Vấn đề năng lượng trong mạng Wireless sensor.PDF

CHILICING 1. TONG QUAN VE M4NG CAM BIEN KHONG DAY 1.1. Giai thieu mong aim Min Wiling dly Cac thiet bj cam bien (Sensor) duct kit noSi thinh mang, phOi hqp voi nhau de thqc hien cac nhiem vp vii quy mo lem, duqc at nhieu by vong !grim cach mang h6a trong Rah Arc thu thap thong tin 6 bit Id digu kien vi viing dja ly nio. Mang cum hien kheong day (Wireless Sensor Network) bao gem mOt top hqp cac thiet bj calm bien sir dung cac lien ket khong day (v8 tuyin, hiong ngog hocquang hoc) a phid hqp thuc hien cac nhiem vu cum bien phan tan ve doSi Wong muc tieu. Mang nily 0 the lien kit hvc tiep v6i nut quoin 1y ctia giam sit vien hay gian tiep thong qua mOt diem thu (Sink) va m8i hieing mang tong tang nhu Internet hay ye tinh. Cac nut Sensor Ichong day c6 the dirge trier khai cho cac muc dich chuyen dung nhu giam sat vi an ninh; kiem tra m8i truing; too ra kheong gian thong minh; khko sit, chinh zac h6a trong ming nghiep; y th; Lqi the chit y611 ctia chung 11 kha clang trier khai hku nhu trong bit ki log hinh dja 15 , nao, ke ca cac mid truing nguy hiem !thong the sir dung mang Sensor 0 day truyen thOng dirge. Viec ket hop tic bO cam bien thanh mang Wen nay nay a too ra Mien kha ging nu% cho con ngubi. Cie bO vi cam bien v6i bet th IS , gin trong voi cac thiet bi vo tuyen hoan town c6 the gin trong mOt kith thuac rat nh6. Chang 0 the hog doing trong mOt m8i truing clay dac v6i Icha firing thc da cao. Do d6, yeti mang cam hien Ichong day ngay nay, ngtrin to da 0 the khIm phi Sail hien Wong rat Iche thay truck day. Ngay nay, cac mang cam bien kheong day dirge (mg dung trong nhieu linh vrc nhu cac ciu true chiong lai dja chin, nghien thu vi sinh v#t Wen, giam sat viec chuyen chi cac chit gay o nhigm, kiem tra he sinh thai vi m8i tiring sinh vet phirc 1.2. Nen tang phit trier mang Viec phift trien mang Wireless Sensor duct tren Ong nghe mang Ad hoc kW:mg day va dugc thuc diy bed hai yen t6 IA nhu ciu (mg dung va cac tien b0 cOng nghe. 1.2.1. Along Ad hoc khang day Mang Ad hoc Meng day II kieu mang kheong c6 co s6 ha tang nen tang, dirge trier khai cho cac muc dich sit dung tam thei can thiet lop nhanh cheng, thu$n tien nhu de tim kiem vi thu hO, phut Ai lien lac cho cic thinh vien trong mOt cuOc hop,.v.v. Mang Ad hoc kh8ng can can thinh phin co set ha tang nhu tong dui, tram thu phat gsfic hay bit Id mOt trung tam dieu khien nil°. Tit cu cac nut di doing trong mang Ad hoc duct lien ket doing v6i nhau mOt each tujr y, !dieing a5 bit Id sir dieu khien nao tir ben ngoai. Tit ci cac nut nay deu 0 the hog dung nhu mat bO djnh tuyen nha khi rung Trang 2 tim vi duy 1r1 djnh tuyin tai the net khac trong mpg. Ck giao thirc djnh My& trong mang Ad hoc c6 the chia thenh hai — Ccic giao that djnh tuyin theo being: mai nut mpg se duy tri va cap nh$t thong tin djnh tuyen tai mai nut mang khic; — Qic giao thus djnh tuyin theo yeu cdu• Viec djnh tuyen chi doge thin hien khi to yeu caw chuyen gai, nhe ca the tim dubng. Hien nay to ben giao thin djnh tuyen doge sir dung trong mang Ad hoc: a) Dinh tuyen theo chu6i chi huerng vii dich Man ty Trong Dinh tuyen theo chuei chi Wing tied dich tuin to (Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector - DSDV), mai tram di dOng deu c6 mat bang dint) tuyen trong de ghi the dich