Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và chấm dứt ở quá khứ có thời gian xác định.. Diễn tả một loạt hành động xảy ra kế tiếp nhau trong quá khứ :... Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại m
Trang 1ĐỀ CƯƠNG ANH VĂN LỚP 10 – BCB
NĂM HỌC: 2010- 2011
PHẦN TỰ LUẬN:
TOPIC 1: TENSES
1 Thì hiện tại đơn:
TO BE: + S + AM/ IS/ ARE + O.
ĐTT: + S + Vs,es / Vo + O.
* Cách dùng :
a Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại theo thói quen, phong tục và khả năng:
Ex: He usually goes to the cinema on Sundays
The Thai people eat rice
He speaks English very well
Cách dùng này thường kết hợp với các trạng từ chỉ thường xuyên như:
Every day / week / month , always, often, usually, seldom = rarely, never, sometimes , occasionally, once a day / a week / a month, twice a day / a week / a month
b Chân lý hoặc sự kiện đúng một cách hiển nhiên:
The earth goes round the sun
2 Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: S + AM/ IS/ ARE + VING + O
* Cách dùng:
a Diễn tả hành động đang diển ra ở hiện tại
Ex: What are you doing now? – I am studying English
Father is cutting grass in the garden at present
Cách dùng này thường được kết hợp với các từ dấu hiệu như: now, right now, at present, at the moment…
Các động từ gây chú ý như : Look ! Watch ! Listen ! Be careful! Be quiet ! …
b Diễn tả một hành động có tính chất tạm thời, không thường xuyên
Ex: John often gets up at seven o’clock, but this month he is on holiday and so he is getting up later.
We usually start work at 8 o’clock, but for this week only we are starting at 8:30
c Diễn tả một hoạch định tương lai.(thường đi với các động từ chỉ sự di động như: go, come, arrive …)
Ex: We are going to Hanoi next week
* CÁCH THÊM “ING” VÀO SAU ĐỘNG TỪ:
Cách 1 love - loving , take – taking, write – writing, hate – hating Nhưng : free – freeing
Cách 2: stop – stopping, run – running
Nhưng : fix – fixing, play – playing
greet – greeting, work – working
begín – begínning, prefér – preférring Nhưng: súffer – súffering, lísten – lístening
travel – traveling , travelling , signal – signaling , signalling
Cách 3: die – dying , tie – tying, lie – lying
Những động từ sau đây phải thêm một ‘k ’trước khi thêm ING
traffic – trafficking, panic – panicking, mimic – mimicking
3 Thì quá khứ đơn: S + WAS/ WERE + ….
S + VED/ V2 + O
Cách dùng:
a Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và chấm dứt ở quá khứ có thời gian xác định
Ex: I met her yesterday We learned Japanese last month
Cách dùng này thường đi với một số từ dấu hiệu như : ago, last, yesterday, in the past, năm hoặc sự kiện xãy ra trong quá khứ…
b Hành động xảy ra suốt một quảng thời gian trong quá khứ:
They lived with us for a year several years ago
During the spring vacation, the students went on a camping trip
c Hành động theo thói quen trong quá khứ:
Ex: While her husband was in the army, she wrote to him twice a week
Did he come to see you often? – Yes, he came every week
When I was a boy, I used to go swimming in this river
d Diễn tả một loạt hành động xảy ra kế tiếp nhau trong quá khứ :
Trang 2Ex: She drove into the car-park, got out of the car, closed all the windows, locked the doors, and walked towards the cinema (Cách dùng này thường được dùng khi thuật lại các câu chuyện xảy ra trong quá khứ)
* CÁCH THÊM “ED” VÀO SAU ĐỘNG TỪ:
Cách 1 Thêm –d vào sau các động từ tận cùng bằng e hoặc ee:
Ex: live – lived , agree – agreed
Cách 2 Những động từ 1 vần, tận cùng bằng 1 phụ âm, trước phụ âm là 1 nguyên âm (trừ h, w, x, y), chúng ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm trước khi thêm –ed
Ex: fit – fitted, stop – stopped
Nhưng: stay – stayed, play – played
study – studied, try – tried
heat – heated
4 Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn: S + WAS / WERE + V-ING + O
Cách dùng:
a Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại một điểm thời gian xác định trong quá khứ:
EX: At 5 o’clock yesterday, he was playing tennis
b Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra và kéo dài (hành động dài) thì có một hành động khác đồng thời xảy ra (có thể là
hđ dài hoặc hđ ngắn) HĐ dài chia ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, HĐ ngắn chia ở thì quá khứ đơn
Ex: When John arrived, it was raining heavily
While he was studying his lessons, I was watching TV
5 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành: S + HAS / HAVE + VED/ V3 + O.
Cách dùng:
a Diễn tả hành động xãy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định rỏ thời gian :
Ex: They have already visited London
I have lost my key
b Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và vẫn còn kéo dài đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Ex: Up to the present, we have done every exercise in this book
We have lived in this city for ten years
She has loved him since she was a little girl
c Hành động vừa mới xảy ra
Ex: I have just received a letter from my parents
Các từ sau đây thường kết hợp với thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
already, just, ever, recently = lately(vừa mới đây), never, before, It’s the first / second time, since, for, so far, until now =
up to now = up to present, since when, how long, serveral times, yet? , not … yet , in the last / past few years, for ages, for
Ex: Before 2 o’clock yesterday we had had lunch
We had come back home before midnight
We had had lunch before she arrived
We went out for a walk after we had had dinner
7 Thì tương lai đơn: S + WILL/ SHALL + V0 …
Cách dùng:
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai, hoặc một hành động sẽ diễn ra và kéo dài trong một quãng thời gian ở tương lai
Ex: Will he be here on time?
I shall telephone you tomorrow
Các từ dấu hiệu: next week/ year / month , tomorrow, in future = in the future, in 5 minutes, một số động từ chỉ tương lai: think, hope, promise, believe, sure …
EXERCISES
1 Simple tense or present continuous tense
1 Hurry up ! the bus (come ) I (not want )to miss it
2 Listen ! somebody (sing )
3 How often (you /read )a newspaper ?
4 The sun always( rise )in the east Look! it( rise )now
Trang 35 I (hear) you ,I know what you (say )
6 The concert (start) at 7.30 this evening
7.Ann ,We go to town ,(you /come )with us ?
8.She (have ) coffee for breakfast every morning
9 I (see) that you( wear )your best clothes
10 She sometimes (buy ) vegetables at this market
2 Present perfect tense or present continuous tense
1 I try to (earn)Enlish for years but I(not succeed )yet
2 Mary(rest)in the garden all day because she (be ) ill
3 She (work ) so hard this week that she (not have time ) to go to the movie
4.that book (lie ) on the table for weeks You (not read it yet ?
5 He (not be ) here since Christmas I wonder where he (live ) since then
6.Jack (go to Paris for a holiday He never(be ) there
6 You (sleep so far ?I ( ring)the bell for the last twenty minutes
8 He(write ) a novel for two years ,but he (not finish ) it yet
10 I (see) that film several times because I like it
3 Supply the correct verb form : simple past or present perfect
1 We ( study ) a very hard lesson the day befor yesterday
2 I ( read ) that novel by Hemingway several times before
3 We ( study)almost every lesson in this book so far
4 My wife and I ( travel ) to Mexico by air last summer
5 I ( have ) a little trouble with my car last week
6 What you ( do ) yesterday ?
7 How long you ( learn ) English ?
8.Tom (never be ) in Ha Noi
9 The plane ( stop) at a small town It then (take ) off immediately after refuelling
10 She (be ) so happy when she (hearn ) the news that she ( cry )
4 Supply the correct verbs form : simple past or past continuous tense
1 When I (arrive)at her house ,she still ( sleep )
2.She (water ) the flowers in the garden while her nextdoor neighbor ( chat ) with her over the fence 3.As we ( cross ) the street , we see an accident
4 The bell ( ring ) while Tom ( take ) a bath
5 She (hear)a noise and (get ) out of the bed when the door ( open )
6 The children( play ) football when their mother ( come )back
7 Who (be /) that man that you (talk /) to? I (see ) him at the gate when I (come ) in
8 We ( wait ) for the bus when he (pass) in his car and (offer) us a lift
9 I ( be) very tired because I ( work ) all day yesterday
10.When the students ( hear ) the bell , they ( get )up and (leave )
5 Simple past or past perfect ?
1.He ( forget ) what I ( tell ) him I( remind )him many times but he still ( not bring ) what I want
2 He ( ask ) me whether I ( see ) his pen on the table I ( tell ) him that I ( not see ) it around
3.If I ( wait ) only a little while longer ,I would have met her
4 They ( go ) home after they (finish )their homework
5 when we came to the stadium ,the match ( already begin )
6 They told me they ( not eat ) that kind of food before
7 After they had gone ,I ( sit ) down and (rest )
8 After taking a bath , He ( go ) to bed
9 What he ( be ) when he ( be ) young ?
10 It was the first timeI ( ever see ) such a beautiful girl
Trang 46 Simple future or Simple present
1 we ‘ll go out when the rain ( stop )
2 I( stay ) here until he ( answer ) me
3 Wait until I ( catch ) you
4 She ( not come ) until you (/ be ) ready
5 Miss Hellen ( help ) you as soon as she ( finish ) that letter tomorrow
6 After the class ( be ) over ,ask the teacher about that sentence
7 I (come ) and (see ) you before I leave
8 We ( go ) home as soon as we have finished our work
9 I ( wait ) here until you (come ) back tomorrow
10 I ( send ) you some postcards as soon as I ( arrive ) in London
7 Mixed types:
1 Columbus ……… (discover) America more than 400 years ago.
2 It ……….(rain) very hard now.
3 The sun ……….(warm) the air and ……….(give) us light.
4 They ……….(come) here a month ago.
5 Look! A man ……….(run) after the train.
6 We ……….(go) to the mountains last Sunday.
7 They ……….(come) here a month ago.
8 Albert Einstein ……….(die) on 18, 1955.
9 I ……….(have) lunch with Dong yesterday.
10 They ……….(come) to see me this morning.
11 She ……….(go) to school everyday.
12 Bad students never ……….(work) hard.
13 It often ……….(rain) in the summer It ……….(rain) now.
14 The teacher always ……….(point) at the black – board when he ……….(want) to explain something.
15 Mother ……….(cook) some food in the kitchen at the moment, she always ……….(cook) in the morning.
16 I always ……….(meet) him on the corner of this street.
17 Where ……… You ……… (go) now? – I ……….(go) to the theater.
18 He ……….(not do) morning exercises regularly.
19 ………… he ……….(do) morning exercises now?
