Tóm tắt ngữ pháp lớp 12

1 BÀI MỞ ĐẦU BÀI MỞ ĐẦUBÀI MỞ ĐẦU BÀI MỞ ĐẦU ĐỘNG TỪ VERB VERBVERB VERB Động từ được dùng để làm hành động cho chủ từ. Để phân biệt các loại động loại động loại động loại động tư tưtư từ (kinds of verbs), chúng ta hãy quan sát sơ đồ dưới đây: Auxiliary verb Auxiliary verb Auxiliary verb Auxiliary verb : (do, have, be) Special verb Special verb Special verb Special verb : Modal verb Modal verbModal verb Modal verb : (must, can, may, might, could, should …) Verb Verb Verb Verb : Regular verb Regular verb Regular verb Regular verb : (open, close, clean, remember…) Ordinary verb : Ordinary verb :Ordinary verb : Ordinary verb : Irregular verb Irregular verb Irregular verb Irregular verb : (run, write, speak, drive…) Động từ tiếng Anh có hai loại: động từ đặc biệt động từ đặc biệt động từ đặc biệt động từ đặc biệt (special verb) và động từ động từ động từ động từ thường thườngthường thường (ordinary verb). (1) Động từ đặc biệt (1) Động từ đặc biệt(1) Động từ đặc biệt (1) Động từ đặc biệt gồm có: * Động từ trợ * Động từ trợ * Động từ trợ * Động từ trợ (auxiliary verb) : be bebe be (dùng để chia các thì tiếp diễn, thể thụ động), have have have have (dùng để chia các thì hoàn thành), do dodo do (dùng để chia các thể phủ đònh và nghi vấn). - He is working hard this month. (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) - The house was built five years ago. (thể thụ động) - He has learned English for two years. (thì hiện tại hoàn thành) - Do you like tea ? (thể nghi vấn) - She does not like coffee. (thể phủ đònh) * Động từ khiếm khuyết * Động từ khiếm khuyết* Động từ khiếm khuyết * Động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verb) : cần phải có động theo sau. - We must study hard. - He can play the piano. Đặc điểm chung của các động từ đặc biệt Đặc điểm chung của các động từ đặc biệtĐặc điểm chung của các động từ đặc biệt Đặc điểm chung của các động từ đặc biệt là khi đổi sang thể phủ đònh ta chỉ cần thêm NOT NOTNOT NOT vào sau các động từ đó và khi đổi sang thể nghi vấn ta đưa các động từ đó ra đầu câu. - He is not working hard this month. - Is he working hard this month ? - He has not found his book. - Have you seen her yet ? - She cannot swim. - Should we go there ? (2) Động (2) Động (2) Động (2) Động từ thường từ thường từ thường từ thường gồm có : 2 * Động từ có qui tắc * Động từ có qui tắc * Động từ có qui tắc * Động từ có qui tắc (regular verb) : là động từ khi thành lập thì quá khứ đơn (simple past) hay quá khứ phân từ (past paticiple) ta chỉ cần thêm – –– –ED EDED ED vào sau động từ đó. - I opened openedopened opened the door this morning. (simple past ) - I have opened openedopened opened the door. (past participle) * Động từ bất qui tắc * Động từ bất qui tắc* Động từ bất qui tắc * Động từ bất qui tắc (irregular verb) : là động từ có hình thức quá khứ (xem cột 2 của bảng động từ bất qui tắc) và quá khứ phân từ (xem cột 3) riêng. to go went gone to write wrote written to run ran run to hit hit hit - He went wentwent went to the cinema last night. (simple past ) - He has gone gone gone gone out. (past participle) Động từ thường có chung đặc điểm Động từ thường có chung đặc điểmĐộng từ thường có chung đặc điểm Động từ thường có chung đặc điểm là khi đổi sang thể phủ đònh và nghi vấn ta phải dùng động từ trợ “to do”. Ta thêm NOT NOTNOT NOT vào sau các động từ trợ ở thể phủ đònh và đưa động từ trợ ra đầu câu nếu ở thể nghi vấn. - He did not go to the pub last night. - Did he go to the cinema last night ? - I do not like tea. - Do you enjoy classical music ? - She does not know the answer. - Does he understand the lesson ? * Động từ “to do” vừa là động từ thường vừa là động từ trợ. - He does does does does his homework. (động từ thường) - He does doesdoes does not understand the lesson. (động từ trợ) 3 Bài 1 Bài 1Bài 1 Bài 1: :: : CÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌ CÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌCÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌ CÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌ (THE USE OF TENSES) (THE USE OF TENSES)(THE USE OF TENSES) (THE USE OF TENSES) Thì biểu thò thời gian và trạng thái của hành động được diễn đạt bằng động từ. Có 12 thì ở dạng chủ động của động từ tiếng Anh. Để hiểu được hình thái của các thì, ta có thể nghiên cứu cách