! "#$%&'($)*+ %, !" #$%&'(')**+ ,! -". /0,1!(2&&345)&678$%(9* *: 7;!<=: &7;!" />2$,?(+*@7;!<=: A B,/ -,C=**$DEFGH I*4?46(*= F,AJAB4,FA B8 KCL(M!1(! 4B4&N&**H *#&N*E*O= <*/ P($A$$ 4E&7($A$$ <Q$L(M!1(!R(S $ BR(STF&**H *#&N*E *O=<*/ "#$-&'($)*+, %,BU *#V *'%&L 4:&W'(')*!0*H*+ XBY P" X (4DZ*(;V & *#V / V*4)*#V /=(*#V (4DZ*![B\ B0]*4)*#V / ,=V *H?!^ "B"B "B_"B`BaA/ -,bZ$ " / "&_ " /c***H?]*4)$OF<;!DZ***#*H FbZ$/-*H *#&'%*%@1*D*H4:. .,_N'dMH *#<*0$e,1***#7 (^DW*B'(')*(;B'(')* !B'(')* " / ',0FG,**!f,gb<@FbZ$<@7 (4?(4DZ*<@<=/ P" *H!hFbZ$P" BP" /" *H!hFbZ$" B X / bbZ$<@*'DW4e*H?5f4DZ*<Ni=(5fG*jFk46(<1/ "&" l &! lP" &" l" &! / "#$.&/($)*+, %,bZ$5'F* *,V&" *Hm!1!^/n;*bZ$<@FM(4DZ*b Z$<@o/oR( '(')* P" X 4S*B(4DZ*bZ$<@`*Hm<;7&W !Y/V*4)*N +*$ep*: V/ -,n;*bZ$<@q5M &r!A(4DZ*" &EDW**Hm!1?@*! s^U/n;*BU bZ$qF5#$%7t$u&s!'(')**+ -". B& "B\/g7 (<#$%G<;!DZ$O'(')* t, M( i .,sB\!@bZ$<@V-4<*.5 <A!M=$F'0454v*'%&WDW**H]w* *@*Z$BF5*!#,9FDZ(f/ bZ$FDZ(!$O, (^ KO**'%=&W 7F UX!<@ -4<*./ KO4A4;*G!DZ" (4DZ*6(E!DZDW*!BUs / G*N+*$ep*: ** <A&**FDZ(/ =bZ$VSE !UB!O/@1(7(#$t+Z$DW**: b <A/ "#$'&/($)*+, %,Bs!" #$%&s!'(')* -". -'(')*q.G(4DZ* <=: /=(*Bs!" #$%&s!'(')*qG*x(4DZ* <=: / V*4)&@ *: '(')*q/ -,y bZ$ "&q! " &DW*4DZ*!'(')*o*j*+ 9*# '(#*H549Bs/z<@" 'D&'(')*oG(4DZ* <=: /C=**$DE FGH I*]tF &@**F) B/ .,bZ$qN"Bq! " / q! $O,c (b$O*H<;!DZYBYX / $O*'%&W!'(')*!4(H&<(#46(*=H 7t$u4DZ*B\Y *# F{< /$O*'%&W!'(')*!*H549DFM4(H&<(#46(*=H 7t$u4DZ*sBX *#F{< /@|***#FbZ$q& '(')*!40'd/ !" #!$ %!$ &!!' %&!( %)!* %+! &,!$ )! #! &+!/ # !"#$#%&'()*+ "01-2%2-2%% "#$% %,*$DEFG$t+!O!DZ]tF A+8!^ -". }" → " ↓ } "-.7 (4H " }" } " → -" . 012^=( ≤ ,+*! " -". ≤ G!w*4H*j]tF $t+-.<N]tF $t+-. '&2 " 4DZ*@A " &2 " -!./ 012%^=(,~ ~,+*! -". " -". /< < G!w*4H$t+-.]tF & $t+-.40]tF D " &h*y'D'&2 " ,- ,., -!./ 01 2 &^ =( ≥ , +* ! " -". /≥ G !w* 4H $t +-.B -. 46(]tF '&2<N*y<=: " -!./ 3456789:;6<=$$" & .6<$" % 169 " " -,3,PE45*: R(FG46(*=!^ $$" & " \ \ / 4 "5 - ' "5 - ! & - . 6+7 >%0 , $ % $ $!# $ $ > % " >$ 09 $ % ?@A$09?B$ 0.C. D0. *$DEFG$t+]tF !O!DZ!^ / " Y → "}" / "} >'A → }" / } " → ≡ } -". X/ ≡ \ → s/ }F F }F ! $ \/ ≡ }F → F / [/ ≡ }! ! → !U/ ! $B B] F($ → - !. 