20 Nam ……….(buy) several records last week.
21 What ……… you ……….(do) yesterday?
22 They ……….(finish) their dinner half an hour ago.
23 Water ……….(boil) at 100 degrees centigrade.
24 The factory ……….(begin) operation last year.
25 He ……… (meet) the dentist next week.
26 ………… You ……… (be) a good student?
27 They …… usually ………… (not go) to school by motorbike.
28 He ……… (swim) overthere now.
29 I ……… (get) a special present on my last birthday.
30 She ……… (come) here next month.
31 They ……… (not see) Mr Thanh last night.
32 They ……… (not be) doctors.
33 He often ……… (get) up late.
34 ……… you often ……….(watch) TV?
35 Mr Brown ……… (listen) to music now?
36 I usually ……… (go) shopping on weekend.
37 Hai often ………(wash) his face at 6.15.
38 .she ………(play) badminton at the moment?
39 Thanh and Mai always ………(see) a movie on Saturday.
40 ………….he often ………(take) a bus to school?
41 We ………(be) student in class 8A.
42 She ………… often ………(not do) homework in the evening.
Trang 544 They ……… Usually ………(not go) to school by bike.
45 ………… They ………(be) beautiful?
46 Manh ………(not play) soccer at the moment.
47 Minh ………(play) shess with Nam at the moment.
48 They often ………(visit) their parents on Saturday.
49 ……….she ………(study) now?
50 My and I always ………(go) to the countryside.
51 He ………(not be) at home now.
52 Hanh ………(not read) book at the moment.
53 Our teacher usually ………(give) us many exercises.
54 He often ………(catch) a train to work.
55 The cat ………(catch) mouse.
56 They ………(plant) trees overthere at the moment
57 My old friend, Manh ………(write) to me twice a month.
58 What she says ………(be) true.
59 Where ………… she ………(buy) her breakfast every morning?
60 Bien ………… often ………(not phone) to me.
TOPIC 2: Wh- questions ( câu hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu bằng Wh)
- Câu hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu bằng –Wh cho phep người hỏi tim ra được cac thông tin về các chủ đề như sau
When ? ( khi nào ?) Time ( thời gian)
Where ? (ở đâu ?) place (nơi chốn)
Why ? ( tại sao ?) reason ( lý do)
How ? ( như thế nao ?) manner (cách thức)
What ? ( cái gì ? ) object, idea,action (vật thể, ý
kiến, hanh động)
- Một số từ để hỏi khac giup người hỏi tim kiếm được những thông tin cụ thể
Which one ? ( cái nào ) Choice of alternatives( lựa chọn)
How much ? ( bao nhiêu?) price,amount (non-count) gia cả, số lượng( danh từ không đếm được) How many ? (bao nhieu?) Quantity (count) số lượng (danh từ đếm được)
How long ? ( bao lâu?) Duration ( quá trình)
How often ? ( bao lâu 1 lần) Frequency( mức độ thường xuyên)
What kind of? ( loại nào?) Description (miêu tả)
Structures:
Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi thường có các cấu trúc sau:
1.Đối với câu có động từ "To be":
Ex: I'm interested in Maths
He is looking for Mr David
She was at home
There is a lillte of water in the bottle
2.Đối với câu có động từ khiếm khuyết: WH- + BE + S + ?
WH- + ĐTKK(can, could ) + S + ?
Trang 6Ex: I may come back next month
She will get there by taxi
Minh must go because his mother was ill
3.Đối với câu có động từ thường: Ex: I got married in 2006
She buys some food at a store near her house
Nam and Mai like listening to music
My son has three pencils
4 Đối với câu có động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành: Ex: She has been here for an hour
They had lived in Can Tho City before 1989
I has gone with my friends to the countryside
Exercise 1: Make the questions for the following sentences. 1 My aunt and uncle live in Chicago.Where
2 We often have dinner at 7:00 pm What time
3 I am reading an English book at the moment What
4 It takes me 30 minutes to go to school How long
5 She speaks English very fluently How
6 I have written over twenty novels How many
7 This street is twenty kilometers long How long
8 I spent 10 dollars on this shirt How much
9 I have been learning English for 5 years How long
10 She will be married to a rich man Who
11 Tom goes to the library twice a week How often
12 I went to school late because I missed the bus Why
13 She is a doctor What
14 They were watching a game show What
15 He like studying Math What subject
16 The weather is very nice in this country what
17 She was born in Dam Doi In 1985 Where and when
18 She wanted to become an English teacher What
19 They are cutting trees in the forest for wood For what
20 There are forty-five students in my class How many
21 They do their homework at night When
22 Mr Robertson came to the party alone Who
23 The car is across the street from the house Where
24 She felt better after she took a nap How
25 My sister called her boyfriend yesterday When
26 That is an English book What
27 She talked to him for an hour How long
28 She was eating a sandwich What
29 Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz What
30 He is going to work right now Where
31 They do their homework at night When .
WH- + DO/ DOES/ DID + S + Vo ?
WH- + HAVE/ HAS/ HAD + S + Ved/V3 ?
Trang 733 The car is across the street from the house Where
34 I like the red blouse, not the blue one Which
35 She felt better after she took a nap How
36 That is an English book What
37 My sister called her boyfriend yesterday When
38 She talked to him for an hour How long
39 He studies piano at the university What
40 The party lasted all night How long
41 The check was for $5.50 How much
42 She was eating a sandwich What
43 She is working hard What
44 My parents have two cars How many
45 They are coming to visit tomorrow When
46 He is going to work right now Where
47 The man with the white hat is my brother Who
48 I don’t get up early because I like to sleep late Why
49 We have an English class every day How often
50 They like to dance on weekends What
Exercise 2: Make question for the underlined part of the sentence: 1 She is cleaning the floor
2 Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz
3 I didn’t bring my dictionary today
4 They are singing popular songs
5 They do their homework in the morning
6 My best friend is Nam
7 We have known each other for 5 years
8 They are making a big cake
9 She can sing very well
10 My father has been to more than twenty countries in the world
11 She usually goes to school by bike
12 It takes me an hour to do the homework
13 Mary will meet her husband tomorrow
14 A car will be driven here
15 Twenties books has been sold this month
16 About 8 people were injured in the accident
17 She is talking to the president
18 They will have finished the project by next summer
19 He should lend her some money
20 He bought this book in Ha Noi
21 They are going to visit Ha Long Bay this summer
22 Teachers usually give students a lot of exercises
23 He is punished because his laziness
24 He usually goes to the field at 6:00 every morning
25 A famous singer will come to the concert
26 I met Peter at the airport yesterday
27 The weather in the South of Vietnam is very hot
28 The first World Cup was held in Uruguay in 1930
29 Uruguay became the champion in the first World cup
30 New York City is located in the Southeastern part of New York State
31 The population of New York is seven million
32 The area of New York is 946 square kilometer
33 They have got three children
34 They were on holiday for three days
Trang 835 The game last 90 minutes
36 This car costs one thousand dollars
37 This book is twenty VND
38 This house belongs to me
39 My car is blue
40 She is very friendly
41 My favorite singer is Dan Truong
42 Her name is Daisy
43 She is from London
44 She usually has milk for breakfast
45 She didn’t come to the party because she was sick
46 She was punished because she was lazy
47 We don’t understand the lesson because it was difficult
48 They will send me a postcard
49 They were having dinner when he came
50 She goes to the library three times a week
Exercise 3: Make questions for the following responses: 1.I like the red one ………
2.He likes watching TV in his free time ………
3.The child admires his mother most
4.Nam had luch in the restaurant near the office
5.We met each other in December,this year
6.They think he is a nice guy
7.Because the teacher was so sick,we had a lesson off
8.There are 35 students in the class
9.It costs 90,000VND
10.She has been living in Hanoi for four years
TOPIC 3: GERUND AND INFINITIVE
I FUNCTIONS OF GERUND (Chức năng của Gerund):
1 Subject for a verb : (Làm chủ ngữ cho động từ )
EX: Swimming is good for your health
Smoking is not good for your health
2 Object for some verbs (Làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ) :
admit, advise, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, finish, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand, keep, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall, recommend, resent, suggest, hate, love, like, start, begin, forget, remember, stop, regret, continue, acknowledge, endure(chịu đựng, cam chịu), imagine, justify, resist (kháng cự, chống lại), feel like, forgive, risk, tolerate.