chia động từ TO WORK trong bảng dưới đây : Simple SimpleSimple Simple Continuous ContinuousContinuous Continuous Perfect PerfectPerfect Perfect Perfect continuous Perfect continuousPerfect continuous Perfect continuous Present PresentPresent Present - I II I (You / We / They) work workwork work - He ( He (He ( He (She / It) works worksworks works - I am working I am workingI am working I am working - He He He He (She / It) is isis is working workingworking working - - You ( You ( You ( You (We / They) are workin are workinare workin are working gg g - I II I (You / We / They) have worked have workedhave worked have worked - He HeHe He (She / It) has hashas has worked workedworked worked - I II I (You / We / They) have been have been have been have been working workingworking working - He HeHe He ( She / It) has has has has been beenbeen been working workingworking working Past PastPast Past - - I I I I (You / He / She / It / We / They) worked workedworked worked - I II I (He / She / It) was working was workingwas working was working - You You You You (We / They) were working were workingwere working were working - I II I (You / He / She / It / We / They) had hadhad had worked workedworked worked - - I I I I (You / He / She / It / We / They) had had had had been beenbeen been working workingworking working Future FutureFuture Future - I II I (We) shall shallshall shall work workwork work - You You You You (He / She / it / They) will work will workwill work will work - I II I (We) shall be shall beshall be shall be working workingworking working - You YouYou You (He / She / It / They) will be will bewill be will be working workingworking working - I I I I (We) s ss shall have hall havehall have hall have worked workedworked worked - You YouYou You (He / She / it / They) will have will havewill have will have worked workedworked worked - I II I (We) shall have shall have shall have shall have been beenbeen been working workingworking working - You YouYou You (He / She / It / They) will have will have will have will have been working been workingbeen working been working * 1 * 1* 1 * 1. SO SÁNH SO SÁNHSO SÁNH SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PRESENT THÌ SIMPLE PRESENT THÌ SIMPLE PRESENT THÌ SIMPLE PRESENT VÀ THÌ VÀ THÌ VÀ THÌ VÀ THÌ PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT CONTINUOUS Tiếng Anh có hai thì hiện tại mà đa số các em học sinh hay lẫn lộn cách sử dụng. Đó là thì hiện tại đơn (Simple Present Simple PresentSimple Present Simple Present) và thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present PresentPresent Present Continuous ContinuousContinuous Continuous). * Thì Simple Present Simple PresentSimple Present Simple Present được dùng để chỉ một hành động diễn ra trong thời gian nói chung, không nhất thiết phải là thời gian ở hiện tại. Thời gian nói chung là thời gian mà sự việc diễn ra mỗi ngày (every day every dayevery day every day), mỗi tuần (every week every weekevery week every week), mỗi tháng (every every every every month monthmonth month), mỗi năm (every year every yearevery year every year), mỗi mùa (every spring / summer / autu every spring / summer / autuevery spring / summer / autu every spring / summer / autumn mnmn mn / winter)… / winter)…/ winter)… / winter)… 4 - He goes goesgoes goes to school every day. - Mrs Brown travels travelstravels travels every summer. * Thì Present Continuous Present ContinuousPresent Continuous Present Continuous được dùng để chỉ một hành động đang xảy ra (a aa a current current current current activity activityactivity activity) hay một sự việc chúng ta đang làm bây giờ (now/ at present/ at this now/ at present/ at thisnow/ at present/ at this now/ at present/ at this mom mommom moment entent ent), hôm nay (today todaytoday today), tuần này (this week this weekthis week this week), năm nay (this year this yearthis year this year)… - We are learning are learningare learning are learning English now. - Mary is playing is playingis playing is playing the piano at the moment. Hãy so sánh Hãy so sánhHãy so sánh Hãy so sánh : - I work in a bakery every day. every day.every day. every day. - I’m working in a bakery this week. this week.this week. this week. * CHÚ Ý : * CHÚ Ý :* CHÚ Ý : * CHÚ Ý : (1) + Thì Simple Present Simple PresentSimple Present Simple Present thường được