DIEM TlTOfNG DONG GlfA MOT SO TU* TU'ONG HO CHI MINH Vdl MOT SO HOC THUYET TON GIAO ThS. NGUYEN THI THANH DUNG Khoa Ly lugn chinh tri Tru&ng Dgi hpc Giao tlidng Van tdi Tom tat: Pn tudng dgi dodn kit la mdt trong nhiing tu tudng ndi bat, cd y nghia chiin luge trong hi thdng tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. Tu tudng dy dug'c hinh thdnh tren ca sd ke thiea truyen thdng dodn kit ciia ddn tgc vdl nhieng tu tudng Hen bg trong lich sie nhdn logt md dinh cao la chil nghia Mdc - Lenin. Ngudl dd tim thdy diem hgp ly vd tuang ddng gliea cdc hgc thuyet, dgc bl?t la nhieng tu tudng tdn gido nhdm glal ddp nhieng yiu cdu thuc Hin cua ddn tdc vd thdi dgi Nhgn ro diem tuang ddng giiia tu tuang Hd Chi Minh vdl cdc hgc thuyet tdn gido se thdy dugc tinh ke thiea ciia Hd Chi Minh trong viic tiep nhgn tinh hoa vdn hod nhdn logt vd y nghia cua tu tudng do ddi vdl cdch mgng Viet Nam. Summary: The Idea about the great unity Is one of the Ideas which are outstanding and have a strategic significance In Hochlmlnh Ideology. This Idea was formed on the basis of Inheriting traditions about great unity of ethnic with progressive Ideas in human history In which the Marxism - Leninism Is the most outstanding. President Ho Chi Minh found reasonable and similar points among theories, especially the religious Ideas to answer the practical requirements of ethnic and age. Identifying the similarities between Ho Chi Minh Ideology and religion theories, we will see the Inheritance In Ho Chi Minh's In receiving the quintessence of human culture and Its meaning for Vietnam's revolution. I. DAT VAN DE Tu tudng dai doan ket la mdt trong nhung tu tudng ndi bat, cd y nghTa chien luge trong he thdng tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. Tu tudng ay dugc hinh thanh tren co sd kl thira truyen thdng doan ket cua dan tgc vdi nhung tu tudng tien bd trong ljch sir nhan loai ma dinh cao la chii nghTa Mac - Lenin. Ho Chi Minh ludn dua tren nhung kinh nghjem san cd trong ljch su de phat trien, van dung sang tao nhQ'ng yeu td tien bd trong nhung tu tudng ay de dua ra nhung quyet sach cho each mang Viet Nam. Mac dii giira cac hgc thuyet cd nhung dilm khac biet nhung Hd Chi Minh cung ndi kha nhilu ve tinh tuong ddng giQa ly tu'dng tdn giao ldn, chan chinh vdi nhQ'ng tu tu'dng mac xit ma chinh Ngudi la mdt diln hinh. 116 Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 32 - 11/201 IL NOI DUNG Dudi binh dien chung nhit, sir tuong ddng dd bieu hien d su thdng nhit vl co ban trong muc tieu giai phdng con ngudi cua giai cap cdng nhan va ciia cac hgc thuyet tdn giao chan chinh. Dieu do bieu hien d cho ca ly tudng cdng san va cac bgc thuyet tdn giao chan chinh deu mudn xoa bd tinh trang ap biic, bdc lot, bat cdng. Mgi ngudi dugc sdng trong boa binh, huu nghj cua mdt the gidi dai ddng, khdng cd che do ngudi bdc lot ngudi; ca hgc thuyet tdn giao chan chinh va hgc thuyet each mang thuc su trong thdi dai ngay nay deu cd vai trd to ldn trong viec hoan thien con ngudi. Hd Chi Minh viet: "Hgc thuyet cua Khdng Tir cd uu diem cua nd la su