hien tai, s6 cac Were nhay de den dugc dich vi so this to doge gin cho not dich. S6 the to nay dugc sir dung di phan biet the tuyen va nhu vay tranh dirge sir hinh thanh the yang lap. Cie tram djnh lc5r gin bang dinh tuyen ctia n6 cho the nut lan can cita n6. MOt tram ding giri bimg djnh tuyen neu mot thay del ding ke trong bang so vii Ian gdi Op nh$t cuoi cling dirge phut hien. Nhu vOy, viec Op nh$t dirge thtrc hien ca theo then gian vi theo sr kien. Cie bang dinh tuyin c6 the dugs giri Op nh$t theo hai each: chuyen toan b0 ("full dump") hay Op nh$t phen gia tang. Theo each chuyen toan Ns, bang djnh thy& se doge gfri trgn vcn den the nut Ian On vi n6 c6 the bao gem rdau geoi tin. Ngugc theo each cap Slot phin gia tang, chi nhemg mve ghi men elm bang djnh tuyen so vii lin cop nh$t cu6i ming mai dirge gfri di va phii visa trong mot gOi tin. Kid mpg Wang dei 6n dinh, cic DM cap nh$t phen gia tang duce sir dung di trinh viec km lugng tang cao va viec chuyen toan b0 (full dump) it dugs sir dung han. Trong the mang thay dei nhanh, se ltrung cac gOi Op nh$t phin gia tang c6 the trer len nit Ian nen_ vies chuyen tom b0 bang doge thgc hien thueng xuyen han. b) Dinh tuyen bang thu$t toan tim throng tan ty theo then gian Dinh tuyen bang thu$t toan tim throng then qr theo then gian (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm - TORA) la mot giao thirc dinh tuyen tren ca so mot thu$t torn "dao lien ket" ("Link Reversal"). NO dugc thief ke de tim cac tuyen dueng theo yeu eau, cung cap Mau tuyen tai mot &eh, thiet 1#p tuyen nhanh va giant tai mire ter thieu phan phy tai (overhead) bang thu$t toan khoanh yang cheng lai tic thay del ve hinh trang mpg c6 the say ra. Viec tai uu djnh WA' (dm throng ngin nhat) doge coi la thin yeu vi viec djnh tuyen vii the duerng dal han dirge sir dung thuerng xuyen de trinh pha ► phu tai khi tim throng mai. Trang 3 Host Ong cea giao thirc TORA duqc hinh dung gi6ng nhu dua ntrec chity dOc xueing qua mOt mang cac dubng Ong vi huang tai mOt diem dich. Cac dubng Ong me to ck lien kit gifts cac nut mang, cic diem noi cac dubng Ong nay m8 to cac nut mang va nuec chay trong the Ong m8 to cac g6i tin duqc djnh tuyen huang ten dich. M6i not mOt dO cao so yea dich duqc firth toil' boi giao thirc djnh tuyen va dO cao gam din tren tuyin, nhb v#y 0 the chuyin g6i tin mOt cach twin ttr de tai dich. c) Giao thirc djnh tuyEn ngu8n dOng Diem ca ban tha giao thirc djnh tuyin ngu6n dOng ( Dynamic Source Routing - DSR) la viec se dung djnh tuyin nguen. Tic 11, nai giri nhon biet duqc hohn toan tuyen dubng dont cac lien kat din tai dich. Cic tuyen dubng nay duqc luu trong bO nha djnh tuyin (Route Cache). Cic g6i de lieu mang theo thong tin djnh tuyen ngu6n trong tieu di gel !Chi met nut trong mpg Ad hoc muAn giri mOt gel tin tai met dich ma no chua then hitt duqc tuyen dubng, n6 se se dung mOt tier With tim dubng (Route Discovery) de xic djnh mOt tuyen. Tien trinh tim dubng se giri tan Ian vio trong mang cac g6i you au tuyen (Route Request-RREQ). Mgi not then duqc RREQ lai tiep tic quAng bit no, trir khi not de II not dich ho#c c6 met tuyen tai dich duqc luu trong bO nhe djnh tuyen. CAc net nay tra Ibi do g6i RREQ bang cac g6i h6i am djnh tuyen (Route Reply-RREP). Cac g6i nay duqc djnh tuyen tra lai ngu6n. Cac g6i RREQ Nth RREP ding duqc