dùng với các động từ chỉ tri giác động từ chỉ tri giácđộng từ chỉ tri giác động từ chỉ tri giác (verbs of perception) như : feel, see, hear feel, see, hearfeel, see, hear feel, see, hear… và các động từ chỉ trạng thái động từ chỉ trạng tháiđộng từ chỉ trạng thái động từ chỉ trạng thái như : know, know,know, know, understand, understand, understand, understand, mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe… mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe…mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe… mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe… + Ngoài ra chúng ta còn dùng thì Simple Present Simple PresentSimple Present Simple Present với động từ : be, : be,: be, : be, appear, appear, appear, appear, belong, have to… belong, have to…belong, have to… belong, have to… + Thì Simple Present Simple PresentSimple Present Simple Present còn được dùng với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất lập trạng từ chỉ tần suất lậptrạng từ chỉ tần suất lập trạng từ chỉ tần suất lập đi lập lại đi lập lạiđi lập lại đi lập lại (adverbs of frequency) như : always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, g always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, galways, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, g always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, generally, enerally, enerally, enerally, rarely, never… rarely, never…rarely, never… rarely, never… - That child needs needsneeds needs care. - This book belongs belongsbelongs belongs to me. - He never comes comescomes comes late. + Chúng ta cũng dùng thì Simple Present Simple PresentSimple Present Simple Present để chỉ một chân lý một chân lýmột chân lý một chân lý hay một sự thật hiển một sự thật hiển một sự thật hiển một sự thật hiển nhiên nhiênnhiên nhiên (a general truth). - The sun rises risesrises rises in the east. - Nothing is isis is more precious than independence and freedom. (2) Thì Present Continuous Present ContinuousPresent Continuous Present Continuous còn được dùng để chỉ hành động ở một hành động ở mộthành động ở một hành động ở một tương lai gần tương lai gầntương lai gần tương lai gần (a near future action) và thường đi với các trạng từ chỉ tương lai như : tomorrow, next tomorrow, next tomorrow, next tomorrow, next week, next month, next week, next month, next week, next month, next week, next month, next year, next summer… year, next summer…year, next summer… year, next summer… Exercise I : Exercise I :Exercise I : Exercise I : Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense. tense.tense. tense. 1/ I (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day. 2/ My brother (work) __________ in a shoe store this summer. 3/ The student (look) ___________ up that new word now. 4/ She (go) __________ to school every day. 5/ We (do) __________ this exercise at the moment. 5 6/ Miss Helen (read) ___________ a newspaper now. 7/ It (rain) __________ very much in the summer. It (rain) _________ now. 8/ Bad students never (work) __________ hard. 9/ He generally (sing) __________ in English, but today he (sing) __________ in Spanish. 10/ We seldom (eat) __________ before 6.30. 11/ She sometimes (buy) ___________ vegetables at his market. 12/ Be quiet. The baby (sleep) ____________. 13/ We always (do) ___________ our exercises carefully. 14/ Look. A man (run) ___________ after the train. He (want) ___________ to catch it. 15/ It (be) __________ very cold now. 16/ John (travel) __________ to England tomorrow. 17/ I (need) ____________ some money for my textbooks. 18/ Tom (like) __________ to go to the museums. 19/ Mary (love) __________ ice-cream. 20/ My mother (cook) ___________ some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook) __________ in the mornings. 21/ I often (leave) __________ the city at weekends. 22/ The guests (watch) __________ the TV programmes now. 23/ I (see) ___________ you (wear) ___________ your best clothes. 24/ The sun (set)___________ in the west. 25/ My friend (study) __________ English for an hour every night. 26/ Listen. I (hear)___________ someone knocking at the front door. 27/ I (do) __________ an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) __________ that I (know) __________ how to use it now. 28/ Honesty (be) __________ the best policy. 