8,PE45*: R(FG46(*=!^ -K" X . - K" X . P" X } E9.F - K" X . E9.. > % E " ) > & ? " ) * aAP P" P" >" % ! $ >" % !B % " ! $ > % " > % E" ) -06 *$DEFG$t+]tF ^ /XaAP }" → aA " }UP" /P" }" s C " B → P" / /P" } " → P" X /X/ -K" X . } P" X4S* → - K" X . } P" X / s/ -K" X . } P" X4S* → K" X } P" X \/ -K" X . }X K" X → - K" X . / "#$- %,3, *H X P" XBY Bs-!. YU = = CGV } P" X → (;V }V MV *H?!], JB]!D• @B, JB'F]!D•@B(;/D&G,*V *H?! "B"B "B_"B`BaAM !f**FD€Z$V !]!D•@B'F]!D•@B(;/ !"#$#%&'()*+ 012V !], J^ "B"/•IK*(*V !"/ KDEFG$t+]tF ^"} P" X → P" X } "-. -!.BsBsBs C2<;!DZ!*: "!^ " BU s\- . Bs = = &2"! " 012%V !, J^ "B_"/•IK*(*V !"/ KDEFG$t+]tF ^"} P" X → P" X } "-. -!.BBsBs C2<;!DZ!*: "!^ " BU U- . B = = &2<N*H"g 0/ 012&V !<!f^`BaA/•IK*(*V !/ KDEFG$t+]tF ^} P" X → P" X } -. -!.BsBsBs C2<;!DZ!*: "!^ BU s\- . Bs = = &2!aA 8,012V ! "G<;!DZV ! X P" Bs/\ \BU- .= = <*,F ![B\ -!f. 012&V !<!f^aAG<;!DZV ! X aAP" Bs/s [B\- .= = $dZ$&W,F D &2V ! / -,>#9!DZbZ$ " / "&_ " 4A*e ]*4)4DZ*<;!DZ4H!- ./ P (4H(bZ$4=<;!DZ<N4zGDW*, E=*j*y!f " < &_ " & 4A*e!ft7p ]*4)4DZ*<;!DZ4H! / D&27;! "!^ " -!. U − = M7;! " / "!^ " / " -!. U − = & <;!DZ*: H!^ " / " - ./U\ - . U − = &|***#FbZ$!^ " / " - ./U\ | /| U/ − = B _ " - ./U\ | | /| U/ − = − .,**h(p*: **'(')**'%&W (AL*S$ $e,14DZ**S$*#/ }S$*#<N]tF $t+&1DZG4H!^ "B'(')* !/-*S$*#+. }S$*#]tF $t+&F <@<N(!^!B'(')* " /-*S$*#+. " }! → !}" ↑ } " N*f*S$*#+#B7 (<*N*f*#, E<N4?!f'#(&=GG!DW*B4?!f*SF{ !'(')* !/ N*f*S$*#+ B7 (<*N*f*#, E<N4?!f'#(&=GG!'(')*!B4?!f *SF{!'(')* " / ',3, n?!f<@P" FbZ$P" BP" 7%*bZ$<@R( '(')* ! 'D-G;F9F5; % E" ) G;F1.G<@P" ,)#$%<@F *j!P" (M*#/ P" } ! } " → P" X ↓ }!-G;E" & > % E" )G; → % E" ) HE" & n?!f<@" FbZ$" B X 7%*bZ$<@R( '(')*<6'D-G;F9F5; 9<9F1.G<@" ,)#$%<@F *j! X (M*#/ " } -". → " ↓ } "/-G;$" % >'*" % >% % " → '$" & >*" & ↓ 8,n?9bZ$5fF946(<1]*4)G***#FbZ$<N*'%&W ( ‚46(<14H^ }bZ$"B" <N5f‚,#<ƒ46(<1^"}" → " / }bZ$ B! *j5fF,H;&‚149#$^ }! 7 - . → !/ }bZ$P" B" *j<N5f<‚FMXs B$7(#* &*H]w**C " s ^ P" }" s C " BXs B$ → P" / !"#$#%&'()*+ }bZ$! B" 5f‚,#<ƒ46(<1^! }" → <N$t+/ "#$. %,CG,F <N*BBC*: ,#<ƒ9*#M4?4Et * V -!.G " -!.