* Công thức: S + V+ GERUND (V-ING) + O
Trang 9Ex: I like playing football She admited stealing a bike Nam can’t stand living alone
3 Object for preposition (Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ):
tobe interested in: thích, quan tâm tobe fond of: thích tobe bored with: buồn chán tobe fed up with: thích tobe afraid of: sợ tobe surprised at: ngạc nhiên về tobe worried about: lo lắng về… tobe amused at: thích tobe amazed at: kinh ngạc về …
tobe famous for: nổi tiếng về… tobe different from: khác với… tobe good/ bad at: giỏi/ tệ về… tobe excited at/ about: thích thú, hào hứng tobe frightened of: sợ hãy tobe keen on: thích tobe pleased with: hài lòng với… tobe relaxed with: thư giản tobe exhausted at: mệt tobe busy with: bận rộn với… tobe absent from: vắng mặt từ…
to rely on: trông cậy vào tobe present at: có mặt, hiện diện tobe tired of: mệt mõi
tobe terrified of: khiếp sợ, kinh hãi tobe nervous of: hồi hộp, lo lắng tobe successful in: thành công về
to be used to: quen với to get used to: quen với to think of/ about: suy nghĩ về…
to give up: từ bỏ to depend on: phụ thuộc vào to insit on: khăng khăng
* Công thức: S + cụm giới từ + GERUND + O
EX: I am interested in playing football They are fond of watching films
Gerund Gerund
4 Object for some phrases and expressions (Làm tân ngữ cho một số cụm từ và thành ngữ):
to look forward to, It’s no use, It’s no good, It’s worth, have difficulty + gerund
5 Một số động từ theo sau có thể dùng Gerund or To Infinitive đều không thay đổi nghĩa:
begin, start, hate, prefer, continue, like, intend, attempt.
Ex: I hate to see you = I hate seeing you.
6 Một số động từ theo sau dùng Gerund nghĩa khác dùng To infinitive nghĩa khác: stop , remember, forget, regret, try
Sau các động từ " Remember, forget, regret, stop, try" ta cĩ thể dùng danh động từ(Ving) hoặc đt nguyên mẫu cĩ "to" nhưng phải dựa vào nghĩa của nĩ trong câu
1 Remember, forget, regret: khi đi với "To infinitive" thì chỉ hành động tương lai cịn khi đi với
Ex: When you see her, (remember) to send her my letter
I remember (put) my hat somewhere in this room
b.FORGET + TO V ( quên thực hiện nhiệm vụ,bổn phận)
FORGET + V-ing ( quên điều đã xảy ra)
Ex:Sam often forget (lock) the door
I’ll never forget (see) her for the first time
Note: Forget + V-ing thường dùng trong câu hỏi hoặc câu phủ định với các cấu trúc:I’ll never
forget, I can’t forget, Have you ever forgotten,Can you ever forget
c.REGRET + TO V (lấy làm tiếc để làm gì)
REGRET + V-ing (hối tiếc điều đã xảy ra)
Ex: I regret (lend) him some money.He never pays me back
I regret (say) that you've failed the exam
2.STOP + TO V: ngừng lại để làm việc gì
STOP + TO V: ngừng hẳn việc đang làm,bỏ làm gì
Ex: He stopped (smoke)
He stopped (smoke)
3.TRY + TO V (cố gắng làm điều gì → cĩ kết quả tốt)
Trang 10TRY + V-ing (Thử làm điều gì → thử nghiệm)
Ex: I will try (help) you
He tried ( garden) but he didn't succeed
II INFINITIVE WITH TO:
1 Làm chủ ngữ:
Eg: To love is to give
To find my house is easy
To save money now is necessary
2 Bổ ngữ của động từ:
Eg: Our duty is to study harder.
3 Làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ.(Theo sau một số động từ quy định)
afford, agree, appear, attempt, arrange, ask, beg, care, claim, decide, demand, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, struggle, threaten, volunteer, wait, want, wish
4 Verbs followed by a pro(noun) + an infinitive:
advise, allow, ask, arrange, beg, cause, challenge, convince, dare, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, invite, need, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, tell, urge, want, warn, teach, instruct (dạy, hướng dẫn, thông báo), get, would like, would prefer
5 Dùng làm tân ngữ của tính từ:
unable, afraid, amused, annoyed(làm bực mình,chọc tức), anxious, astonished(làm ngạc nhiên), certain, delighted, determined(xác định), eager, easy, good, glad, grateful, happy, hard, fortunate(may mắn, đem lại vận may), pleased, prepared, ready, safe, surprised, wonderful, worry
Eg: I’m glad to see you again
We are unable to solve the problem
6 Chỉ mục đích:
EX: We study hard to pass the exam
We go to school to widen our knowledge
III INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO:
Động từ nguyên mẫu không TO được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
1 Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết: can, may,must, will, shall, could, should, might, ought to, would
Eg: He can speak 3 languages
2 Sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như: feel, hear, see, watch, let, percieve = notice(nhận thấy), mark (để
ý thấy), observe (chú ý thấy), beheld (trông thấy), hard at (lắng nghe)
Eg: I saw him unlock the door
He made me study hard (câu chủ động)
She let the ball fall onto the floor.
3 Sau các động từ như: had better, would rather, have to, used to
Eg: We would rather wait till tomorrow.
You had better put your money in the bank
4 Sau DARE (dám), DAREN’T, NEED (cần) , NEEDN’T
Ex: He dare jump off the tree = He dares to jump off the tree
She need buy two kilos of seasoning powder = She needs to buy two kilos of seasoning powder
5 Sau CAN BUT(chỉ có thể), CANNOT BUT (Bắt buộc phải):
Ex: I can but do my best = I can only do my best.
I cannot but think that you want to deceive me = I must think that you want to deceive me.
6 Sau các động từ như: make, help, let, bid/bade/ bade (bảo, buộc) với cấu trúc:
S + VERB + OBJECT + V0
EX: What makes you laugh? Please help me carry this heavy bag We let him go He bade me sit down
7 Sau AND, BUT, OR, EXCEPT, THAN:
Khi hai Infinitives được nối kết bằng AND, BUT, OR, EXCEPT, THAN thì động từ thứ nhì thường là V0
Trang 11We had nothing to do except look at the poster (bức quảng cáo phim) outside the cinema
EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form.
1 He wanted (see) _the house where the president was born.
2 He is expected (arrive) _in a few days.
3 I would like him (go) _ to a university but I can’t (make) him go.
4 I am looking forward (see) _ you.
5 I arranged (meet) _them there.
6 He urged us (work) _faster.
7 I wish (see) _the manager.
8 It is no use (wait) _him.
9 He warned her (not touch) _the wire.
10 Don’t forget (clock) _the door before (go)
_to bed.
11 My mother told me (not speak) _too anyone about it.
12 He tried (explain) _but she refused (listen)
_.
13 At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) _between the courses.
14 He decided (disguise) himself by (dress) _as a women.
15 I am prepared (wait) _here all night if necessary.
16 Would you mind (show) _me how (work)
_the lift.
17 After (walk) _three hours we stopped (rest)
_and let the others (catch) _up with us.
18 I am beginning (understand) _what you mean.
19 The boy likes (play) _games but hates (do)
exercises.
20 I regret (inform) _you that your application has been refused.
21 I don’t allow (smoke) _in my drawing-room.
22 I don’t allow my family (smoke) _at all.
23 He surprised us all by (go) _away without (say)
‘Good-bye’.
24 Please go on (write) _; I don’t mind _ (wait).
25 He wore glasses (avoid) (be) _recognized.
26 Before (give) _evidence you must swear (speak) _the truth.
27 I tried (persuade) him (agree) _with your proposal.
28 Your windows need (clean) .Would you like me (do) _them for you.
29 Would you mind (shut) _the window? I hate (sit) _in a draught.
30 I can’t help (sneeze) ; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _in a draught.
31 Stop (talk) _; I am trying (finish) _a letter.
32 His doctor advised him (give) _up (jog) _.
33 My watch keeps (stop) _.
34 People used (make) _fire by (rub) _two sticks together.
35 He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).
36 If you go on (let) _your dog (chase) _cars he will end by (be) _run over.
37 I prefer (drive) _to (be) _driven.
38 I advise you (start) _ (look) _for a flat at once.
39 Would you mind (lend) _me some money? I forgot (cash) a cheque.
Trang 1240 (Lie) _on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _in the office.
41 She like her children (go) _to the dentist every six months.
42 An instructor is coming (show) _us how (use) _the machine.
43 I have no intention of (go) _to that film; I couldn’t bear (see)
_my favorite actress in such dreadful part.
44 I suggest (telephone) _the hospitals before (ask) _the police (look) _for him.
45 After (hear) _the conditions I decided (not enter) _for the competition.
46 Some people seem (have) _the passion for (write) _to the newspapers.
47 He expects me (answer) _by return but I have no intention of (reply)
_at all.
48 He postponed (make) _a decision until it was too late (do)
_anything.
49 Try (forget) _it; It isn’t worth (worry) _about it.
50 There is no point in (remain) _in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help) _the people who have (stay) _ there.
51 The horse won’t be well enough (run) _in tomorrow’s race He doesn’t seem (have) _recovered from his long journey.
52 At first I enjoyed (listen) _to him but after a while I got tired of (hear)
_the same story again and again.
53 It is usually easier (learn) _a subject by (read) _books than by (listen) _ to lectures.
54 It wouldn’t be safe (start) _down now; we will have (wait) _till the mist clears.
55 After (discuss) _the matter for an hour the committee adjourned without (have) _ reached any decision.
56 It’s not much use (have) _a bike if you don’t know how (use)
_it.