29/ The earth (goes) __________ round the sun. 30/ Two and two (make) __________ four. * 2 * 2* 2 * 2 SO SAÙNH SO SAÙNHSO SAÙNH SO SAÙNH THÌ PRESENT PERFECT THÌ PRESENT PERFECTTHÌ PRESENT PERFECT THÌ PRESENT PERFECT VAØ VAØVAØ VAØ THÌ SIMPLE PAST THÌ SIMPLE PASTTHÌ SIMPLE PAST THÌ SIMPLE PAST 6 * Thì Present PresentPresent Present perfect perfect perfect perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ một quá khứ không rõ thời điểm còn liên lạc với hiện tại. * Thì Simple Past Simple PastSimple Past Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một quá khứ có thời điểm rõ rệt cắt đứt với hiện tại. + CHÚ + CHÚ + CHÚ + CHÚ Ý : Ý :Ý : Ý : (1) Thì Present Perfect Present PerfectPresent Perfect Present Perfect thường đi với những từ như : up to now : up to now: up to now : up to now, up to up toup to up to the present the presentthe present the present, so far so farso far so far (cho tới nay), not … yet not … yetnot … yet not … yet (vẫn chưa), for, since, ever for, since, everfor, since, ever for, since, ever (đã từng), never, several never, several never, several never, several times timestimes times (nhiều lần), just justjust just (vừa), recently recentlyrecently recently (vừa mới), lately latelylately lately (mới đây) - Have HaveHave Have you ever seen ever seenever seen ever seen a tiger ? - The train has not arrived has not arrivedhas not arrived has not arrived yet. - We have lived have livedhave lived have lived here for 6 years. - The bell has just rung. has just rung.has just rung. has just rung. (2) * Thì Simple Past Simple PastSimple Past Simple Past thường đi với những tiếng chỉ thời gian quá khứ xác đònh như : yesterday yesterdayyesterday yesterday, the day before yest the day before yestthe day before yest the day before yesterday erdayerday erday, last week last weeklast week last week, last month, last month,last month, last month, last year last yearlast year last year, last last last last summer summersummer summer, ago agoago ago. - We came camecame came here a month ago. - He went wentwent went to the cinema yesterday. * Thì Simple Past Simple PastSimple Past Simple Past còn được dùng để chỉ một chuỗi các hành động kế tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ. - He closed closedclosed closed all the windows, locked lockedlocked locked the doors and then went wentwent went out. Exercise II : Exercise II :Exercise II : Exercise II : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense. Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense. Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense. 1/ We (never watch) __________ that TV programme. 2/ We (wacth) __________ a good programme on TV last night. 3/ He (read) __________ that novel many times before. 4/ He (read) __________ that novel again during my last vacation. 5/ I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week. 6/ However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then. 7/ I (not see) __________ John for a long time. I (see) __________ him 3 weeks ago. 8/ The school bell (ring) __________. We must go now. 9/ I (meet) __________ Mary last night. She (become) __________ a very big girl. 10/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning. 11/ It is very hot. Summer (come) __________. 12/ They (study) __________ at this school for 7 years now. 7 13/ They (begin) __________ to study at this school 7 years ago. 14/ Since when (you know) ___________ her ? 15/ How long ago (he start) __________ to learn French ? 16/ She (lose) __________ her handbag on the train yesterday morning. 17/ My mother (be) ________ in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet. 18/ His dog (just run) __________ out of the garden. 19/ Mr Brown (travel) __________ by air several times in the past. 20/ He (travel) ___________ to Mexico by air last summer. * 3. * 3.