ĐÈ CƯƠNG HKII MÔN ANH KHỐI 8 A. GRAMMAR A,TENSES: 1, Present tense (thì hiện tại) 2, Past tenses(Thì quá khứ) (+)S + Vs/Ves + O (+) S + V-ed / V(2) + O (-) S + don’t /doesn’t +V + O (-) S + didn’t + V + O (? ) Do /Does + S +V + O? (?) Did + S + V + O? Key words: every, always, usually, often , Key words : last, yesterday, ago… sometimes……… Ex: My father gets up at five every morning Last year, my family went to Nghe An I don’t like fish. He didn’t go to school yesterday Does he have lunch at 11am.? When did they leave? 3. Present progressive (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) (+) S + am/is/are + V-ing Ex: He is reading a book at the moment. (-) S + am not/isn’t/aren’t +V-ing I’m not studying English now. (?) Am/Is/Are + S +V-ing…? What are you doing now? Key words: now, at the moment, at present, today, this week,… * ALWAYS with progressive: always dùng với thì tiếp diễn để diễn tả sự kiện thường xuyên xảy ra với sự không hài lòng hay than phiền (Ex: He is always coming to work late.) 3, Past progressive (Thì quaù khöù tieáp dieãn) (+) S + was /were + V-ing Ex: Last night when I was doing homework, the electricity went out. (-) S + wasn’t /weren’t + V-ing (?) Was /Were + S + V-ing….? Ex: What were you doing at 2 p.m. yesterday? 4, Future tenses(Thì töông lai ñôn) (+) S + will / shall + V + …………. Ex: He will finish his homework tomorrow . (-) S+ won’t / shan’t + V + ……… Lan won’t go to the zoo next week. (?) Will / Shall + S + V + ………. ? Will you do this exercise ? Key words : tomorrow, next, tonight… 5, Present perfect(Thì hiện tại hoàn thành) (+) S + Have /Has +V3/ed Ex: You have studied English for 4 years. (-) S + Haven’t /Hasn’t + V3/ed She hasn’t studied English since 2003. (? ) Have / Has + S +V3/ed Has your father planted trees ye t ? Key words : since, for, just, already, yet… Ex: I have already finished this work. B . The passive form Form: S + BE + V 3 /V-ed (past participle) + by + O Note:- Khi chủ ngữ câu chủ động là: THEY, PEOPLE, SOMEONE, NO ONE, ANYONE………. thì khi đổi sang câu bị động không có By agent . N hưng khi danh từ làm chủ ngữ bắt buộc phải có agent. Tenses Active form ( chủ động) Passive form ( bị động) 1/Simple present S + V(-s/es) + O S + am/is/are +V-ed/V3 + by O 2/Simple past S + V-ed/V2 + O S + was/were +V-ed/V3 + by O 3/Present progressive S + am/is/are + V-ing S + is/are + BEING + V-ed/V3 +……by O 4/Past progressive S + was/were + V-ing S + was/were + BEING + V-ed/V3 +…by O 5/Present perfect S + have/has + V-ed/V3+O S + have/has +BEEN+V-ed/V3 + by O 6/Simple Future S + will + V(bare-inf) + O S + will + BE +V-ed/V 3 + by O - Với động từ đặc biệt (modal verbs): CAN, MUST, MAY, MIGHT, SHOULD, WILL,… 7/ S + modal verb + BE + V-ed / V 3 …… Ex: 1/ John prepares his lessons carefully. - His lessons are prepared carefully by John. 2/Thomas Edison invented the photograph. - The photograph was invented by Thomas Edison. 2/They didn’t help me to do the work. - I wasn’t helped to do the work. 5/His father has collected stamps for ten years. - Stamps has been collected for ten years by his father. 5/Nobody has used this machine for years. - This machine hasn’t been used for years. C. Reported speech ( lời nói trần thuật) là câu thuật lại một cách gián tiếp lời nói của người khác. - Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại thì thì của động từ chính được giữ nguyên khi chuyển lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp.Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn,thời gian và đại từ chỉ định được giữ nguyên. Ex: “I’m arriving at 6:00” says she. – She says (that) she’s arriving at 6:00. -Nếu động từ thường thuật (reporting verb) của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động từ chính về một bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) sang lời nói gián tiếp (indirect / reported speech) theo quy tắc sau : Direct speech Reported speech is/am was are were have /has had will + v 1 would + v 1 can + v 1 could + v 1 must had to shall + v 1 should +v 1 may might don’t/ doesn’t didn’t * Một số chuyển đổi khác: Khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp mà động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ thì các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn và đại từ chỉ định được chuyển đổi theo quy tắc sau : Direct speech Reported speech today / tonight that day / that night ago / now before / then tomorrow the following day/ the day after/ the next day yesterday the day before /the previous day next/ on Monday the next/ following Monday last Monday the previous Monday / the Monday before the day after tomorrow in two days’ time / two days later this / these that / those here there Một số loại câu tường thuật 1. Yes- No questions: (câu hỏi yes-no) Form: S + asked + ( O ) + if/ whether + S + V ( lùi 1 thì ) Ex: “ Do you see new friends?” he said to me → He asked if I saw new friends. Statements : ( câu kể ) Form : S + said / told + O + ( that ) + S + V (l ùi 1 thì ) Ex: “ I’m leaving here tomorrow,” said Mary - Mary said (that) she was leaving there the following day. 2. Requests, commands/advice: (câu mệnh lệnh) Form : S + asked /told …+ O + ( NOT) to-inf. Ex:“Please wait for me here, Lisa.” Peter said . –Peter told Mary to wait for him there. “Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said -The teacher told the children not to talk in class. D. Phrases of purpose : (cụm từ dùng để diễn tả mục đích) (+) to / in order to / so as to + V(inf.) Ex: I study English in order to communicate with foreigners (-) in order not to / so as not to + V(inf.) Ex: He gets up early so as not to be late for school. E. -ed and -ing participle( Quá khứ và hiện tại phân từ ) - Hiện tại phân từ “V- ING” còn gọi là phân từ tác động. Ex: His job is boring. - Quá khứ phân từ “ V-ED/V3” còn gọi là phân từ bị tác động. Ex: This clock is broken. * Quá khứ và hiện tại phân từ : Đứng trước danh từ, hoặc sau động từ liên kết Ex: A tired worker is sleeping on the chair. The story is interesting * Quá khứ và hiện tại phân từ: được dùng để rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ Ex: The boy is in my class . He’s reading a book. → The boy reading a book is in my class. There are many books. They are written in English. → There are many books written in English. F. Compound nouns ( danh từ kép): N1 – V_ing – N2 Ex: It’s a rice-cooking contest. G. Would you mind/Do you mind ? *Yêu cầu ai làm gì : Would you mind/ Do you mind + V-ing ? Ex : Woud you mind opening the window? * Xin phép ai làm gì: Would you mind if I + V ( simple past ) Do you mind if I + V ( simple present) Ex: Would you mind if I used your phone? Do you mind if I use your phone? H. …. find + O + Adj …. Ex: I find your magazine very informative I. Sử dụng nguyên mẫu không “to” ( Bare inf ) 1.Sau cụm từ :would rather ( thà rằng , thích hơn ) Ex: :They would rather have you in their class 2.Sau cụm từ : Had better ( nên ). Ex: They had better tell me the truth. 3. Ở thể truyền khiến ( causative form ) sai,bảo,nhờ,→Dùng với “have”. * S + have/has + NGƯỜI + V(bare inf ). * S + have/has + VẬT + V3/V-ed. Ex: He had his father fix his watch. He had his watch fixed. 4.Trong cấu trúc : S + ( make/let ) + O + bare inf Ex: He made me do it . Let me go . 5.Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết : can , may , must , will , shall,should, would … Ex: They may stay at home. J. Sử dụng nguyên mẫu có “to” (to inf ) 1. Trong cấu trúc : It + be + adj + to inf. ( Các tính từ thường dùng cho cấu trúc này là : happy, eager, ready, glad, anxious, nice, kind, difficult, easy,….) Ex: It’s difficult to make friends in a new school . 2. Trong cấu trúc: Have a chance / an opportunity + to inf . (Có cơ hội / dịp để làm việc gì …) Ex: My father had a chance to go abroad . 3. Trong cấu trúc : S + be + adj + enough + to inf. Ex: : Tom is old enough to go to school by bicycle. 