djnh tuyen theo ngu6n. Cite g6i RREQ lep len met thy& xuyen qua mpg. Gel RREP djnh tuyen tra lai nguOn bang each di nguqc tra lai theo tuyen dubng nAy. Thong tin ve tuyen duct mang tr6 lai bing g6i RREP vi ductc km tai ngugn de se dtmg. Neu mOt lien ket tren mOt tuyen bj se 0, net ngutin duqc thong bit° bang mOt g6i Igi (Route Error-RERR). Ngugn se xoa tuyen nay trong b0 the djnh tuyen vi bit d'au met tier tint' tim dubng mei niu tuyin nay con can duet. Trong DSR Itheng can met ca chi tl#c bit nit) de phit hien cic vong 1#p djnh tuyin. d) Djnh tuyen dip vao chugi chi huang theo yeu ciu tam thbi Djnh tuyin dtra vac, chugi chi huang theo you  tam thbi (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance- Vector Routing - AODV) c6 diem giong DSR la n6 cling tim cac dubng yeu eau th8ng qua mOt bang mOt tien trinh ten diking tucmg ti. Tuy nhien, AODV sa dtmg mOt ca chi rat khic de luu gift th8ng tin djnh tuyen. NO sir dung cic bang djnh tuyen truyen thong, m6i mac la met dich. Day IA diem nguqc lai DSR (DSR 0 the I= gift nhieu mac cho m6i dich). Kitting c6 djnh tuyin ngu6n, AODV dtra vAo do mac trong bang djnh tuyen a truyen mOt RREP trb ve ngu6n va sau de,duqc sir dung de djnh tuyen cac gel so lieu duqc tai dich. AODV sir dung cac s6 the ti duqc luu tai m6i Trong 4 Bich de xic djnh tinh mai cis thong tin din]) tuyen va chong loi cic yang l#p djnh tuyen. Tit ci cic &Si deu mang theo cic se the ty My. MOt d#c diem quan tong curt AODV Ii lint gift cic tong thai djnh gib can ban trong m8i nut de ten dung cic num trong bang djnh tuyen don. MOt muc trong bang djnh tuyen c6 the bj xoa nett n6 khang duqc se dung trong th6i gian gin. Giao thirc DSDV la giao thin djnh tuyen theo bang, cic giao they DSR, TORA, AODV thuOc loci giao thee djnh tuyin theo you diu. 1.2.2. Nin tong ang nghf Cac den b0 trong cong nghe chi too cic thikt bj dien ti rat nh6 gia re vai cOng suit thip va phan Ma chit nang cao, cic but den trong c8ng nghe mong khang day vi trong linh virc vi dieu Mat de too m dem Sing to 16n trong linh Arc cam Wen va thu th#p de lieu. Viec sir dung cic bO vi dieu lchien ding suit thip tich hqp kb& thu phat vo tuyen vi cic duet bj dun bien tuong Ur, so khic nhau cho phep mOt mong cic thiet bj cam bat khong day hoot dOng bing ngu6n acquy c6 the thu th#p de lieu ve Sol trubng trong phom vi 16n. De lieu nay c6 the duqc tai den mOt may tinh vi duqc km trong ca s?r de lieu. Sau do, c6 the duqc phfin tich thong qua mOt phin mem ling dung. Ket qui c6 the duqc truy xuit trqc tiep hdic obi mOt trinh duyet Web chuin 6 bit cir din tren Internet. Cic mong Sensor ngiy nay c6 Stang cii lien ding ke so vOi cic Sensor truyin thong theo hai huOng: — Cic Sensor c6 the d#t 6 xa hien num, tic la cic th8ng tin ve hien tiro% c6 duqc nh6 riling lye cam bien vi phan tich. Theo huOng nay, yeu au cic Sensor lan sir dung mOt s6 ky thuitt phirc top de nhen hie& duqc cic dich ti cic top am moi twang 6 khoing cich xa; — Nhieu Sensor chi yeti chi hoot dOng cam bien duqc then khai. Vi tri cic Sensor va hinh tong th8ng tin duqc firth town can then. Ching duqc lien kit thanh mOt mong de truyen th8ng tin ve cic dign bien cia hien tucmg duqc them d6 tai cic nut trung tam, nai tiep nh#n va xi 1± du lieu. MOt mang Sensor bao gem mOt s6 !wag lon cic nut (tut then khai day d#c ben trong d6i