57 I distinctly remember (pay) _him I gave him 2$.
58 Did you remember (give) _him the key of the safe? - No, I didn’t I will go and
do it now.
59 Please forgive me for (interrupt) _you but would you mind (repeat)
_that last sentence.
60 He made a lot of money by (buy) _tickets in advance and (sell)
_them twice the price on the day of the match.
61 He keeps (ask) me the time and I keep (tell) _him (buy) _himself a watch.
62 I’m not in a hurry I don’t mind (wait) _for you.
63 I’ll lend you the book when I’ve finished (read) _it.
64 How old were you when you learned (drive) _.
65 My father gave up (smoke) _three years ago.
66 Would you mind (keep) _silent? I’m trying (study) _.
67 I always try to avoid _ (borrow) money from my friends.
68 The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed _ (get) to school on time.
69 Could you please stop _ (make) so much noise?
70 I hope _ (run) in the marathon next month.
71 Look! It’s started _ (rain) again.
72 It was too late, so we decided _ (take) a taxi home.
73 My sister always enjoys _ (listen) to classical music.
74 I’ve put off _ (write) the letter so many times I really must do it today.
75 Sarah gave up _ (try) to find a job in this country and decided _ (go) abroad.
76 You can’t stop me _ (do) what I want.
77 They don’t have much money They can’t afford _ (go) out very often.
78 I’m still looking for a job but I hope _ (find) something soon.
79 My mother can’t stand _ (stay) at home without doing anything.
80 You must promise _ (not / be) late again.
Trang 13TOPIC 4: The + Adjective
Used to + infinitive Which as a connector
I.The + adjective:
-Ta có thể thành lập danh từ tập hợp bằng cách thêm "the" vào trước tính từ
Old the old: young the young:
Poor the poor rich
Injured sick
Unemployed wrong
-Danh từ tập hợp (the+adj) được xem như danh từ số nhiều nên động từ theo sau nó được chia ở số nhiều Ex: The rich also cry The poor in our country need help from the society II.Used to + infinitive: 1.Công thức: -Câu khẳng định: -Câu phủ định: Câu hỏi: Ex: Tôi thường đi bộ đến trường
Nó thường không hoạt động tốt
Bạn có từng khiêu vũ không?
2.Cách dùng: -"Used to +Vo" được dùng để diễn tả một thói quen hoặc một tình trạng trong quá khứ Ex: He used to swim when he was six There used to be a hotel opposite the station, but it closed a long time ago. 3.So sánh "used to" và "be used to":
Chỉ thói quen hay việc thường làm trong quá khứ
Chỉ một việc ta quen làm ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai be used to=get used to =be accustomed to Ex:My mother getting up early every day Tom has the cold weather since he came here He cry for candies She didn't be patient III.Which as a connector: -"Which" có thể được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ để thay thế cho cả mệnh đề phía trước Ex: She arrived on time This amazed everybody
The +Adjective = Noun S +did +not + use to +Vo
S + used to + Vo Did +S + use to +Vo ?
S + used to + Vo
(thường,đã từng) S + be used to + Ving/ Noun
(quen với)
Trang 14Tom was late That surprised me.
Sheila couldn't come to the party It was a pity
a.WHO: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người.
Đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm chủ từ cho động từ đứng sau nó
Ex: The man gave me some advice on jogging He was a famous doctor
That is the girl She has won the medal
Do you know the boy? He broke the window lastnight
b.WHOM: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người.
Đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm túc từ cho động từ đứng sau nó.
Ex: The woman is my aunt You saw her yersterday
He is one of the excellent students I know him
She is the secretary You are looking for her
c WHICH: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật.
Đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ cho động từ đứng sau nó.
Ex: This is the book I like it best
The hat is mine It is red
The dress is very beautiful She bought it yesterday
d.THAT: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người và vật.
"That" có thể được dùng thay cho " who, whom, which" trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn
( không đứng sau dấu phẩy).
Ex: The book was a love story I read it yesterday
My father is the person I admire him most
Can you help me find the man? He saved the girl
e.WHOSE: là một đại từ quan hệ.
Đứng sau danh từ chỉ người và thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ "Whose" cũng được dùng cho vật (whose= of which)
Trang 15Ex:The boy is Tom You borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
John found a cat Its leg was broken
3.Phân loại: Có 2 loại mệnh đề quan hệ: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định ( giới hạn) và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( không giới hạn) a.Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định:(defining relative clause) -Là loại mệnh đề cần thiết, không thể bỏ đi vì danh từ trước nó chưa xác định, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa Ex: The man who keeps the school library is Mr Green.
This is the book that I like best.
b.Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định:(non-defining relative clause): -Là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết vì danh từ trước nó đã được xác định, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa -Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bởi dấu phẩy *Cách nhận biết mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: dựa vào danh từ đứng trước mệnh đề quan hệ Nếu danh từ đứng trước là danh từ xác định thì mệnh đề sau nó là mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (và ngược lại).Danh từ xác định là những danh từ riêng , danh từ có các tính từ bổ nghĩa trước nó như "this, that, these, those", "my, his,her, your, their, our" hoặc có cụm giới từ bổ nghĩa sau nó Ex:That man is Mr Pike You saw him yesterday
This is Mrs Jones She helped me last week
Mary has won an Oscar I know her sister
*Không dùng "that" trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn ( Trong các ví dụ trên, ta không thể dùng "that" thay cho "whom, who, whose" vì đây là những mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn)
Exercise 1: Use who, whom or which to combine the two sentences
Trang 161 The girl is hospital now She was injured in the accident
2 I know a shop It sells really good meat
3 The boy is very nice I know him from school
4 The shoes are too big My mother bought them for me
5 I still have the book You gave me that book
6 A river is not safe for swimming It is polluted
7 The doctor was very gentle He examined the sick child
8 The man standing over there I was telling you about him
9 The meeting was interesting I went to it
10 I like the dress She was wearing it
11 We don’t like the stories They don’t have happy endings
12 The milk was very good We had it this morning
13 Thank you very much for the gift You gave it to me last time
14 The book was too expensive I wanted to buy it
15 The girl is really intelligent We admire her
Exercise 2: Use whose, where, when to combine the two sentences: 1 The city was famous for its food We spent our vacation in that city 2 This is the story of a man His wife suddenly loses her memory 3 They have just rebuilt the building I work in that building 4 The building is very modern She lives in that building 5 Yesterday I met a woman Her son is a doctor 6 The woman is a teacher Her daughter is my classmate 7 1983 is the year She was born in that year 8 I feel sorry for the boy His parents were dead 9 The man is very friendly His wife is very beautiful 10 I will show you the second-hand bookshop You can find valuable books in this shop. Exercise 3: Combine the two sentences using relative pronouns or relative adverbs: 1 Ba likes playing the guitar He lives on Trang Tien Street 2 Neil Armstrong lived in USA He first walked on the moon 3 Miss Lien is my English teacher She sings very well 4 The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish The Nile is in Egypt 5 The movie Harry Potter is coming soon I’m longing to see it 6 Peter is studying French and German He has been abroad 7 We are moving to Manchester Manchester is the North West 8 I’ll stay with Adrian His brother is one of my closet friends 9 Cuc phuong is a famous nation park I came there along time ago 10 Thu wants to drink some medicine She had a headache. Exercise 4: Combine these sentences, using relative pronouns: 1.The girl chatted with him yesterday She arrived here at 6:30
2.I will introduce to you the man He is sharing the flat with me
3.My phone is out of order It’s a real nuisance
Trang 174.I’m reading a book I bought it in Sydney in 1996.
5.The mechanic is an experienced one I sent for him to repair my motorbike
6.You left the key in your car That was rather careless of you
7.The architect design these flats He has moved to HCM city
8.I must thank the people I got a present from them
9.Oxford university has many colleges It’s one of the oldest one in the world
10.The police blocked up the road This caused a traffic jam
11.This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last year
12.Mary has won an Oscar.I know her sister
Exercise 5: Combine the two sentences using relative pronouns or relative adverbs 1 The building seems new now It was very old
