Mdt s6 it rit thanh cdng, da thanh lap nhung cdng ty ldn, giiip dd dugc nhieu ngudd khac nhung phin ldn cac tri thiie Viet Nam vin kinh doanh nhd, ehii yiu d cac cira hang, cac khu chg v.v ^ Thie tu, mgt sd dac dilm ndi bat ciia tri thirc - doanh nhan ngudi Viet Nam d Ddng Au: I - Da phan da djnh cu dn dinh, hgp phap va hda nhap vdi xa hdi nude sd tai, nhung rit ft ngudi trong sd hg nhap quoc tich cac nudc 'J)lidt hug, oui ti'H. 19 nay. So vdi cdng ddng Viet kiiu d cac nudc phuang Tay va My, hg van la nhung cdng ddn Viet Nam, mang qudc tich vd hd chieu Viet Nam, cd mdi quan he gan bd mat thiet vdi dat nudc. - Cbi cd mdt sd it tri thuc cdn boat ddng trong ITnh vyc "tri thirc" nhu cac ca sd nghien cim, dao tao. Da phan cac tri thirc Viet d cac nudc Ddng Au boat ddng trong cac ITnh vyc kinh doanh, thuang mai, va chinh hg da hinh thanh nen ddi ngii "tri thiic - doanh nhan" Viet rat dac trung d cac nude Ddng Au va Lien Xd cii. - Ddi ngii tri thuc doanh nhan la hgt nhdn, ddng vai trd cue ky quan trong trong qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt trien ciia cdng ddng ngudi Viet, da phan hg la nhirng ngudi un tii dugc Nha nudc cir di bgc tap va cdng tac d Ddng Au, cd quan he chat che vdi Sir quan va cac ca quan thudng tru ciia Viet Nam tai nhirng nudc nay. Thie ndm, viec cac nudc Ddng Au gia nhap Lien minh Chau Au ciing nhu quan he ngay cang dugc cai thien giiia Viet Nam vdi nhirng nudc nay tao ra nhieu ca hdi va thach thiic cho cdng ddng ngudi Viet va ddi ngii tri thirc Viet Nam d day. Tir nam 2004 din nay, sy hdi nhap vao cac nudc EU tao ra ca hdi lam an, kinh doanh, giao luu giua cae cdng ddng ldn ban, ddng thdi ciing tao ra cac ca hdi de phat trien cac boat ddng lam an phi phap trong toan khu vuc nhu trdng cin sa, budn ban ma tiiy, phy nir, rira tien, budn ban hang nhai dge cac khu "chg" bien gidi v.v Dac biet, cudc khiing hoang tai chfnh toan cau hien nay gay nhieu tac ddng tieu cyc den ddi ngii tri thiic ciing nhu cdng ddng ngudi Viet. Day chinh la thdi diem ddi hdi ddi ngu doanh nhan tri thirc phai "ddi mdi" each nghT, phuong thirc lam an, hgi nhap sau ban, tao ra kha nang canh tranh mdi, phat huy ban niia vai trd "cau ndi" giup ciing cd va phat trien cdng ddng ngudi Viet tai cac nudc nay. II. Mot so giai phap phat huy vai tro ciia tri thiic ngiroi Viet Nam 6' cac nvrdc Dong Au trong boi canh mdi Phdt huy vai tro ciing cd suphdt trien cua cpng ddng - Can cd quan diem rd rang tao dieu kien de ngudi Viet Nam ra nudc ngoai sinh sdng va phat trien, dd cung chfnb la tao dilu kien phat trien dan tdc Viet Nam. Sy ldn manh ciia cdng ddng ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai ciing la sy ldn manh cua dan tdc Viet Nam. Cdng ddng ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai ndi chung va d Ddng Au ndi rieng cang hdi nhap sau vao nudc sd tai thi kha nang ddng gdp cho sy phat triln trong nude cang hieu qua ban. Vi thi, Chinh phu Viet Nam cin cd nhirng bien phap giiip dd va bao ve cdng ddng ngudi Viet d Ddng Au dn dinh cudc sdng de