Wong can thin' do hdic 6 rat gin no. Vi tri cis cic Sensor }tilting can phii djnh tart. Dieu My cho phep hien khai nglu nhien trong cic vimg khong the tiep din ho#c trong cic hoot dung tninh sq nguy lam. Dieu My ding c6 nghia Ii cic thu$t Wan vi giao thirc phai c6 khi niing to to chirc. MOt d#c trung nfta ciut mong Sensor la khi Wing cling tic cia cic Sensor. Cic Nit Sensor phii c6 bO xi ly gin trong. Thay vi chuyen cic dit lieu th8 din cic nit co nhiem vu xi iSr, de nut Sensor se sir dung khi neng tinh tam cis n6 de thqc hien cic xti. 1Sr din gian va chi chuyen di cic de lieu duqc yeu ciu vi dit qua xir IST sa b0. Trang 5 Cac dac diem tren dua den met pham vi ting dung lan dui mang Sensor. MOt s6 Arc duqc limg dung la y te, club sir vi an ninh. VI du nhu the Mc si se kiem tra Ut xa cat du lieu ye sixth 1ST benh nhan. Dieu My yen thuon tier cho benh shin vita gifip cac bac si hieu rb hot ve tinh trong benh than. Mang Sensor con duqc se dung de phat hien citc tic nhan hea hac trong kitting khi vi nu6c. Chting giup chi ra kieu, stir co lai va vi tri cue the chit. Ve ca ban, the mang Sensor cung ap cho ngtrei sir dung sir hieu test hen, thong minh hen ye mei trtemg. Chang to c6 the thay ring trong tucmg lai, ac mang wireles Sensor se 11 met plan kheng the thieu trong cuOc sting, gieng nhu may tinh ci nhan Men nay. Cac  dung thvc to cult mang Sensor yeu au phai se dung cling nghe mang Wireless Ad hoc. Mkic de vay, c6 nhieu thu$t Wan vi giao that da duce se dung cho the mang Wireless Ad hoc truyen thing nhung chting kheng phi hqp lim vei the dac tinh va you eau ting dung cue mpg Sensor, De minh hoe diem nay, sv Ichac nhau gifts mang Sensor vi mang Wireless Ad hoc duce phic hoe dual day: — S6 luqng net Sensor tong mpg Sensor c6 the dirge yeu au 6 mire len hen rat nhieu so Arai the mang Ad hoc; — Ck nut Sensor duqc trien khai van mat de 16n han; — Cac not Sensor thuong gap trot trac; — Hinh trong mang Sensor thay dei rat thutng xuyen; — Cac net Sensor thuong sir dung me hlnh thong tin quing bai nguqc lai the mang Ad hoc sit dung truyen thong diem- diem; — Cac nut Sensor c6 han chi ve tong xuat, kha nang tinh Wan vi be nha; — Cac not Sensor c6 the kitting c6 nhan clang toan cue do se lugng nut Sensor 16n. VI met se lugng 16n nut Sensor duqc trien khai day 4c net talc net Mn can c6 the rat gin nhau. Do d6, truyen thong da lien kit (Multihop) dirge chen de Gong suit sir dung thAp hen so vol tray& thong don lien kit truyen thong (Single hop). Han nib, tong suit truyen dAn c6 the gift a mire thap, dieu my nit can cho the host dung ngAm. Truyen thong da lien kit con c6 met se hieu quit truyen tin hieu test hen so WA truyin th6ng khoing catch xa. MOt han the quasi trqng rift& mitt the not Sensor la yeu au phai R I M thieu tang suit tieu thu. Cac nut Sensor chi tich trft duce nguen rang luqng han the vi Wong dirge thay the. VI voy, tong khi the mang truyin thing ludo dat mire tieu cung cap chat lugng djch (QoS) cao thi the giao thec trong mang Sensor phiti chit trqng den str bao Mn nguon nang lugng. Ngu&i se dung phai chqn gifts tool thq ant mang vii han the ve thong lugng hay de to truyen din 16n. Trang 6 User 1.3. M8 tit bf thong 1.3.1. Mo td he thing ling quit Cic nut Sensor duqc then khai trong mOt truemg Sensor (Sensor field) duqc mirth hqa tren hinh 