Ngữ pháp và bài tập tiếng anh cơ bản và nâng cao

Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện tại, thờng đi với at the moment, at present, now bây giờ , vào lúc này Eg : - I'm cooking at the moment.. Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại một

Tenses ( Thời của động từ)I/ Present Simple (Hiện tại đơn)

1 Form

a Khẳng định

- I, you, we , they + V(nguyên thể)

- He, she , it + V+s / V+es

- Sau các trờng hợp còn lại s đợc đọc là /z/

- Sau các phụ âm sh, ch, ss, x đuôi es đợc đọc là iz

- Những động từ tận cùng là phụ âm + y thì sang ngôi he, she, it y đổi thành i trớc khi thêm es.

Eg : I study  He studies

- Những động từ tận cùng là nguyên âm + y, biến đổi bình thờng khi sang ngôi he, she, it

Eg: I play, he plays

b Phủ định

- I, we, you, they don't + V

- He, she , it doesn't + V

Eg : - He usually goes to the cinema

- We clean our house everyday

- Lan washes clothes twice a week

b Diễn tả điều luôn luôn đúng (sự thật), hoặc đã đúng trong một khoảng thời gian dài.

Eg : - Some animals don't eat during winter ( Một vài loài động vật không ăn vào mùa đông)

- We are Vietnamese We speak Vietnamese

- He works in a bank

Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc:

1 They (go) on holiday every winter

2 The days (be) longer in summer

3 She often (talk) to herself

4 Oak trees (grow) very slowly

5 My dog (not eat) vegetables

6 My brother (not like) animals

7 Most people (not like) to visit a doctor

8 In his job she usually (stand)

9 My brother never (go) out in the evening

10 He usually (work) with paints and brushes

11 Do you know anyone who (speak) Italian?

12 At work he usually (sit) all day

13 (you ever work) at the weekend?

Exercise 2: Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời

Hans Huser is a ski-instructor He is Swiss and he lives in Villars, a village in the mountains Insummer he works in a sports shop and in winter he teaches skiing He speaks 4 languages :French, German, Italian and English He is married and has two children He plays football withthem in his free time He's happy with his family

1/ What / Hans Huser / do ?

2/ Where/ he / come / from ?

8/ How many children / he / have ?

9/ What / he / do / free time ?

10/ he / happy / family ?

Exercise 3: Đọc đoạn văn sau, điền một từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống , sau đó dùng từ gợi ý đặt

câu hỏi và trả lời

1

Alan is a lorry -driver He's 25 years He works five days week Every morning he gets

up at 6 o'clock He eats enormous breakfast at 6.30 He two cups of tea Then hekisses wife He leaves for work at 7.30 He lunch in a transport cafe He home at 5

o'clock In the evening he goes to the pub He goes to at 10.30

1/ What / Alan / do ?

2/ How many days / week / he work ?

3/ What time / he get up ?

4/ he / drink coffee / morning ?

5/ What time he / leave / work ?

6/ Where / he / have lunch ?

- Các động từ: die, lie, tie biến đổi nh sau:

die  dying, lie  lying, tie  tying

2 The use

a Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện tại, thờng đi với at the moment, at present, now ( bây

giờ , vào lúc này )

Eg : - I'm cooking at the moment

b Diễn tả hành động tơng lai đã đợc sắp xếp sẵn

He is meeting his brother at the station tonight

(Anh ta sẽ đón anh trai ở nhà ga vào tối nay.)

c Thời hiện tại TD đi với always khi ta muốn phàn nàn về một hành động lặp đi lặp lại.

Eg : He's always losing his keys (Anh ta cứ luôn đánh mất chìa khóa)

* Notes : Một số động từ không thờng dùng ở dạng tiếp diễn : be, understand, think (cho rằng), know, hear, love, like , stop , feel, smell, taste, sound

Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc:

1 What's that noise? Somebody (practise) the piano

2 She (have) a shower at the moment

3 Right now she (run) down a hill

4 I'm looking at that woman, she (wear) a nice dress

5 'Where is Kate?' 'She (watch) TV in the living room.'

6 Don't bother me now I ( work)

7 Take an umbrella It .( rain)

8 - Where's Jim?

- He with friends.(stay)

Exercise 2: Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời

It's a Sunday morning The sun is shining Mary is watching TV in her room Her father is readingnewspapers Her mother is cooking in the kitchen Mary has got a dog It is playing with a cat inthe garden It's a nice dog and Mary loves it very much

1/ sun / shine ?

2/ What Mary / do / now ?

3/ father / read / newspapers ?

4/ What / mother / do ?

5/ What / dog / do ?

6/ Mary / love / dog ?

Exercise 3: Đọc lá th sau dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời

Dear Tom,

Now I'm in Rio I'm staying in a big hotel It's very beautiful but expensive In the morning Iusually go to the beach I sometimes go shopping in the afternoon There are a lot of goods but Idon't have much money In the evening I usually stay in my room and watch TV At the moment,I'm eating a delicious cake and writing this letter to you

Tomorrow I'm going to the Trade Exhibition in the city centre Well, let me stop now, Give mylove to everyone

2

Susan

1 Where / Susan / stay ?

2 Where / she / go / morning ?

3 What / she / do / evening ?

4 What / she / do / at the moment ?

Exercise 4: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời

1/ Hello, this is Dr Smith's office Who (speak) ?

2/ Hurry up ! The train (come)

3/ It is a lovely day The sun (shine) and the birds (sing)

4/ The Earth (go) round the Sun

5/ Some animals (not eat) during the winter

6/ - What Oanh (do) at the moment ?

- She (cook) She usually (cook) dinner for her family

7/ In the evening he often (play) chess with his door neighbour

8/ They (build) a new hospital in my town now

9/ My father always (have) a rest after lunch

10/ She's very lazy She never (wash) the floor

11/ Look at those boys ! They (hurry) home after school

12/ Your mother usually (catch) the 8.10 bus ?

13/ Your sister (wait) for her friend at the station now?

14/ He usually (smile) at his wife when he (come) home

15/ - Mrs Lan (use) the computer now ?

- Yes, she usually (use) it for her work

16/ Minh sometimes (miss) his bus

17/ My uncle often (watch) TV in the evening But right now he (write) a letter

18/- They (have) breakfast now ? - No, they (sleep)

19/ My father always (relax) at the weekend

20/ You can't see Tom now He (have) a bath

21/ Tom can't have the newspaper now because his aunt (read) it

22/ I'm busy at the moment I (redecorate) the room

23/ The kettle (boil) now Shall I make the tea ?

24/ I don't want to go out now because it (rain) and I (not have) an umbrella

III/ Simple Past (Quá khứ đơn)

- Những động từ một âm tiết, một nguyên âm, kết thúc là một phụ âm thì trớc khi thêm ed ta gấp

đôi phụ âm cuối

Eg : -stop  stopped

- drop  dropped

- Những động từ kết thúc là phụ âm + y , trớc khi thêm ed ta đổi y thành i.

Eg : - study - studied

- Những động từ kết thúc là nguyên âm + y, biến đổi bình thờng

Eg: - play - played

- Đuôi ed đợc đọc là / t / khi đứng sau k, p, sh, ch, ss, x

Eg : - stopped, washed, watched, missed, fixed, cooked

- Đuôi ed đợc đọc là d sau các trờng hợp còn lại

- Động từ bất qui tắc : - see  saw

- 2 days ago (hai ngày/ tuần trớc đây)

weeks

Eg: - We played football yesterday

* Đi với when trong câu hỏi về hành động trong quá khứ

Eg : - When did you see him ?

- I saw him this morning

Exercise : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời

1/ Minh (be) very tired when I (see) him yesterday

2/ My father usually (work) 8 hours a day, but yesterday he (start) at 9.00 a.m and (finish) at 9.00 p.m

3/ It usually (rain) a lot in summer but it (rain) a little last summer

4/ -When John (leave) home ? -He (leave) 5 minutes ago

5/ What you (do) last Sunday ?

- I (have) a holiday in New York

Exercise : Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời

Last year David went to Barcelona for his holiday He went by air and stayed in a big hotel in thecity centre He stayed there for 5 days When he was there, he visited many beautiful places inBarcelona He took many photographs and bought a lot of souvenirs for his friends He enjoyedthe holiday very much

1/ When / David / go / Barcelona ?

2/ How long / stay ?

a Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ Thờng đi với at 2 o'clock /

at this time yesterday (Vào lúc 2 giờ / thời điểm này ngày hôm qua )

Eg : - They were swimming at 8 a.m yesterday

b Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác (thời quá khứ đơn) xảy tới Trong các câu này thờng có While , As (Trong khi), When (Khi, trong khi)

Eg : - While I was going home, I saw an accident (Tôi thấy tai nạn trong khi đang về nhà)

As

When

- Mai was cooking when I came (Khi tôi đến Mai đang nấu nớng)

- When I came Mai was cooking

c Đi với all yesterday morning

Eg : - They were dancing all yesterday morning (Họ khiêu vũ cả buổi sáng)

d While đợc sử dụng trong câu có 2 hành động ở thời quá khứ tiếp diễn

Eg : While I was reading, my sister was listening to music

( Trong khi tôi đang đọc sách thì chị tôi lại nghe nhạc)

Exercise : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời

1/ When I (arrive) at his house, he still (sleep)

2/ The light (go) out while we (have) dinner

3/ The last time I (see) him, he (wear) a grey suit

4/ Just as I (leave) , a student (stop) me in the hall

5/ Nam (play) football when he (break) his leg

6/ We (drink) a lot of beer at the party the day before yesterday

7/ They (build) a new bridge when I was there 2 months ago

8/ He (sit) in a cafe when I saw him

9/ My company (make) a lot of profits 5 years ago

10/ What you (do) when I phoned you on Monday ?

11/ While the two thieves (argue), someone (steal) their car

12/ When he was a boy at school, Edison (ask) a lot of questions The teacher (think) he wasstupid and she (send) him home Edison's mother (teach) her son at home and he (begin) to carryout a lot of experiments

13/ - You (visit) the zoo yesterday ?

- Yes, I did When I (go) there, I (see) our teacher

14/ Who (invent) the radio ?

V/ Present Perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành)

1 Form

a Khẳng định : I / you / we / they + have + PII

4

a Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra, đi với just

Eg : - I've just cleaned my house (Tôi vừa mới lau nhà)

b Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhng không nhắc tới thời điểm xảy ra của hành

động.

Eg : - I've lost my key (Tôi đã bị mất chìa khóa)

Khác với câu I lost my key yesterday (Tôi đã mất chìa khóa hôm qua )

c.Diễn tả hành động đã diễn ra trong khoảng thời gian vẫn còn là hiện tại today, this week / month

Eg : - Have you seen Lan today ?

- No, I haven't

- There have been 3 accidents here this month (Đã có 3 tai nạn ở đây vào tháng này)

d Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhng thời điểm không rõ ràng, đi với already (đã rồi), recently, lately (gần đây), before (trớc kia).

Eg : - He's already done his homework.

- I've seen this film 3 times before (Tôi đã 3 lần xem bộ phim này trớc đây)

e Dùng với yet (cha, vẫn cha) trong câu hỏi và câu phủ định.

Eg : - Have you met your new teacher yet ?

- No, we haven't met her yet

f Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại , đi với since, for, up to now ,

so far (cho tới bây giờ),

- for + khoảng thời gian

Eg : - My brother has been a doctor for ten years now (Anh tôi đã là bác sĩ đợc 10 năm)

- since + mốc thời gian

Eg : - We haven't met each other since we left school (Chúng tôi đã không gặp nhau kể từ khi chúng tôi ra trờng )

-Up to now / So far we have visited 3 countries in the world (Cho tới bây giờ chúng tôi đã thăm 3 nớc trên thế giới.)

g Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với ever (đã từng), never (cha bao giờ)

- ever đi với câu hỏi và câu khẳng định

Eg : - Have you ever read this book ? ( Cậu đã từng đọc cuốn sách này cha ?)