= / nSn•*: 'F* *,V! ] -46(<1 ≤ ]}B*„B]&(M'DE./ KDEFG$t+]tF ^ ] } -] Bs/.+ " → ]" }Bs " CG$t+]tF *MFbZ$<@o(4DZ**H" BE "&<@'D/b Z$<@oR( P" X 4S*'DG<@`*y!f*j5" &<@'D/ A, ` ' Y= M ` Y/ U= = / 012_@'D!V-'F* *, ] .B" =/_@`!" & ] 'D C2 " = /] ] Bs+ X] X] + -!.& ] '( ] Bs = − + X] X X] + − + -!. A,F G*H^ ` X/] X] X XX/ -] ./ X] X] X/] X] X X] X] + − + + + + = + − + + + XU] \] U/] X/ XX] X + + + − + − U/ XU/] } }\]Y][U}s/ ` U= F`*H" M ] ~U+*!]*j*H?!B/ =(]G-!f.=(]G-!f. 012%_@'D!" B'F* *, ] =/bZ$<@`*H" 'D&" / A,F ` U= $'%$DE$$4D€*Q *H " " = -]}Bs.]]}Bs>2$,t]QA] *H =(]G-!f.B]GX-!f.B]G\-!f.B]XGU-4w.]sG -!f.C2V! X U / -, •I7;! X & X FBU bZ$q!O!DZ!]B-!. *H\]}UBU- .-. *$DEFG$t+**: bZ$q/ X }" → " } "-.& X }" → " } "-. -!.]]]-!. A,F *H " " C ^ C " " ^ -]}.^-]}.s^UU]}\]}]-. •t1$DEFG-.B-. 4DZ*]Bs-!.BBs-!. C27t$u*5 " = ]}Bs-!. " = ]}BX-!./,97t$u* ,)#$%=,‚'(')*bZ$<6/ H " Bs/B\BU-!.B -". Bs/BBs-!./ *$DEFG$t+*H?]tF !^ " } " → " } "-." } " → " -X. " } -". → " ↓ } "-s." } -". → -" . -\. •Iz7;!" ‚**$t+-.B-s.! -!.&z7;!" ‚**$t+-X.B-\.!, -!. A$DEFG$t+-.B-s.G " / " -!. A$DEFG$t+-X.B-\.G " " ,-!. C2z7;!" !^ },Bs-!.-. &z7;!H"F<6!^ " },BU/}Bs/BU-!.-C./ •t1$DEFG-.B-C. 4DZ* B-!.&,B-!./ CGF'(')*<N?45€5f " & -" . M*j*H?]tF 9F $t+-.S*-\./ 012=(<N]tF $t+-\.G -". 'D'‚$t+-s. -". $+ ~ " ‚$t +-.B-s.B-!.~Bs!/ -". 'D!&N!…&GH<N?5f*d " ‚$t+ -./ !"#$#%&'()*+ 012%=(<N]tF $t+-.G‚$t+-s. " B-!.B‚$t+-\.G -". BsBB-!.& " BX-!.B -" . B-!.'&2‚$t+-X.*y!f " Bs-B}BX.BU-!.$dZ$&Wm!1$t+-X./ D&2<;!DZ<=: f!^ " B/Y[sB\- . A4)!(2,t<;!DZG$O'(')*40!M9!DZ!^ " " " ↓ + − Bs/XX}BX/UsB\[BX- . H**<*<;!DZ$O'(')* t4![BX / ., •IKF(,G*: <A!^ P;! <A!^ sB\ Bs-!. BX = = •I !1(7(#$t+Z$DW*F(,G*: <A KDEFG$t+]tF ^ } " X P" B → " + -. -!.BsBs b$O*+ Bs !FDZ(**'%&W 4DZ* BUX B[s-!. BX = = KDEFG$t+^ " + } → " + } -. -!.Bs B\s C21(7(#Z$DW*F(,G!^B\s B[s B\ \|/ P;!FDZ((4DZ*‚b$O!^Bs/B\B[s-!. KDEFG$t+*$O^ " + } " → " }- }. "-. -!.B[sB[s/ B[s/- }. A,F *H^ " " − = XX/B[s/ U/B[s/- }.BUs- ./ U / CG** <A!454v!M=$M*w! X & \ /**FDZ(! s "& [ "/ 8, •I7;! X & \ !O!DZ!]B! *H ]}Bs-!.-.