GRAMMER : UNIT 7 Grade 12CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF CONCESSION I- CLAUSE OF CONCESSION Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ Definition: Là mệnh đề chỉ sự tương phản giữa hai mệnh đề trong câu.. II- PHRASE
Trang 1GRAMMER : UNIT 7 (Grade 12)
CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF CONCESSION
I- CLAUSE OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
Definition: Là mệnh đề chỉ sự tương phản giữa hai mệnh đề trong câu Bắt đầu bằng : although, though, even though, even if (mặc dù) + clause
Ex1: He was lazy He passed the test
-> Although he was lazy, he passed the test
Ex2: We had a picnic The weather was bad
-> We had a picnic though the weather was bad
II- PHRASE OF CONCESSION: (Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
Bắt đầu bằng IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE (mặc dù) sau nó là một cụm từ (phrase) có thể là cụm danh từ hoặc cum danh động từ
Ex1: Despite studying hard, he failed the final test
Ex2: We had a picnic in spite of the bad weather
III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi một mệnh đề thành cụm từ)
1- Mệnh đề có chủ từ là một đại từ (Pronoun) + be + adj khi đổi sang cụm từ ta bỏ BE, đổi
chủ từ thành tính từ sở hữu (possessive adj), đổi tính từ thành danh từ
Ex1: Although he was lazy, he passed the test
Despite his laziness, he passed the test
Ex2: Though he was poor, he lived a happy life
2- Mệnh đề cĩ chủ từ là danh từ (noun) + be + adj khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ Be, đổi chủ từ thành sở hữu cách (possessive case), đổi tính từ thành danh từ
Although
Though + Clause (S + V …)
Even though
Even if
IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE + phrase (noun phrase/ gerund phrase
Subject (pronoun) + be + adj
Trang 2Ex: The car didn’t crash though the driver was careless.
The car didn’t crash despite the driver’s carelessness
3- Mệnh đề cĩ chủ từ + V(ordinary) khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ chủ từ đổi động từ sang dạng V-ing
Ex: Though he studied hard, he didn’t passed the test
In spite of studying hard, he didn’t passed the test
4- Mệnh đề cĩ There be + noun, khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ there be
Ex: Although there were many people there, they couldn’t rescue him
Despite many people there, they couldn’t rescue him
* CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF REASON (M ệnh đ ề v à cum t ừ ch ỉ nguy ên nh ân)
I- CLAUSE OF REASON (Mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân)
Definition: Là mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân của hành đ ộng đ ư ợc n êu trong mệnh đề chính Bắt đầu bằng : Because (vì) + clause
Ex: He came ten minutes late He missed the first train
He came ten minutes late because he missed the first train
II- PHRASE OF REASON: (Cụm từ chỉ nguyên nhânï)
Bắt đầu bằng BECAUSE OF (bởi vì) sau nó là một cụm từ (phrase) có thể là cụm danh từ hoặc cum danh động từ
Subject (noun) + be + adj
possessive case + noun
Subject + V(ordinary)
V-ing
There + be + Noun
-> x + Noun
Because+ Clause (S + V …)
BECAUSE OF + phrase (noun phrase/ gerund phrase
Trang 3Ex1: Because of the bad weather, they didn’t take part in the trip.
Noun phrase Ex2: They stayed at home because of being sick
Gerund phrase
III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi một mệnh đề thành cụm từ)
- Cách đổi mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân sang cụm từ giống như cách đổi mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ sang cụm từ
Ex: I catch cold because I went out in the rain yesterday
I catch cold because of going out in the rain yesterday
EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Combine each pair of sentences below, using the conjunction given in brackets
1 He is very rich He isn’t happy (although)
-2 She couldn’t answer the question She is very intelligent (though)
-3 He tried He was not successful (though)
-4 His life is hard He determined to study well (although)
-5 He was wise and experienced He was not taken in (though)
-Exercise 2: Change the clause of concession to phrase
1 She didn’t eat much though she was hungry
-2 Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this
machine
-3 We did the test well though it was difficult
-4 Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him
-5 The plane took off though the weather was bad
Trang 4
-6 Though his English was good, he wasn’t chosen.
-7 Although the streets are narrow, many people drive in this city
-8 Mr Pike doesn’t wear glasses though he is over sixty
-9 He ate the chocolate cake even though he was on diet
-10 He studies very well though his life was hard at that time
Exercise 3: Change the clause of reason to phrase
1 Because she was careful, she didn’t make any mistakes in her answers
-2 I started to cough because there was smoke in the room
-3 We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough
4 I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult
-5 Peter didn’t go to school yesterday because he was sick
-6 Mary went to bed early because she felt tired
-7 She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold
-8 John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard
-9 She stayed at home because her mother was sick
-10 I like him because his father is kind to me
Exercise 4 : Choose A, B, C or D that best completes each unfinished sentence
1 we were in town , we often met him
2 She didn’t get the job she had all the necessary qualifications
3 I could not eat I was very hungry
a even though b in spite c despite d in spite the fact that
4 In pite _ , the baseball game was not cancelled
a the rain b of the rain
Trang 5c it was raining d there was a rain
5 he had enough money , he refused to buy a new car
a In spite b In spite of c Despite d Although
6 , he walked to the station
a Despite being tired b Although to be tired
c In spite being tired d Despite tired
7 The children slept well , despite _
a it was noise b the noise c of the noise d noisy
8 She left him she still loved him
a even if b even though c in spite of d despite
9 _ her lack of hard work , she was promoted
a In spite b Even though c in spite of d despite of
10 _ they are brothers, they do not look like
11 We are concerned with the problem of energy resouces we must also think of our environment
12 some Japanese women are successful in business , the majority of Japanese
companies are run by men