2 I went to see a doctor He told me to rest for a few days
3 A friend helped me to get a job His father is the manager of the company
4 He protested to a woman Her dog bit him
5 I was waiting in a chair It suddenly collapsed .
6 Please post the letters I wrote them this morning
7 I will introduce you to a man His support is necessary for your project
8 A man brought in a small girl Her hand had been cut
9 A man said Tom was out He answered the phone
10 The problem has been discussed in class We are very interested in it
11 A lot of fish died everyday They live in the polluted sea
12 We have a new teacher I really like her
13 She‘ll tell you the story That story will surprise you
14 The girl is now in hospital She was injured in the accident .
15 A waitress served us She was very impolite and impatient
16 A building has now been rebuilt It was destroyed in the fire
17 A bus goes to the airport It runs every half an hour
18 The book is about the girl She runs away from home
19 The man was very kind I talk to him yesterday
20 She is the woman I told you about her
21 The man works in the hospital I told you about him
22 The picture was very beautiful She was looking at it
23 I’ll give you the address You should write to it
24 The movie is very fantastic They are talking about it
Trang 1825 The woman teaches me English You are listening to her
26 The people are getting wet They are waiting for the bus in the rain
27 The fence is made from wood It surrounds our house
28 Her book is widely read It is well- written
29 Alice is my friends Alice’s mother died in an accident last year
30 The secretary gives you information She sits at the first desk on the right
31 The young man is talking to our teacher He is Ba’s brother
32 We visited the monument The famous engineer built it more than 50 years ago
33 Mr Phong is our geography teacher He has been teaching in our school for ten years
34 Lan took some change She wanted to buy some drink
35 The doctor has moved to a new house He looked after my family
36 The man is my English teacher You spoke to him in the street last night
37 The books are for reference They are on the stacks near the librarian
38 Is that the car? You want to buy it
39 Students will be punished Their homework is late
40 Henry was in a very bad mood His car had been broken down
41 Teacher’s Day is the day Pupils show their gratitude to their teacher on that day
42 The last summer holidays were the time We had a lot of fun at that time
43 New Year’s Day is the day All family members gather and enjoy a family dinner on that day
44 One day last week I visited that village The people there grew many beautiful flowers
45 We visited the monument The famous engineer built it more than 50 years ago
46 Mr Phong is our geography teacher He has been teaching in our school for ten years
47 The boys are very interesting in football It is a popular game all over the world
48 Quynh Dao is a famous writer Quynh Dao’s works are widely read all over the world
49 Mona was painted by Leonardo De Vinci It has been popular for long
50 The professor is excellent I am taking his course
TOPIC 6: The present progressive (with future meaning) "Be going to" I.The present progressive:( thì hi ệ n t ạ i ti ế p di ễ n) 1.Công thức: -Câu khẳng định: -Câu phủ định: - Câu hỏi: 2.Cách dùng: -Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói. Ex: I (read) a book now At the moment, she (cook) dinner -Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả một kế hoạch tương lai đã được sắp xếp ( tương lai gần). Ex: My wife has an appointment with a doctor She (see) Dr David next Tuesday They have already made their plan They (leave) at noon tomorrow II Be going to: S +am/ is/ are + not+ Ving
S +have/ has +not +Ved/ V3
S +am/ is/ are + Ving Am/ Is/ Are + S +Ving ?
Have/ Has +S +Ved/V3 ?
Trang 19Ex: People (choose) a new president.
.you (visit) Dalat this year?
-"Be going to" còn dùng để chỉ một dự đoán, 1 điều sẽ xảy ra dựa vào 1 tình huống cụ thể.
Ex: Tom is a good student He (pass) the exam
I/ Put the verb in brackets in the correct form, using “be going to” or the present progressive:
1.It’s already 32 C It (be)………very hot today
2.I (not use)………the car this evening, so you canhave it
3.I think it ( rain)………The sky is so cloudy
4.We (have)……… a party next Saturday Would you like to come?
5.Oh, your luggage is ready now What time you (leave)……….?
6.He has made up his mind He (buy) a new motorbike
7.I'd like to know whether you (do) anything tomorrow morning.-No, I'm free Why?
8.Sue (come) to see us tomorrow She (travel) by trainand her train arrives at 10.15 I (meet) her at the station
II/ Put the verb in brackets in the corret form, using “will” or “be going to”:
1.A: Can I speak to Miss Beaty in account ?
B: Yes, I (put)……… it through
2.A: You look very tired - you need a break
B:Yes, I (have)……… two days off next week
3.A: We have got a bit of a problem – Thre a strong smell of gas in the house
B: Right, Madam, I (send)……….someone round immediately
4.A: So, what the kitchen like ?
B: It’s nice and big but it’s a bit dark, so we (paint)……… it yellow
5.A: Your exam results weren’t good, were they ?
B: I know, but I’ve decided I (work)……… much harder next week
TOPIC 7 Because of, In spite of/ Despite.
1 Because of
Ex: - I can’t go to school yesterday because I am sick
I can’t go to school because of my sickness
- Nam missed the bus because he got up late.
S +am/ is/ are + not+ going to +Vo
S +have/ has +not +Ved/ V3
S +am/ is/ are +going to+Vo
Am/ Is/ Are + S +going to + Vo ?
Have/ Has +S +Ved/V3 ?
Trang 20 Because of getting up late, Nam missed the bus.
2 In spite of/ Despite
Ex: - The woman tries to climb the mountain even though she is old
The woman tries to climb the mountain in spite of her old age
- Although Nga is tired, she still begins her work on time.
Despite being tired, Nga still begins her work on time
In spite of/ Despite + Noun/ Noun Phrase (concession)
VIẾT CÂU TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG
1 We took many pictures although the sky was cloudy >>In spite of
2 We understand him in spite of his strong accent >> Although
3 Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled.>> Despite
4 Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.>> Though
5 In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday >>Although
6 Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children >>Despite
7 In spite of their poverty, they are very generous >> Although
8 Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.>> Despite
9 In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile.>> Although
10 My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet >>Despite
11 In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film.>> Although
12 My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.>>In spite of
13 He isn’t happy although he is very rich >>Despite
14 Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied.>> Despite
15 Although he often tells lies, many people believe him.>> Despite
16 Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.>> Because of
17 She went to bed early because she felt tired >>Because of
18 Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.>> Because of
19 I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.>> Because of
20 I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.>> Because of
21 I can’t study because it is noisy.>> Because of
22 The train come late because it was foggy.>> Because of
23 The train was late because the fog was thick.>> Because of
24 I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.>> Because of
25 All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.>> Because of
26 Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.>> Because of
27 Because there is a shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.>> Because of
28 Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.>> Because of
29 She walked slowly because her leg was injured.>> Because of
30 Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.>> Because of
TOPIC 8: DIRECT SPEECH & INDIRECT SPEECH
(Lời nói trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp)
1 Lời nói trực tiếp: được dùng khi chúng ta tường thuật lại lời của người nói bằng cách lập lại một cách chính xác lời
nói ban đầu Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép
EX: He asked, “ Where do you come from? ”
She cried: “ What an accident! ”
“ My cousin is a famous doctor”, he said
Trang 212 Lời nói gián tiếp: Thay vì lặp lại chính xác lời nói, chúng ta có thể diễn tả lời hoặc ý nghĩ của người nói bằng lời lẽ
riêng của chúng ta bằng cách sử dụng liên từ, thay đổi từ hoặc thì của động từ Loại cấu trúc này được gọi là lời nói gián tiếp
Eg: Fiona said, “ It’s getting late.” → Fiona said(that) it was getting late
* Chúng ta thường bỏ “that” sau các động từ tường thuật thông thường như: say, tell, think.
Ex: Tom said (that) his feet hurt a little
She told me (that) she enjoyed your party very much
* Danh sách các động từ tường thuật thường gặp:
accept, add, admit, advise, agree, answer, apologise, argue, ask, beg, command, comment, complain, conclude (kết luận) , confess (thú nhận), continue, cry, decide, declare (tuyên bố), demand, feel, forbid, forecast (dự báo, dự đoán trước ) , guarantee (cam đoan, bảo đảm) , hear, imagine, inform, inquire, insit, invite, object, offer, order, point out, predict, promise, propose(đề nghị), recommend, refuse, say, shout, suggest, tell, thank, think, threaten, warn, whisper, wonder
3 Cách đổi lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp:
a Đại từ và tính từ sở hữu thường đổi từ ngôi thứ nhất hoặc ngôi thứ hai sang ngôi thứ ba Trừ khi người nói thuật lại lời của chính mình
Eg: He said, “ I’ve forgotten my uncle’s phone number.”
→ He said (that) he had forgotten his uncle’s phone number.
“ You have watered the flower twice, Mary”, he said
→ He told Mary that she had watered the flower twice
b Một số biến đổi cơ bản khi đổi sang lời nói gián tiếp:
+ Khi “ this, that, và these” được dùng như tính từ, chúng thường được đổi thành “The”
+ Khi “ this, that, và these” được dùng như đại từ, chúng thường được đổi thành “ it, they, them”
this year / month / week that year / month / week
last year / month / week the year / month / week before;
the previous year / month / week
next year / month / week the year / month / week after;
the following year / month / week.
a year / month / week ago a year / month / week before;
a year / month / week earlier
c Tense (Thì)
+ Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì quá khứ, chúng ta đổi thì trong câu gián tiếp như sau:
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Future Continuous Conditional Continuous
Eg : “ I never eat vegetables”, he explained → He explained that he never ate vegetables.
Trang 22must had to (khi biểu thị sự cần thiết )
would have to (khi đề cập đến tương lai)
Eg: “ I must go now,” Alice said → Alice said that he must / had to go at that time
* CÁC NGOẠI LỆ: NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI VỀ THÌ.
1 Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì hiện tại, chúng ta không đổi thì trong lời nói gián tiếp
Eg: He says/ He is saying/ He has said/ He will say, “ The bus is coming.”
→ He says the bus is coming
2 Khi lời nói diễn tả chân lý hoặc sự kiện đúng một cách hiển nhiên ta cũng không đổi thì:
Ex: He said “The earth moves around the sun” - He said that the earth moves around the sun.
3 Khi lời nói diễn tả một hoạt động theo thói quen vẫn còn tiếp tục vào lúc thuật lại
Ex: Trực tiếp: I get up at seven o’clock every morning.
Gián tiếp: He said that he gets up at seven o’clock every morning.
Trực tiếp: My wife always drinks coffee for breakfast
Gián tiếp: He said that his wife always drinks coffee for breakfast
4 Lời nói dùng một trong các động từ sau đây:
+ Would:
Trực tiếp: She said, “I would help him If I could”
Gián tiếp: She said that she would help him if she could
Trực tiếp: She said, “I’d rather Tom went.”
Gián tiếp: She said that she would rather Tom went
+ Should:
Trực tiếp: You should eat more fruit
Gián tiếp: He said that I should eat more fruit
Trực tiếp: You should have gone to bed early
Gián tiếp: He said that I should have gone to bed early
+ Could, might, ought to, used to, had better, must:
Trực tiếp: He said, “I used to go to the movies when I had leisure time.”