-No, I've never read it (Tôi cha bao giờ đọc nó)

- This is the most interesting film I've ever seen.( Đây là bộ phim hay nhất mà tôi đã từng xem)

h Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với

in the past 2/ 3 years/ months ( Trong 2/3 tháng/ năm qua)

for last

Eg : -There have been a lot of changes in our town in the last 2 years (Đã có nhiều đổi thay ở thị

trấn chúng tôi trong 2 năm qua)

i Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với This is the first, second, third time ( Đây là lần đầu tiên, lần thứ hai )

Eg : - This is the first time I've tasted this food (Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi đợc nếm món ăn này)

= I've never tasted this food before (Trớc đây tôi cha bao giờ ăn món này)

k Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với

ages

for months (đã lâu rồi)

a long time

Eg : - I haven't seen my sister for ages (Đã lâu rồi tôi không gặp chị gái tôi)

= It's ages since I last saw my sister (Đã lâu rồi kể từ lần cuối cùng tôi gặp chị gái tôi)

Exercise : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời

1/ My wife and I (be) there several times in the past

2/ We (study) almost every lesson in this book so far

3/ He (visit) his friends recently

4/ - You (see) her today ?

- No, I haven't seen her yet

5/ She (do) her homework already

6/ They never (go) to the cinema in their life

7/ Tom, I (not see) you for ages ! Where have you been ?

8/ He is the most kind-hearted man I ever (meet)

9/ There (be) 3 accidents on this street in the past 3 days

10/ Is this the first time you (visit) our beautiful country ?

5

11/ Scientists (find) cures for many illnesses in the last 50 years

12/ My uncle's health (improve) since he (leave) India

13/ I (buy) a new shirt last week but I (not wear) it yet

14/ I (not see ) Lan since we (leave) school

15/ We just (move) to a new house but we (be) dissatisfied with it

VI/ Present Perfect Continuous (Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)

1 Form

a Khẳng định : S + have/ has + been + V-ing

b Phủ định : S + haven't / hasn't + been + V-ing

c Nghi vấn : Have / Has + S + been + V-ing ?

c Thời hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng vớ câu hỏi How long, Since when

Eg : - How long have you been living here ? (Anh đã sống ở đây đợc bao lâu rồi ?)

- I've been living here for 12 years = I started living here 12 years ago (Tôi bắt đầu sống ở

đây 12 năm trớc đây.)

Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời

1/ - How long you (learn) English ?

- I (learn) English for 5 years

2/ - Where is Peter ? - He (be) in his room He (sleep) He (sleep) since 2 o'clock

3/ They (live) here for 20 years now

4/ Look ! Her eyes are red and wet She (cry)

5/ The boy is tired He (run) for two hours

6/ You look tired! Yes I (work) _very hard

7/ Where's the magazine I gave you? What (you do) _ with it?

8/ We (have) the same car for twelve years

9/ This room was white Now it is blue He (paint) _ it

10/ This is the first time I (drive) _ a car Thanks for lending me your car

11/ These shoes are nice and clean (you clean) _ them?

12/ Sorry I'm late (you wait) long?

13/ Somebody (steal) _ my keys They are not on the table

14/ Mary is still watching TV She (watch) _ TV all day

15/ Look! Somebody (spill) wine on the floor

VII/ Past Perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành)

* Thời quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả hành động xảy ra trớc một hành động quá khứ hoặc một thời

điểm quá khứ khác Thờng đi với after, before, when, by the time (cho tới khi), as soon as ( ngay sau khi)

Eg : - After he had done his homework, he went to the cinema ( Sau khi nó làm xong bài tập, nó

đi xem phim.) = Before he went to the cinema, he had done his homework

- When I got there, they had gone home (Khi mà tôi tới đó, họ đã về nhà rồi.)

- When he had sung his song, he sat down (Khi anh ta hát xong, anh ta ngồi xuống)

- By the time we got to the station, the train had already left ( Cho tới khi chúng tôi tới ga, tàu

đã chạy rồi)

Exercise : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời

1/ After her husband (get) home, she started to wash the clothes

2/ When they reached France, they (visit) 13 countries

3/ When she (arrive) at his house, she (find) that he (leave) a few minutes before

4/ Before Mr Ron met me, he (do) nothing

5/ Yesterday I was sorry that I (hurt) him

6/ They (tell) her that they (not meet ) her before

7/ When she (realise) her mistakes, she apologised

8/ When I (meet) my cousin 2 weeks ago, he told me that he just (return) from the South

VIII/ Thời tơng lai đơn (will/ shall)

1 Form

a Khẳng định S + will / shall + V

b Phủ định S + won't / shan't + V

c Câu hỏi Will/ Shall + S + V ?

* Notes : - Will đợc dùng với tất cả các ngôi Shall thờng dùng với ngôi I , we

6

2 The use : - Thời tơng lai đơn diễn tả hành động tơng lai đơn thuần.

Eg : - I'll do it tomorow (I'll = I will) ( Tôi sẽ làm việc này vào ngày mai)

- He'll come here soon (Chẳng mấy chốc nó sẽ tới đây)

- Our exam will be in two weeks (Kỳ thi của chúng tôi sẽ diễn ra trong 2 tuần nữa)

- They won't help you

- Will you buy it ?

- Yes, I will/ No, I won't

* Will còn đợc sử dụng trong lời yêu cầu, lời mời

Eg : - Will you please get it for me ? (Yêu cầu)

- Yes, certainly/ OK / of course

- Will you come to my party ? (Lời mời)

* Will đợc sử dụng khi đa ra lời hứa

Eg : - I will pay you tomorrow ( Tôi sẽ trả cậu vào ngày mai)

* Shall đợc sử dụng trong lời gợi ý

Eg : - Shall we go to the zoo this afternoon ? ( Chiều nay chúng ta đi vờn thú chứ ?)

* Shall đợc dùng trong lời đề nghị giúp đỡ

Eg : - Shall I do it for you ? ( Để tôi giúp cậu nhé)

IX/ Thời tơng lai gần, tơng lai dự định (Be going to)

1 Form

a Khẳng định S + be going to + V

b Phủ định S + be + not + going to + V

c Nghi vấn Be + S + going to + V ?

- Are you going to work in France next month ? - Yes, I am / No, I'm not

2 The use

a Diễn tả hành động tơng lai đã lên kế hoạch từ trớc.

Eg : - He's going to get married next month.(Anh ấy sẽ cới vợ vào tháng sau)

b.Diễn tả hành động sắp xảy ra trong tơng lai gần

.Eg : - Look at those clouds ! It's going to rain (Nhìn những đám mây kìa ! Trời sắp ma đấy !)

* So sánh Will và Be going to

- Be going to chỉ hành động tơng lai có dự định.

Eg : - I'm going to England for my holiday next week.

- Will chỉ hành động tơng lai bất chợt, không đợc dự tính từ trớc.

Eg : - Our teacher is ill (Thầy giáo bị ốm đấy)

- Is he ? I'll visit him this afternoon (Thế à ? Chiều nay tớ sẽ thăm thầy )

Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời

1/ - Hai has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg

- I'm sorry to hear that I (visit) him

2/ Look at those clouds It (rain)

3/ What are you going to do with that dress ?

- I (shorten) it

4/ I've hired a typerwriter and I (learn) to type

5/ Listen to this ! I think this news (surprise) you

6/ Tom, when you (get) married, this month or next month ?

7/ - What you (do) next week ? - I (visit) my grandparents

Exercise for Revision : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời

1/ Roy (come) from New York He (live) in California now He (study) marketing He has earned

a lot of money and just (buy) a car He (drive) his car to his friend in the countryside yesterday.While he (drive) there, he (see) a train accident

2/ Mr Baker (work) as an engineer He (be) an engineer since 1985 He (have) 2 children They(study) abroad now

3/ I never (meet) anyone famous yet Have you ?

- Yes, I (have) I (meet) Elton John in New York in 1988 and we (talk) to each other a lot

4/ In the evening I often (play) chess with my door neighbour I (play) chess with him ever since I(come) to live here ten years ago He (be) here all his life He (inherit) the house from his father,another great chess player

5/ Alice (be) 18 years old and she (come) from England She is now in Hanoi and (study)Vietnamese She (arrive) in Hanoi in January, so she (be) there for 6 months Next month she (go)

to Hue

6/ When I was young I (want) to be a pilot

7/ Who (you wait) for when I arrived?

8/ - You (see) Jane last night?

- Yes She (wear) her new jacket when I saw her

9/ By the time we got to the cinema the film (to start), so we missed the first five minutes

10/ When I rang the bell there was no answer The neighbour told me that they (to go out) about half an hour ago

Adjectives - Adverbs ( Tính từ - Trạng từ)1/ So sánh về cấu tạo

7

Adv = Adj + ly

Eg :

- quick - quickly (nhanh)

- slow - slowly (chậm)

- careful - carefully ( cẩn thận)

- bad - badly (kém, tồi)

* Lu ý :

+ Những tính từ có tận cùng là y biến đổi nh sau :

- happy - happily ( hạnh phúc, vui vẻ)

- easy - easily (dễ)

- lazy - lazily (lời)

+ Những trờng hợp không theo qui tắc :

- good - well ( tốt)

- fast - fast (nhanh)

- late - late (muộn)

- much - much ( nhiều)

- hard - hard ( chăm chỉ)

- early - early (sớm)

- far - far (xa)

2/ So sánh về cách sử dụng

* Adj :

+ Đứng trớc danh từ (n) :

Eg : - He is a careful driver ( Anh ấy là một lái xe cẩn thận)

+ Đứng sau động từ to be :

Eg : - He is careful ( Anh ấy cẩn thận)

* Adv :

- Đứng sau động từ thờng :

Eg : - He drives carefully.( Anh ấy lái xe cẩn thận)

Exercise : Chọn từ đúng trong số hai từ trong ngoặc :

1 John is reading (careful / carefully)

2 He is a (slow / slowly) learner

3 Maria Elena speaks Spanish ( fluently / fluent)

4 Rita plays the violin ( good / well)

5 He was working ( hard / hardly)

6 The sun is ( bright / brightly) today

7 She's a ( fast / fastly ) swimmer

8 You can do this exercise (easily/ easy)

Exercise : Viết lại các câu sau, giữ nguyên nghĩa :

1 Mr Hai is a bad driver  Mr Hai drives

2 She is a careless driver. She

3 Hoa is a fast typist  Hoa

4 Mary dances marvellously  Mary is

5 Celine Dion sings well  Celine Dion is

6 Lien is a good English speaker  Lien speaks

7 Mr Linh is a hard worker  Mr Linh

8 Minh is a fast swimmer  Minh swims

9 My father drives well  My father is

10 He runs quickly  He is

11 Lan is a bad English speaker  Lan speaks

12 Mrs Young is a very slow typist  Mrs Young types

13 My mother cooks well  My mother

Exercise : Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời:

Carol Stuart is a good student She is studying chemistry She can play the piano and the guitar very well She is a very good cook and swimmer She speaks Russian and French perfectly She is

beautiful, too

1 Carol / good / bad student ?

2 What / she / study ?

3 How / she / play / piano / guitar ?

4 She / cook / well ?

5 She / swim / well ?

6 How / she / speak Russian / French ?

7 She / beautiful ?

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So sánh ( Comparisons) A/ So sánh Tính từI/ So sánh ngang bằng

* Mẫu câu : S + to be + as + adj + as + noun (danh từ)

pronoun (đại từ)

Eg : - Nam is as quick as Hai.

- They are as happy as we are

us

* Lu ý :- Trong câu phủ định ta có thể dùng so thay cho as :

Eg : - Mai isn't as tall as her brother

= Mai isn't so tall as her brother

Exercise 1 : Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở dạng so sánh ngang bằng :

1 Ha Noi / noisy / Ho Chi Minh City

2 Today / cold / yesterday

3 My bag / expensive / his

4 Their house / big / our house

5 I / not / tired / yesterday

6 this pen / good / that one ?

7 Her shoes / cheap / mine

II/ So sánh hơn ( Comparative)

1/ Short adj (Tính từ ngắn)

Tính từ ngắn là tính từ có một âm tiết :

Eg : - big, cold, hot, tall

Mẫu câu : S + to be + adj + er + than + noun (danh từ)

- lazy - lazier ( lời)

Exercise 1: Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở dạng so sánh hơn :

1 I / short / my brother

2 Hai Duong / small/ Ha noi

3 His shoes / cheap / mine

4 Russia / big / Canada

5 This exercise / easy / that one

6 this car / fast / yours ?

7 Today / cold / yesterday

2/ Long adj ( Tính từ dài)

Tính từ dài là tính từ có 2 âm tiết trở lên:

Eg : tired, expensive, difficult, interesting

Mẫu câu : S + to be + more +long adj + than + noun (danh từ)

pronoun (đại từ)

Eg : - They are more tired than us = We are not as tired as them.