tu dudng dao dire ca nhan. Tdn giao Giesu cd uu diem cua nd la ldng bac ai cao ca. Chu nghTa Mac cd uu diem la phuong phap lam viec bien ehung. Chu nghTa Tdn Dat Tien cd uu diem ciia nd la chinh sach cua nd thich hgp vdi dieu kien nude ta. Khdng Tu, Gie su, Mac, Tdn Dat Tien chang cd nhu'ng diem chung dd sao? Hg deu mudn muu hanh phuc cho loai ngudi, muu phiic lgi cho xa hdi. Neu hdm nay hg cdn sdng tren cdi ddi nay, neu hg hgp lai mdt chd, tdi tin rang, hg nhat djnh chung sdng vdi nhau rat hoan my nhu nhQng ngudi ban than thiet. Tdi cd gang lam ngudi hgc trd nhd cua cac vi ay." Hd Chi Minh da thay dugc diem tuong ddng giua cac hgc thuyet la deu mudn mgi ngudi cd com an ao mac, binh dang, tu do, the gidi dai dong". Ve phia ngudi cdng san ma Ho Chi Minh la mgt trong nhung ngudi tieu bieu, Ngudi viet: "tdi chi cd mdt su ham mudn, ham mudn tdt bac la lam sao cho nudc ta dugc hoan toan dde lap, dan ta dugc hoan toan tu do, ddng bao ai cung cd com an ao mac, ai cung dugc hgc hanh". Rd rang, dii la ai, theo hgc thuyet, trudng phai nao cung deu cd mdt diem chung la vi tu do, banh phiic ciia con ngudi. Day cung cd the la sir he md cho chiing ta tiep can mdt thuyet mdi: thuyet hdi tu. Hd Chi Minb da thay dugc su tuong ddng giua ly tudng cdng san vdi muc tieu ciia tdn giao chan chinh dugc the hien d chd: dat nudc khdng dugc dde lap, tdn giao ndi chung, cac tin do tdn giao ndi rieng cung khdng cd tu do. Dau tranh cho dgc lap, tu do ciia Td qudc la nguyen vgng thiet tha cua mgi ngudi dan, ke ca cac tin do. Bdi le, gianh dgc lap dan tdc la dieu kien de cd dde lap, tu do cho tdn giao, cho mgi giao dan. De cap den mdi quan he tuong ddng dd, thang 1-1946, khi Viet Nam bj thuc dan Phap xam luge lan nua, Hd Chi Minh da nhan manh: "nudc khdng dgc lap thi tdn giao khdng dugc tu do, nen chiing ta phai lam cho nude dugc dgc lap da".(l) Quyen tu do tin ngudng tdn giao khdng tach rdi vdi van menh dan tgc, van menh dat nudc, cho nen, mgi ngudi Viet Nam dii cd tin ngudng hay khdng deu phai gdp phan minh de gianh va giu nen dde lap nudc nha. Dau tranh cho dde lap dan tdc cung chinh la dau tranh cho quyen dgc lap cua cac tdn giao, ciia giao dan. Tdn giao tdn tai tren manh dit dan tdc, nen giai phdng Td qudc cung chinh la giai phdng dat thanh - giai phdng manh dat ma tren do cac tdn giao tdn tai. Chung ta diu biet, mdt trong nhung Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 32 - 11/2010 117 chinh sach cai tri ha khac cua thuc dan Phap da thuc hien d An Nam la chia de de be cai trj. Chiing chia re khdi doan ket cua nude ta ra Iam ba mien vdi cac che do cai trj khac nhau. Ddng thdi, chung cung gay ra su chia re luong - giao, tao nen mdi thii ban giua cac tdn giao, chiing phan chia giua giao sy phuong Tay vdi cac giao sy, linh muc ngudi ban xii de cd cac hinh thiic ddi xir khac nhau. Cac giao sy, linh muc ngudi Viet bj miet dai, ddi xu' rat tan te, hg chi la tdi td ciia giao sy phuong Tay, bj coi nhu nhirng ke nd le. Ngudi khang djnh rang, dudi che do phong kien, "dao thien chiia d nudc ta cd rat nhieu giam muc ngudi Phap va ngudi