phat trien, cu tru hgp phap va dugc thira nhan d nudc sd tai. Chinh phii tiip tuc dam phan vdi cac nudc Ddng Au vl chinh sach ddi vdi ngudi Viet Nam nhim bao ve 20 NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°6 (117).2010 quyen lgi hgp phap ciia cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai (NVNONN). Hien nay, Ba Lan, Sec va Hungary da la nhii'ng thanh vien Lien minh Chau Au, nen cac nudc nay cd nghTa vy thyc hien cac chinh sach ve nhap cu va ti nan chung. EU da ban hanh chinh sach phat tii va tryc xuat ngudi nhap cu bat hgp phap tren lanh thd EU ndi chung va cac nude thanh vien ndi rieng, vi vay chinh phu Viet Nam can phai sdm tien hanh dam phan vdi cac nudc nay de ky ket cac hiep dinh tao dieu kien phap ly giiip ba con dn dinh lam an, sinh sdng lau dai, tiic bao hd giup hg cd mgt dia vi phap ly d nai cu tru; ddng thdi thdng qua dam phan vdi cac nudc Ddng Au nham ngan chan ludng nhap cu bat hgp phap, ky hiep dinh ve lao ddng mdi. Cac ca quan dai dien cua Viet Nam d Ddng Au can tuyen truyen nhieu hon de ngudi Viet Nam sinh sdng hgp phap, tranh tdi da vi pham phap luat nudc sd tai, cd nhu vay mdi cd the sinh sdng lau dai va ben viing, va gdp phan tao "kenli ngoai giao" tang cudng quan he hiiu nghi giiia hai nudc. - De tao dugc sy gan ket trong edng ddng va gan ket vdi que huong, mgt dieu rat quan trgng la phai duy tri dugc ban sac van hda Viet trong cdng ddng. Nha nudc thdng qua cac ca quan d nudc ngoai khuyen khich ' ba con tiep tye thyc hien viec giii gin ngdn ngii dan tdc, duy tri cac phong tye tap quan cd truyen ciia ngudi Viet Nam. Nha nudc ciing can cd cac ehuong trinh hd trg cdng ddng duy tri ban sac van hda Viet, day tieng Viet cho cac thi be tbii hai, tbii ba de giiip cdng ddng hdi nhap sau vao nudc sd tai. Dac biet Nha nudc can khuyen khich va tao dieu kien dl ddi ngii tri thiic manh dan hon nira, nang ddng hon niia de giup cdng ddng cd sy gan ket va duy tri van hda truyen thdng Viet Nam. - Cac ca quan chiic nang nhu Uy ban Nha nudc ve ngudi Viet a nudc ngoai, Bg Van hda The thao va Du lich, Bd Giao due va Dao tao, cac vien nghien ciiu ve KHXH cd lien quan nen cd nhung phdi hgp trong viec lap cae du an duy tri tieng ndi, chir viet, phong tye tap quan, truyen thdng van hda ddc dao ciia dan tdc. Chii y viec ket hgp vdi chuyen gia nghien cim khoa bgc xa hdi ve cdng ddng Viet Nam di cu, ve van hda giao dye ngudi Viet d nude ngoai, chuyen gia c6 tam huyet nudc sd tai va chuyen gia khac d trong nudc nghien ciiu viec day tiing Viet, van hda Viet cho cdng ddng, dac biet la thanh thieu nien ngudi Viet o nudc ngoai. - Cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam d Ddng Au la mdt bg phan cua dan tdc Viet Nam. Viec hoan thien chfnh sach nhim ddng vien, khuyen khich ba con ddng gdp vao cdng cudc xay dung dit nudc, viec quan tam, hd trg ba con gin giii ban sic dan tdc trong cdng ddng ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai la nhiem vu thudng xuyen cua cac ca quan quan ly cac cap. Dai sii quan Viet Nam tai cac nudc Ddng Au