& V ' UBM V UB/ \BX= = &2 V U] X \BX ] + = = + -.C2L-.B-. *H]B-!.BBs-!. •I1(7(#Z$DW**: X & \ !O!DZ! & , / *H**$DEFG$t+^ } " X P" B → "-. } " X P" B → " -. -!.BsBs -!.B[sB[s , z7;!FDZ(!^Bs }B[s , / B[s/B[s-!.-. Kt+**: FDZ(!^ s "}" → " } "-.& [ "}Y" → \" }U "-X. -!.Bs B Bs -!.B[s , Bs , B , A,<;!DZ" !WE<;!DZDW*!^ XX/-B }Bs , .U/-Bs }B , .BUs- .B[ }XBs , BUs-C./ •t1$DEFG-.B-C. 4DZ* Bs& , B\\\[+*!^ 1(7(#Z$DW**: X !s|&*: \ !\\B\[|/ $ I^9: ; U 7<7 => ?@7A >BCD7A >B=> (CE7A FBGH FBH I3 (CJF \ X /= 7BC KLM \ -!. \ = K# X -!. = ,<7 V X/ U/ \ Bs + = = ;.NO IBPH8#$53 V ' ;%QO-7<7 V UB/ \BX= = &R8#$FBH V ' ;%QO-6#IBS3K#KT6U+ !"#$#%&'()*+ "#$'%, A,F Bs-!." #$%=&s!'(')* -". -'(')*q.4DZ* <=: / S<**xA,F Bs-!." #$%=&s!'(')* -". -'(')*q.*x( 4DZ* <=: / D&2@1+# -". *y'D&@1+ -". =/ †@1-.]tF $t+^ -". }" → " ↓ } "/-. -!.BsBs †@1-.]tF $t+^ -". }" → " ↓ } "/-. -!.BsBsBs -". }" → -" . -. -!.BsB C2 " Bs/Y[YBUs- ./C'(')*q*H - " . Bs Bs Bs + = BX-. -, CG'(')*ofF *j*+ 9*# '(#&bZ$q M'(')*o*j*+ q!" & "Bq! " 46(=/*$DEFG$t+]tF ^ "} " → "-.7 (4H "}q! " → q!" } "-. -!.]]-!.]]] A,F '(')*o*H q!" B/BsB-!.]B-!.]Bs-!. " q! " + \/]}/]\/Bs}/BsUB- . P%*<@" &'(')*oG]tF $t+^ q!" }" } " → " }q!-". ↓ -. -!.BB q!-". B/[U[BU- ./ .,*$DEFG$t+]tF ‚b$O46(!^ "}! → ! } "-.&q! " }\! → q!! } "-. †*t$DEFG$t+46(*H^ "F] Bs/ ! =(*t$O]*d=B ]*d'DG*#F{(4DZ*46(!(;&<;!DZ$t,c ( <*&W,F -!f./ =(*t$O]*d'DB ]*d=G*#F{(4DZ*46(5(;&]'D/M<;!DZ *#F{‚$O$t#$4N<;!DZ*#F{‚$O&G!DZ ]'d#$4N/$O B\YYBYXB[s- .&$OsBXYBYXsBX- .*D #$4N<;!DZ‚$O -!f. D&2$O]'DB ]=&$O]=B ]'DsBX *#F{< (4DZ*‚$O*j! (;/_"]*(?(;G9!(Mp",) =,‚(Mp!+*!<;!DZ [\ss- .A,F $OsBX +*!7;!(Mp"F"]!sBX^ss BU-!./ •I7;!"&q! " Fb$O!O!DZ!]B-!. *H^X]}YBYX- .-. Cz7;!(Mp"F]!^ " ]}BU-!.-. •t1$DEFG-.B-. *H]B[-!. " B[/XBU- . KOF<;!DZb]!^| " BU /| YBYX BYU|& q! " | |BYU|[[B\|/ A$O ]=$O<;!DZ*#F{B\YYBYXB[s- .M7;!(Mp" F] $t+!B[s^ssBs-!./ C2 ! / " /BsBs-!.& ! Bs s-. B = = / !"#$#%&'()*+ . P" X ↓ }!-G;E" & > % E" )G; → % E" ) HE" & n?!f<@" FbZ$" B X 7%*bZ$<@R( '(')*<6'D-G;F9F5; 9& lt; 9 F1.G<@" ,)#$%<@F *j! X (M*#/ " }. '&2<N*y<=: " -!./ 345678 9: ;6<=$$" & .6<$" % 16 9 " " . / 4 "5 - ' "5 - ! & - . 6+7 >%0 , $ % $ $!# $ $ > % " >$ 09 $ % ?@A$ 09 ?B$ 0.C. D0. *$DEFG$t+]tF !O!DZ!^ /