* 3. * 3. SO SÁNH SO SÁNHSO SÁNH SO SÁNH THÌ THÌTHÌ THÌ PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECTPRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT VÀ VÀVÀ VÀ THÌ THÌTHÌ THÌ PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUSPRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Present perfect Present perfectPresent perfect Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ kết quả của một tình trạng ở hiện tại (the result of the present state), một việc xảy ra trong quá khứ không rõ thời điểm, lập đi lập lại nhiều lần và kéo dài đến hiện tại. + Thì Present PresentPresent Present Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ sự tiếp diễn của một hành động (the continuity of an action) cho tới hiện tại. - I have been waiting for forfor for two hours, but she has not come yet. - He has been living here since sincesince since 1975. - We have been working in the garden all allall all morning. + Thì Present Perfect Continuous Present Perfect ContinuousPresent Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous còn được dùng với các động từ như : lie, lie,lie, lie, wait, sit, wait, sit, wait, sit, wait, sit, stand, study, learn, live, rest, stay… stand, study, learn, live, rest, stay…stand, study, learn, live, rest, stay… stand, study, learn, live, rest, stay… - They have been learning English since 1995. - The chair has been lying in the store window for ages. Exercise III Exercise IIIExercise III Exercise III : : : : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the present perfect Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the present perfectPut the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the present perfect Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense. continuous tense.continuous tense. continuous tense. 1/ I (try) __________ to learn French for years, but I (not succeed) __________ yet. 2/ She (read) _________ all the works of Dickens.How many (you read) _________ ? 3/ I (wait) __________ here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; do you think she (forget) __________ to come ? 4/ Mary (rest) __________ in the garden all day because she (be) __________ ill. 8 5/ Although John (study) __________ at the University for 5 years, he (not get) __________ his degree yet. 6/ Jack (go) __________ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never, be) __________ there. 7/ We (live) __________ here for the last six months, and (just, decide) __________ to move. 8/ That book ( lie) __________ on the table for weeks. You (not read) _________ it yet ? 9/ He (not be) ___________ here since Christmas; I wonder where he (live) __________ since then. 10/ He (lose) ___________ his books. He (look) ____________ for them all afternoon, but they (not turn up) ___________ yet. 11/ She (work) ___________ so hard this week that she (not have) ___________ time to go to the cinema. 12/ Your hair is wet. (You swim) __________ for a long time ? 13/ Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive)__________ cars for six years. 14/ You look very tired. (You work) __________very hard ? 15/ The phone (ring) __________ for 2 minutes, but I (not answer) __________ it yet. Exercise IV : Exercise IV :Exercise IV : Exercise IV : Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses. Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses.Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses. Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses. 1/ I (be) __________ sorry. I (forget) __________ that fellow’s name already. 2/ Jack (look) __________ forward to his vacation next June. 3/ I (have) __________ no trouble with my english lessons up to now. 4/ Mr and Mrs Brown (be) ___________ in New York for 2 months. 5/ Michael (work) __________ 38 hours a week. 6/ At present, that author (write) ___________ a novel. 7/ George (do) __________ good work in this class so far. 8/ The weather( generally, get) __________ hot in July . 9/ You must wake her up. She (sleep) __________soundly for 10 hours. 10/ Listen! I (think) __________ someone (knock) __________ at the front door. 11/ How long (you learn) __________ English? 12/ That student (know) __________ all the new words very well now. 13/ Alice (lose) __________ her Vienamese-English dictionary. 9 14/ Fred (just, graduate) __________ from Oxford University. 15/ The earth (circle) __________ the sun once every 365 days. 16/ That grandfather clock (stand) __________ there for as long as I can remember. 17/ That brown briefcase (belong) __________ to Dr.Rice. 18/ Jim (work) __________ on his report this year. 19/ Robert (wait) __________ for you since noon. 20/ That museum (stand) ___________ here for ceturies. 21/ The sun (get) __________ very hot during the afternoon. 22/ Tom (buy) ___________ a new car next week. 23/ The boys and girls (go) ___________ home after this lesson. 