4. Trong cấu trúc : S + be + too + adj + to inf . Ex: They are too young to work hard . 5. Sau những động từ: agree, arrange(sắp xếp), ask, decide, help, hope, offer(ngỏ ý), plan(vạch kế hoạch), prepare(chuẩn bị), promise(hứa), want, wish, volunteer(tình nguyện)…… Ex: I’ve arranged to play tennis tomorrow afternoon. 6.ask, decide, know, remember, forget, explain , learn, understand, wonder + what / where / when / how + to-inf. Ex: I don’t know what to do. 7. show / tell / ask / advise / teach someone what / how / where to do something Ex: Can you show me how to use this machine? K. Sử dụng nguyên mẫu thêm ing ( V_ing ) 1.Sau các giới từ ( prepositions ) : in , at , for , of , about , by , with , without , on ,… Ex:The eighth form pupils are interested in reading books . 2.Sau các liên từ ( cọnunctions ) : after , before , when , while……. Ex: After telling me the secret , they left. 3. Sau các động từ : admit (công nhận ),enjoy( thưởng thức ),escape( trốn thoát ), advoid(tránh xa), consider( xem xét ), imagine( tưởng tượng ), finish( kết thúc ), forgive( tha thứ ), keep=continue, love mind( lưu ý, làm phiền),miss( nhớ ),prefer( thích hơn ), save( cứu,tiết kiệm ), suggest, understand…… Ex: Most people prefer riding to walking L. Useful prepositions ( giới từ thông dụng) Calm down : bình tỉnh help sb. with sth. : giúp đỡ ai việc gì Fall off : rơi, ng ã lean over : cúi, ngả người Ask for : y êu cầu về, xin be interested in sth.: yêu thích, quan tâm đến Cover…with : phủ, che…lại bằng be suitable for : hợp với Instead of : thay vì be fond of sth. : yêu thích Begin with : bắt đầu với For example : ví dụ như Throw……away: ném, quăng đi pick sb. up : đón ai Made from : được làm từ (nhiều thành p ần) carve into sth. : chạm, khắc lên Made of: được làm từ (thành phẩm và chất liệu lá một) be keen on sth.: say mê, ham thích cái gì Made into : đư ợc làm, chế biến thành Wonder at sth. : ngạc nhiên về Share….with : chia sẻ với thank sb. for doing sth :cám ơn ai về điều gì Belong to : thuộc về, của participate in sth. : tham gia vào A memorial to the dead : đài tưởng niệm người đã hy sinh, v ật tưởng nhớ người đã mất Have claim / no claim on/to sth : (không) có quyền sở hữu về / có được cái gì Make no claim + to-inf. : không thể làm việc gì B. BÀI TẬP I/ Choose the word or phrase that best complete each sentence. 1. Don’t let the victim become cold when he or she __________ A. faints B. shocks C. burns D. hurts 2. _________ is known as a wonder of the world A. Pyramid in Egypt B. The Golden Gate Bridge C. Sydney Opera House D. Ha Long Bay 3 We can see a boy __________ a water buffalo. A. riding B. rode C. ride D. to ride 4 Farmers collect household and garden waste to make __________ A. compost B. floor coverings C. glassware D. pipes 5. The Statue of Liberty is in ______________. A. The USA B. Australia C. England D. Thailand 6 When you __________ , you should ease pain with ice or cold water packets. A. burn B. faint C. shock D. hurt 7.New York is famous for its ______. A. Statue of Liberty B. Big Ben Clock C. Opera House D. Golden Gate Bridge 8. ……………… is often called “ THE WINDY CITY” A. San Francisco B. Chicago C. Hawaii D. Australia 9. A. upset B. custom C. return D. unsuitable 10. A. railway B. daily C. airport D. train 11 . A. festival B. man C. fat D. grand 12. A. canoe B. water C. sugar D. island 13 I ________ my classmates since I ______ my school. A. haven’t seen – left B. didn’t see - left C. hadn’t seen – left D. had –left 14 Thu’s brother _______ stamps since last year. A. has collected B. collects C. collected D. had collected 15. Last summer vacation, we decided _____________ to Da Lat City. A. to go B. to get C. to do D. to watch 16. Choose the word or phrases that are not correct in Standard English A big dog will been bought by Nam’s father tomorrow. A B C D 17. We _________ dinner when the phone