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FOREST GROWTH AND REGENARATION SURVEY AT LUOT MOUNTAIN AND CUC PHUONG NATIONAL PARK, VIETNAM Bz 120_ Natural resources Ecology and Measurement. Table of contents: 1. Introduction. 2. Methodology. 3. Results. 3.1. Plantation in Luot mountain. 3.1.1 Plot location, maps… (GIS and RS). 3.1.2 Data analysis results. 3.1.2.1 Generate diameter and height frequency distributions. 3.1.2.2 Descriptive statistics for diameter and height variables. 3.1.2.3 Compare tree growth between 2 plots. 3.1.2.4 Regression between DBH and height the best regression function and regression levels. 3.1.2.5 Stand density, stand volume and basal area per plot and per hectare. 3.1.2.6 Biomass and carbon stocks per plot and per hectare. 3.2. Natural forest in Cuc Phuong national park. 3.2.1 Plot location, maps… (GIS and RS). 3.2.2 Data analysis results. Require similar to plantation in Luot mountain. 4. Conclusion and recommendation. 5. Reference lists. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Objectives: Forest growth and regeneration play an important role in developing and managing forest. So that we can: - Understand more about natural forest and natural forest and know how to set plot to investigate growth of trees. Moreover, we also learnt about species identify, habitat, location and population size. - Practice some measurement tools such as: caliper, blume leiss … and using GPS to mark point. 1.2 General information about Luot Mountain and Cuc Phuong national park. 1.2.1 . Natural conditions of Cuc Phuong National Park: a) Geographic location Cúc Phương National Park is located in Ninh Bình Province, in Vietnam’s Red River Delta. Cuc Phuong was Vietnam's first national park and is the country's largest nature reserve. . It lies between 20º14’N and 20 º24N latitudes and between 105º29’ E to 105º44’ E longitudes. The park covers about 222 sq km, Ninh Binh( 11350 ha), Hoa Binh( 5850ha), and Thanh Hoa Province( 5000ha). b) Terrain Cúc Phương is situated in the foothills of the northern Annamite Range. The park consists of verdant karst mountains and lush valleys. Elevation varies from 150 meters (500 feet) to 656 m (2,152 feet) at the summit of May Bac Mountain, or Silver Cloud Mountain. The limestone mountains house numerous caves, many of which are accessible for exploration. c) History: In 1960 Cuc Phương was made into a forest reserve and in 1962 Cuc Phương National Park was consecrated by President Ho Chi Minh. Human habitation in Cuc Phương dates back long before the park’s creation, 7,000-12,000 years ago. Artifacts from that time have been found in numerous caves within the park, including human graves, stone axes, pointed bone spears, oyster shell knives, and tools for grinding. In 1789 the Quen Voi section of the park was the site of a major battle in the civil war between Nguyễn Huệ and Thăng Long. More recently, conflicts have emerged between the government and 2,500 Muong ethnic minority tribesmen who live, farm, and hunt in the park. In 1987, 500 Muong were relocated outside of the park because of issues over poaching and land use. d) Climate conditions: The average temperature in Cúc Phương is 21 Celsius (70 Fahrenheit), with a mean winter temperature of 9C (48F). High temperatures can reach above 30C (85 F) and lows are just above zero (32 F). At the low elevations in the valley the temperature is hot and humid while at higher elevations the temperature drops and frostbite is a threat. On average it rains more than 200 days a year and the average annual rainfall is 2,100mm (7 feet). The dry season is November to February, the driest months being December and January. 