1.1. Mei nut Sensor duqc phat tan cet khit nang thu thap thong se se lieu, djnh tuyen so lieu ve b0 thu nhAn (Sink) de chuyen ten ngubi dimg (User) vi djnh tuyin cic ban tin mang theo lenh hay you du ttlr nut Sink den cac nut Sensor. SO lieu &cc djnh tuyen ve phis be thu nhfin (Sink) theo du truc da lien kit kh8ng c6 co kr hit tong nen fling (Multihop Infrastructureless Architecture), dm la khong o5 cac tram thu phat gec hay cac truing tam dieu khien, nhtr trong hinh 1.1. BO thu nhan to the lien lac tnrc tiep v6i tram dieu hanh (Task Manager Node) caa ngtriti dimg ho(ic gian dap th8ng qua Internet hay ye firth (Satellite). Ifinh 1.1. M8 hinh trier khai cac nut Sensor MOt nut Sensor duqc tao len tir ben think phin co ban lit: b0 cam bien, be xfr it, be thu phat kh8ng day va nguon. Tut theo ling citing cy the, nut Sensor con c6 the c6 cat thank phAn be xung nhu he thong tim vj tri, bet sinh riling luqng va thiet bj di dung. Cic thanh plain trong mOt nut Sensor duqc minh hog tren hinh 1.2. BO cam bien thueng thuerng gem hai don vj thanh phiin lit thief bj dm bien (Sensor) vi b0 chuyen deli Prong Vise (ADC). Cac tin hieu twang to c6 duqc tir cac Sensor trill co so cam bien cac hien tucmg duqc chuyen sang tin hieu se bang bO chuyen di ADC, rei mei duqc dua tai be xAr 19. BO xar lt , thtremg kit hqp voi met be nher the, phan tich thong tin dm in& vi quan It cac thu tuc Ong tic vei cat nut khic de phei hqp thyt hien nhiem vv. BO thu phat dam bio th8ng tin eta nut Sensor va mpg bang kit ad kh8ng day, c6 the la v8 tuyen, hung ngoai hok bang tin hieu quang. MOt thanh phAn quan Trang 7 Thiet bj di dung He thing tim vj tri Rd aim hiin Rd _cd• hi  1 4 1 BO sinh Ming luqng BO ngute Sensor 4 _ - _;Thiet bj za ADC Thiet bj nhe Bp thu phdt twig ctia nut Sensor la bO ngu6n. BO ngu6n, c6 the la pin ho(ic acquy, cung cap Ming luqng cho nut Sensor vi kh8ng thay the duqc nen nguan nang Ituyng dm nut thueng 111 giOi han. BO ngu6n c6 the duqc ha trq bed cic fiat bj sinh niing luqng, vi dv nhu cic tam pin m#t tan the. Hiu het cic ding nghe djnh tuyin trong mpg Sensor vu cic nhiem vy cam bien you ciu phai c6 sir nh$n biet ye vj tri vOi de chfnh xic cao. Do de, cic nut Sensor among phai c6 he thing tim vj tri. Cic thiet bj di gong den khi cling can thiet de di chuyen oic nut Sensor theo you tin di dim bio cic nhiem vµ duqc phan c8ng. Hinh 1.2. Ctie thanh phizn etia nut Sensor De minh hoa re hop ye mpg Sensor lcheng day trong thvc te, phan tiep sau day se giei thieu met he thing mang Sensor dien hinh. DO la he thing WISENET. 1.3.2. He thling WISENET a) Geri thieu he thing WISENET WISENET (Wireless Sensor NETwork) la he thing thu nhon dit lieu ye moi twang nhu tinh sang, nhiet de vi dO km ttY met mang gem cic thiet bj cam bien kh8ng day c8ng suit thip duqc gqi la cic "hat cam Bien" (Sensor motes). De lieu nay dirge chuyen ten met may ch6 vi duqc luu trong met ca se de lieu. Met chuang trinh Web se nii#n de lieu phan tich vi hien thj tren trinh duyet Web. Mai hat Sensor duqc tich hqp bOi met vi dieu khien, met be thu phat ve, tuyin, cic phin ter ciun bien mei trubng vi nguen nuoi. Met he dieu hinh thai gian thvc duqc gqi li TinyOS (Tiny Operation System) duqc s>f dvng de tan thieu cling suit lieu thy ma van cung cap !chi niing dieu the ding suit cao vi cho phop cic haat dung t#p trung deg thin. b) Sa d6 he thing WISENET Trang 8 He th6ng WISENET gam hat h¢ thong con chinh la phan tich so lieu (Data Analysis Subsystem) va thu nhen so lieu (Data Acquisition Subsystem), ba thanh phin chinh la tram chit (Server), tram ngtrei clang (Client) va mang cac hat Sensor (Sensor mote network). CUBIT  SERVER  SENSOR MOTE NETWORK DATA ANALYSIS SUBSYSTEM j . DATA ACQUISITION SUBSYSTEM j .  . Hinh 1.3. Sa do he tang WISENET Cac he thong con chinh la: - He thOng con phan tick so ` lieu: He thong con nay chi gam phan mem . Nd dva tren ca sec ha tang Internet vi Web hien tai (HTTP) de truyen th8ng tin gifts may firth chit (Server) va may truy 4p (Client). Nhiem vtr cern he thong con nay la chip ley cac de lieu m8i tnrbng thich hqp chug duqc xir ly , co duqc nh6 he thong thu nhen de lieu, phfut tich va girt ket qui den ngtr?ri ding theo yeu au. - He thimg thu nhOn so lieu: Mix inch ctia he thong con nay thu thap se lieu m8i trtemg vi luu frit trong ca s6 de lieu de sau do he thong ph& tich se xir ljr. He thong con bao g6m mpg cac Sensor duqc ket hqp vai may tinh chit duqc cai philn mem he thong (TinyOS Daemon). Cac thanh phim chinh cda he thong bao gam: - Trgm ngicai dung (Client): Client IA thanh phen can thiet nhtmg 11 thanh phan ben ngolti. CO nghia la chi can Client la bet cfr may firth nio co trinh duyet Web (Web browser) va duqc not mang Internet. Nd chi deng vai fro la giao dien cM ngtrai se dvng den vai he thong phfin tich s6 lieu. Nd dim ra yeu clu s6 lieu cM ngubi sir dung vai tram chd vu thu 'Ay cac s6 lieu dA yeu ciu. - Trgm chi (Server): DAy 11 thAnh phen then chOt cM he thong, 11 m6i lien lac gift hat he thong con thu nh$n va phAn tich s6 lieu. va met phan tich so lieu Trang 9 ne le mOt may chit HTTP (HTTP Server) mang mOt ting doing Web (Web program). Khi nh#n duqc mOt yeu ciu ye trang Web, may chit HTTP gqi (mg dung Web My nhon so lieu tar ca sa do lieu (SQL Database), phan tich vi due lei trang theo you ciu den may firth ngubi thing (Client). ye phis he thttng thu nh#n dO lieu, c6 mOt trinh tien Ich hoot ding ngAm (Daemon) duqc gqi la wiseDB de trio d6i thong tin a ding yeti mang Sensor. WiseDB dam nhon viec gfri cic lenh qua lien ket not flip 8232 den c6ng giao tiep (gateway mote) de chuyin tee mang Sensor. N6 cOng dim nhen viec thu th$p se lieu tir mpg Sensor (ciing thong qua gateway mote). 56 lieu due den duqc 361 lgt rat it vi duqc chuyin vao ca se do lieu. Nhu v$y, ca sa dtt lieu SQL la au an gilts hai he thong thu nhfut vi xir ly set lieu. Vi ca sa do lieu SQL lien lac th8ng qua TCP/IP nen chi tram chef HTTP vi chtrcmg trinh Web an phai duqc d#t trong Mng mOt to chtic vet lg. Tram chti HTTP, ca sa dn . lieu SQL, wiseDB co the dtit trong cic t6 chirc vet lt khic nhau vi ket nei thong qua Internet. Trinh to host ding dm Server duqc tom tit nhu sau: Client yeu cau so lieu yeti cac dieu kien Mint tra cic tham s6 dieu lden hqp le. Nh#n s6 lieu tfr ca sa chit lieu, tut theo ring buOc ctia tram khich Tao  Girl trang  trang Web vii  Web de lieu  din da duqc  Client yeu ciu HMI: 1.4. Trinh to hoot tong mia Server — Ming ccic ho t Sensor: Mang cic Sensor la thanh phin tong tam dm he tilting. Cac Sensor dim nhen viec thu th$p so lieu mei truing vi chuyen cic sti lieu nay den tram chit. NO can phai nh#n elk lenh tir tram chi, co