rang. A. were having B. is having C. are having D. was having 18. Nam asked Minh if he _______ the Golden Gate Bridge. A. knew B. knows C. knowing D. know 19. She asked me ________ I liked coffee A. if B. where C. how D. what 20 Can I get you some drink ? - _______________ A. Yes, please B. Good C. OK D. never mind 21. My teacher _______ English since 1997. A. has taught B. teaches C. taught D. teach 22. Would you mind ________ me some paper from the table? A. getting B. to get C. gets D. get 23. I like reading the books _________ by Charle Dickens. A. written B. wrote C. write D. to write 24.Many years ago, Christmas songs _________ for people in towns and villages A. were performed B. were performing C. performed D. have performed 25. __________you open the window, please ? A. Will B. Shall C. Do D. Have Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others 26. A. council B. award C. carol D. mushroom 27. .A. campus B. access C. bulletin D. install 28. A. Christmas B. jolly C. compete D. teammate 29 A. design B. custom C. plumber D. jumble 30. A. island B. florist C. stream D. sight 31. A. resort B. hotel C. except D. rescue 32. A. saint B. tailor C. explain D. said 33. A. carol B. export C. patron D. custom 34 . a/ What are you going did at weekend? A B C D b/The plumber said he can fix the faucets. A B C D c/ It was raining while the plane got to Ha Noi. A B C D 35. Ba is studying very hard ______ pass the final exam. A. in order to B. so C. as to D. so as not to 36. They asked the tourist guide __________ they could come first A. where . B. how C. what D. when 37.Liz is very interested ________ the water-fetching contest A.in B. on C. at D. of 38. I always keep the doors open __________ let fresh air in. A. in order to B. so that C. so to as D. because 39. She was very happy ___________ good marks in the final exam. A. to get B. getting C. get D. got 40 Thu wanted _______ her friend a greeting card A. to send B. send C. sent D. sending 41. It’s the first time Shannon ___________ a water buffalo. A. has seen B. saw C. sees D. seeing 42. The girl _________ next to me is very intelligent. A. sitting B. sat C. sits D. to sit 43.Mai likes eating cake_____________ by her mother A. made B. makes C. make D. making 44. Viet Nam is a ____________________ country. A. rice - exporting B.rice - exported C. exporting – rice D. export- rice 45. The Le family _______ when the mailman came. A. was sleeping B. slept C. has slept D. were sleeping 46. Milk bottles can be ________ thirty times. A. reused B. recycled C. reduced D. returned 47. _________ to come and have dinner with us? I’d love to. A. Would you like B. Do you like C. Would you mind D. Do you mind 48. Ba ________ his homework yet. A. hasn’t finished B. hadn’t finished C. doesn’t have D. didn’t finish 49. Millions of Chirstmas cards _______ every year. A. are sent B. send C. were sent D. sent 50. Would you mind if I _________ a photo. A. took B. take C. taking D. to take 51 Do you mind if I __________ you a question ? A. ask B. asking C. to ask D. asked 52 Angkor Wat should really as wonder because it is the largest temple in the world A.know B. known C.knew D. be known 53. I take part ______ the water-fetching contest. A. in B. on C. to D. of 54. It's very kind________you to help me. A. for B. at C. off D. of 55.The weather was fine so we decided to go foot A.on B. by C. with D . to 56 I have known her……………… two years. A/ with B . for C. since D about B. TỰ LUẬN Supply the correct form of the verbs 57. We ( go) ________out when the rain ( stop)__________ 58. He suggested ( travel)______________________ around the town by bike 59. Do you mind if I (sit) __________________here? 60. Would you mind (open ) _____________ all the windows ? 61. It’s the first time I ( see ) ______________ this movie -> 62. He suggested ( travel)______________________ around the town by bike -> 63. The Great Wall of China ( build) __________ many centuries ago. -> 64 The doorbell ( ring )_______ while Tom ( watch)______________ TV. -> II. Change into the passive. 