24/ Davis (play) __________ football every afternoon. 25/ Up to the present, we (write) __________ almost every lesson in this book. * 4. 4. 4. 4. SO SÁNH SO SÁNHSO SÁNH SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PAST THÌ SIMPLE PASTTHÌ SIMPLE PAST THÌ SIMPLE PAST VÀ THÌ VÀ THÌVÀ THÌ VÀ THÌ PAST CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUSPAST CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS + Thì Simple Past Simple PastSimple Past Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động ngắn (thình lình) xảy ra trong quá khứ. - I met metmet met him in the street yesterday. + Thì Past Continuous Past ContinuousPast Continuous Past Continuous (Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động kéo dài trong quá khứ tương ứng với một hành động khác cũng trong quá khứ. - I met him while he was crossing was crossingwas crossing was crossing the street. - She was going was goingwas going was going home when she saw an accident. + Thì Past Continuous Past ContinuousPast Continuous Past Continuous còn diễn tả một hành động kéo dài tại điểm thời gian xác đònh ở quá khứ hoặc hai hành động liên tiếp song song với nhau. - My father was watching was watchingwas watching was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night. - I was doing was doingwas doing was doing my homework while my father was watching was watchingwas watching was watching TV. Exercise V : Exercise V :Exercise V : Exercise V : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense. Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense. Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense. 1/ He (sit) __________ in a bar when I (see) __________ him. 2/ When I (go) __________ out, the sun (shine) __________. 3/ The light (go) __________ out while I (have) __________ tea. 4/ When it (rain) __________ , she(carry) __________ an umbrella. 5/ We (walk) __________ to the station when it (begin) __________ to rain. 10 6/ He (teach) __________ English for 2 months when he (live) in Germany and (work) __________ as a journalist. 7/ The house (burn) __________ fast, so we (break) __________ the window to get out. 8/ He (eat) __________ three sandwiches while you (talk) __________ to him. 9/ The servant (drop) __________ two cups while she (wash up) __________ last night; neither of them (break) __________. 10/ While I (write) __________ a letter, the telephone (ring) __________; as he (go) __________ to answer it, he (hear) __________ a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) __________ while he (walk) __________ to the door, but just as he (open) __________ it, it (stop) __________. * 5. * 5.* 5. * 5. SO SÁNH THÌ SO SÁNH THÌSO SÁNH THÌ SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PASTSIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PAST VÀ THÌ VÀ THÌVÀ THÌ VÀ THÌ P PP PAST PERFECT AST PERFECTAST PERFECT AST PERFECT + Thì Past Perfect ( Past Perfect (Past Perfect ( Past Perfect (Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành) dùng để chỉ một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác cũng trong quá khứ (past action). - When he had finished had finishedhad finished had finished his work, he went home. - By the time I arrived at the station, the train had gone had gonehad gone had gone. + Thì Past Perfect Past PerfectPast Perfect Past Perfect còn diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một điểm thời gian xác đònh ở quá khứ. - By 10 o’clock last night, I had gone had gonehad gone had gone to bed. Exercise VI : Exercise VI :Exercise VI : Exercise VI : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect t Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tPut the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect t Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense enseense ense. 1/ They (go) __________ home after they (finish) __________ their work. 2/ He (do) _________ nothing before he (see) ___________ me. 3/ He (thank) __________ me for what I (do) __________ for him. 4/ I (be) __________ sorry that I (hurt) __________ him. 5/ After they (go) __________ , I (sit) __________ down and (rest) __________. 6/ When I (arrive), the dinner (already, begin) ______________. 