THAT: - có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định * Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”: - khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất - khi đi sau
Trang 1UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS
I VOCABULARY
- thunderstorm (n) bão có sấm sét - south-central (a) phía nam miền trung
- prepare for chuẩn bị cho - laugh at cười nhạo, chế nhạo
- move (v) - movement (n) sự chuyển động - hurricane (n) bão
- erupt (v) - eruption (n) sự phun trào - predict (v) đoán trước
II GRAMMAR
RELATIVE CLAUSES
* Đại từ quan hệ:
1 WHO: chủ từ, chỉ người
N (người) + WHO + V + O ….
2 WHOM:
- làm túc từ, chỉ người
… N (người) + WHOM + S + V
3 WHICH:
- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ, chỉ vật
….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V
4 THAT:
- có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định
* Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”:
- khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất
- khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last
- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing,
anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.
- khi danh từ đi trước bao gồm cả người và vật
Trang 2* Các trường hợp không dùng that:
- trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
- sau giới từ
5 WHOSE: dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his,
their, hoặc hình thức ‘s
… N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….
6 WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that
reason.
… N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
7 WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there
….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ….
(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
8 WHEN/ WHILE: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then
….N (time) + WHEN + S + V …
(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
* Mệnh đề quan hệ
1 Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định: dùng khi danh từ không xác định, không có dấu phẩy ngăn cách
với mệnh đề chính
2 Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: dùng khi danh từ xác định, có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với
mệnh đề chính
III TEST
VOCABULARY
I / Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences
1 According to the weather , it will be raining tonight
A forecast B forecaster C forecasted D forecasting
2 Yesterday a hurricane hit the of Vung Tau city
A coaster B coast C coasting D coastal
3 The can know when a volcano will erupt nowadays
A science B scientific C scientists D scientifically
4 A tropical storm which reaches 120 meters per hour is called a in North and South America
A typhoon B cyclone C hurricane D tornado
5 The tsunami in December 2004 in South East Asia killed more than 160,000 people
A disaster B disastrous C disastrously D disasterring
6 We must find a shelter now because of the storm
A forecast B forecaster C forecasted D forecasting
7 The roof under the weight of snow last night
A collapse B collapsing C collapsed D collapses
8 He warned me of the in the forest
A A danger B dangerousness C dangerously D dangerous
9 Pompeii was completely in AD 79 by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius
Trang 3A to destroy B destroy C destroyed D destroying
10 Many people become because of the natural disasters every year
A homeland B homesick C homeless D homework
II / Fill in each gap with a suitable word in the box
hurricane – earthquakes – forecast – tornado – typhoon – waves – thunderstorm – funnel
-volcano
1 According to the weather HCMC will be sunny tomorrow
2 Ninety per cent of occur around the Pacific Rim known as the “Ring of Fire”
3 A is a tropical storm which reaches 120 km per hour
4 In Italy in 1981, a lifted a baby sleeping in the baby carriage into the air and put it down safely 100 meters away!
5 Tornadoes are shaped storms which pass overland below a _
6 Tidal are the result of an abrupt shift in the underwater movement of the Earth
7 Mount Pinatubo, a in the Philippines erupted in 1991
8 The word “ _” which comes from the Chinese means “big wind”
III / Fill in each gap with a correct preposition
1 Daddy, it’s the weather forecast TV
2 Don’t worry, everything is control
A under B without C in D at
3 Please hurry We need these documents delay
A under B without C in D at
4 We thought the two films were very similar a great extent
5 Police officers don’t have to wear uniform when they are duty
6 Hue will have temperatures 23oC and 27oC
7 I am preparing for the picnic my friends tomorrow
8 Please bring some rain coat just case
9 It snowed in Lang Son _ the winter 2002
A in / of B of / in C at / for D for / at
10 Kangaroos, which come Australia, have long tails
GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURE
I / Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences
1 Mount Pinatubo, is a volcano in the Philippines, erupted in 1991
2 Tornadoes and funnel-shaped storms can suck up anything is in their path
3 We since we left school
A don’t meet B didn’t meet C won’t meet D haven’t met
4 I’ll bring some raincoat just in case, I hope my friends laugh at me
Trang 4A didn’t B won’t C don’t D haven’t
5 In 199, a huge earthquake the city of Kobe in Japan
A strike B struck C striking D striked
6 Tidal waves the result of an abrupt shift in the underwater movement of the Earth
7 I can’t hear what you are saying Can you the radio
A turn on B turn off C turn up D turn over
8 Neil Armstrong, _ walked on the moon, lived in the USA
9 Marie Curie, _ is one of the greatest women in our time, discovered radium
A whom B whose C which D who
10 The men and the elephants you saw on TV last night are from Africa
II / Combine each pair of these sentences into one, using a suitable relative pronoun