Gián tiếp: He said that he used to go to the movies when he had leisure time
Trực tiếp: They must bring their books to class.
Gián tiếp: He said that they must bring their books to class.
+ Câu điều kiện ở dạng giả định (Loại 2, 3) ta cũng không đổi thì:
Trực tiếp: He said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new car”
Gián tiếp: He said that if he had enough money, he would buy a new car
Trực tiếp: He said, “If I had heard the whole story, I would have acted differently.”
Gián tiếp: He said that if he had heard the whole story, he would have acted differently.
e Lời nói gián tiếp qua câu hỏi:
* Wh – question:
Eg: He said, “ Where has she been?” → He asked/ wondered where she had been
“ What did your parents send?”, the officer asked → The officer asked me what my parents had sent
“ Whom did you phone yesterday? ”, the boss asked
→ The boss asked whom I had phoned the day before
* Yes / No question:
“ Will the train leave on time? ” he said → He inquired whether / if the train would leave on time
He asked, “ Is there a waiting room?” → He asked if / whether there was a waiting room
Exercise 1: Change these direct questions into reported speech:
1 “I am waiting for john.” She said
2 “I don’t like the idea.”, he said
3 “The car isn’t at my house.”, she told me
4 “We have cleaned the room.”, they said
5 “We are worried about Peter.”, they told me
6 “I am going to the cinema.’, she said
7 “I saw her today”, he said
8 “I will see you tomorrow”, he told me
9 “They were here three months ago.” he said
10 “We visited her this morning.”, they said
Trang 2312 “I don’t like this film.” She said
13 “Peter and Mary are getting married tomorrow.” she said
14 “Daisy is doing her homework.” Mai said
15 “I met her three hours ago.” Tam told me
*Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences by changing direct speech to indirect speech:
1 Alice said, “ I am living in London now.” → Alice said to me that _
2 “ My father isn’t very well”, Tom said → Tom told me that
3 They said, “Alice and Tom are getting married next month.”
→ They announced that _
4 She said, “My friend Alice has had a baby.” → She told me
5 He said, “I don’t know what my friends are doing.” → He said to me that
6 “ I saw Tom’s sister, who was really nice, at Helen’s party last weekend,” she said
→ She told me that _
7 “I haven’t seen Ann for a long time” she said → She told me that
8 “I don’t like my job very much,” said her cousin
→ Her cousin admitted that _
9 “My car was stolen a few weeks ago,” he complained
→ He complained that
10 “My brother will come and stay at our flat next month,” said Tom
→ Tom told his wife that _
11 “I want to go on holiday but I am too busy,” said the manager.
→ The manager said that _
12 “I will tell Diane about this problem,” he promised
→ He promised that _
13 She said, “I’ll leave tomorrow.” → She said that
14 “He usually arrives home at 3 p.m,” they say
→ They say that
15 “I won’t be at the club next week,” Nick has said to me.
→ Nick has told me that _
16 Emma says, “I like football and I often watch it on T.V.”
→ Emma says that
17 “She isn’t working here,” he says
→ He says that _
18 “We have a lift but very often it doesn’t work,” the Browns said
→ The Browns said that
19 “I have an English lesson this morning but I haven’t done my homework yet,” said a pupil.
→ A pupil said that _
20 “This English grammar book is good for you,” said my sister
→ My sister said that _
21 Tom said, “I will help you” → Tom said that _
22 “I may be late,” said Mike → Mike told me
23 The teacher said, “You should study harder.” → The teacher told me _
24 “I will come to the meeting,” said Ann → Ann told me
25 The salesman said, “You can take it for a driving test.”
→ The salesman said to her
26 He said, “I must be at the airport at 6 a.m tomorrow.”
→ He told his daughter _
27 “You mustn’t come in without knocking,” the boss said
→ The boss told them _
28 “Your ticket will cost only $ 5,” I said → I said to the passenger _
29 His father said, “He must work harder next term.” → His father said to him
30 Bob said, “I must be there by nine o’clock tomorrow → Bob said that
Exercise 3: Change these direct questions into reported speech:
Trang 24TOPIC 9: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI CÁC THÌ : THE PASSIVE VOICE WITH TENSES
* Quy tắc chung:
A: S + V + O
P: S + BE + VED/ V3 + BY + O
* Câu bị động với các thì trong Tiếng Anh:
1 Thì hiện tại đơn:
A: S + VO/VS,ES + O
P: S + am/ is / are + Ved/ V3 + by + O
2 Thì quá khứ đơn:
A: S + VED/V2 + O.
P: S + was/ were + Ved/ V3 + by + O
3 Thì tương lai đơn:
A: S + WILL/SHALL+ V0 + O.
P: S + will/ shall + be + Ved / V3 + by + O
4 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
A: S + HAS / HAVE + VED/V3 + O
P: S + has / have + been + Ved / V3 + by +O
5 Thì tương lai gần:
A: S + BE GOING TO + V0 + O.
P: S + am going to be + ved / V3 + by + O
6 Thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
Trang 25P: S + had + been + Ved / V3 + by + O
7 Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:
A: S + IS/AM/ARE + VING + O
P: S + am/is/ are + being + Ved / V3 + by + O
8 Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
A: S + WAS/WERE + VING + O
P: S + was / were + being + Ved/ V3 + by + O
Exercise 1: Change the sentences below into passive.
1 Mary is watering her flowers in the garden at present.
2 Did he tell her that her father was sick?
3 People can find a cure for cancer in the near future.
4 Mr Green has just brought his mother a new table fan.
5 We will redecorate this house next week
6 They have found oil in the Antarctic
7 They made these T- shirts and jeans in the USA in 1900.
8 How long have you done that work ?
9 They held the 22 nd SEA Games in Viet Nam in 2003
10 They are building some new houses there now.
11 They think that she did that test very well
12 Did his mother use to tell him stories ?
13 Do you make a new flute for this musician ?
14 Police are looking for a missing boy They can’t find him anywhere
15 His mother has to wake him up every morning.
16 They had to cancel the flight because of the bad weather.
17 The secretary opens the mail every morning.
18 Today a large number of people speak English.
19 Did tome cane the dog?
20 A stone broke the window.
21 The servants didn’t do the work.
22 The army will complete that project next year.
23 They won’t punish him.
24 People don’t use this road very often.
25 People advised us not to go out alone.
26 How do people learn English?
27 We are following them.
28 The airplanes are dropping booms.
29 The cold wind is freezing my face.
30 We are defeating their army.
31 The keepers were feeding the lions.
32 His boss has transferred him to another department.
33 They have taken her to the hospital.
34 They had fastened his whole body to the ground.
35 The school boys had wasted a lot of time.
36 Something will have prevented you from coming.
37 They were painting the outside of the ship when the accident happened.
38 They are mending your shoes at the moment.
39 Someone will drive your car to Ha Noi on Monday.
40 We don’t allow smoking in this restaurant.
41 I have told the children.
42 We invited two hundred people to the wedding.
43 About thirty million people are watching this program.
44 Someone checks the water level every week.
45 The police are questioning Mr and Mrs Davidson.
46 You should pay your bill before you leave the hotel.
47 They have cancelled the meeting.
48 We send the newspapers to the Scotland by train.
49 Someone has moved my chair.
Trang 2650 They showed Sara the photographs.
