the meaning and structure of an american short story a systemic functional analysis = cấu trúc và ngữ nghĩa của một truyện ngắn mỹ

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ------ NGUYỄN THỊ MẾN THE MEANING AND STRUCTURE OF AN AME

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES

- -

NGUYỄN THỊ MẾN

THE MEANING AND STRUCTURE

OF AN AMERICAN SHORT STORY:

A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

(CẤU TRÚC VÀ NGỮ NGHĨA CỦA MỘT TRUYỆN NGẮN MỸ: PHÂN TÍCH THEO QUAN ĐIỂM CHỨC NĂNG)

M.A Minor Programme Thesis

Field: English Linguistic Code: 60 22 15

Hanoi- 11/ 2010

UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES

NGUYỄN THỊ MẾN

THE MEANING AND STRUCTURE

OF AN AMERICAN SHORT STORY:

A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

(CẤU TRÚC VÀ NGỮ NGHĨA CỦA MỘT TRUYỆN NGẮN MỸ: PHÂN TÍCH THEO QUAN ĐIỂM CHỨC NĂNG)

M.A Minor Programme Thesis

Field: English Linguistic Code: 60 22 15 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr NGUYỄN VĂN ĐỘ

Hanoi - 11/ 2010

iv

Table of contents Declaration

Abstract

Acknowledgments

List of Tables

Abbreviations

PART I: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Rationale 1

1.2 Aims and Scope of the Study 1

1.3 Methods of the Study 1

1.4 Data collection 1

1.5 Design of the study……… 2

PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 3

1.1 Three Metafunctions of Language……… 3

1.2 Context……… 3

1.2.1 What is Context? 3

1.2.2 Three aspects of context……… 3-4 1.3 Clauses and their relations 4

1.3.1 Clause Simplex and Clause Complex 4

1.3.2 Types of Relations between Clauses……… 4

1.3.2.1 Taxis 4

1.3.2.2 Logico – semantic type 4-5 1.4 Three kinds of function of clauses 5

1.4.1 Clause as representation: Transitivity 6

1.4.1.1 Process types and Participants .6

1.4.1.1.1 Material process 6

1.4.1.1.2 Mental process 6

1.4.1.1.3 Relational process 6

1.4.1.1.4 Behavioural process 7

1.4.1.1.5 Verbal process 7

1.4.1.1.6 Existential process 7

1.4.1.2 Circumstances 7

1.4.2 Clause as exchange: Mood 7-8 1.4.3 Clause as message: Theme – Rheme………… 8

1.5 Cohesion 8

1.5.1 Grammatical Cohesion 8

1.5.1.1 Reference……… 8-9 1.5.1.2 Substitution 9

1.5.1.3 Ellipsis 9

1.5.2 Logical Cohesion 10

1.5.2.1 Adversative 10

1.5.2.2 Additive 10

1.5.2.3 Causal 10

1.5.2.4 Temporal 10

1.5.3 Lexical Cohesion 10

1.5.3.1 Reiteration……… 10-11 1.5.3.2 Collocation 11

1.6 Summary 11

CHAPTER 2: THE MEANING AND STRUCTURE OF THE TEXT “WITCHES’S LOAVES” 12

2.1 The Chosen Text 12

2.2 Clauses and Clause Complex Analysis 132

2.3 The Analysis of the Text in Terms of Transitivity, Mood and Theme…… 12- 28 2.3.1 The Transitivity Pattern of the Text……… 28-29 2.3.2 The Mood Pattern of the Text……… 29

2.3.3 The Thematic Pattern of the Text 29

2.4 The Cohesion of the Text 30

2.4.1 Grammatical Cohesion 30-31

2.4.1.1 Reference……… 31

2.4.1.2 Conjunctive Devices………… 41

2.4.2 Lexical Cohesion……… 41

2.5 Contextual Configuration of the Text……… 43

2.6 Summary 43

PART 3: CONCLUSION 44

1.1 Recapitulation 44

1.2 Contributions 44

1.3 Implications of the study 44

1.4 Suggestions for future research 44

REFERENCES

APPENDICE

ii

ABSTRACT

In the present study, an attempt is made to explore the grammar and meaning of the short story “Witches’ Loaves” by O’Henry as a text which is taken from “O’Henry’s short stories online” The procedures and conventions used in the analysis are based on the framework of

Halliday’s (1994) An Introduction to Functional Grammar The analysis of the text will

proceed from the topic of the chosen text; clauses and clause complex analysis; the transitivity pattern, the mood pattern, the theme-rheme pattern, the grammatical and lexical cohesion; to a summary of the context of situation of the text in terms of the three contextual parameters: field, tenor, and mode

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