can tang cudng quan tam ddi vdi cdng ddng ngudi Viet ndi chung va ddi ngii 'J)liut Itug oui trix. 21 tri thirc ndi rieng, thudng xuyen cd sinh boat thdng bao tinh binh, thdng tin trong nudc cho cac tri thirc de giiip hg nam dugc thyc te Viet Nam. - Tang cudng thdng tin chinh sach nha nudc ddi vdi kieu bao. Quan diem ciia Dang va Nha nudc ddi vdi ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai da dugc the hien vdi tinh than rat tich cyc: ddy la bd phdn khdng the tdch rdi vd la ngudn luc ciia cdng ddng ddn tdc Viet Nam, Id nhdn td quan trong gdp phdn tdng cudng hgp tdc hieu nghi giiia nhdn ddn ta vdi nhdn ddn cdc nudc. Vi the, nhiem vy ciia tat ca cac ca quan, ban, nganh la phai tiep tye truyen tai nhiing quan diem, chinh sach nay den mgi ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai, dac biet la nhiing chinh sach mdi nhu nhirng thay ddi trong Luat ve Sd hiru nha ciia Viet kieu tai Viet Nam, hay nhiing thay ddi ve mdi trudng kinh doanh v.v Dieu nay giiip cho cdng ddng ngudi Viet d Ddng Au ciing nhu nhirng tri thiic d day tin tudng vao nha nudc Viet Nam va nhan rd dugc vai trd va tiem nang ciia minh ddi vdi sy phat trien ciia que huong dat nude. Cac Sli quan va cac hdi cua cdng ddng ngudi Viet d Ddng Au deu ed an pham hay Website, can dau tu tfnh chuyen nghiep cho cae san pham nay hon niia. Mdt mat, tang tinh trach nhiem trong quan ly ndi dung bai vd, mat khac, cd the xa hdi hda ve tai chinli, phuong thiic boat dgng de sao cho cac don vi bao chi - van hda cua Sii quan trd thanh trung tam thu hiit cac tri thiic d cac nudc sd tai, vira lam tdt nhiem vy chinh tri, kinh te - van hda cua ca quan dai dien d nudc ngoai, vii'a la cau ndi gan ket vdi lye lugng tri thirc tien bd va kieu bao nudc ngoai, di vao thyc tien cude sdng. Thyc hien dugc nhirng vai trd nay se tranh dugc sy lang phi khdng dang cd neu khdng phat huy dugc sire manh cua loai hinh bao chi khi ma sii quan cd the day manh trong bdi canh hien nay va sap tdi. Cac ndi dung ve tri thiic va bao chi, tri thiic va sy hinh thanh cac cdng ddng nhd, sy hd trg cua Nha nudc trong viee thue day quan he chinh tri gdp phan tao dieu kien cho cac ca nhan hdi nhap sau vao the che chfnh tri cap dia phuong ciia nudc sd tai. - Cac sir quan, Uy ban Ngudi Viet tai Nudc ngoai can cd sy quan tam diim bgc hon nii'a, giiip dd nhirng trudng hgp gap khd khan trong giai doan khiing hoang kinh te hien nay, khi rat nhieu ngudi bi mat viec, nhieu ngudi kinh doanh nhd gap khd khan do khung hoang kinh te. Cach thirc: giup hg tim kiem viec lam, cung cap thdng tin va khuyin khich nhirng ngudi trong edng ddng giiip dd cdng viec cho hg. - Nha nudc mdt mat tao dieu kien cho ngudi Viet sang Ddng Au hge tap, kinh doanh hay dinh cu de phat triln cdng ddng ve mat sd lugng, thiic day hgp tac, nhung mat khac van duy tri kiem soat chat che viec di cu ty do, bao dam chat lugng ciia nhiing ngudi di hgp tac lao ddng, kinh doanh, di cu de nang cao chat lugng cua cdng ddng ngudi Viet. 22 NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°6 (117).2010 Phdt huy vai trd cdu ndi ve kinh te thuong mgi, hffp tdc lao dpng - Nha nudc giao cho cac Thuong vy Viet Nam tai cac nudc Ddng Au (dudi sir tai trg ciia Chinh pbii) thudng xuyen td chirc cac hdi nghi hgp tac va dau tu ciia cae Viet kieu tai Ddng Au (theo hinh thirc luan phien tai mdt sd nudc) de phdi - ket hgp cdng ddng doanh nghiep giiia cac nudc nay. Cac td chirc nhu Uy ban Ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai, VCCI, Dai dien Thuang mai cua Viet Nam tai Ddng Au, cac ca quan ngoai giao nen td chirc nhieu hdi nghi xuc tien dau tu va thuang mai trong cac chuang trinh boat ddng cua minh (Cac sy kien nay nen cdng bd rdng rai tren trang Web ciia cac td chirc nay va cd ke hoach sdm tir dau nam de Viet kieu thu xep thdi gian tham dy). Thdng qua cac hdi nghi tren, bang hda, dich vy, siic lao ddng cua Viet Nam dugc quang ba, qua dd thuc day cac lien doanh, lien ket, ket hgp chat che giiia doanh nghiep Ddng Au vdi cac doanh nghiep trong nudc, nham thiic day hgp tac thuong mai ciing nhu dau tu. - Xay dyng va nhan rdng cac md hinh lien kit, hgp tae thanh cdng giira doanh nghiep nguai Viet d Ddng Au vdi cac td chirc d Viet Nam. Khuyen khieh cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam dua ngudi lao ddng sang lam viec hgp phap tai cac nudc Ddng Au, phat huy vai trd cira ngd vao EU trong dieu kien EU dang nhit the hda chinh sach lao ddng va nhap cu. Hien nay, ngudn nhan lye cac nudc Ddng Au dang hudng sang thi trudng Tay Au, tao ra cac khoang trdng cho lao ddng tir cae nudc thir ba. Day la ca hdi rat tdt, can biet tan dyng de dua lao ddng Viet Nam sang Ddng Au nhung nen tap trung vao lao ddng cd chat lugng: dugc dao tao ve ngdn ngii, van bda, cac yeu cau ky thuat ddi vdi cdng viec can thiet. - Ddi vdi nhung tri thiic - doanh nhan la ngudi mang qudc tich Viet Nam dinh cu d Ddng Au, nha nude Viet Nam can xem xet cac ca che hd trg hg dau tu d nudc sd tai. Trong trudng hgp nay, dau tu ciia hg cung gan nhu dau tu ra nudc ngoai ciia cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam khac. - Can cd sy quan tam ciia cac ngan hang va the che tai ehinh trong nude nham giiip hgp phap hda eac ngudn thu nhap ciia ngudi Viet Nam d Ddng Au va dau tu lai vao cac nudc nay. Ngoai ITnh vyc thuang mai dau tu, can thuc day sy hgp tac ve tai chinh, hd trg xuat khau, xay dung mang ludi cac dai ly tieu thy cae mat bang xuat khau, hgp tac dau tu xay dung cac lien doanh tao nen thuang hieu cho hang hda truyen thdng cua Viet Nam, gia tang hieu qua cua hang hda Viet trong chudi gia tri gia tang toan cau, thara gia hieu qua vao he thdng san xuat va phan phdi toan cau. - Coi trgng va phat huy vai trd ciia cac doanh nhan tri thirc trong viec thuc thi mo hinh phat trien ben viing, tang trudng dya tren xuat khau cua Viet Nam trong chien luge qudc gia ve md hinh nay phai tinh den 'J)lidt hug oui ti'A 23 vai trd thiic day ciia cac doanh nghiep viia va nhd cua cac doanh nhan tri thirc d Ddng Au. Thiic day hgp tac trong mdt sd ITnh vyc tiem nang nhu kinh te sach, nhiing