- This exercise is more difficult than that one

Exercise 2: Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở dạng so sánh hơn :

1 Her shoes / expensive / his

2 Mr Jones / careful / wife

3 Football / popular / table-tennis

4 English / difficult / Chinese ?

5 Spring / pleasant / summer

6 Her car / comfortable / mine

7 His chidren / hard-working / my chidren

3/ Irregular Adj ( Bất qui tắc)

Eg : - His English is better than mine = My English isn't as good as his.

Exercise 3: Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở dạng so sánh hơn :

1 My friend's bike / good / mine

2 This picture / bad / yours

3 He has / much money / I have

4 My sister / have / many books / me

Exercise 4: Viết lại các câu sau, giữ nguyên nghĩa :

1/ They were happier yesterday than today  Today they

2/ English isn't so interesting as biology  Biology is

3 / I'm not as good at English as him  He is

4/ His role is more important than mine  My role

5 / My kitchen is bigger than yours  Your kitchen

6 / I haven't got as much money as you  You have

7 / French is more difficult than English  English

8 / Nam isn't so careful as his father  Nam's father

9 / Mai is prettier than her sister  Mai's sister

10 / Hai Duong isn't so noisy as Ha Noi  Ha Noi

11/ My house is smaller than his  His house

III/ So sánh nhất 1/ Short adj : Mẫu câu : S + to be + the + short adj + est + in / of

Eg : - John is the tallest student in his class = No one in his class is taller than John = No one in his class is as tall as John * Lu ý : + Những tính từ kết thúc là một phụ âm, trớc khi thêm est, phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối. Eg : - big - the biggest - hot - the hottest + Những tính từ kết thúc là e , chỉ thêm st : Eg : - large - largest + Những tính từ 2 âm tiết , kết thúc là y, đợc biến đổi nh sau : Eg : - happy - happiest - pretty - prettiest - lazy - laziest 2 Long adj : Mẫu câu : S + to be + the + most + long adj + in / of

Eg : - Freedom is the most important of all ( Tự do là quan trọng nhất trong số mọi điều) = Nothing is more important than freedom 3 Irregular Adj : - good - the best - bad - the worst - many - the most - much - the most - little - the least - far - the farthest/furthest Eg : - Mai is the best student in our class Exercise 1: Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở dạng so sánh nhất : 1 Russia / large / country/ in the world 2 She / careful pupil / in my class 3 Ronaldinho / good / footballer / in the world 4 Phil / happy / person / we know 5 These shoes / expensive / of all 6 Ho Chi Minh City / big city / in Viet Nam 7 This / interesting film / I / ever / see 8 Hoa / pretty / girl / in her group 9 Mr Pike / generous / person / in my town Exercise 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau theo mẫu Eg : It's a very nice room It's one of the nicest rooms in the hotel. 1/ It's a very old castle It's in Britain 2/ She's a very good player She's in the team 3/ It was a very bad experience It was in my life 4/ Nam is a very intelligent student He .in the class Exercise 3: Viết lại các câu sau, giữ nguyên nghĩa : 1/ No one in my class is more intelligent than Lan  Lan is

2/ We don't know a happier person than him  He is

3/ Nothing is more interesting than football  Football is

4/ Is this the biggest hat you've got ?  Have you got ?

5/ Everest is higher than any mountains in the world  Everest is

6/ No one in my class is fatter than Minh  Minh is

7/ Mr Ron is the richest man in our town  No one

8/ No one in my group is better at English than Lan  Lan is

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B/ So sánh Trạng từ I/ So sánh ngang bằng

Mẫu câu : S + V + as + adv + as + noun (danh từ)

pronoun (đại từ)

Eg : - Mr Ba works as hard as Mr Lam.

* Lu ý : Ta có thể thay as bằng so trong câu phủ định.

Eg : - I can't play the piano as well as my sister = I can't play the piano so well as my sister

II/ So sánh hơn

1/ Short adverbs (Trạng từ ngắn)

Mẫu câu : S + V + short adv + er + than + noun (danh từ) / pronoun (đại từ)

Eg : - My brother runs faster than I do = I don't run as fast as my brother.

me

2 Long adv :

Mẫu câu : S + V + more + long adv + than + noun (danh từ)

pronoun (đại từ)

Eg : - Mr Jones drives more carefully than Mr Smith

= Mr Smith doesn't drive as carefully as Mr Jones

3 Irregular adv ( Bất qui tắc)

Eg : - well - better

- badly - worse

- much - more

- early - earlier

- late - later

Eg : - Sam can speaks French better than me

- Yesterday he drank more than today

Exercise : Viết lại các câu sau, giữ nguyên nghĩa :

1/ Jane can swim further than I can  I can't

2/ We didn't do the test as quickly as Linh  Linh did

3/ Peter can't run as fast as Tim  Tim runs

4/ John speaks French more fluently than I do  I cannot

5/- Thuy is a more fluent French speaker than Phong  Thuy speaks French

6/ He plays football better than me  I don't

7/ Mrs Hoa doesn't work as hard as her husband  Mrs Hoa 's husband works

8/ They answered the teacher's question yesterday more intelligently than us  We didn't

9/ Hai couldn't listen to the teacher yesterday as attentively as his friend did  Hai's friend

10/ She runs faster than me  I don't

11/ Thanh works harder now than last year  Last year Thanh

12/ He doesn't understand the lessons as well as last year  Last year he

13/ My sister usually gets up earlier than me  I usually

14/ Yesterday, Mr Pike didn't drink as much as Mr Withe  Yesterday Mr Withe

15/ Tom speaks more persuasively than Bill  Tom is

16/ I don't know as much about it as her  She knows

17/ Mrs La is a slower and more careful driver than I am  La drives

18/ Jane is a better cook than Robert  Robert can't

19/ He didn't arrive as early as we expected  He arrived

C/ Một số lu ý thêm về các câu So sánh 1 Ta có thể dùng much, (by) far , a lot , a little trớc adj và adv trong câu so sánh hơn để nhấn mạnh Eg : - My bag is much cheaper than my friend's. - My father swims far better than me 2 Có thể dùng danh từ với câu so sánh Eg : - I have more books than my sister = My sister doesn't have as many books as I have - He has more money than his brother = His brother doesn't have as much money as him 3 Có thể thay danh từ số ít bằng that, danh từ số nhiều bằng those nếu ta không muốn nhắc lại danh từ đó Eg : - The salary of a professor is higher than that of a teacher ( Lơng của giáo s thì cao hơn của giáo viên) (that = the salary) - Classes in the college aren't as difficult as those in the university (Those = classes) 4 Có thể dùng twice (2 times), 3, 4 times trong câu so sánh ngang bằng Eg : - His house is twice as big as my house (Nhà của anh ấy to gấp đôi nhà tôi) 5 The same as đợc sử dụng trong dạng so sánh ngang bằng. Eg : - Ann's salary is as high as Peter's = Ann's salary is the same as Peter's - Tom is as old as George = Tom is the same age as George (Tom bằng tuổi George) 6 More and more, better and better, harder and harder, more and more difficult .

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Eg : - His English is getting better and better (Tiếng Anh của anh ấy ngày càng trở lên tốt hơn)

- These days more and more people are learning English (Ngày nay ngày càng có nhiều ngời học tiếng Anh)

7 So sánh kép :

Mẫu câu : The + so sánh + chủ ngữ + động từ + the + so sánh + chủ ngữ + động từ

Eg : - The more I thought about the plan, the less I like it (Càng nghĩ về kế hoạch đó, tôi càng

thấy không thích nó)

- The warmer the weather (is), the better I feel

- The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your destination

( Bạn càng đi sớm bạn càng tới đích sớm hơn)

- The younger you are, the easier it is to learn (Chúng ta càng trẻ thì học càng dễ)

Exercise 1: Hoàn thành các câu sau theo mẫu

Eg: It's becoming harder and harder to find a job.(hard)

1/ That hole in your pullover is getting (big)

2/ As I waited for my interview, I became (nervous)

3/ As the day went on, the weather got (bad)

4/ Travelling is becoming (expensive)

5/ Since she has been in Britain, her English has got (good)

Exercise 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau theo mẫu

Eg: I like warm weather The warmer the weather , the better I feel (feel)

1 I didn't really like him at first But the more I got to know him, (like)

2/ She had to wait a very long time The longer she waited, (impatient/become) 3/ If you use more electricity, your bill will be higher The more electricity you use, (high)

Exercise 3: Chọn từ đúng trong số các từ đã cho :

1 This car is as expensive as our car

a double b twice c much d a lot

2 The harder she works, the money she earns

a better b much c more d less

3 The you are, the it is to concentrate

a more tired / more hard b more tired/ harder c tired / hard d tired / hardly

4 The she waited, the she became

a more long / more impatient b longer / impatient

c long / more impatient d longer / more impatient

5 The standard of living in Canada is higher in many countries

a than that b as that c than those d as those

6 My boss is very young He's than I am

a younger 10 years b 10 years more young c 10 years younger d 10 years young

7 Life in Hai Phong is expensive than that in Hai Duong

a a little more b a little much c far much d more a lot

8 What do you think about the parks in London ? Are they bigger in Ha Noi ?

a than that b than those c as that d as those

9 pollution is being produced nowadays

a Much and much b Many and many c Better and better d More and more

10 The you spend learning, your study result will be

a much time / the best b more time / the good c more time / the better d better time / the well

11 Is your weight Hoa's

a the same as b as the same c the same like d like the same

Revision 1

I/ Rewrite the following sentences

1/ They were more tired yesterday than today  Today they

2/ Mr Hai is a good driver  Mr Hai drives

3/ English isn't so difficult as Maths  Maths is

4/ His brother is not so good at French as him  He is

5/ His role is more important than mine  My role

6/ I can't swim as well as Jane  Jane

7/ No one in my class is noisier than Lan  Lan is

8/ We didn't do the test as fast as Linh  Linh did

9/ Peter can't run as far as Tim  Tim runs

10/ My kitchen is smaller than yours  Your kitchen

11/ Phong speaks English more fluently than I do  I

12/ She is a dangerous driver  She

13/ Hoa is a careful typist  Hoa

14/ Mary dances marvellously  Mary is

15/ Celine Dion sings wonderfully  Celine Dion is

16/ Lien is a good English speaker  Lien speaks

17/ We don't know a lazier person than her  She is

18/ Nothing is more interesting than football  Football is

19/ I am 20 years old My brother is 40  My brother is twice

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20/ Everest is higher than any mountains in the world  Everest is

21/ Minh is the most hard-working in our class  No one

22/ You have more money than us  We

23/ Mr Robinson is the poorest person in our town  No one

24/ No one in my group is better at English than Linh - Linh is

25/ Phong speaks French more fluently than Thuy  Thuy does

26/ He plays football more skilfully than me  I don't

27/ Mrs Hoa doesn't work as hard as her husband  Mrs Hoa 's husband works

28/ He doesn't run as quickly as five years ago  Five years ago he

29/ My sister usually gets up later than me  I don't usually

30/ French is more difficult than English  English

31/ Nam isn't so careless as his brother  Nam's brother

32/ My house is much smaller than his  His house

33/ The streets in Ha Noi aren't as quiet as those in Paris  The streets in Paris

34/ Yesterday, Mr Pike didn't drink as much beer as Mr Withe  Yesterday Mr Withe

35/ Mrs Ha is 2 years younger than Mrs Lanh  Mrs Lanh

36 He hasn't written to his parents for 2 months  The last time

37 I've never been to Scotland before. This is

38 I started learning English 5 years ago  I've

39 The last time I saw him was in 1995  I haven't

40 We haven't seen Ann for ages. It's ages

41 Linda's career as a television presenter began 4 years ago  Linda has been

42 It started to rain at two o'clock. It has

43 Samuel started keeping a diary 2 years ago  Samuel has

44 It is ages since I last saw you  I haven't

45 We last saw him when we were students  We haven't

46 She is the most beautiful girl I've ever met  I've never

47 He hasn't received news from home for two months  The last time

II/ Chọn đáp án đúng trong số A, B, C hoặc D 1/ Hurry up ! We've been waiting for you What's taking you so long ? - I for an important phone call Go ahead and leave without me A wait B will wait C am waiting D have waited 2/ Robert is going to be famous someday He in 3 movies already A has been appearing B had appeared C has appeared D appeared 3/ "Where's Polly ?"" - "She "

A is in her room studying B in her room is studying C studies in her room D has in her room studied 4/ When is Mr Fields planning to retire ? - Soon, I think He here for a long time He'll probably retire either next year or the year after that A worked B had been working C has been working D is working 5/ Next week when there is a full moon, the ocean tides higher A is being B is C will be D will have been 6/ - I once saw a turtle that had wings The turtle flew into the air to catch insects - I it A don't believe B am not believing C didn't believe D wasn't believing 7/ My family loves this house It the family home ever since my grandfather built it 60 years ago A was B has been C is D will be 8/ A minor earthquake occured at 2.00a.m on January 3rd Most of the people in the village at the time and didn't even know it had occured until the next morning A slept B had slept C were sleeping D slept 9/ Would you like to join Linda and me tomorrow ? We visit the Natural Museum A will B are going to C will be D will have 10/ When I came, everyone

A has left B had left C left D was leaving Danh động từ (Gerund) I/ The form V+ ing : - swimmimg, having, playing

II/ Một số mẫu câu với danh động từ

1/ Danh động từ đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ trong câu

- Swimming is my hobby (Bơi là sở thích của tôi)

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2/ Danh động từ làm bổ ngữ trong câu (đứng sau to be)

- My hobby is swimming

3/ Danh động từ đợc sử dụng sau giới từ

*Một số cụm tính từ +giới từ + V-ing

excited about ( phấn khích)

Eg : - I'm afraid of flying

- Are you bored with staying at home at weekends ?