chau Au, ma rat it giam muc ngudi Viet Nam. Cach ddi xtr vdi linh muc va ba phudc ngudi chau Au hon linh muc va ba phudc ngiroi Viet Nam. Nhu, the cd phai la khdng phan biet ndi gidng khdng?." (2) Sdng dudi che do ap biic bdc lot, bi de nen nang ne, ngudi lao ddng Viet Nam ndi chung va ddng bao luong - giao ndi rieng can viing day giai phdng khdi mgi ap bii'c, bdc lot, bat cdng. Bdi vay, trong cudc hgp Hdi ddng chinh phil iam thdi ngay 3-9-1945, Hd Chii tich khang dinh: "thuc dan va phong kien thi hanh chinh sach chia re ddng bao giao va ddng bao luong de de be thdng trj, tdi de nghj chinh phil ta tuyen bd: tin ngudng tu do va luong giao doan ket"(3). Muc tieu giai phdng Td qudc cung cd nghTa la giai phdng dat chua - noi tdn giao tdn tai. Khi chiing ta giai phdng Bill Chu, Phat Diem, Hd Chi Minh khing djnh, giai phdng Biii Chu va Phat Diem cung tiic la giai phdng dat thanh. Khi thuc dan Phap mdt lan nua quay lai xam luge nudc ta, dl giu vung nen dgc ap gianh dugc bang su hy sinh suong mau ciia dan tdc, chiing ta phai tiln hanh cudc khang chien. Ngud'i khing djnh, khang chiln, kien qudc de giu vQ'ng dgc lap dan tdc cung la phu hgp y chiia. "Chiing ta khang chiln ciru nudc, thi dua tang gia san xuit va tilt kiem, cai each rugng dat iam cho ngudi cay cd rugng, tin ngudng tu do, nhu thi la nhung viec chinh phli va nhan dan ta lam deu hgp vdi tinh than phiic am. Cho nen, tdi chiic ddng bao cdng giao lam trgn chinh sach cua chinh phii cung la lam trgn tinh than cua Dire chua co dde". Bdi vay, ddng bao ta "luong cung nhu giao, doan ket khang chien, img hd chinh sach rugng dat, tire la lam dung ldi day ciia chiia Giesu, tire la that tha tdn kinh chiia Giesu". Tren co sd neu cao chQ' "Ddng", lay diem chung ciia cac hgc thuyet, tu tudng, tdn giao, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh nhu sgi day lien ket tinh than doan ket giiia ddng bao luong - giao tao nen khdi doan ket thdng nhat giua cac tang ldp va nhan dan lao ddng trong ca nudc. Chil tich Hd Chi Minh cdn gianh mdi quan tam dac biet den viec xay dung khdi doan ket toan dan, nhat la ddng bao luong - giao. Trong thu giri ddng bao cdng giao nhan djp le giang sinh ngay 25-12-1956, Ngudi viet: "Nhan dip le sinh nhat nay, tdi mong cac hang giao sy va ddng bao da doan ket nay cang doan ket hon, doan ket giua nhan dan va can bd, giu'a ddng bao giao va ddng bao luong dl mau thong nhit nudc nha, cho Bac Nam sum hgp nhu Idi cau nguyen ciia chua Kirixitd: "Nguyen cho hit thay ddng bao hoan toan hgp nhit vdi nhau"(4). Nhd tu tudng do, 118 Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI -: So 32 - 11/2010 chiing ta da phat huy dugc siic manh ciia khoi dai doan ket dan tdc trong cudc khang chien ehdng Phap va chdng My. Bing tai nang va dire do va nhan each cua minh, Ho Chi Minh da dugc ddng bao Phat giao Viet Nam tdn vinh nhu mdt vj Bd tat sdng. Thugng toa Thich Thanh Tir va Ni su Thich Nir Nhu Nggc da viet: "nhu'ng tu tudng, dao diic, tac phong va viec Iam cua Bac Hd thi hoan toan phil hgp vdi giao ly cua Dao phat. Bac Hd khdng nhung la vj anh hung giai