xu the ve thuang mai toan cau trong dieu kien ddi phd vdi bien ddi khi hau toan cau, trong hgp tac thyc hien chuyen giao cac cdng nghe sach cho cac doanh nghiep vira va nlid, trong hgp tae thuc day quan he dau tu trong ITnh vyc CDM, trong ap dyng va nhan rdng eac md hinh quan ly hien dai. Thyc hien lien doanh lien ket nham phat huy nhirng mat manh ciia Chinh sach Thuang mai chung ciia EU, tao ra chudi san xuat va tieu thy ciia Viet Nam ngay trong ldng EU, tranh dugc nhii'ng rao can cua hang rao kT thuat, ban che tac ddng tieu cue cua cac bien phap chdng ban pha gia ma EU hay ap dung; thuc day hgp tac trong cdng nghiep che bien thyc pham trong san xuat hang tieu diing ma Viet Nam cd lgi the (sir dung nhieu lao ddng). Tao ra cae cdng ty lien khu vue, thyc su bam re, vuon ra trong thi trudng EU, nhung ciing gdp phan thiic day cac nganh cdng nghiep che bien, cdng nghiep phu trg ciia Viet Nam, tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep Viet kieu tham gia vao cac khu che xuat, khu cdng nghiep. - Thuc day vai trd cau ndi trong chuyen giao cdng nghe, trong dich vy tai chinh, trong dau tu nghien ciin trien khai. Keu ggi cac cdng ty ldn cua ngudi Viet d Ddng Au hoac thdng qua cac cdng ty ciia ngudi Viet d Ddng Au keu ggi cae cdng ty ldn dang boat ddng d chau Au dau tu vao Viet Nam, thiet lap cac phdng nghien cim va trien khai d Viet Nam. Phdt huy vai tro cdu ndi ve vdn hda gido due, khoa hoc cdng nghe - Thudng xuyen td chirc cac boat ddng trao ddi van hda giiia cac td chirc doan the trong nudc vdi cac td chirc ciia ngudi Viet tai cac nudc Ddng Au, cd mdi cac td chirc cua nudc sd tai tham gia. - Tai Uy ban Ngudi Viet Nam, thanh lap Ban Cdng tac ngudi Viet tai Ddng Au lam cau ndi, hoac Lien hiep eac Hdi him nghi len danh sach cac thanh vien dang ky la cac tri thiic ngudi Viet tai Ddng Au, cd can bd chuyen trach gap gd, tiep xuc, xay dyng cac dy an, cac sang kien, tap hgp cac nhu ciu tinh nguyen tham gia cac boat ddng trao ddi khoa bgc, giao dye ciia cac tri thirc Viet tai Ddng Au. - Md rdng cac lien doanh, lien kit trong khoa bgc cdng nghe va khoa bgc xa hdi nhan van nhu thyc hien cac dy an, dl tai chung cd sy tham gia cua cae ca quan nghien ciiu ciia cac nudc Ddng Au va ngudi Viet d Ddng Au. San pham dugc in thanh hai thir tiing, cdng bd rdng rai d hai nudc. Nha nudc nen ban hanh ca chi chung quy dinh viec thu hiit chit xam ciia cac tri thii'c ngudi Viet nhu ky cac hgp ddng cho phep cac tri thiic dugc tham gia nghien ciru, giang day, tien hanh cac nghien cuu, phdi hgp vdi cac td chirc khac tai Viet Nam, cd ca 24 NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°6 (117).2010 che nhu can bd trong nudc theo che do hgp ddng. Cho phep tri thii'e Viet kieu tham gia dau thau cac de tai, cdng trinh dugc thyc hien bang 100% vdn ngan sach hoac dugc tai trg mdt phan. - Cac doanh nghiep dau tu vao dao tao ngudn nhan lye, hgp tac lien doanh trong viee xay dyng cac trudng dai bgc trong nudc, cac chi nhanh d nudc ngoai, gdp phan dao tao ngudn nhan lye chat lugng