- He's used to getting up early

- Nam is good at learning French

Eg : - He succeeded in finding a good job.

- I object to going out ( Tôi phản đối việc tôi phải ra ngoài)

- I object to his going out (Tôi phản đối việc anh ta ra ngoài)

- He apologised (to me) for breaking the glass (Anh ta xin lỗi (tôi) vì đã đánh vỡ cái cốc)

* Một số ví dụ về các giới từ khác :

After, before, without, like , for , on

Eg : - He left my house without saying good bye ( Anh ta rời nhà tôi mà không nói lời tạm biệt)

On seeing her mother, she burst out crying = When she saw her mother, she burst into tears.( Khi nhìn thấy mẹ, nó òa lên khóc)

- After saying good bye to me, he went back to the college

4/ Danh động từ đợc sử dụng sau một số động từ

- regret doing sth ( Tiếc đã làm gì)

- prevent sb from doing sth ( Ngăn cản ai làm gì)

Eg : - He suggested visiting the museum ( Anh ta gợi ý đi thăm viện bảo tàng)

- We are considering leaving our village

- He kept (on) listening to the radio

- I don't mind working hard

- Would you mind opening the window ?

- You should practise speaking English in class

- The bad weather prevented us from having a picnic

( Thời tiết xấu ngăn cản chúng tôi đi picnic)

- The children enjoy walking in the rain

- My father started working here when he was 23

- They stopped laughing when the teacher came in

5/ Danh động từ đợc sử dụng để tạo thành danh từ kép : Dđtừ + Danh từ = Danh từ kép

14

Eg: - a reading lamp (đèn đọc sách) = a lamp for reading

- a travelling bag ( túi du lịch) = a bag for travelling

6/Danh động từ đợc sử dụng sau một số cụm từ sau

- can't stand/ can't bear không thể chịu đựng đợc

- can't help / can't resist không thể đừng đợc

- look forward to mong muốn

- It's no use vô ích khi làm gì

- It's no good

- There's no point in

- It's (not) worth Thật (không ) đáng

Eg : -I look forward to hearing from you ( Tôi mong nhận đợc tin cậu)

- It's no use waiting for her ( Thật vô ích khi đợi cô ta)

There's no point in asking him for money

- We can't help laughing when he told his funny story

( Chúng tôi không nhịn đợc cời khi nghe anh ấy kể chuyện cời)

- It's worth reading this book (Thật đáng đọc cuốn sách này)

7 S + V + possessive adj / object pronoun + Gerund

(Chủ ngữ + đ từ + t từ sở hữu/ đại từ tân ngữ + Danh động từ )

- object to one's doing sth (phản đối ai làm gì)

- insist on one's doing sth (nài nỉ ai làm gì)

- approve / disapprove of one's doing sth (chấp nhận/ không chấp nhận ai làm gì)

- dislike one's doing sth (không thích ai làm gì)

Eg : - We object to his/ him coming late (Chúng tôi phản đối anh ta đến muộn)

- I object to working overtime this week

(Tôi phản đối việc phải làm việc quá giờ vào tuần này)

- They insisted on my attending the party ( Họ nài nỉ tôi đến dự tiệc)

- She insisted on seeing the manager.= She insisted that she had to see the manager

( Cô ta khăng khăng đòi gặp giám đốc)

- His parents disapprove of his marrying that woman

(Bố mẹ anh ấy không tán thành anh ấy cới ngời đàn bà đó)

- I dislike people criticising me unfairly (Tôi ghét việc mọi ngời chỉ trích tôi không công bằng)

Exercise 1: Provide the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1/ He doesn't enjoy (sit) alone and (do) nothing

2/ My brother (give) up (fish) last year

3/ Please go on (write) I don't mind (wait)

4/ Their children (be) afraid of (walk) on the street at night

5/ Do you mind (turn) off the radio ?

6/ I'm fond of (swim) in the river

7/ She (hate) (get) up early

8/ We are fed up with (eat) the same food everyday

9/ My child is bored with (play) with the same picture

10/ We like (see) people living peacefully

11/Are you interested in (have) dinner with me this afternoon ?

12/ Mr Long loves (watch) football on TV

13/ Nam is used to (stay) up late

14/ There's no point in (ask) him for money He's broke

15/ The bad weather prevented us from (go) on holiday

16/ (Have) a talk with a man like him is really interesting

Exercise 2: Use the suggestions to write complete sentences

1/ Lan / enjoy / listen / music

2/ brother/ interested / find / new job

3/ father / tired / work / his factory

4/ father / give up / drink coffee / last month

5/ your sister / fond / go swimming ?

6/ they / bored / talk / their neighbour

7/ I / begin / learn / English / last year

8/ They / stop / argue / when / I / arrive

9/ The workers / start / widen / road / 1999

10/ I can't stand / stay / home all day

11/ He / leave / restaurant / without / pay the bill

12/ They / stop / talk/ when / teacher / come in

13/ Lan / hate / drink milk

14/ I / not mind / work hard

15/ sister / afraid / be at home / alone

16/ We / bored / watch / Vietnamese films / TV

17/ mother / interested / learn / foreign language

18/ favourite pastime / fish

19/ Play chess / not / pastime

20/ I / not used to / work / overtime

21/ Children / fed / with / water / flowers

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22/ They / fond / practise English.

Exercise 3: Fill in the blank with one suitable word

1/ They're bored watching the same programme everyday

2/ His wife is washing the dishes

3/ She enjoys at home on Sunday

4/ I'm in playing the piano

5/ We're fond English

6/ Do you getting the remote control ?

Exercise 4: Read the following passage, use the suggestions to make questions and then answer

them.

Mr Smith used to be a worker, but now he is unemployed He is 45 years old It's not easy to start looking for a job at his age He's interested in learning a new skill but nobody wants to train him He's tired of sitting around the house When he was with his factory he was bored with doing the same thing everyday, but now he really enjoys doing a job again He's looking forward to working

in a company in the city

1/ Mr Smith / unemployed / now ?

2/ How old / he ?

3/ it / easy / start / look / job / his age ?

4/ What / he interested / do ?

5/ anyone / want / train him ?

6/ he / fond / sit/ around / house ?

7/ he / bored / do / same thing/ when / he / with / factory ?

8/ he / enjoy / do / a job / now ?

Exercise 5: Complete the following

1/ I don't mind

2/ He's interested

3/ They enjoy

4/ We are afraid

5/ Are you tired ?

Exercise 6: Complete the following 1/ A stick for walking is

2/ A rod for fishing is

3/ A pair of shoes for dancing is

4/ A bag for sleeping is

5/ A bag for traveling is

Exercise 7: Read the following passage and do the tasks below

Fishing is my favourite sport I often fish for hours without catching anything But this does not worry me Some fishermen are unlucky Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish I'm even less lucky I never catch anything, not even old boots After having spent the whole morning on the river, I always go home with an empty bag My friends advise me to give up fishing, but they don't realize one important thing I'm only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !

Use the suggestions to make questions and then answer them.

1/ What / writer's favourite sport ?

2/ he / catch / anything ?

3/ What / unlucky fishermen / catch ?

4/ What / writer / interested / do ?

Exercise 8: §iÒn vµo chç trèng mét giíi tõ thÝch hîp

1/ Jane is always afraid flying

2/ She's very bad foreign languages

3/ You should drink this It is good keeping fit

4/ They succeeded finding a good job for their children

5/ I object her coming to work late

6/ Are you interested collecting stamps ?

7/ Lan's fond cooking

8/ We're fed up learning philosophy

9/ Mr Kha is used jogging in the morning

10/ My teacher is capable writing articles

11/ The students are bored his lectures

12/ saying good bye to his wife, he left for London

13/ I don't feel working here

14/ He looked angry He left my house saying good bye

15/ She apologised her boyfriend hurting him

16/ My parents approved my going to study at this college

17/ I want to sell my house I'm really tired my neighbour playing music at night

18/ You can't succeed working hard

19/ We can only succeed working hard

20/ Do your parents approve your working for that company ?

21/ They are excited going to see the football match

22/ I find it hard to get used driving on the left

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23/ You should turn off the lights leaving the room.

24/ seeing her brother, Lan burst out crying

Exercise 9: Rewrite the following sentences

1/ Do you mind if I borrow your pen ?  Do you mind ?

2/ "I don't want to walk there alone.", he shouted  He objected to

3/ "Sorry ! I'm late !", she said to me  She apologised

4/ "We don't want you to marry that woman", they said to me  They objected to

5/ Persuading her to come is pointless  It's no use

6 / It's pointless to worry about someone else's problems  There's no point

7/ He tried to escape but the police stopped him  The police prevented him

8/ "I'm sorry that I broke the glass', said Peter  Peter apologised

9/ She doesn't stay up so late  She's not used

10/ It was a bit difficult to get to work this morning  Getting to work

Infinitive (Động từ nguyên thể) I/ The form : to work, to play

II/ Một số mẫu câu sử dụng với động từ nguyên thể 1/ It + to be + adj + to do sth It is dangerous to go out alone at night.( Thật là nguy hiểm khi đi ra ngoài một mình vào ban đêm) 2/ It + to be + adj + for sb + to do sth It is necessary for you to learn English ( Cậu cần phải học tiếng Anh) 3/ It + to be + adj + of sb + to do sth It is very kind of you to help me ( Cậu thật tốt bụng khi giúp tôi) It was very careless of you to leave the door open last night ( Cậu thật cẩu thả khi để cửa mở tối qua) 4/ S + to be + too (quá) + adj + to do sth - You are too young to get married (Cậu còn quá trẻ để lập gia đình) 5/ S + to be + too + adj + for sb + to do - The bag is too heavy for me to carry (Cái túi quá nặng để tôi mang) 6/ S + to be + adj + enough + to do sth I'm not strong enough to carry this case (Tôi không đủ khỏe để mang cái va li này) 7/ S + to be + adj + enough + for sb +to do - The bag isn't light enough for me to carry 8/ S +V + too + adv + for sb + to do - The cat ran too fast for the dog to catch 9/ S + V + adv + enough + for sb + to do - He doesn't speak slowly enough for us to understand (Ông ấy không nói chậm để chúng tôi hiểu) 10/ S + to be + the first / second to do sth - He was the first person to leave the party.( Anh ta là ngời đầu tiên rời bữa tiệc) = He was the first person who left the party Exercise I : Dùng từ gợi ý để viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh 1/ It / interesting / have a talk / him 2/ It / unhealthy / live / this / house 3/ It / boring / stay / home / Saturday 4/ It / difficult / speak English well 5/ It / wonderful / have / holiday / Paris 6/ It / important / you / know how to drive 8/ It / easy / her / finish work on time 9/ It / impolite / him / say like that 10/ It / careless / you / leave / umbrella / train yesterday 11/ Mr Hai / too old / apply for that job 12/ Children / too young / join this club 13/ The test / too difficult / us / do 14/ house / too expensive / uncle / buy 15/ We / not / rich / buy / car 16/ shoes / not / cheap / me / buy 17/ The task / not / easy enough / us / do 18/ The robber / ran / too fast / policeman / catch 19/ They / walking / too slowly / reach the top before night 20/ Mr Ba / not speak clearly / us / understand 21/ She / the last / person / come in 22/ It / careless / you / let / door / open / last night 23/ It / necessary / us / finish/ work / this afternoon Exercise II : Viết lại các câu sau, giữ nguyên nghĩa 1/ The man spoke too fast for us to understand  The man didn't