the 11 you ciu ve s6 lieu hay tai chtrcmg trinh mai. C6 hai phin tir thuOc thinh phin nay. Thter nhAt la cic hat thong thubng (Standard mote). Cale hat My co nhiem thu th$p cic th8ng tin cam bien tim m8i trtrang, bao gem anh sing, nhiet do, dO Am vi truyen cic s6 lieu ntly den gateway. Cluing truyen thong tin qua lien ket v8 tuyen Ong suit thip a dii tan ISM 900 MHz vi dim him tat ci Mc goi du duce dua tai Gateway. Cluing can ce phin cimg hieu chinh vi gum sit ding suit nguOn. Hut c6ng (Gateway mote) la phan hi di* hai cue mang Sensor motes. Muc (Itch chinh cue ne la lien lac gitta tram chit vi mang Sensor qua lien ket vo thy& RS-232 vi chuyin tit ci cic &Si so lieu tin WiseDB. Ca hai Trang 10 phlin hi' Standard mote vi Gateway mote deu c6 cang phin cimg vi phin mem, ching chi khic nhau ve chirc nang. SCUM MOM Hinh 1.5. Cric thinh plain trong hot Sensor Ck thinh phin tong hat Sensor throe minh hog tren hinh 1.5, bao gam: — Ck Sensor cim Bien inh sing, dO Am, nhiet do (Light, Humidity, Temp); cic LED tang thii; — Mach thu phit v8 tuyen, mach giao tiep RS-232 (UARTS), cic be chuyen Wong to-so (ADC), vi zit 15 , 18i 8051, be nh6 SRAM vi FLASH (chins he dieu hinh TinyOS, phtm mem) dirgetich hop ten vi mach CC1010; — Phan mem he thong (drivers) giao tiep RS-232 (chi trong gateway), be thu phit vo tuyin vi antent; — BO nguon nueii (Om acquy, mach giim sit nguOn). c) Cic tieu chuin dirge ip dung — Giao that truyin sieu van bin (HTTP); — Ng8n ngit truy yin then eau true (SQL); — Lien ket vo tuyin not tiep RS-232; — Lien ket not tiep vi dieu lchien (I2C); — Quy djnh FCC (dii tin deg nghiep, khoa hoc, y to ISM). 1.4. Tong Ewan vi loan frac meng Ngan xip giao thtc throe so doing trong be thu nh$n (not Sink) vi tat ca the nut Sensor dirge minh hod tong hinh 1.6. Ngan zip giao thim nay phOi hop eac tinh Win ve djnh tuyen vi nang luting, kat hop se lieu v6i the giao thirc mang, truyen tin veri hieu quit vi Wing Wong th6ng qua Trang 11 [...]... trong luqc de con G nhe hon trong luqc de G' g6m tit ca nut trong G', neu hai nut u vi v duqc kit neu trong G' , chin% ding duqc kit neu trong G; Wing luqng an tin& de truyen se lieu ht nut u tit a cic not lin con trong luqc de con G nh6 hon nang luqng an thiet de truyen so lieu ten tat al cac nut lan 4n trong G' SMECN cOng than theo d#c firth ME ma MECN sir dung de au trim nen Trong 35 mang con D(Ic tinh... hoot dOng Ck nut Sensor duce trien khai day dac rat gin hoac true tiEp ben trong hien tugng de quan sat VI die, chung thireng hot dOng to dOng t i cac vAng each xa Chung c6 the lam viec trong cac mei the:mg sau: Trong can phan flip giap; —Ben trong cac bU phen 16n; —Day hien; — Ben trong can hien tugng phirc tap ; —Tren ma bien, trong meat thug I8i; —Cac yang 8 nhiem sinh holt; — Cac yang chien six;... dO ctia hAu het cac c8ng so dugc dieu khiln duqc tir met trong dm Bea vAy, nhiet dO trong mOt can phong c6 the duqc thay doi trong met pharn vi n116, nai nay ce the ce nhiet dO Am hon met nai khic vi chi ce mOt b0 dieu khien trong mOt can phong ma d6ng kh8ng khi chiy tir mOt he thong trong tam lai Ichong duqc phan b6 long dau MOt he thlng mang Wireless Sensor phAn tan c6 the duqc thiet I$p di dieu khien... eng dyng trong y MOt s6 ung ding trong y ti ciut mpg Sensor la cung cap khi nitng giao tikp cho ngutri khuyet