1 This is the newspaper I want you to buy it
2 Have you ever spoken to the people? They live next door
3 It’s the book It will interest children of all ages
4 The Pikes keep having all-night parties They live next door
5 Where are the eggs? They are in the fridge
6 People live longer They take physical exercise
7 Have you got something? It will get the ink out of the carpet
8 Tom and Peter didn’t come They were invited
9 Paris is the city I’ve always wanted to visit it
10 Mrs White has just had her second baby She’s been married for four years
III / Fill in each blank with an appropriate relative pronouns
1 He is the man I met yesterday
2 He is the man was helped last night
3 The bicycle was painted red is mine
4 That is the book he bought last night
5 Easter is a festival occurs in late March or early April
6 Has he found the key he lost yesterday?
7 The city we visited last year was very beautiful
8 She has a friend is the manager of this company
9 What is the picture you want to buy?
10 My children, _ have an opportunity to go to the zoo, always look very excited
SPEAK
I/ Complete the dialogue with sentences from the list
a We like to try and settle claims as soon as possible
b put some boards over it
c I’ll write up my report
d I only phoned two days ago
e fallen down right onto the fence
f I’ve come to make a damage report to the house
A: Good morning Mr Minh
Trang 5B: Good morning sir
A: How do you do I’m Tuan I’m from AIA Insurance (1) _ I’m visiting quite a few houses
in this area actually Storm made a lot of damage
B: Well, you’ve been quick (2) _
A: I know (3) _ Let’s start here at the front, shall we? Oh, you’ve got a lot of tiles missing off the roof
B: Yes, and the TV receiving antennas fell down Oh yes, you can see the bedroom window on the left was smashed I’ve just (4) _
A: OK Anything else?
B: Yes, the chimney was damaged as well You can just about see if you look
A: Ah, some of the bricks have blown off Right, let’s walk round to the back
B: Here we are
A: That tree is (5)
B: Yes It’s a real pity What a lovely tree! The shed roof was damaged too, I’m afraid
A: Oh yes Well, that’s also covered in your policy
B: You see, the kitchen window on the right was broken and part of the garden wall collapsed, too A: I see OK! I’ve got all that
B: That’s about it, I think
B: OK (6) _ and we’ll let you have a cheque as soon as possible
READ
I / Read the following sentences carefully, then choose A, B, C or D for each sentence with the disaster it describes
1 Suddenly, the ground shook beneath our feet and tall building opposite the college began to sway Windows and doors rattled, and several bookcases in the college library came crashing down
A hurricane B volcano C tornado D earthquake
2 Over 50,000 people in Ethiopia have died of starvation last year Questions are being asked concerning the delay in supplies of rice and grain, which were recently sent to them
A earthquake B volcano C famine D flood
3 Flames swept through the block of offices, burning everything inside Two hours later only the empty shell of the building remained
A fire B typhoon C volcano D famine
4 The river overflowed in several places and huge areas of farming land are now several feet under water Boats are being used to rescue people in nearby villages
A earthquake B flood C tsunami D earthquake
5 The winds have already strengthened considerably and the sea is now rough indeed As a result, ferries across the harbor have stopped sailing and all large ships have put out to sea
A tidal wave B volcano C typhoon D fire
6 Smoke poured out of the crater but no one expected an eruption A week later, red hot lava began to flow down the side of the mountain
A tsunami B volcano C hurricane D earthquake
II / Read the passage and choose A, B, C or D for each of the following gaps
Drought is a condition that becomes (1) the average rainfall for the fertile area drops far (2) the normal amount for a long period of time In areas which are not irrigated, the lack of (3) causes farm crops to wither and dead (4) than normal temperatures usually accompany periods (5) drought They add to the crop damage Forest (6) start (7) during
Trang 6drought The soil of a drought area becomes (8) and crumbles Often the rich topsoil is blown away by the hot, dry (9) Streams, ponds, and wells often dry up during a drought, and animals suffer and may even die because of the lack of (10)
4 A High B Highest C Higher D Height
6 A fires B fogs C steams D boils
7 A easy B easily C ease D easiness
10 A air B steam C wind D water
WRITE
I/ Combine the two sentences by using a relative clause Some clauses need commas,some do not
1 I bought a new typewriter It cost me a lot of money
→ ……….………
2 Tom is one of my closest friends He is very intelligent
→ ……….………
3 That woman over there is a singer She is talking to your father
→ ……….………
4 I went to see a doctor He saved the life of my son
→ ……….………
5 Dr John lost his position He hasn’t done his job well recently
→ ……….………
6 She looked up at the stars They were twinkling in the sky now
→ ……….………
7 I know some people They live in London
→ ……….………
8 Mr Tam is a teacher of English He is wearing a blue shirt
→ ……….………
9 The man is Mr Tam He is wearing a blue shirt
→ ……….………
10 You can buy these things at Ben Thanh Market The market in is the center of HCMC
→ ……….………
II / Write a story from the words and phrases provided
It / be / beautiful day Sun / out, / sky / blue and / weather / perfect Hoa be outside / play / her dog Suddenly, / dog begin acting strangely It keep running / in circles Hoa run home / her dog / tell / mother what the dog / be doing Hoa’s mother / say / that / hear / radio / that there be / typhoon coming Hoa’s mother / gather / family / and tell them / find shelter / house
All of the sudden, / sky become / dark / storm come / strong winds / heavy rain / family / be scared, but soon / storm / finish / everyone be glad What / clever dog! It save Hoa’s family