2/ She is very old so she can't dance beautifully  She is too

3/ Your writing is so small that I can't read it  Your writing

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4/ To learn English is easy  It is

5 / They think speaking French is difficult  They think

6/ It isn't easy to start looking for a job at his age  Starting

7 / He is very old, so he can't apply for that job  He is too

8 / They ran too fast, so we couldn't catch them  They ran too

9 / She spoke too quickly for me to understand  She didn't

10 / Mrs Hoa was too weak to go to work yesterday  Mrs Hoa wasn't

11/ It is too cold, so we can't go out  It is

12/ He couldn't move the piano because it was too heavy  The piano was

13 / Mrs Hoa was the last person who came to visit him  Mrs Hoa

11/ Động từ nguyên thể đứng sau động từ to be Eg : His ambition is to become a director ( Tham vọng của ông ấy là trở thành giám đốc) 12/ Những động từ theo sau là động từ nguyên thể agree đồng ý - arrange sắp xếp - attempt cố gắng - fail thất bại - neglect lơ là - threaten đe dọa - plan lập kế hoạch - manage xoay sở - refuse từ chối - remember nhớ phải làm gì

- regret tiếc phải làm gì - try cố gắng - decide quyết định - offer đề nghị - want - seem có vẻ, dờng nh - promise hứa - expect mong chờ - hope hy vọng - need cần Eg : - She agreed to marry that old man. - I'll arrange to meet her - They decided to move to Ha Noi - Tom failed to catch the train - I hope to see you again -They offer to do the shopping for us - I managed to get out of the car - She promised to wait for him - The kidnappers threatened to kill the child if his parents informed the police ( Bọn bắt cóc dọa giết đứa bé nếu bố mẹ cậu báo cảnh sát) 13/ Những động từ theo sau là tân ngữ và động từ nguyên thể - advise sb to do sth khuyên

- encourage khuyến khích

- allow cho phép

- permit cho phép

- remind nhắc

- warn sb not to do sth cảnh báo ai đừng làm gì

- tell sb to do / not to do sth bảo ai làm gì / không làm gì

- order ra lệnh

- persuade thuyết phục

- invite mời

- want

- force bắt buộc

- ask yêu cầu

- help

Eg : - The doctor advised me to do morning exercise.

- I remind Minh to bring the umbrella

- They allow their children to watch TV in the evening

- My family encouraged me to apply for the job

14/ Những động từ theo sau là tân ngữ và động từ nguyên thể không "to"

- make sb do sth ( Bắt ai làm gì )

- let sb do sth

- hear sb do sth

- watch sb do sth

- see sb do sth

- have sb do sth = get sb to do sth (nhờ ai làm gì)

Eg : - Our father made us work hard.

- Don't let him go out too much

- I had my neighbour repair my bike = I got my neighbour to repair my bike

- Someone saw him steal the car

15 Những cụm từ theo sau là động từ nguyên thể

- to be about to do sth ( sắp sửa làm gì)

- to be able to do sth ( có khả năng làm gì)

- do / try one's best to do sth ( cố gắng hết sức làm gì)

Eg : - I was about to leave when it started to rain.

- Try your best !

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- She hasn't been able to find a job yet

( Cô ta vẫn cha thể tìm đợc công việc)

16 Động từ nguyên thể dùng sau but , except (trừ, ngoại trừ)

Eg : - We can do nothing but wait.

- She does nothing but complain ( Cô ta chẳng làm gì ngoài việc kêu ca.)

17 S + V + noun + to do sth

Eg : - He didn't have a chance to explain

- We have a lot of work to do

Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences

1/ "You'd better do morning exercise, Minh", said I

 I advised 2/ "I won't lend you any more money !", she said to me

 She refused 3/ "Don't hurry !", my mother said to me

 My mother told 4/ "Don't go too near the elephant !", his father said to him

 His father warned him 5/ "Keep silent !', the teacher said to his pupils

 The teacher ordered 6/ "I think you'd better not go to work for a few days, Cathy"

 I advised 7/ Finding a good job nowadays is difficult

 It's 8/ Lying in the sun is pleasant

 It's 9/ "Please don't tell anyone what happened.", Ann said to me

 Ann told me 10/ "You'd better not lend her any money, John", said Jack

 Jack advised 11/ " I won't let anyone know your address", she said to me

 She promised 12/ "Don't forget to order the supplies I need" My boss reminded me

 My boss reminded me

Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form

1/ Try to avoid (make) him angry

2/ Stop (argue) and start (work)

3/ It's no use (cry) over spilt milk

4/ I suggest (hold) another meeting

5/ He finished (speak) and sat down

6/ It's difficult to get used to (eat) with chopsticks

7/ He warned her (not touch) the wire

8/ I want the boys (grow) up hating violence

9/ We are looking forward to (read) your new book

10/ I advise him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off

11/ After (read) this article you will give up (smoke)

12/ Is there anything here worth (read) ?

13/ She promises (wait) for me

14/ Would you mind (put) your pet snake somewhere else ?

15/ I don't feel like (work); what about (go) to a disco instead?

16/ He taught me how (light) a fire without matches

17/ By (work) day and night he succeeded in (finish) the job in time

18/ The sea was too rough for the children (swim)

20/ He tried (explain) but she refused (listen)

21/ I get tired of (stay) at home for my wife keeps (shout) at me all day

22/ I can't help (sneeze); I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) in a draught

23/ His doctor advised him (take) up (jog)

24/ I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused

25/ People used to (make) fire by (rub) two sticks together

26/ I tried (persuade) him (agree) with my proposal

28/ He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring)

32/ They try their best (make) us (buy) the things we don't need

33/ We object to his (go) out

36/ He was about (leave) when she came

46/ He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother

47/ Carol had no difficulty in (make) friends

48/ When she heard the bad news, she burst out (cry)

49/ They left early in order to avoid (get) caught in the traffic

50/ We don't want anybody (know) that we are here

51/ I'm tired of my neighbours (play) their records at full volume at night

52/ Sam was reluctant, but we finally got him (play) his guitar for us

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53/ My roommate's handwriting is very bad, so he had me (type) his paper for him last night.54/ (Eat) in restaurant as often as they do is very expensive.

55/ Marone needs (find) another job Her present company is going out of business

56/ Joan is considering (move) to London

57/ I hope (write) my autobiography before I die

58/ Joy thanked us for (invite) them to dinner

59/ You should plan (arrive) at the stadium early

60/ My lawyer advised me (not say) anything further about the accident

61/ When the university suggested (raise) the tuition again, the student senate protested

vigorously

62/ Are we permitted (bring) the guests to the ceremony ?

63/ The city agreed (accept) the architect's proposed design for a new parking garage

64/ She's so impatient ! She can't stand (wait) in line for anything

65/ Ms Thompson is always willing to help, but she doesn't want anyone (call) her at home unlessthere is an emergency

66/ I made my son (wash) the window before he could go outside to play with his friends

67/ It is always interesting (observe) people in airports while you're waiting for a flight

Phân từ hiện tại (Present Participles)

1 Form : V-ing : working , driving

2 The use

* Làm trạng ngữ trong câu

Eg : - Driving along the road I saw an accident = When I was driving along the road I saw an

accident ( Tôi thấy một vụ tai nạn khi tôi đang lái xe trên đờng )

- Fearing that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight = As he feared that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight

(Sợ rằng cảnh sát sẽ nhận ra cho nên hắn không bao giờ đi ra ngoài vào ban ngày)

* Nếu muốn nhấn mạnh hành động trớc diễn ra xong rồi mới đến hành động thứ 2 ta dùng dạng

"Having done"

Eg : - Having written the letter, I went to post it = When I had written the letter, I went to post it.

( Khi đã viết xong th, tôi mang đi gửi)

* Đợc sử dụng trong mẫu câu:

- waste time doing sth ( lãng phí thời gian làm gì)

- spend time doing sth (dùng thời gian làm gì)

- see sb doing ( Nhìn thấy ai đang làm gì)

- watch sb doing ( Quan sát ai đang làm gì)

- keep ( Bắt, giữ ai làm gì)

- catch ( Bắt gặp ai đang làm gì)

- find ( Phát hiện thấy ai đang làm gì)

- feel sth/ sb doing (Cảm thấy cái gì đang diễn ra/ ai đang làm gì)

- leave sb doing sth (để cho ai làm gì)

- to be busy doing sth (mải mê làm gì)

- go shopping, swimming, hunting, fishing

Eg : - Don't waste time playing video games.

- We caught a child climbing over the wall.

- I saw an old man coming into that house

- Don't keep her waiting !

- Mr Whithe wastes time going to the pub

- My father spent 2 years working in Hue

- They found someone lying under the bed

- Do you want to go dancing this afternoon ?

Gerund and infinitive instructions

Eg : - They allow their children to watch TV in the evening ( Họ cho phép con của họ xem phim

vào buổi tối)

b Allow doing sth ( Cho phép làm gì)

Eg : - They don't allow smoking here ( Họ không cho phép hút thuốc ở đây)

3 Stop

a Stop doing sth ( Dừng làm gì)

Eg : - They stopped playing football when it rained ( Họ ngừng chơi bóng khi trời ma)

b Stop to do sth ( Dừng lại để làm một việc gì khác)

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Eg : - They felt tired They decided to stop to have some drinks (Họ cảm thấy mệt Họ quyết

định dừng lại để uống chút gì đó)

4 Regret

a Regret to do sth ( Lấy làm tiếc khi phải làm gì)

Eg : - I regret to tell / inform you that

say that (Tôi lấy làm tiếc khi phải nói / thông báo rằng )

b Regret doing / not doing sth ( Tiếc đã làm / đã không làm gì)

Eg : - I regret telling her about that ( Tôi tiếc đã nói với cô ta về điều đó) - Mike regretted not working hard before ( Mike thấy tiếc là trớc đây đã không học hành chăm chỉ ) 5 Remember a Remember to do sth ( Nhớ phải làm gì) Eg : - I didn't remember to lock the door ( Tôi không nhớ là phải khóa cửa) - He didn't remember to post the letter for me ( Anh ấy không nhớ gửi th hộ tôi) b Remember doing sth ( Nhớ rằng đã làm một việc gì rồi) Eg : - We remember lending Mr Ba the book ( Chúng tôi nhớ là đã cho ông Ba mợn sách) - I remember his telling me about it ( Tôi nhớ là hắn đã kể cho tôi về chuyện đó ) 6 Forget a Forget to do sth ( Quên phải làm gì) Eg : - She forgot to write to me ( Cô ta quên viết th cho tôi) = She didn't remember to write to me. ( Cô ta không nhớ viết th cho tôi) - He forgot to do his homework.( Nó quên làm bài tập) b Forget doing sth ( quên rằng đã làm việc gì rồi) Eg : - I'll never forget meeting the Queen ( Tôi sẽ không bao giờ quên chuyện đã gặp Nữ hoàng) Exercise 1 : Viết lại các câu sau giữ nguyên nghĩa 1/ "You remembered to phone Mai, didn't you ?"  You didn't

2/ When I was running to the stadium, I met Lan. Running

3/ My mother went to bed early because she felt tired  Feeling

4/ After we left the party, we went straight to the theatre  After

5/ They decided to go home because they had seen that film before  Having

6/ She left the restaurant She didn't pay the bill  She left the restaurant without

7/ Before he lent me the money, my brother had sold his bike  Before

8/ I'm sorry now that I didn't go to university  I regret

9/ "Don't leave the room !", my father said  My father told me

Exercise 2 : Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1/ Don't forget (lock) the door before (leave)

2/ I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused

3/ I tried (persuade) him (agree) with my proposal

4/ Mrs John : I don't allow (smoke) in my room

Mrs Smiths : I don't allow my family (smoke) at all

5/ Oh ! I can feel something (crawl) up my leg It must be an insect

6/ I'll never forget (meet) her in Ha Long Bay

7/ He was about (leave) when she came

8/ When I saw him, he was busy (talk) with his girlfriend

9/ (See) this film before, I turned off the TV

10/ - Do you remember (post) the letter ?

- Yes, I do I posted it in the letter box near my gate

11/ Did you remember (lock) the door ?

- No, I didn't I'd better (go) back and do it now

12/ I distinctly remember (pay) him I gave him 2 dollards

13/ Mr Whithe was accused of (leak) information to the press

14/ He wastes time (philander) with the girls in the village

15/ Suddenly (feel) hungry, he (stop) (buy) a bar of chocolate

16/ He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother

Exercise for Revision

1/ The department store agreed (take) back the damaged radio

2/ Would the doctor mind (spend) some time talking to me after the examination ?