1.2.2: Natural conditions of Luot Mountain: a) Geographic location: - Luot mountain is located the north-west of Hanoi city, at the campus of Vietnam Forestry University - Geographic coordinates: + 20 o 54’43” North Longitude + 105 o 34’11” West Latitude - Its eastern side border on national road No.21A. -Its western and northern side border on Luong Son district and Chuong My district. b) Terrain: The slope direction from South to North: - The average slope of Luot mountain is 15 degree - Less divided, it contains 2 hill (the one has height: 133m, the another is 76m) contexture and ranges about 2 km in the direction from East to West. c) Climate conditions: Luot Mountain is in the humid tropical region so it has 2 clear season: + Rain season : from April to October + Dry season : from November to March of next year * Rainfall: - Rainfall : 1753mm/year - Average rainfall :146mm - Rainfall is unevenly distributed. The highest month (July-August) is 312mm, the lowest is 15mm. * Temperature: - Average temperature during the year is 23,2 o C - Average temperature in the hottest month (July-August) is 28,5 o C and the coldest month (January) is <20 o C d) SOIL CONDITIONS: In overall, the soil has tight structure, especially the top soil in foothills and deep layers in the peak. - The soil is mostly ferralitic soil developed on typical foocfiarize parent rock, therefore the soil in this region is yellow and brown-yellow. The soil layer is pretty thick, this thick soil concentrate mostly in foothills and the southwest hillside of the high hill. - Erosion process is not strong, the soil has granular structure, the humus level is around 2 to 3, the pH is usually less than 7. 2. Methodology: 2.1. Sampling method: Sampling consists of obtaining information from only a part of a large group or population so as to infer about the whole population. The object of sampling is thus to secure a sample which will represent the population and reproduce the important characteristics of the population under study as closely as possible. 2.2 Sample plot establishment: - Plot establishment shows the change levels about growth power and quanlity of under canopy also upper canopy. - Way to establish plot: The size and shape of the sample plots is a trade- off between accuracy, precision, time and cost for measurement. In this case, it’s suggested to use a typical sample plot of 1000m² for each plot. The plot size is rectangle with size of 40*25m. The longer side is parallel with the contour line. - Sub- plot establishment for regenerating trees inventory: in each plot, establish 5 sub- plots, 4 sub- plots in 4 corners and 1 in the center. Each sub- plot is square (2m * 2m). Collect data methods: -Measure diameter: at DBH by holding caliper in the 2 sides, west-east and south- north. After that, take the average. -Measure total tree height and height under tree: by using Blume leisse (Selecting location at 15meters horizontal distance from the base of a vertical tree). -Measure canopy diameter by rape tape: measure according to perpendicular of canopy in the two sides, west- east and south- north, take the average. -Evaluating the canopy cover: by estimating the percentage of sunlight hided by canopy. Giving point method (100 points equal to 100 steps). + At point which is completely hided by canopy (no light) give 1 + At point which is hided 50% by canopy give 0.5 + At point which isn’t hided by canopy give 0. Measure the canopy cover by summing 100 points. -Evaluating the quality of species: + Good trees have power growth which is very well, be not diseased, round stem, balanced canopy, give A + Normal trees have lower power growth, less form, give B + Trees have low power growth, diseased, short