t#t; kiim tra firth tang cita benh !thin; chart doan; quart 19 duqc phim trong benh vien; kiem tra sy di chuyin vi cic co the sinh hpc ben trong cua con tang vi cac log sinh vet nh6 khk; kiim tra tb xa cac sb lieu ve sinh 15, con nguiri; giam sat, hem tra cac Mc si va berth thin ben trong benh... kjp thai c6 the doge thu thop trong mOt vii phut Wu& khi bj doi phuang nan chOn; — Tim Mi4C dell: Cie mong Sensor c6 the dirge kit hop ch#t the veri cac he thong htrOng 40 trong cac quern trang thong minh; —Dinh gib thiet hot cua tran dcinh: Ngay tuft ho#c sau khi tan tong, the mang Sensor co the dirge trien khai trong yang moc lieu di top hgp the so lieu dash gia thiet hoi trong trOn dinh; — Trinh sat... o tin uk neu C(r) s C(r)' yea moi diking r' gift nut uo va u k trong 0' Nhu voy, mOt luqc a con c6 chic tinh ME neu vai tit ca do cep (u,v) thuOc V, ce tin tai mOt diking r trong G la mOt throng ME gitta u vi v trong G' Giao that tran (Flooding): thuit train la mOt kg thu$t cu ce the cling duct slit dung de djnh tuyen trong mang Sensor Trong thuot trait, mai nut dang nh'in mOt g6i si lieu holm mOt... an thiit coo nhftng log giao thirc mei h lep giao 4n 1.4.3 Lap mgng Cic nut Sensor duqc phan b6 day do trong mOt trueng h Sri hooch ngay ben trong cic Men tugng nye tieu nhu trong hinh 1.1 Giao thee djnh tuyen kheng day da buck phu hqp gifts nut Sensor vi not Sink li can thiit Icy thuot djnh tuyen trong mpg ad-hoc thong thu?mg kh8ng pha hqp nhttng you cau ciut mon Sensor Lop mang ctia mang Sensor duac... minh: trong tuong lai, tre em c6 the tuong tic v6i cic dli ttrqng trong bito tang di hieu hon va chimg Cac dOi ttrqng My c6 the phis ling lei cac va cham hay 16i n6i Ngoai ra, tre em con co the tham gia vito cac thi nghiem nguyen Sian - kit quit theo theri gian thoc de hoc lap vi lchoa hoc va rad truinig Them vio do, cac mang Wireless Sensor ce the cung dip Trang 25 thir ty vi sy djnh vi ben trong. .. cac del tucing trong ban ke bet al lrie nio; — Gicim sat vi theo dot xe co: co hai phuang phap giiun sit vi theo dOi xe ce Thu nhit, throng di Oa xe dirge xic djnh trong cic cum vi dupe chuyin ten tram g6c, thin hai li the se lieu chin qua x>i brr tir cac nut Sensor duce chuyin ten train g6c, tai diy ching duge pit tich de xic djnh vj tri cac xe Trang 26 CHUtING 2 NANG LUVNG TRONG M4.NG WIRELESS SENSOR... dyng trong guars sp Ck mpg Wireless Sensor IA met phan kh8ng the thieu trong cac 1mg dung quan so ngay nay WA cac h'e thong menh lenh, dieu Ichien, thu thOp tin tire tinh bao truyen thong, tinh town, theo dai ke tinh nghi, trinh sat va tim raw lieu Cac d#c tinh then khai nhanh chOng, to to chat va kha Ming chill dung 16i curt cac mpg Sensor cho they day Trang 21 li mOt ding nghe diy trien vong trong . nfta ciut mong Sensor la khi Wing cling tic cia cic Sensor. Cic Nit Sensor phii c6 bO xi ly gin trong. Thay vi chuyen cic dit lieu th8 din cic nit co nhiem vu xi iSr, de nut Sensor se sir. you eau ting dung cue mpg Sensor, De minh hoe diem nay, sv Ichac nhau gifts mang Sensor vi mang Wireless Ad hoc duce phic hoe dual day: — S6 luqng net Sensor tong mpg Sensor c6 the dirge yeu. mang Ad hoc; — Ck nut Sensor duqc trien khai van mat de 16n han; — Cac not Sensor thuong gap trot trac; — Hinh trong mang Sensor thay dei rat thutng xuyen; — Cac net Sensor thuong sir dung