Trang 7MORE EXERCISES
I / Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences
1 I want everybody to listen
A care B careful C careless D carefully
2 We fell very _ today
A happy B happiness C happily D happen
3 I’ve looked _ my new pen everywhere and I can’t find it anywhere
4 Solar energy doesn’t cause
A pollution B polluted C pollute D pollutant
5 Where _ you go if you have a car?
6 A(n) _ is a person who installs and repairs water pipes
A electrician B carpenter C locksmith D plumber
7 He is tired he stayed up late watching TV
8 I suggest to the movies
9 All the classes were painted
10 My parents saw me at the railway station
II / What do you suggest to the following people?
1 They use many ordinary 100 watt light bulbs
2 He often gets bad marks
3 His electricity fan makes a lot of noise
4 They use too much coal, gas and oil
5 Pupils waste garbage around the schoolyard
6 He never drinks coffee in the morning
7 They don’t want to watch TV for recreation
8 He failed the final examination
9 The air in Ho Chi Minh City is very polluted
10 They use electricity to catch fish
III / Fill in the blanks with proper words
countries – polluted – land – water – rivers – people – garbage –
sea Our oceans are becoming extremely (1) _ Most of this pollution come from the land, which means it comes from (2) First, there is raw sewerage, which is pumped directly into the sea Many (3) , both developed and developing, are guilty of doing this Secondly, ships drop about 6 million tons of (4) _ into the sea each year Thirdly, there are oil spills from ships A ship has an accident and oil leaks from the vessel This not only pollutes the (5) , but it also kills marine life Next, there are waste materials from factories Without proper regulations, factory owners let the waste run into the (6) _ which then leads into the (7) And finally, oil is waste from (8) This can be the result of carelessness or a deliberate dumping of waste
IV / Make sentences from the words and phrases provided
1 If / have / money / buy / car
Trang 82 Although / rain / heavily / go / school on time
3 The teacher / teach us / last year / Mrs Green
4 Neil Armstrong / walked / moon / lived / the USA
5 The man / you / see / yesterday / be / my secretary
6 you / understand / word / teacher / write / the board?
7 The boy / I / want / help / be very poor
8 you / want / have / coffee / tea?
9 We / do / test / although / it / be / difficult
10 She / not come / party / although / we / invite / her yesterday
Trang 9UNIT 10: LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS
I VOCABULARY
- UFOs = Unidentified Flying Objects vật thể bay không xác định
- disappear (v) biến mất - disappearance (n) sự biến mất
II.GRAMMAR
A MODALS
1 May / might
KĐ: May / Might + V1:
PĐ : May / Might not + V1: diễn tả
- sự suy đoán (không chắc chắn)
- sự xin phép, cho phép
B CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1 Review Type 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
S + V1 / V s(es) (don’t / doesn’t + V1)
S + will / can/ may + V1 (won’t / can’t + V1)
2 Type 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại
S + V-ed / V2 (didn’t + V1)
To be: were / weren’t
S + would / could / should + V1 (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1)
3 Type 3: điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ
Trang 10S + had + P.P
(hadn’t + P.P)
S + would / could / should + have + P.P (wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + P.P)
4 Những cách khác để diễn đặt câu điều kiện:
a Unless = If ….not
If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
= Unless
-b Without: không có = if … not
Without water, life wouldn’t exist
= If
-Note:
1 Có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng if hay unless bằng cách đảo ngữ
Were I rich, I would help you.
= If I were rich, I would help you
Had I known her, I would have made friend with her.
= If I had known her, I would have made friend with her
If you should run into Peter, tell him to call me
= Should you run into Peter, tell him to call me
2 Có thể kết hợp điều kiện 2 và điều kiện 3 trong một câu
If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now.
You wouldn’t be so hungry if you had had breakfast this morning.
3 Đôi khi thì hiện tại đơn được dùng cho cả hai mệnh đề của câu điều kiện để diễn tả một sự thật
hiển nhiên; nó được gọi là zero conditional.
If we don’t water these flowers, they die.
4 Mệnh đề chính trong câu điều kiện loại 1 có thể là một câu đề nghị hoặc lời mời
If you see Peter at the meeting, please tell him to return my book
If you are free now, have a cup of coffee with me
5 Đổi từ if sang unless:
Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang
phủ định) Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi)
Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster
Unless
If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam
Unless
-6 Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause
- If you don’t + V1, Clause
- If you aren’t + …, Clause
Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself
- If -
Go away or I will call the police
- If
-III TEST
VOCABULARY