of top, canopy and stem lost balance, giving C. -Regeneration plots: calculating number of individuals for each species (species have diameter is smaller than 6cm), took field notes on biological and ecological factors, including vegetation formation type, dominant species, natural regeneration. Determining the height of species is divided by sample table, determining tree growth from seed of bud. 3.Result: 3.1 Plantation in Luot mountain: 3.1.1 Plot location and map (GIS and RS) of Luot mountain: 3.1.2 Data analysis results: Aer surveying, we have results in: Table 1: Tree data collect in Luot mountain group 5: !!"#$% & '( ) )* )* +* ,-. / /* /* 0 & '( 0* 0 0* 1 + & '( * * * & '( 1 ) )* / 2 & '( /* )/* * / ,-. 1 * 1 0 ,-. 1 1 1 2 ) & '( + 2* ** ) 1 & ** +* 0 & '( 1 / 0* ) & 2* +* 1* & 0 1 ) + & * * * & ) )* )* 1 2 & '( + * /* / & +* )* / * 0 & '( + + ) & 2 0 / 0 1 &+ 1 1 1 2 & + * &+ ) 0 0* 0 & 1 1* * + &- ' 0 1 ) / * & '( * * 2 & '( * / & ) +1 +* * 0 & '( * / 2 ) & * * 0 1 & * 0 2* 1 &+ 2 / 2* / * + * * & '( * + & * / 2 1 * &* +* * +/* * 2 & 0 )* / / & '( + + +* 0 &+ 0 / /* * ) & '( * + 1 +1 & '( * * + & / )* * + &+ * + & '( 0 )* 0 ++ &2 + * 2 +* & / * 2 +2 & '( * * +/ & +0 & '( * / 2 +) & '( * + +* *1 & 0 1 2 * & '( ) 1* / * & '( * * & '( 2 0 / 2 *+ &+ ** & '( / 1 0* + *2 & '( + */ &/ ) / 0 *0 & '( 0 1 ) *) &* * 0 21 & '( 0* 1 )* + 2 & '( 1 * * 2 2 & '( / 0* //* 2 & * 1 1/* * 2+ & '( * + 1 ** 2* & '( 0 / /* 2 22 & '( ) 1* 0 2/ & * 20 & 1 * * 2) &- ' 0 )* /* /1 & '( ) 1* / & 1 2 / & '( 1 0 / & '( ) 1 ) /+ & '( /* ) 0* /* & '( 0 ** 2/* 2 /2 &+ ) /* 0* / // &* 1 1* /0 &- ' * /) &* 1* 1/* 01 &2 / 2* 2/* + 0 & '( 2 + * ** 0 & '( * /* 2 +* [...]... 1 4 12 4 3 5 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 7 3 4 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 > 5.0 Origin S B Dẻ A 1 1 3.1.2.1 Diameter and height frequency distribution: Table 1: Diameter frequence distribution in Luot mountain (Plantation forest) Lower limit Upper limit Middle point 6 8 7 8 10 9 10 12 11 12 14 13 14 16 15 16 18 17 18 20 20 22 19 21 22 24 23 24 26 25 26 28 27 28 30 32 34 30 32 34 36 29 31 33 35 36 38 37 38 40 39 40 42 41... Upper limit Middle point Frequenc y 4 5 4.5 1 5 6 5.5 1 6 7 6.5 1 7 8 7.5 1 8 9 8.5 0 9 10 9.5 1 Table 2: 10 11 10.5 0 Height frequence 11 12 11.5 2 distribution 12 13 12.5 1 Luot 13 14 13.5 1 (Plantation forest) 14 15 14.5 6 15 16 15.5 3 16 17 16.5 6 17 18 17.5 9 18 19 18.5 3 19 20 19.5 5 20 21 20.5 3 3.1.2.2 21 22 21.5 13 Descriptive 22 23 22.5 5 statistics for 23 24 23.5 3 diameter and 24 25 24.5 6 height... 13.50785 105.0453136 199.6140729 49.9035182 3 0.065 4.300181473 0.65345 4.953631473 10.97908756 2.74477189 13.723859 0.125 21.52354234 2.41385 23.93739234 50.57380604 12.6434515 1 63.217258 3.2 Natural forest in Cuc Phuong National Park 3.2.1 Plot location, maps of Cuc Phuong National Park 3.2.2 Data analysis results: After surveying, we have result in: Table 1: Tree data collect in Cuc Phuong National . 10.5 0 11 12 11.5 2 12 13 12. 5 1 13 14 13.5 1 14 15 14.5 6 15 16 15.5 3 16 17 16.5 6 17 18 17.5 9 18 19 18.5 3 19 20 19.5 5 20 21 20 .5 3 21 22 21 .5 13 22 23 22 .5 5 23 24 23 .5 3 24 25 24 .5 6 25 26 25 .5 7 26 . (Plantation forest) Lower limit Upper limit Middle point Frequence 6 8 7 10 8 10 9 8 10 12 11 14 12 14 13 9 14 16 15 4 16 18 17 8 18 20 19 3 20 22 21 7 22 24 23 8 24 26 25 5 26 28 27 1 28 30 29 12 30 32. mountain DBH (m) H tota l Gtree (m2) Vtree (m3) 0 .29 2 5 14. 5 0.067161656 0.486 922 008 0.1 72 5 18 0. 023 358656 0 .21 022 7906 0 .28 2 5 20 0.0 626 47906 0. 626 479063 0.0 32 5 15 0.000 829 156 0.00 621 86 72 0 .29 5 17. 1 0.068314 625 0.584090044 0 .29 7 5
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