51 They pay me my salary every month.
52 I think that they have sent us the wrong tickets.
53 I hope that someone will give Sally the message.
54 They didn’t ask me for my address.
55 They didn’t offer Ann the job.
56 They will ask you a lot of question at the interview.
57 Mary gave him a present.
58 Someone paid the men £ 800 to do the job.
59 People are destroying large areas of forest every day.
60 Somebody has bought the land next to our house.
61 Somebody had already reported the accident before I phone.
62 People were using the tennis court, so we couldn’t play.
63 You can buy videos like this one anywhere.
64 Someone will tell you when you should go to see the doctor.
65 Has anybody shown you what to do?
66 They should have finished the hotel by the time you arrive.
67 Somebody has to write the history of the European Community one day.
68 They have found an unexploded bomb in Herbert Square.
69 They are opening the case again because they are not satisfied with the world.
70 People expect better results soon.
71 When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?
72 The manager always welcomes new employees.
73 You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 pm.
74 We had warned him the day before not to go too near the canal.
75 They were painting the outside of the ship when the accident happened.
76 They are mending your shoes at the moment.
77 Someone will drive your car to Ha Noi on Monday.
78 We don’t allow smoking in this restaurant.
79 I have told the children.
80 We invited two hundred people to the wedding.
81 About thirty million people are watching this program.
82 Someone checks the water level every week.
83 The police are questioning Mr and Mrs Davidson.
84 You should pay your bill before you leave the hotel.
85 They have cancelled the meeting.
86 We send the newspapers to the Scotland by train.
87 Someone has moved my chair.
88 They showed Sara the photographs.
89 They pay me my salary every month.
90 I think that they have sent us the wrong tickets.
91 I hope that someone will give Sally the message.
92 They didn’t ask me for my address.
93 This is the third time they have written to us about this.
94 They asked us to be there at eight o’clock.
95 The others told the new students where to sit.
96 Someone is showing her how to do it.
TOPIC 10: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
1 Câu điều kiện loại I: ĐK có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN , S + CAN/ MAY/ MUST/ WILL / SHALL + V0
Ex: If it rains, I shall not come If I have free time, I will come to see you
2 Câu điều kiện loại II: ĐK không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Câu điều kiện loại này dùng để diễn tả một sự kiện khó có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai (Dù động
Trang 27IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + S + WERE + … , S+ WOULD/ SHOULD/COULD/MIGHT + VO…
If + S + VED/ V2 …
Ex: If I were you, I wouldn’t go to his party If it rained, we should not come
3 Câu điều kiện loại III: ĐK không có thật ở quá khứ
Loại câu điều kiện này dùng để diễn tả giả thiết trái ngược với thực tế trong quá khứ
THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH, DẠNG HOÀN THÀNH CỦA MODAL
IF + S+ HAD + VED / V3 , S + WOULD HAVE + VED / V3
SHOULD HAVE COULD HAVE MIGHT HAVE
Ex: If the World War II hadn’t broken out, millions of people wouldn’t have been died
EXERCISES:
+ EXERCISE 1 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses Type I
1 If I see him I (give) him a lift
2 The table will collapse if you (stand) on it
3 If he (eat) all that he will be ill
4 If I find your passport I (telephone) you at once
5 The police (arrest) him if they catch him
6 If he (read) in bad light he will ruin his eyes
7 Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked
8 What will happen if my parachute (not open)?
9 If he (wash) my car I'll give him 10
10 If she (need) a radio she can borrow mine
11 If you (not go) away I'll send for the police
12 I'll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes
13 If he (be) late we'll go without him
14 She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) about this
15 If you put on the kettle I (make) the tea
16 If you give my dog a bone he (bury) it at once
17 If we leave the car here it (not be) in anybody's way
18 He'll be late for the train if he (not start) at once
19 If you come late they (not let) you in
20 If he (go) on telling lies nobody will believe a word he says
21 Unless he (sell) more he won't get much commission
22 If I lend you 10 when you (repay) me?
23 We'll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) any higher
24 If he (work) hard today can he have a holiday tomorrow?
25 Ice (turn) to water if you heat it
+ EXERCISE 2 : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses Type II
1 If I had a typewriter I (type) it myself.
2 If I (know) his address I'd give it to you
3 He (look) a lot better if he shaved more often
4 If you (play) for lower stakes you wouldn't lose so much
5 If he worked more slowly he (not make) so many mistakes
6 I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) you
7 More tourists would come to this country if it (have) a better climate
8 If I were sent to prison you (visit) me?
Trang 289 If someone (give) you a helicopter what would you do with it?
10 I (buy) shares in that company if I had some money
11 If he (clean) his windscreen he'd be able to see where he was going
12 If you drove your car into the river you (be able) to get out?
13 If you (not belong) to a union you couldn't get a job
14 If I (win) a big prize in a lottery I'd give up my job
15 What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house?
16 I could tell you what this means if I (know) Greek
17 If everybody (give) 1 we would have enough
18 He might get fat if he (stop) smoking
19 If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come)
20 If you (see) someone drowning what would you do?
+ EXERCISE 3: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses Type III
1 If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) you
2 The ground was very soft But for that, my horse (win)
3 If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat
4 You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) here last week.
5 But for his quickness I (be) killed
6 I shouldn't have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes
7 If he had slipped he (fall) 500 meters
8 If he had asked you, you (accept)?
9 If I (had) a map I would have been all right
10 If I (know) that you were coming I'd have baked a cake
11 I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill
12 If you had left that wasp alone it (not sting) you
13 If I (realize) what a bad driver you were I wouldn't have come with you
14 If I had realized that the traffic lights were red I (stop)
EXERCISE 4: Mixed types
Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
Example: If I (have) have time, I will write to him.
have visited you.
Trang 2913 What would happen if you (not go) to work tomorrow.
very tired.
had known the reason.
(feel) worse.
(go) somewhere else.
we won’t go out.
(take care) of it.
(get in).
(not let) you go.
(catch) the train.
phone him.
like fish, I wouldn’t have bought it.
_better, I (come) _to class yesterday.
_it was your birthday yesterday.
tomorrow, I (go) for a walk.
enough time, I (go) to the park.
_that sentence, I (explain) it to you.
night, I (go) to see you.
situation?
less mean, she (not leave) _him.
we (miss) the rush hour traffic.
much money But I don’t think you ever will.
window, we (not give) them the opportunity to break in.
to his proposal.
(come) to help you.
back the capital punishment.
Trang 3039 The only thing I haven’t got is a garden If I (have)
one, I (grow) a lot of flowers.
late for the train.
EXERCISE 5 : Rewrite the following sentences using Unless, If :
1 The war will spread everywhere if we don’t stop it Unless ………
2 All our beautiful forests will be destroyed if we do nothing to preserve them Unless……….
3 If he hasn’t got a ticket, they won’t let him in Unless ………
4 If it doesn’t rain, we will have no water to use Unless ………
5 These flowers will die if nobody waters them Unless …
6 Do your exercises or you will be punished Unless ….
7 The building is too high He can’t climd up If ……
8 That house is too expensive I can’t buy it If …….
9 He didn’t work hard last term, he lost his job If …….
10 Mary didn’t have money with her She couldn’t buy that present If ……
11 There was a test yesterday You didn’t know that, so you didn’t study If I had known that …
12 Your friend was in the hospital You didn’t know that, so you didn’t visit her If I had ….
13 I’ve never met your friend You didn’t know that, so you didn’t introduce me If I had …
14 It is raining now, so I will not go for a walk If it ………
15 I am not living in Chile I’m not working at a bank If I ………
16 It was raining yesterday afternoon, so I did not go for a walk If it ………
17 I am not at home now, so I can’t answer your phone If I ……….
18 I can’t sing well, so she can’t sing that song beautifully If she ………
19 Ann didn’t pass the entrance examination, so she wasn’t admitted to the university If Ann ………
20 I had a problem You didn’t know that, so you didn’t offer to help If I had known that ………
EXERCISE 6: Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that they don’t change the meaning.
0 I am poor; I can’t travel around the world.
If I were not poor, I could travel around the world.
1 I am not a film star, I don’t live in Hollywood.
Trang 3111 I didn’t wake you up because I didn’t know you wanted to get up early.
Exercise 7: Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that they don’t change the meaning
He doesn’t have the money and he cannot afford a new car >> If
I cannot go to the beach with you this weekend because I have a date with my old classmate
I never get very lonely because I have lots of good friends.>> If
The match can be cancelled because it rains heavily.>>If
Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often >> If
I don’t have free time, so I can’t go to see him.>> If
I am poor; I can’t travel around the world >> If
I am not a millionaire, I can’t help all people >> if
I am not old enough; I can’t decide my own life >> If
I am very tired so I can’t finish my work >> If
Exercise 8: sentence transformation
She didn’t eat anything because she wasn’t hungry >>If
The accident happened because the drive in front stopped so suddenly >>If
I didn’t wake you up because I didn’t know you wanted to get up early >> If
She didn’t buy the watch because she didn’t bring enough money with him >> If
I had a cold because I walked in the rain >> If
They didn’t sell the house because their children wanted to keep it >> If
Mrs White fell down because she was too weak >> If
He failed the exam because she didn’t do it well >> If
She couldn’t come because she had to work overtime >> If
I couldn’t answer the phone because I was having a bath >> If
Exercise 9: if not = unless
If you don’t see that film, you’ll be sorry >> unless
Trang 32If you don’t take morning exercises, you will be weak.
You will get lost if you don’t take a map with you
They will kill him if he doesn’t tell them the truth
If we don’t protect the forests, the environments will bee soon destroyed
I will wait her if she calls me
I will choose that blue jacket if it isn’t too expensive
If it doesn’t rain, we will go for a walk
I will buy a bike if I don’t go on holiday
I will visit them if I have enough time
TOPIC 11: CÂU SO SÁNH
A SO SÁNH HƠN: (DÙNG ĐỂ SO SÁNH 2 NGƯỜI 2 VẬT)
1 TÍNH TỪ NGẮN & TRẠNG TỪ NGẮN:
* Công thức:
* Tính từ ngắn: S1 + BE + ADJ ngắn + ER + THAN + S2
EX: He is taller than me
They are smaller than my shoes
* Trạng từ ngắn: S1 + V + ADV ngắn + ER + THAN + S2
EX: He works harder than his brother
A horse runs faster than a dog
* MỘT SỐ NGOẠI LỆ KHI THÊM “ER” VÀO SAU TÍNH VÀ TRẠNG TỪ NGẮN:
* NHỮNG TÍNH TỪ HAI VẦN TẬN CÙNG BẰNG: Y, ER, OW, LE : XEM NHƯ TÍNH TỪ NGẮN.EX: happy - happier ; pretty - prettier ; easy - easier
clever - cleverer
narrow - narrower
simple - simpler
2 TÍNH VÀ TRẠNG TỪ DÀI:
* Tính từ dài: S1 + BE + MORE + ADJ + THAN + S2
* Trạng từ dài: S1 + V + MORE + ADV + THAN + S2
B SO SÁNH NHẤT: (DÙNG ĐỂ SO SÁNH 3 NGƯỜI 3 VẬT TRỞ LÊN)
1 TÍNH TỪ NGẮN & TRẠNG TỪ NGẮN:
* Công thức:
* Tính từ ngắn: S + BE + + THE +ADJ ngắn + EST (N)+ cụm giới từ…
EX: He is the tallest pupil in my class.
They are the smallest shoes we have
* Trạng từ ngắn: S + V + THE + ADV ngắn + EST + cụm giới từ
EX: He works the hardest in his family
He runs the fastest in his group
2 TÍNH VÀ TRẠNG TỪ DÀI:
Trang 33* Trạng từ dài: S + V + THE MOST + ADV )+ cụm giới từ….