cao, chi phi thap, tao dau ra cho cac nhan lye cd dii dieu kien va mong mudn lam viec d nudc ngoai, giai quyet mau thuan giiia chay mau chat xam va thyc sy cd mdt ddi ngii chuyen gia vira dugc bgc viia dugc hanh d cae nudc phat trien, de ddng gdp ve lau dai cho dat nudc. - Cdng ddng doanh nghiep ciia Viet Nam d Ddng Au phat huy vai trd eau ndi tim kiem cae ddi tac ciia Tay Au cd cdng nghe ngudn, khuyen khich hay tao dyng cac mdi lien ket de bg dau tu eho nghien ciiu trien khai d Viet Nam. Tgo Cff hpi ddng gdp true tiep cho su nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda ddt nudc - Khi Dang va Nha nudc da xac dinh "ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngodi la bd phdn khdng the tdch rdi ciia ddn toe Viet Nam, la mdu thit cua ngudi Viet Nam " thi can coi hg nhu nhiing ngudi Viet Nam d trong nudc. Nha nudc phai tien tdi xda bd sy phan biet giiia ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai va ngudi Viet d tai Viet Nam trong mgi van de. ^k thu hiit dugc sy quan tam cua the he tre ngudi Viet d Ddng Au vdi que huang can phai thuan lgi hda cac dieu kien, thii tuc cho nhiing ddi tugng nay khi hgp tac, lien ket hay ve tham que huong. Nha nudc ciing can tinh tdi viec dan dan cho phep nhiing ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai cdn giii qudc tich Viet Nam tham gia vao cac dien dan xay dung phap luat ciing nhu bd may cdng quyen ciia Viet Nam. - Chinh phii va cac ca quan ban nganh trong nudc can xay dung chfnb sach thu hiit, trgng dyng nhan tai cy the, rd rang, dac biet ddi vdi ddi ngii tri thirc ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai. Nhiing nha hoach dinh chinh sach cua Viet Nam can biet lang nghe tam tu nguyen vgng ciing nhu nhirng quan diem chia se ciia ddi ngii tri thiic Viet d Ddng Au trong qua trinh hoach dinh chinh sach. Khdng chi biet lang nghe, Nha nudc cdn phai tao ca hdi de dugc nghe quan diem, chia se cua cac tri thiic nudfc ngoai cho qua trinh hoach dinh chinh sach. Ddi vai nhirng tri thirc Ddng Au, phan ldn hg lam kinh doanh, cin cd chinh sach thu hiit hg diu tu kinh doanh tai Viet Nam, chuyen giao cdng nghe ciing nhu kinh nghiem quan ly trong nin kinh tl thi trudng d cac nudc Ddng Au vao Viet Nam. Cac bd nganh, dia phuang cung triln khai dugc nhiing ca chi cy thi, thiit thyc cung nhu danh nhiing khoan kinh phi thich 'jyiidt liug oui ti'd. 25 dang de thu hiit chuyen gia, tri thiic ngudi Viet d Ddng Au. Chung ta can xay dyng cac ca che, ehinh sach, eac giai phap ddng bd tir vi md den vT md, tang cudng nhan thirc va phdi hgp ciia cac nganh, cac cap de tao ra budc chuyen manh me, tiep them ddng lye cho kieu bao ta ndi chung va tri thirc d Ddng Au ndi rieng, hudng ve dat nudc, tich cyc tham gia ddng gdp xay dyng que huang. Danh gia dung kha nang (thdng qua viec giao yeu cau cy the) va sy ddng gdp (qua viec tra luang thoa dang va dieu kien lam viec tdt) se lam cho nhiing chuyen gia ngudi Viet cam thay dugc tdn trgng, de bii dap nhirng tbiet thdi do sy di chuyen chd d va lam viec mang lai. Nha