7/ My friend (not see) __________ me for many years when I (meet) __________ last week. 8/ He (learn) __________ English before he (leave) __________ for England. 9/ In England, he soon (remember) __________ all he (learn) __________. 10/ They (tell) __________ him they (not meet) __________ him before. [...]...11/ He (ask) why we (come) so early 12/ She (say) that she (already, see) _ Dr Rice 13/ By the time Bill (get) there, the meeting (start) 14/ When we (arrive) at our place, we (find) that a burglar (break)... _ you as soon as she (finish) _ that letter 7/ He (tell) _ you when you (get) there 8/ She (not come) until you (be) _ ready 9/ He (tell) you when you (ask) him 12 10/ I (come) and (see) _ you before I (leave) for England * 8 PERFECT SO SÁNH THÌ FUTURE PERFECT VÀ THÌ FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Future Perfect (Tương Lai Hoàn Thành) được dùng... Perfect Continuous (Tương Lai Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) - By the time you receive this letter, we shall have been travelling through Russia - By next June, they will have been working in this factory for 12 years Exercise IX : Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, present perfect or future perfect tense tense 1/ I’ll wait until he (write) his next novel 2/ When you (come)... (not leave) _ Paris since we (go) _ to Dieppe three years ago 10/ My mother (come) to stay with us next weekend 11/ We (meet) only yesterday and (already decide) to get married 12/ I (never see) snow 13/ Violets (bloom) in spring 14/ We (not live) _ in England for the last two months 15/ I (lose) _ my keys; I cannot remember where I last (see) _ them... him 9/ When I (meet) him in the street, he (go) to the pictures 10/ I (study) _ English for six years now 15 11/ I expect he (leave) for France as soon as he (get) a visa 12/ He (visit) his friend yesterday and (find) _ that he (be) out 13/ They (sell) _ all the dresses before we (get) there 14/ After she (work) at the hospital for two years,... past participle) - If he had had a lot of money, he would have bought a bigger house - I would have taken you to the movie if you had come to see me yesterday * “If có thể được lược bỏ đi nếu có sự đảo ngữ (thường được dùng trong hình thức If” If nhấn mạnh) - Were I rich, I would help you (= If I were rich, I would help you.) - Had he known the truth, he would have been very angry (= If he had known... the book by Saturday, I (lend) _ it to you with pleasure 10/ They would not be paid unless they (do) _ their work well 11/ Provided he (not, be) _ interrupted, he can finish the work on time 12/ If it (be) _ convenient, let’s meet at three o’clock 13/ If I became very rich, I (build ) _ a hospital for the poor 14/ If he (give) _ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well... it (happen) _ in the middle of the day 11/ The talks between the two leaders keep breaking down If they (break down) _ again, it is possible that there (be) _ a war between the two countries 12/ If Alison (know) _ anything about car mechanics, I’m sure she (help) _ us fix the car, but I think she knows even less than we do 13/ They’ve been married for twenty years now but I don’t think... why it can’t get a full mark → 10/ I don’t have a typewriter I can’t type it myself → 11/ I’ll buy a new hat I’ll give it to you → 12/ You’ll ask the teacher He’ll explain the lesson to you → 13/ Mary doesn’t see the sight She can’t tell you about that → 14/ I don’t know his address... (publish) _ by that company next year 9/ Everything (go) _ well so far There (be) _ no trouble yet 10/ Who the book (write) _ by ? 11/ Think carefully I’m sure you (remember) _ his name 12/ The report (examine) _ now EXERCISE EXERCISE II : Turn into the passive voice 29 1/ He is running his own restaurant - 2/ The secretary opens the mails every morning . Thì biểu thò thời gian và trạng thái của hành động được diễn đạt bằng động từ. Có 12 thì ở dạng chủ động của động từ tiếng Anh. Để hiểu được hình thái của các thì, ta có thể nghiên. (eat) __________ before 6.30. 11/ She sometimes (buy) ___________ vegetables at his market. 12/ Be quiet. The baby (sleep) ____________. 13/ We always (do) ___________ our exercises carefully (not drink) __________ since this morning. 11/ It is very hot. Summer (come) __________. 12/ They (study) __________ at this school for 7 years now. 7 13/ They (begin) __________