3/ Dan failed (pass) the examination and was quite upset

4/ She expects (deliver) her baby at the new hospital

5/ We dislike (eat) dinner at 9.00

6/ My niece hopes (travel) with me to Disneyland next April

7/ I finally finished (cook) at 7.00 and served dinner

8/ Would you mind (not turn) on the radio until I finish with this phone call ?

9/ Marge's children are used to ( pick up) after school every day They don't have to walk home

So that - Such that

( Quá đến nỗi mà)

1 So that

a So + adj + that +clause

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Eg : - The weather is so nice that we want to go out ( Thời tiết đẹp đến nỗi mà chúng tôi muốn đi

chơi)

b So + adv + that +clause

Eg : He ran so fast that nobody could catch him ( Anh ta chạy nhanh đến nỗi mà không ai có

thể bắt đợc anh ta)

= He ran too fast for anyone to catch ( Anh ta chạy quá nhanh để mọi ngời có thể bắt đợc)

- She was speaking so fast that we could not understand her ( Cô ta nói quá nhanh đến nỗi mà

chúng tôi không thể hiểu đợc)

She was speaking too fast for us to understand ( Cô ta nói quá nhanh để chúng tôi hiểu)

c So + much / little + danh từ không đếm đợc + that + clause

many /few + danh từ đếm đợc

Eg: - The Browns had so many children that they formed their own football team

- He has so much money that he can buy all the houses in this area

2 Such that

* Such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that +mệnh đề

Eg : - It is such nice weather that we want to go out = The weather is so nice that we want to go

out

- Nam is so kind that everyone loves him = Nam is such a kind man that everyone loves him.

Exercise I : Chọn đáp án đúng trong số A, B, C và D

1/ I was terrified to move

2/ She was a good dancer that she won the prize

3/ He was not fast to win the race

4/ Lan is rich that she can travel anywhere she likes

Exercise 2: Fill the gaps with either so or such.

1 Charlie's _ a nice boy

2 The sun was out and the birds were singing It was _ a beautiful day in May

3 The movie Shrek is _ good it's unbelievable

4 It was _ a shame you couldn't come to Laura's party

5 The ending of the film The Mission was _ sad I couldn't help crying

6 Try the cake It's _ delicious

7 I really want you to meet Andy He's _ a funny guy

8 My internet connection is _ slow it's unbearable

9 The La Latina part of Madrid is _ exciting You have to go there

10 Thailand is _ a beautiful country

11 The Thais are so polite It makes _ a change from rude Europeans

12 The summer of 2003 in Spain was _ hot I mean really terrible

13 Petrol and car insurance are _ expensive that you are better off using public transport

14 It was _ a relief to finally finish all my exams

15 Moving my website to another server was _ a pain

16 That restaurant makes _ good pizza You have to go

17 There were _ many people at the concert that we couldn't get seats

18 They make _ good goats' cheese in Castilla La Mancha

19 She talks _ much it's exhausting

20 I met _ many nice people in Had Yai in southern Thailand

Exercise II : Viết lại các câu sau giữ nguyên nghĩa

1 / Nam is such a lazy student that no one wants to help him  Nam is so 2/ The journey was so long that all of them got tired  It was 3/ The man spoke too fast for us to understand  The man spoke 4/ They ran too fast, so we couldn't catch them  They ran so 5/ He couldn't move the piano because it was too heavy  The piano was so 6/ It is too cold, so we can't go out  It is 7/ She spoke too quickly for me to understand  She spoke so 8/ Mrs Hoa was too weak to go to work yesterday  Mrs Hoa was so

Modals (Động từ khuyết thiếu)I/ Can

* Chỉ khả năng ai đó biết làm gì ở hiện tại

Eg : - I can swim but I can't sew.

- Can you speak English ?

- Yes, I can / No, I can't

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* Dùng trong lời yêu cầu ai làm gì

Eg : - Can you get me the pen ?

- Yes, certainly / Sorry, I can't

*Dùng trong lời xin phép làm gì

Eg : - Can I have some more coffee ? ( Tôi có thể xin chút cà phê nữa đợ chứ ?)

*Chỉ khả năng ai đó biết làm gì trong quá khứ

Eg : - I could swim when I was 10.

* Dùng trong lời yêu cầu lịch sự

Eg : - Could you tell me the way to the bank please ? ( Nhờ ông chỉ giúp đờng tới ngân hàng)

* Đợc dùng khi muốn xin phép làm gì

Eg : - Could I speak to Mr Baker ? (Tôi có thể nói chuyện với ông Baker đợc không ?)

* So sánh giữa could và was/were able to (có thể)

- Could để chỉ khả năng nói chung

- was / were able to để chỉ khả năng ai đó làm một việc gì trong một tình huống cụ thể.

Eg : - He could swim when he was 10.

- His house got fire yesterday Luckily, he was able to get out of it

( Hôm qua nhà ông ấy bị cháy Rất may là ông ta đã thoát ra đợc)

* Diễn tả điều chắc chắn xảy ra ở hiện tại

Eg : - He's been walking for two hours He must be very tired.( Anh ta đã đi bộ suốt 2 tiếng đồng

hồ Chắc hẳn anh ta rất mệt)

* Diễn tả một nghĩa vụ, điều cần thiết phải làm.

Eg : - You must work hard ( Anh phải làm việc chăm)

* So sánh giữa must và have to (phải)

- Have to có thể đợc dùng ở hiện tại, quá khứ hoặc tơng lai.

Eg : - I have to clean the door now

- We had to go to Hai Phong yesterday

- You 'll have to come here early tomorrow

- Must không đợc dùng ở quá khứ Dùng had to thay must trong quá khứ.

Eg : - You must go to London now / tomorrow.

- He had to go to London yesterday

- Mustn't do sth : Không đợc phép làm gì

- Not have to do sth : Không cần phải làm gì

Eg : - You mustn't smoke here (Các anh không đợc hút thuốc ở đây)

- You don't have to do this (Anh không cần phải làm việc này)

Eg : - He may be in his room now ( Có lẽ anh ấy đang ở trong phòng)

= Perhaps he is in his room now

Maybe

It's possible that

- She may be watching TV now ( Có lẽ cô ấy đang xem ti vi)

= Perhaps she is watching TV now

Maybe

It's possible that

- He may go to London tomorrow ( Ngày mai có thể nó sẽ đi London)

= Perhaps he will go to London tomorrow

Maybe

* Dùng trong câu xin phép

Eg : - May I sit here ?

* Dùng trong lời khuyên

Eg : - You should drink milk.

- You shouldn't smoke

VII/ Ought to = Should

* Diễn tả điều cần thiết phải làm

Eg : - Need I go ? ( Tôi có cần phải đi không ? )

- Yes, you must / No, you needn't

- You needn't go

Notes : Khi need là động từ khuyết thiếu, nó thờng đợc dùng với câu hỏi và câu phủ định.

- Need có thể đợc dùng nh động từ thờng Sau need là động từ nguyên thể (to-infinitive)

Eg : - Do I need to go ?

- You don't need to go

- She needs to go

* Cách sử dụng đặc biệt của need

sth needs doing / to be done ( Cái gì đó cần đợc làm)

Eg : - Your hair needs cutting / to be cut.

Exercise I : Hãy chọn đáp án đúng trong số A.B,C hoặc D

1/ Mary can to the meeting

A come B to come C coming D.come2/ Jack should harder

3/ The whole team must together to win the game

4/ To stay alive, people breathe oxygen

5/ My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight I can do it in the morning

6/ You open the door while he's there because the light will ruin the picture

7/ John has been working for 5 hours He be very tired

8/ you please be quiet ? I'm trying to concentrate

9/ I carry the bag for you ?

10/ Thanks for lending me the money I pay you back on Friday

11/ we go on a picnic next Sunday ?

12/ My granfather was a very clever man He speak 5 languages

13/ The phone is ringing It be Tom

14/ - My salary is very low

- You look for another job

15/ I have these postcards please ?

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A.Can B.Do C Will D Should16/ you like to come to dinner tomorrow evening ?

17/ you tell me how to get to the post-office please ?

18/ To be successful mountain climber, you have a great deal of stamina

A must/ have to B must not C don't have to

Exercise 2: Fill the gaps with either don't have to or mustn't in the correct form.

1 Sally! You _ say rude words like that!

2 Tommy! You _ pick your nose in class It's really disgusting

3 You _ finish the exercise now You can finish it at home

4 James _ go to church if he doesn't want to

5 You _ drive so aggressively You'll end up killing someone

6 Helen _ make racist comments It makes her seem really ignorant

7 David _ answer your emails There's no law about it

8 It's OK You _ pay now You can pay me at the end of the month

9 You _ stay out so late without ringing me I was worried sick

10 You _ let the cats sleep on my clean shirts Look They're covered in hairs

11 You _ have lunch with my parents I'm not forcing you

12 I _ forget to phone Granny It's her birthday tomorrow

Exercise 3: Fill the gaps with need, needn't or should.

1 Remember you _ to take a torch and a tin-opener when you go camping

2 You _ go to the shop I've already bought the milk

3 You _ say sorry to your teacher for being late It's only polite

4 You _ bother washing up I'll do it in the morning

5 She _ go to church if she doesn't want to It's not obligatory

6 If you want to pass all your exams, you _ to make a good study plan

7 If there's anything you _ , let me know

8 You _ go and see Granny You know how happy it makes her

9 Cheese and biscuits _ to be kept in tupperware containers; otherwise the

cheese goes hard and the biscuits go soft

10 You _ pay now You can pay me next week

11 Clare and Simon _ bring their car There's plenty of room for them in ours

12 Families _ spend more time talking, instead of just watching the telly

Modals + Perfect Infinitive

1 Must have done

* Diễn tả điều chắc chắn đã xảy ra trong quá khứ

Eg : - There was a big explosion some minutes ago You must have heard it

( Cách đây vài phút có tiếng nổ lớn Chắc hẳn cậu đã nghe thấy)

- He got a bad mark yesterday He must have been sad

( Hôm qua anh ta bị điểm kém Chắn chắn là anh ta rất buồn )

2 Can't/ Couldn't have done

* Diễn tả điều chắc chắn đã không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ.

Eg : - Mr Smith was in Paris yesterday So he can't have stolen your car.

= Surely, he didn't steal your car

- Ông Smith ở Paris hôm qua cho nên chắc chắn ông ta không thể lấy cắp chiếc xe của ông đợc

3 May/ Might have done

* Diễn tả điều có lẽ đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.

Eg : - I can't find my sunglasses at home I may have left them at my friend's = Perhaps, I

left them at my friend's ( Tôi không thể tìm thấy kính Có lẽ tôi đã để quên ở nhà bạn tôi)

4 May/ Might not have done

* Diễn tả điều có lẽ đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ.

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Eg : - His wife was not happy this morning He might not have bought her the dress she loved.

( Vợ ông ta sáng nay không vui Có lẽ ông ta đã không mua cho bà ta cái váy mà bà ấy thích) = Perhaps, he didn't buy her the dress she loved

5 Should have done = Ought to have done

* Diễn tả điều lẽ ra đã nên làm trong quá khứ.

Eg : - I didn't go to the cinema last night The film was very interesting I should have gone to

see it ( Hôm qua tôi không đi xem phim Bộ phim rất hay Lẽ ra tôi nên đi xem thì hơn)

6 Shouldn't have done / Oughtn't to have done

Eg 1 : - Why didn't you visit your uncle yesterday ? He wanted to see you You shouln't have

stayed at home ( Tại sao hôm qua cậu không đi thăm bác ? Bác ấy muốn gặp cậu Lẽ ra cậu đã không nên ở nhà)

Eg 2 : - Oh, I feel tired.( Tôi cảm thấy mệt)

- You shouldn't have eaten so much

( Cậu lẽ ra đã không nên ăn quá nhiều)

7 Needn't have done

* Diễn tả điều lẽ ra đã không cần phải làm trong quá khứ

Eg : - I've bought you a hat ( Anh mua cho em cái mũ)

- Oh, you needn't have done that My father has just bought one for me (Lẽ ra anh không cầnphải mua Bố em đã mua cho em rồi)

Exercise I : Hãy chọn đáp án đúng trong số A.B,C hoặc D

1/ Ali painted his bedroom black It looks dark and dreary He a different colour

a had to choose b should have chosen c must have chosen d could have been choosing

2 When Mr Lee was younger, he work in the garden for hours, but now he has to take frequent rests because he has emphysema

a has got to b can c could d should be able

3 Yesterday I to a furniture store I bought a new lamp there

a could go b went c could have gone d ought to have gone

4 Jimmy and Marie were mischievous children They tricks on their teachers, which alwaysgot them into a lot of trouble

a could play b used to play c could have played d may have played

5 - Why are you so sure that Ann didn't commit the crime she's been accused of committing ?-She that crime because I was with her, and we were out of town on that day

a may not have committed b couldn't have committed c commited d wasn't supposed to commit

6 Since we have to be there in a hurry, we take a taxi

a should b may c are able to d have been used to

7 - It rain this evening Why don't you take an umbrella ?