nudc can cd nhiing chfnh sach dem lai cam giac dugc ddn tiep nhu nhiing ngudi than trd ve nha. Tat ca mgi con ngudi Viet Nam, dii xa que bao nam deu mong mudn cd mdt ngay dugc trd ve trong sy chao ddn ciia nhiing ngudi ddng bao minh. Mgi sy tiep ddn an can va chu dao deu la sy khich le rat ldn, giup nhiing tri thirc Viet kiiu sin sang cdng hien het kha nang cua minh cho sy phat trien ciia dat nudc. - Tao dilu kien thuan lgi cho ba con ve tham que huong va dau tu d Viet Nam. Cy thi hda Nghi quyet 36 ve ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai dang la mdt trong nhiing trgng tam cy thi hda chinh sach ciia Nha nudc Viet Nam nhim tao dieu kien thuan lgi tdi da thu hiit ngudn lye ciia ba con. Viec Nha nudc ban hanh Chfnh sach Mien thi thyc cho ngu'di Viet Nam d nudc ngoai, dugc trien khai tir 1/9/2007 da tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho ba con kieu bao ve tham que huong. Qudc hdi da sira ddi Luat Nha d theo hudng md rdng ddi tugng Viet kieu dugc sd hiiu nha va khdng phan biet ddi xir giira kieu bao va than nhan trong nudc. Ddng thdi, Viet Nam eiing thira nhan "da qudc tich" ddi vdi kieu bao. Dieu nay se gdp phan bao ve quyen lgi ciia kieu bao trong viec dugc ddi xir binh dang, tang ca hdi lam an, hdi nhap vao nudc sd tai. Ngoai ra, Chinh phii Viet Nam khuyen khfeh ba con Viet kieu dau tu ve nudc, gdp phan vao cdng cudc xay dyng va phat trien dat nudc cho dii tdng vdn dau tu ciia ba con Viet kieu trong thdi gian qua van cdn d mirc "khiem tdn". - Cac tri thirc Viet Nam d Ddng Au phan ldn lam kinh doanh, vi the Viet Nam nen keu ggi hg dau tu vao cac dy an vira va nhd cd bieu qua xa hdi cao nhu giao dye hay y te, cac dy an dich vy ngan hang - tai chinh, bat ddng san, du lich hay nghi dudng. Tai lieu tham khao \. Nghi quyit 36/NQ-TW ngay 26/3/2004 cua Bd Chinh Tri ve cdng tac ddi vdi ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai. 2. Nguyen Quang Thuan, Mot so vdn de ve Cong ddng ngudi Viet Nam d cdc nudc Ddng Au, Tap chi Nghien cim Chau Au, sd 5/2009. [...]... Nam tgi mdt sd nudc Ddng Au: Thuc trgng vd vai trd trong bdi cdnh mdi", thang 3 nam 2009 European Policy, littp://www.statewatcb.org/news/2007/niay/e u-com-migration-policy.pdf, 7 Ky yeu hdi thao qudc te: "Cong Tai ngay 25 thang 5 nam 2007 13 littp://ec.europa.eu/iustice ho me/fsj/immigrationyrelations/fsi immigration relations en.htm 8 Nguyen Thanh Son, Tri thiec ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngodi hudng . ngii " ;tri thiic - doanh nhan" Viet rat dac trung d cac nude Ddng Au va Lien Xd cii. - Ddi ngii tri thuc doanh nhan la hgt nhdn, ddng vai trd cue ky quan trong trong qud trinh hinh. canh tranh mdi, phat huy ban niia vai trd "cau ndi" giup ciing cd va phat trien cdng ddng ngudi Viet tai cac nudc nay. II. Mot so giai phap phat huy vai tro ciia tri thiic ngiroi Viet. hda Viet trong chudi gia tri gia tang toan cau, thara gia hieu qua vao he thdng san xuat va phan phdi toan cau. - Coi trgng va phat huy vai trd ciia cac doanh nhan tri thirc trong viec