phdng dan tdc, la nha van boa ldn ma Bac Hd cdn la hien than cua Dao phat va la mgt Bd tat boa than"(5). Qua day cd the thay, tu tudng bien chiing ciia Hd Chi Minh tham nhuan sau sac tu tudng "luc boa" nham tao ra su hoa hgp tir vat chat den tinh than, tir ldi ndi den viec lam cua chiing sinh nham dat tdi muc dich chung, cao dep: than boa ddng tru, ngdn hoa ddng nghiep; gidi boa ddng tu; kien hoa ddng giao; lgi boa dong quan. Hd Chi Minh da tiep thu, cai bien tu tudng dd de thanh nhiing nguyen tac, phuong phap xay dung ly luan each mang het sire khoa hgc. Tuy nhien, cung can luu y rang, trong khi nhin manh chu "dong", Hd Chi Minh cung khdng xem nhe viec loai trir khac biet va ddi lap; Ngudi kien quyet chdng can benh "ta" khuynh lin huu khuynh. Chinh nhd nam bat dugc cai hdn cua phep bien chung ve mau thuan dl van dung cu the vao cdng viec lanh dao each mang nude nha. Hd Chi Minh da boa giai mdt each khdn ngoan nhung ddi khang ve quyen lgi bd phan trong nhQng hoan canh nhit djnh, neu cao su tuong ddng dl tap trung cao nhat mgi lire lugng, mgi tri tue cho lgi ich toan cue. Ngudi ndi "cau ddng tdn dj", lay cai chung de hy sinh lgi ich ca nhan, tap hgp khdi doan ket toan dan. Day la tu tudng xae djnh rd chu the, ddng lire cua each mang - mdt trong nhung nhan td quan trgng, quyet djnh thanh cdng cua each mang Viet Nam. Lay day la bai hgc quy bau trong su nghiep xay dung dat nudc hien. Bac timg ndi: "Dan ta nen nhd chu ddng, Ddng tinh, ddng sire, ddng long, ddng minh." III. KET LUAN Van dung tu tudng dd trong giai doan hien nay, chung ta can biet phat huy sire manh tdng hgp cua mgi tang ldp, giai cap trong nudc cung nhu kieu bao nude ngoai, tao ra the va lire ciia dat nudc tren da hdi nhap qudc te. Dac biet, trudc xu the toan cau hoa hien nay cang can sue manh tdng hgp ciia cac tang ldp, giai cap, tdn giao trong nudc de nhan sire manh dan tdc len gap bdi trong sir ket hgp vdi sire manh thdi dai. Dai hdi Phat giao dugc td chiic vao cac ky chinh la mdt minh chiing cho sir tuong ddng ve ly tudng giQa cac giai cap, tang ldp yeu nudc cQng nhu cac giao dan tren dit nudc Viet Nam. Tat ca deu vi cudc sdng im no, tu do, hanh phiic, vi hoa binh, dan chu va tien bd tren the gidi. Tai lieu tham khao [1]. Bao ciru quoc, ngay 14-01-1946. [2]. Bao nhan dan, sl 38, ngay 27-12-1951. [3]. Hi Chf Minh, Toan tap. NXB Chfnh tri quIc gia, HN,1995,t.4,tr.9. [4]. HI Chi Minh vdi phat giao. Ngi san nghien ciru phat hgc, so dac biet, tr29-30 va tr.\6-\l* Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 32-11/2010 119 . dgi Nhgn ro diem tuang ddng giiia tu tuang Hd Chi Minh vdl cdc hgc thuyet tdn gido se thdy dugc tinh ke thiea ciia Hd Chi Minh trong viic tiep nhgn tinh hoa vdn hod nhdn logt. age. Identifying the similarities between Ho Chi Minh Ideology and religion theories, we will see the Inheritance In Ho Chi Minh& apos;s In receiving the quintessence of human. Hd Chi Minh da thay dugc diem tuong ddng giua cac hgc thuyet la deu mudn mgi ngudi cd com an ao mac, binh dang, tu do, the gidi dai dong". Ve phia ngudi cdng san ma Ho Chi Minh la