- That's a good idea May I borrow yours ?

a had better b could be c might d must

8/ - you hand me that pair of scissors, please ?

- Certainly

a May b Shall c Will d Should

9/ - Larry drove all night to get here for his sister's wedding He exhausted by the time he arrived

- He was

a ought to be b could be c must have been d will have been10/ - You haven't eaten anything since yesterday afternoon You be really hungry !

- I am

a might b will c can d must

11/ - I left a cookie on the table, but now it's gone What happened to it ?

- I don't know One of the children it

a had to eat b should have eaten c may have eaten d could eat12/ - What does Mr Green do for a living ?

- Nothing He's very rich He work for a living

a must not b shouldn't c doesn't have to d hadn't better13/ - Why are you so late ?

- I my aunt to the airport, The traffic was very terrible

a could take b should take c had to take d must have taken14/ - They towed my car away from the executive parkinglot yesterday

- You have parked there

a may not b should not c must not d might not15/ - I locked myself out of my apartment I didn't know what to do

- You your roommate

a should have called b would have called c may have called d must have called16/ - Barbara just told me that she can't go to the meeting tonight

- She go ! We need her there for the financial report

a has to b have to c must be d needs

17/ - I need some help with this table you lift the other end, please ?

a May b Could c Should d Shall

Exercise 2 : Rewrite the following sentences.

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1/ It isn't necessary to shout  You 2/ It wasn't necessary for them to call for help after all  They 3/ There was no need for you to have gone to all that trouble  You 4/ You house needs to be redecorated  Your house 5/ It's possible that he didn't get my letter  He might 6/ You needn't have bought it for me  It wasn't 7/ I'm absolutely sure that they didn't go out in that weather

 They can't 8/ "Why didn't you tell me about it yesterday ?"  You should 9/ I'm sure she didn't do it on purpose  She can't 10/ It's possible that your car was stolen  Your car 11/ Perhaps Lan went to London  Lan might 12/ It's a pity that you didn't go to see that film at the cinema last night

 You should 13/ "It was very careless of you to let the door open last night"

 You shouldn't 14/ Perhaps Manh is repairing his bike now  Manh may 15/ Perhaps they have two big houses in the suburb  They 16/ You ought to have reminded me about the meeting yesterday

 Why didn't

Passive ( Câu bị động)I/ Form : To be + P II

II/ Một số ví dụ đổi từ câu chủ động sang bị động

Chủ động Bị động

- Some one takes her to school every week.

- Some one is taking her to school now.

- Someone has just taken her to school.

- Some one took her to school yesterday.

- Someone was taking her to school at this time

yesterday

- Someone had taken her to school before I got

to her house

- Someone will take her to school soon.

- Someone should take her to school.

- Someone must take her to school.

- Someone has to take her to school.

- Someone used to take her to school when she

was young

- Someone will continue to take her to school.

- Someone is going to take her to school.

- Someone should have taken her to school.

- We want someone to take her to school.

- She likes someone taking her to school.

- She likes people to help her.

- She is taken to school everyday.

- She is being taken to school now.

- She has just been taken to school.

- She was taken to school.

- She was being taken to school at this time

yesterday

- She had been taken to school before I got to

her house

- She will be taken to school soon.

- She should be taken to school.

- She must be taken to school.

- She has to be taken to school.

- She used to be taken to school when she was

young

- She will continue to be taken to school

- She is going to be taken to school.

- She should have been taken to school.

- We want her to be taken to school.

- She likes being taken to school.

- She likes to be helped.

III/ Một số chú ý khi đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động

- Chuyển tân ngữ của câu chủ động thành chủ ngữ của câu bị động

- Trợ động từ to be trong câu bị động đợc chia theo ngôi, và chia theo thời của câu chủ động

- Khi chủ ngữ của câu chủ động có tính chất chung chung , không rõ ràng ( someone, people, they ) thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động ta không dùng giới từ by

- Khi chủ ngữ của câu chủ động rõ ràng, đợc nhấn mạnh ( My father, Mr Pike ) thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động ta phải dùng giới từ by

Eg: - They built this house in 1990 = This house was built in 1990

- My father built this house in 1990 = This house was built in 1990 by my father

Exercise 1 : Viết lại các câu sau giữ nguyên nghĩa

1/ They are building a new bridge at the moment  A new bridge 2/ Somebody has taken away some of my books  Some of my books 3/ The chief engineer was instructing all the workers how to use the machines. All the workers 4/ They can't make tea with cold water  Tea 5/ They will hold the meeting before May Day  The meeting 6/ They have to repair the engine of the car  The engine 7/ People spend a lot of money on advertising every year. A lot 8/ The boys broke the windows and took away some pictures  The window 9/ They may use this room for the classroom  This room 10/ Our teacher is going to tell a story  A story 11/ Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife  The cake 12/ The children looked at the woman with a red hat  The woman

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13/ You mustn't use this machine after 5.30  This machine 14/ Luckily for me, they didn't call my name  Luckily for me, 15/ I knew that they had told him of the meeting  I knew 16/ Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness  I 17/ Do they teach English here ?  Is 18/ Did your teacher give you some exercises ?  Were 19/ Have they changed the window of the laboratory ?  Has 20/ Will the buses bring the children home ?  Will 21/ How can they open this safe ?  How 22/ Why didn't they help him ?  Why 23/ What books are people reading this year ?  What books 24/ Someone should look into the matter  The matter 25/ The police advise drivers to use an alternative rout  Drivers 26/ The bank manager kept me waiting for half an hour  I 27/ He wants someone to take some photographs  He wants 28/ He likes people to call him "sir"  He likes 29/ She hates people looking at her  She 30/ I don't like people making fun of me  I

IV/ Một số trờng hợp đổi đặc biệt

1 Câu có 2 tân ngữ

- My father gave an English book to me = I was given an English book by my father

= An English book was given to me by my father

2 Câu có 2 cách đổi

Các động từ sau đợc sử dụng trong loại câu này nh : say, think, know, believe, report ( thông báo, báo cáo), consider ( cho rằng ), acknowledge ( thừa nhận)

Eg1 : - They say that Mr Pike works in a big company.

Cách 1 : - It is said that Mr Pike works in a big company.

Cách 2 : - Mr Pike is said to work in a big company ( Ngời ta nói Ông Pike làm việc cho một

công ty lớn)

Eg2 : - They say that Mr Ron is living abroad now.

Cách 1 : - It is said that Mr Ron is living abroad.

Cách2 : - Mr Ron is said to be living abroad now ( Ông Ron đợc ngời ta nói là đang sống ở nớc

ngoài)

Eg3 : - People believe that Mrs Ha has left her job ( Mọi ngời nghĩ rằng Bà Hà đã bỏ việc)

Cách 1 : - It is thought that Mrs Ha has left her job.

Cách 2 : - Mrs Ha is thought to have left her job.

3 They didn't mention any names.( Họ không nhắc tới cái tên nào cả)

= No names were mentioned.( Không có cái tên nào đợc nhắc tới)

4 Who wrote this book ?

= By whom was this book written ? = Whom was this book written by ?

5 My father lets me watch TV in the evening.( Bố tôi để cho tôi xem TV vào buổi tối)

= I am let watch TV in the evening by my mother

6 Our father made us work hard.( Bố chúng tôi bắt chúng tôi phải làm việc tích cực)

= We were made to work hard by our father

7 They saw him come in ( Họ đã nhìn thấy anh ta đi vào ) = He was seen to come in.

8 They saw him coming in ( Họ nhìn thấy anh ta đang đi vào)

= He was seen coming in

9 I remember that my father took me to the zoo last month

= I remember my father taking me to the zoo last month

( Tôi nhớ là bố tôi đã đa tôi tới vờn thú vào tháng trớc)

= I remember being taken to the zoo last month by my father.( Tôi nhớ đã đợc bố đa tới vờn thú tháng trớc )

10 You should know how to drive ( Bạn cần phải biết lái xe.)

- It is your duty to know how to drive = You are supposed to know how to drive

Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences

1/ The teacher gave each of us two exercise books  Each 2/ People believe that number 13 is unlucky number  Number 13 3/ People know that English is an international language  English 4/ People think that Jack London's life and writings represent the American love of adventures  Jack London's life and writings 5/ They say that John is the brightest student in the class  John 6/ People think that he has died a natural death  He 7/ They reported that the troops were coming  The troops 8/ People say that he left the town some hours ago  He 9/ People saw Mr Lake steal your car  Mr Lake 10/ We won't let you do that silly thing again  You 11/ People here don't make their children work hard  Their children 12/ You need to have your hair cut  Your hair 13/ It's your duty to do this work  You

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14/ I remember my brother taking me to the park  I remember 15/ They didn't pay me for the work ; they expected me to do it for nothing  I 16/ You should have taken these books back to the library  These books 17/ People consider that she is the best singer that Australia has ever produced  She 18/ They will continue to use it  It 19/ Peter objects to people laughing at him  Peter 20/ Who wrote this book ?  By 21/ There is a rumour that the criminal is living in town  The criminal 22/ People saw him climbing over the wall  He 23/ They offered me a job yesterday  I  A job 24/ Why did no one inform me of the change of the plan ?  Why wasn't ?25/ Did the idea interest you ?  Were ?26/ They say that her smile hides a secret  It 27/ They said that the company was losing a lot of money  The company 28/ People think that an apple a day is good for you  An apple 29/ Someone saw them dumping rubbish  They

Revision 2

I/ Chọn đáp án đúng trong số A, B , C hoặc D

1/ I post that letter for you on my way to the post-office ?

3/ She had to do the shopping for her neighbour, she ?

5/ At half past ten this morning, I along the motorway

6/ You talk too loud ! The children are sleeping

8/ What have you been doing last Sunday, George ?

10/ The child asleep when he was playing with his toys

II/ Viết lại các câu sau giữ nguyên nghĩa

1/ You're the worst guitarist in the world

 No one 2/ It was a waste of time writing that letter

 You needn't 3/ It is acknowledged that Vietnam had a complete control over SARS from a very early stage of the epidemic

 Vietnam is 6/ Ms Quyen began teaching Chinese ten years ago

 Ms Quyen has 7/ The robber forced the cashier to hand over the money

 The cashier 10/ Everyone believes that he is dead

 He 11/ I can't speak English as well as my mother

 My mother is 12/ They have been living here for 6 years now

 They moved to this house 13/ How long is it since you saw Mary ?

 When 14/ It wasn't necessary for you to go into so much trouble on my behalf

 You 15/ Why didn't you think of that before ?

 You should 16/ It's possible that our men got there unsafe

 Our men might 17/ We must do something about it

 Something 18/ It's the best butter that I've ever eaten

 I've never 19/ My legal advisor has told me not to say any more at this time

 I have 20/ Everyone knows that eating fruit is good for your health

 Eating fruit 21/ People say that the late Mr John was difficult to work with

 The late 22/ The Chinese are believed to have invented the gunpowder

 It is

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23/ It is thought that the two injured men were repairing high-tension cables

 The two 24/ Everyone wished they had listened more carefully to the lecture

 Everyone regretted 25/ The discovery of new drug is helping the fight against this disease

 The fight 26/ Need we leave so early ?

 Do we ?27/ I don't believe that you have lost your keys again

 You can't 28/ I'm sure you had a good time at the party

You must 29/ Perhaps they didn't notice the tire was flat

 They might 30/ Why didn't you help your mother when she was ill ?