Ex: Spring is the most pleasant season of year
This book is the most interesting of all
He drives the most carefully in his group
C SO SÁNH BẰNG: (SO SÁNH 2 NGƯỜI, 2 VẬT)
1 TÍNH TỪ:
* Công thức: S1 + BE + AS + ADJ + AS + S2
EX: He is as tall as his brother.
Lan is as intelligent as Mai.
2 TRẠNG TỪ:
* Công thức: S1 + V + AS + ADV + AS + S2
EX: She cooks as well as her mother.
He dances as gracefully as a dancer
Exercise 1: Write the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Exercise 2: Supply the correct comparative form of adjective in brackets
0 He is (intelligent) _more intelligent than his brother
1 I have never had a (delicious) meal than that.
2 This jacket is too small I need a (large) size.
3 Its (cheap) to go by car than to go by train.
4 A new house is (expensive) than an old one.
5 His job is (important) than mine.
6 Nobody is (happy) than Miss Snow.
7 John is much (strong) than I thought.
8 Benches are (comfortable) than arm-chairs.
9 Bill is (good) than you thought.
Trang 3410 Sam’s conduct is (bad) than Paul’s.
Exercise 3:
0. These boys are (intelligent) those boys These boys are more intelligent than those boys.
1 Charles is (hard-working) Tom
2 He is (good) at English I
3 Lan is (pretty) her mother
4 This pen is (expensive) that pen
5 Those apples are (delicious) these apples
6 Ms Hoa is (attractive) Mrs Lan
7 This pen is (good) that pen
8 You look much (good) yesterday
9 Living in Paris is (expensive) living in Valencia
10 A car is (expensive) a bicycle
11 Tokyo is (large) Nha Trang
12 An elephant is (heavy) a horse
13 Spain is (big) England
14 My car is (bad) your car
15 Helen is (beautiful) Daisy
16 An aero plane is (fast) a plane
17 This exam is (difficult) the last exam
18 Old people are (intelligent) young people
19 Winter is (cold) autumn
20 My health is (good) 5 years ago
21 I've got (little) money you but I don't mind
22 Learning French is (difficult) learning English
23 Dogs are (intelligent) cats
24 This river is (long) that river
25 He is (handsome) Peter
So sánh bằng
Exrcise 1:
0. He is (intelligent) his brother He is as intelligent as his brother.
1 A new house is (expensive) an old one
2 His job is (important) mine
3 Benches are (comfortable) arm-chairs
4 Bill is (good) Tom
5 Sam’s conduct is (bad) Paul’s
6 Charles is (hard-working) Tom
7 He is (good) at English I
8 Lan is (pretty) her mother
9 This pen is (expensive) that pen
10 Those apples are (delicious) these apples
11 Ms Hoa is (attractive) Mrs Lan
12 This pen is (good) that pen
13 Living in Valencia is not (expensive) living in Paris is
14 A bicycle is not (expensive) a car
15 A horse is not (heavy) an elephant
16 England is (big) Spain
17 My car is (bad) your car
18 Helen is (beautiful) Daisy
19 An aero plane is (fast) a plane
20 This exam is (difficult) the last exam
21 Old people are not (intelligent) young people
22 Winter is not (hot) autumn
23 Learning English is (difficult) learning French
24 Cats are not (intelligent) dogs
25 I am not (intelligent) he
So sánh nhất
0 He is (intelligent) student I have ever met He is the most intelligent student I have ever met
Trang 351 Its (difficult) decision I’ve ever made in years
2 Mr Bush is (delightful) person I have ever known
3 Dick is (careful) of the three workers
4 Peter is (tall) student in my class
5 What’s (good) film you have ever seen?
6 She is (old) child in the family
7 He is (intelligent) student in my class
8 Of the two sisters, Linda is (beautiful)
9 It is (interesting) book I have ever read
10 This is (big) house I have ever seen
Comparative of adverb (So sánh của trạng từ)
Comparative of adverbs (So sánh hơn của trạng từ)
Exercise 1: Write the comparative and superlative forms of the adverbs.
Exercise 2: Supply the correct comparative form of the adverb in brackets
0 Now I speak English (fluently) than last year Now I speak English more fluently than last year.
1 She smiled (happy) than before
2 Could you write (clearly)?
3 Planes can fly (high) than some kinds of birds
4 He had an accident last year Now, he drives (careful) than before
5 Jim can run (fast) than John
6 Our team played (badly) of all
7 He worked (hard) than ever before
8 I don’t know (many) people in our neighborhood as you do
9 The teacher speaks English (fluently) than we do
10 She learns English (well) than me
So sánh bằng của trạng từ: Write the following sentences using comparative:
1 He can swim (well) she He can swim as well as she
2 He speaks English (fluently) his teacher
3 Tom runs (quickly) John
4 She speaks English (clearly) you
5 She drives (carefully) you
6 Mary can type (accurately) as her teacher
7 We began studying English (early) you
8 He finished the test (rapidly) other students
9 She dances (beautiful) Jane
10 They don’t know (many) people we
11 They write (badly) than me
So sánh nhất của trạng từ: Supply the correct superlative form of the adverb in brackets
0 This girl dances (gracefully) of all This girl dances the most gracefully of all.
Trang 361 Our team played (badly) of all
2 Of the four shirts, I like the red one (well)
3 He speaks English (fluently) in my class
4 He can write (beautifully)
5 She sings (well)
6 Peter runs (quickly) in his class
7 He does test (carefully) in his class
8 They work (hard) in our village
9 She decorated the house (beautifully) in our family
10 David can swim (far) in the world
Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
1 No houses in Hoi An are as old as the Tan Ky House.>>The……
2 The blue whale is the biggest of all animals.>>No…
3 Khanh Ha is the best singer in her time.>>Khanh Ha …than any…
4 Hellen doesn’t know so many novels of Oscal Wilde as I do.>> Hellen knows…than…
5 The sword is not so mighty as the pen.>>The pen
6 The river in her town is less shallow than this one.>>This…
7 The orange building is not as high as the blue one.>>The blue…
8 These assignments are not so good as Timothy’ >>Timothy’s…
9 Jim has more opportunities to play tennis than me.>>I don’t
10 John drives more carefully than Peter.>> Peter
11 I am not as tall as you >> You are
12 She is the most intelligent student in my class >> No one
13 Peter studies English better than I >> I
14 He is better player than we are >> We don’t
15 I didn’t spend as much money as you >> I
16 Nothing is faster than the speed of light.>> The speed of light
17 Jane cooks better than her sister >> Jane’s sister
18 Pill is the most handsome person in our class >> No one
19 He is lazier than she >>She isn’t
20 He doesn’t drive as carefully as my father >> My father
IT WAS NOT UNTIL….THAT
1 She didn’t recover her confidence until that morning
I was not until ………
2 He didn’t arrive at the office until half past nine.
It was not until ………
3 Mary didn’t work for the UN until 2004
It was not until………
4 I didn’t know how to ride a bicycle until I was 15.
It was not until ……….
5 John didn’t finish reading my book until last Saturday.
It was not until ………
6 I didn’t like chocolate until I went to university.
It was not until……….
7 No one could leave the stadium until 2.30
It was not until………
8 She wasn’t allowed to open her presents until her birthday.
It was not until………
9 We didn’t have any holidays until last summer.
Trang 3710 She didn’t stop learning German until the age of 24.
It was not until………
11 I couldn’t finish my project until Mark helped me.
It was not until………
12 They didn’t pay the bill until the electricity was cut off.
It was not until………
13 I didn’t sleep until midnight.
It was not until………
14 I couldn’t comment further until I had all the information.
It was not until………
15 He didn’t return to his native village until the war ended.
It was not until………
16 He was unable to take up the post until early the following year.
It was not until………
ATTITUDINAL ADJECTIVE
Exercise 1:
1 It’s been raining all day I hate this weather (depress)
A The weather is _.
B This weather makes me _.
2 Astronomy is one of Tom’s main interests (interest)
A Tom is in astronomy.
B He finds astronomy very .
3 I turned off the television in the middle of the programme (bore)
A The programme was .
B I was .
4 Ann is going to American next month She has never been there before (excite)
A She is really about going.
B It will be an experience for her.
5 Diana teaches young children It’s a hard job (exhaust)
A She often finds her job .
B At the end of the day’s work she is often .
Exercise 2:
1 We were all horrifying/horrified when we heard about the disaster.
2 It’s sometimes embarrassing/embarrassed when you have to ask people for money.
3 Are you interesting/interested in football?
4 I enjoyed the football match It was quite exciting/excited.
5 It was a really terrifying/terrified experience Afterwards everybody was very shocking/shocked.
6 I had never expected to be offered the job I was really amazing/amazed when I was offered it.
7 The kitchen hadn’t been cleaned for ages It was really disgusting/disgusted.
8 Do you easily get embarrassing/embarrassed?
9 At first I thought Jake was an interesting/interested guy, but tonight I felt somewhat boring/bored with his company.
10 She was really learnt very fast She has made astonishing/astonished progress.
11 I was very disappointing/disappointed not to get the job.
12 Philip was exceptionally annoying/annoyed at Joanne’s behavior.
13 I thought the program on wildlife was fascinating/fascinated I was absolutely fascinating/fascinated.
14 The journey took all day and night They found it very tiring/tired.
15 Did Tim feel frightening/frightened when he saw the snake at his feet?
16 Why do you always look so boring/bored? Is your life really so boring/bored?
17 The news is very surprising/surprised I am surprising/surprised at the news.
18 Liz is a very interesting/interested person She knows a lot, and she has done lots of different things.