65. They gave me a lot of beautiful flowers on my birthday 66.They built that bridge five years ago. 67.Lan didn’t finish her homework -> 68. The students in my school hold a meeting every Saturday. -> III.Rearange the words to create meningful sentences:o.5 69. Hue / Mr Nam / tonight / arriving / in / is. -> 70.live / in / months / going / England / they / two / are / to. -> 71. It / not / difficult / is / this sentence / to / translate / into / English. -> 72. Last week / she / buy English - Vietnamese dictionary -> IV. Viết lại các câu sau với các từ gợi ý. ( 2.5 điểm ) 73.Tom said: “ I am a student ‘” à Tom said that ……………………………… 74.The player kicked the ball into the goal . à The ball……………………………………………. 75. Shall I sit here ? àDo you mind if I …………………………… 76. It is a contest in which participants have to cook rice. à It’s a…………………………………………. 77. People play football all over the world . à Football……………………………………… 78 Nam said: “ I am a student ‘” à Tom said that ……………………………… 79 The player kicked the ball into the goal . à The ball……………………………………………. 80 Will I sit here ? àDo you mind if I …………………………… 81 .It is a contest in which participants have to cook rice. à It’s a…………………………………………. 82 People play volleyball all over the world. à Volleyball ……………………………………… V. Read the passage and answer the questions 1ms 1.Vietnam’s New Year is celebrated according to the Lunar calendar. It is officially known as Tet Nguyen Dan, or Tet. It begins between January twenty-first and February nineteen. The exact date changes from year to year. Vietnamese people usually make preparations for the holiday several weeks beforehand. They tidy their houses, cook special food, clean and make offerings on the family altars. On the New Year’s Eve, people sit up to midnight to see the New Year in, then they put on new clothes and give one another the greetings of the season. Tet lasts ten days. The first three days are the most important. Vietnamese people believe that how people act during those days will influence the whole year. As a result, they make every effort to avoid arguments and smile as much as possible. Questions 83.What is Vietnam’s New Year known as? -> 84.When does the Lunar New Year begin? -> 85. What do Vietnamese people usually do to prepare for Tet? -> 86. What do people do on the New Year’s Eve? -> 2. Ha Long Bay of the Descending Dragon – is popular with both Vietnamese and international tourists. One of the attractions of ha Long is the Bay’s calm water with limestone mountains. The Bay’s water is clear during the spring and early summer. Upon arriving Ha Long City, visitors can go along Chay Beach. From the beach, they can hire a boat and go out to the Bay. It is here that the visitors can find some of Southeast Asia’s most beautiful sites. Dau Go Cave is one of the most beautiful caves at Ha Long. It was the cave in which General Tran Hung Dao hid wooden stakes to beat the Mongols on Bach Dang River in 1288. Questions 87. Who is Ha Long popular with? -> 88.Which is one of the most beautiful caves at Ha Long? -> 89. What can visitors do when they arrive in Ha Long City? -> 90. What is one of the attractions of ha Long? -> . having 18. Nam asked Minh if he _______ the Golden Gate Bridge. A. knew B. knows C. knowing D. know 19. She asked me ________ I liked coffee A. if B. where C. how D. what 20 Can I get you some drink. mind if I _________ a photo. A. took B. take C. taking D. to take 51 Do you mind if I __________ you a question ? A. ask B. asking C. to ask D. asked 52 Angkor Wat should really as wonder because. hid wooden stakes to beat the Mongols on Bach Dang River in 1 288 . Questions 87 . Who is Ha Long popular with? -> 88 .Which is one of the most beautiful caves at Ha Long? -> 89 . What can