 You should

31/ "Helen, would you like to come to lunch on Sunday ?", said Mary

 Mary invited 32/ "Don't forget to buy some milk, Andy", said Clare

 Clare reminded 33/ "Make sure you don't take the A20 in the rush hour, Tim", said Jack

 Jack warned 34/ "Me ? No, I didn't take Sue's calculator," said Bob

 Bob denied 35/ "Why don't you go and see "The Sound of Silence" again, Brian ?", I said

 I suggested 36/ He hasn't written to his parents for 2 months now

 The last time 37/ I've never been to Scotland before

 This is 38/ He started learning French 3 years ago

 He has 39/ We haven't seen Ann for ages

 It's 40/ I last saw him when I was a student

 I 41/ She is the most interesting girl I've ever known

 I 've never 42/ John speaks Spanish more fluently than I do

 I can't 43/ No one in my group dances better than Hoa

 Hoa is 44/ I'm not good at English as my sister

 My sister 45/ Mr Hai is a slower worker than Mr Chinh

 Mr Hai 46/There aren't as many parks in Hanoi as in London

 There are

III/ Sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau (Mỗi câu có một lỗi sai)

1/ Thomas started working for that company for twelve years

2/ It was a great party last night You should come Why didn't you ?

3/ You've been travelling all day You can be very tired

4/ I don't know where Margaret is now She may in her office

5/ Today is Sunday You mustn't get up early

6/ Hello ! Do I speak to Tom please ?

7/ Mr Jack is older 2 years than Mr Pike

8/ If you move quiet, you can see small wild animals in the area

9/ Competitive cyclists must react calm during tournaments

IV/ Dùng từ gợi ý để viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh

1/ Jack London / life and writing / think / by many / represent / American / love of adventure//2/ It / know / she / work / foreign company/ now//

3/ It / 5 years / since / I / visit / home village //

4/ James Watt / Scottish scientist / invent / steam engine / years ago

5/ When / rain / you / should / not / out//

6/ A lot / work / do / this house / recently

Conditional ( Câu điều kiện)I/ Câu điều kiện loại 1

- Là loại câu chỉ tình huống có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tơng lai.

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Mẫu câu :

Hiện tại đơn will/may/might/can/should + V

Mệnh đề If có thể đứng trớc hoặc đứng sau.

Eg : - If you work hard, you'll pass the exam ( Nếu bạn học chăm, bạn sẽ thi đỗ )

- You won't pass the exam if you don't work hard

*Notes : - Có thể dùng may, might, should ở mệnh đề chính tùy theo tình huống.

Eg : - If you feel tired, you should go to bed early (Nếu bạn cảm thấy mệt, bạn nên đi ngủ)

- Có thể dùng dạng thức mệnh lệnh ở mệnh đề chính.

Eg : - Please tell him to come to my office if you see him

- Hãy bảo anh ta đến văn phòng của tôi nếu cậu gặp anh ta

- Có thể dùng động từ thời hiện tại hoàn thành ở mệnh đề if

Eg : - If you have written your letter, I'll post it (Nếu cậu viết xong th, tớ sẽ gửi cho cậu)

- If có thể thay bằng when:

Eg : - When the school year finishes, I'll visit my grandparents.

( Khi năm học kết thúc, tớ sẽ đi thăm ông bà)

Exercise : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1/ I (look) for your note book and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring

2/ If he (be) late, we (go) without him

3/ If you (come) late, they (not let ) you in

4/ If we (work ) all night we (finish) in time

5/ Tell him to take his bike inside If he (leave) it outside, someone (steal) it.

6/ Wait until I (be) ready.

7/ The meeting (start) _ when everybody arrives.

8/ Let's phone Mandy now before it (be) _ too late.

9/ If he (not know) _ what to do he'll ask his mum.

II/ Câu điều kiện loại 2

- Là loại câu chỉ tình huống không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại, trái với thực tế ở hiện tại Đó là tình huống giả định.

Mẫu câu :

Quá khứ đơn would/might/could + V

Eg : - Mrs Hoa is too old, so she can't apply for the job If Mrs Hoa were younger, she would/

could apply for the job ( Nếu bà Hoa trẻ hơn, bà ấy sẽ nộp đơn xin việc)

( To be chia là were cho tất cả các ngôi)

- I don't have money now If I had money, I would/ could/ might buy that house

(Bây giờ tôi không có tiền Nếu tôi có tiền, tôi sẽ mua ngôi nhà đó)

- It is raining I have to stay at home If it weren't raining, I wouldn't stay at home

Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1/ If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I (give) up my job

2/ If I (be) sent to prison, you (visit) me ?

3/ I (not drink) that wine if I (be) you

4/ I (get) a job easily if I (have) a degree

5/ Of course I'm not going to give her a diamond ring If I (give) her, she (sell) it

6/ If we (work ) all night we (finish) in time, but we have no intention of working all night

7/ Look at poor Tom trying to start his car by hand again If I (be) Tom, I (get) a new battery.

8/ I'd go to see him more often if I (live) _ nearer

9/ If I knew you were right, I (agree) with you

10/ If I (win) a lot of money, I would give up my job

11/ I (buy ) shares in that company if they were cheaper

III/ Câu điều kiện loại 3

Là loại câu chỉ tình huống trái với thực tế trong quá khứ.

Mẫu câu :

Quá khứ hoàn thành (had done) would / might/could have done

Eg : - The weather was bad yesterday I had to stay at home If the weather had been fine

yesterday, I would have gone out (Nếu hôm qua trời đẹp, có lẽ tôi đã đi chơi rồi)

- If the weather hadn't been bad, I wouldn't have stayed at home

- Nếu thời tiết không xấu, tôi đã không ở nhà

Exercise : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

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1/ I had no maps; that's why I got lost If I (have) a map I (be) all right.

2/ The job is much worse than I expected If I (realise) how awful it was going to be I (not accept )it

3/ I'm sorry you didn't tell me that dogs were allowed in the hotel; if I (know) I (bring) my dog

He (enjoy) the walk

4/ It rained, which spoiled our picnic; but if it (not rain) it (be) a great success

5/ I didn't recognize him at first because he was wearing dark glasses; if he (not wear) them I (recognize) him immediately

6/ - Why didn't you phone me from the village ?

- Because there was no phone in the village If there (be), of course we (phone) from there.7/ We had to stand almost all the way It was all Tom's fault If he (book) seats, as I told him to,

we (have) quite a comfortable journey

IV/ Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp ( 2 + 3)

Là câu chỉ tình huống trái với thực tế ở hiện tại và quá khứ.

Mẫu câu :

Quá khứ hoàn thành (had done) would/might/could + V

would/might/could be + V-ing

Eg :- I ate too much this morning Now I feel uncomfortable.

- Sáng nay tôi ăn quá nhiều Bây giờ tôi cảm thấy khó chịu

- If I hadn't eaten too much this morning, I wouldn't feel uncomfortable now

- Nếu sáng nay tôi không ăn nhiều thì bây giờ tôi đã không cảm thấy khó chịu

- I'm not having a good time now, because I had an accident yesterday

- If I hadn't had an accident yesterday, I would be having a good time now

Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences

1/ I'm having a lot of trouble now because I lost my passport last week

 If I 2/ Lan feels tired now because she ate too much this morning

 If Lan 3/ I'm sick now because I went to the stadium yesterday afternoon

 If I 4/ He didn't learn hard at school; that's why he is unemployed now

 If he

V/Một số trờng hợp khác

1 Should đợc dùng trong câu loại 1

- If you should see him, please tell him to come to me

- Nếu cậu nhìn thấy anh ấy, bảo anh ấy đến chỗ tôi

- If you should see him, please tell him to come to me

Dùng should khi thấy khả năng ít xảy ra hơn.

2 Wish ( Ước)

a Ước điều trái với thực tế ở hiện tại

S 1 + wish + S 1 / S 2 + did sth / were

Eg : - I am old now I wish I were younger.

- Mr Blake doesn't have a house He wishes he had a big house

b Ước điều trái với thực tế trong quá khứ

Eg : - Last night I went to the cinema Now I am tired I wish I hadn't gone to the cinema last night ( Hôm qua tôi đã đi xem phim Bây giờ tôi mệt Tôi ớc giá hôm qua mình đừng đi)

- He didn't learn hard at school He regrets now

Anh ta đã không học chăm chỉ khi còn ở trờng Bây giờ anh ta hối tiếc

= - He wishes he had learned hard = He regrets not having learned / learning hard

Anh ta ớc trớc kia đã học hành chăm chỉ

* Notes : - Wish có thể đợc dùng nh động từ want :

Eg : - I wish to visit my uncle = I want to visit my uncle

Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences

1/ I'm afraid I haven't got time to listen to you  I wish 2/ I have to work tomorrow (but I'd like to stay in bed)  I wish 3/ What a pity Mai can't come  I wish 4/ My brother regretted not learning Russian before  My brother wished 5/ I'm sorry that I asked her to stay  Now I wish

3 Unless

Thờng dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 1

Eg : - If you don't start at once, you'll be late = You'll be late unless you start at once

Nếu cậu không bắt đầu ngay, cậu sẽ bị muộn (Cậu sẽ bị muộn trừ khi cậu bắt đầu ngay)

 Unless = If not

Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences

1/ I'll only help you if you promise to try harder  Unless

2/ The fire will go out if someone doesn't put some more coal on - Unless 3/ If you don't take care of those shoes, they won't last for long - Unless

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4/ If we don't hurry, the sun will rise before we reach the top  Unless

5/ If it doesn't stop raining, they will cancel the tournament - Unless

6/ The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor  Unless

4 Otherwise ( Nếu không thì)

Có thể dùng với câu loại 1,2 và 3

Eg 1 : - You should start at once; otherwise you'll be late.

- Anh nên bắt đầu ngay, nếu không anh sẽ bị muộn

Eg 2 : - It is raining now; otherwise I would go out.

- Trời đang ma, nếu không tôi sẽ đi chơi

Eg 3 :- Yesterday, I was ill; otherwise I would have gone to Da lat.

- Hôm qua tôi ốm, nếu không thì tôi đã đi Đà lạt rồi

5 Or (else) Nếu không

Dùng tơng tự nh Otherwise

Eg : - Put the jacket on or (else) / otherwise you'll catch a cold

- Mặc áo vào nếu không con sẽ bị lạnh đấy = If you don't put the jacket on, you'll catch a cold

6 If only

Thờng dùng với loại 2 và 3 , tơng tự nh wish

Eg : - We don't have a map If only we had one

- Chúng tôi không có bản đồ Giá mà chúng tôi có một cái

Eg : - I didn't know Lan was here yesterday If only I had known that.

Tôi không biết hôm qua cô ta ở đây Giá mà tôi biết điều đó

- Có thể đợc dùng nh 1 vế của câu điều kiện

Eg : - If only I were a bit younger, I would apply for that job.

- Giá mà tôi trẻ hơn một chút, tôi sẽ nộp đơn xin việc

7 But for = If it weren't for sth / sb

If it hadn't been

Nếu không vì điều gì

- Thờng dùng với câu loại 2 và loại 3.

Eg1 :- It is very cold But for the weather, we would go on holiday.

= If it weren't for the weather, we would

- Trời rất lạnh Nếu khôngvì thời tiết, chúng tôi sẽ đi nghỉ

Eg 2 : - It was very cold yesterday But for the weather, we would have visited our teacher.

= If it hadn't been for the weather, we would have visited

- Hôm qua trời rất lạnh Nếu không vì thời tiết chúng tôi đã đi thăm cô giáo rồi

8 Bỏ if

* Trong câu điều kiện loại 3 :

- If I had known he was ill, I'd have visited him = Had I known he was

- If he hadn't gone to the cinema last night, he wouldn't have got a bad cold

= Had he not gone to

* Trong câu điều kiện loại 2 với were

- If she were younger = Were she younger

Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences

1/ It was the goal-keeper who saved the match for us

 Had it 2/ The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister  Had it 3/ It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather

 Had 4/ She can't go camping because of her age

 Were she 5/ He did that way because he didn't listen to our advice

 Had he

9 In case

a In case of sth = If there is sth : Nếu có cái gì

Eg : - In case of fire, ring this number = If there is a fire, ring this number.

- Trong trờng hợp có cháy, hãy gọi số này

b In case : Phòng khi (Động từ sau in case dùng thời hiện tại đơn)

Eg :- I'll buy some more cakes in case there are a lot of guests coming to my house tonight.

Tôi sẽ đi mua thêm một ít bánh phòng khi có nhiều khách đến vào tối nay

10 Providing ( that) = If : Miễn là, với điều kiện là, nếu

Provided (that)

As/ So long as

On condition that

Eg : - If you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it.

-Nếu bạn hứa trả sớm, tớ sẽ cho bạn mợn xe

= As long as you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it