Tích hợp sử dụng năng lượng tiết kiệm và hiệu quả

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!!,67WN2-7d.p; 2.2. Địa chỉ và mức độ tích hợp 217 393),3R-Si)N8),3L)QL&*3N(#)n!,,M3 ("P!NO"P)3L)Q3RS+* ,3R-T-'),XT-2Si)N8>@U iii PHẦN 3: VÀI NÉT VỀ DẠY HỌC THEO DỰ ÁN 219 C, 33RSV `,d(#3V 1G-3)4†,"#.,f!"%2)4e"%  0393),3R-Si)N8&*3N(#"#.,f!),}("%  iv Lời nói đầu ,!,‡)27ˆ&3L)F*.L-)8!„)KST-2)4f7‰!&3R)F7'S &'(!,(,(#)7i&†,),:+*M, ))43/N'Š-g)‹*,-!K-),3L).L-7/d !2(7:3N8+Z)!,g)+*)3,),K!62,d"d‹*-…7i%!!,(M, ))43/ Q3,)LŒŠˆ,i3$%),3L-,P))4(Si)),:332"*3N•*,d)8Q†S ,ˆSN%M, ))43/3e)P!!62WQ3,)LT-8!"dFd.,3R-mŠg-783+93) )4bQ3,)L+*M, ))43/Šˆ,i3-…)4 W),8!„),/Q,23), ! 7/!-!gM!,(,-!K-!62Šˆ,i3Q,XM,'3*+X)Z9!3R)2S!,‡)2 7!),3e,3e-7ˆ3F!„N%3*-!„+W)*3 e,),%!)L!,( ),g.Q,'Q,23), !F!,L&3LFNO"P!5,3W-,#!,LFd.eN%ˆM,n +*,3R-T-'Q,X!2(L-)†,)4#*.!m)3LM)P!QŽ("*3),eSN•,L)Nm! ,3/S@(+Z.+3R!3 ("P!NO"P)3L)Q3RS+*,3R-T-'),3L),Y* Si)+3R!*S!gM& !,+*),3L)),%!yb3+†F,*,7i+*mŠO!62!(:3 783+93! !-…T-c3 &k73W-!,€,&b3!,n,), 37i+*,Z),m! !62,fS*3 ("P!!„+23)45)(9 3 ("P!NO"P)3L)Q3RS+*,3R-T-')4(M,#S+3)4:M,{ ),X*Si)T- )4†,)#("%!,(,f!N3,,•,Z),m!+*S83T-2)dS783 +93! !-…•,+W! !(#3Fc,Y2)(9!62„F)†, )4#Q,23), !NO"P,3R2.+*,• !a*S!#Q3R)! !-… ‘N2(!,(! !}S!„76Q3L),m!F), 37iF7i!aFc),m!+*Q’7/!„ ),/,(#)7iSi)! !,7i!ZM,(‰!M,83,M,“S)†S423'3M, M,“SNO"P )3L)Q3RS+*,3R-T-')4(,3R)#3+*)a23 >3R2.Fi3"-+W3 ("P!NO"P)3L)Q3RS+*,3R-T-'7ˆ 7!)4†,&*.)n!,,M+*(!,a)4†,!gM>$ ,3eF!5‡)‡ Q,3"#.,f!)n!,,M"()*33R-,9"”@>>!,2!„F7i3•3 (+3e!5 ‰MQ,„Q,+WQ3L),m!FQ’+*), 37iQ,3"#.,f!)n!,,M 1 ,*)4:*Si)Qe,T-2)4f)4 W)'3! !),X)3Fc,Y2)(9 !62+3R!NO"P)3L)Q3RS+*,3R-T-'!,(7X7'(! !),*,+3e )4(Šˆ,i3@(7„Fyi3 ("P!+**()#(,Z),g.,-!K-M,'3)42&k M,aM, M"#.,f!NO"P)3L)Q3RS+*,3R-T-'!,(7i3•* 4g)!gM),3L)/7 Mm,-!K-*.F&i)*33R-+W3 ("P!NO"P)3L)Q3RS+* ,3R-T-')4()4:>$!-!gMQ3L),m!+WNO"P)3L)Q3RS +*,3R-T-'!•,i3"-F7k2!,€)n!,,M+*``@>)n!,,MF ),%!,3R! !,(#)7i(#3Q,( yi*33R-,“S3‡M!,(3 (+3e+*,f! N3,!„73W-Q3R"#.,f!)8)i3"-*.)4()4:>$ Bộ tài liệu bao gồm: p†S ,3/-*†F! !"#F+23)45!62783+93!(:3F)†,,†, NO"PF',,b!62+3R!Q,23), !+*NO"P7LSX3)4:N3, ), 3 <=>$?@AC>GIDEJ>BpW!ZM7L N%!K),3L)M,'3NO"P)*3 e)3L)Q3RSF,3R-T-'‹Š-,9NO"P )3L)Q3RSF,3R-T-'F! !&3RM, M+WNO"P)3L)Q3RS+*,3R-T-' [@A$?@AC>GG=@>[E_>^I>$F >`p23)45!623 ("P!NO"PC>G)4(,*)4:>$+*>`F! !SP!)3e- !623 ("P!NO"PC>GT-2"#.,f!! !SX,f!b‹7k,,9! !i3"-!a&'+W 3 ("P!NO"P)3L)Q3RSF,3R-T-'72+*(! !SX,f!b)4:>$F>`‹ M,a),m!)n!,,M! !i3"-3 ("P!NO"P)3L)Q3RS+*,3R-T-'+*(! ! SX,f!b)4:>$F>`‹3c+WQ3/S)42F7 ,3 ‹e-Si)N8),n"P"#.,f!"% +W )n!,,M3 ("P!NO"PC>G /NO"P!„,3R-T-')*33R-*.FN2-Q,3)ZM,-g3 (+3e!K,3e!m-QYn ), L)F),2SQ,'(M,K3 ( !P),/4…3+Z"P3,,(#)+*(&*3,f! $%427:3!62!-8)*33R-*QL)T-',3e!m-)dS, L)+*7„„M!62Q,Xn)! ,d+*)ZM),/@ƒ7ˆ4g)!8jF) ,3e)*33R-7!+3L)K7K-eQ,X),/)4 ,Q,•3 2 ),3L-N„)F>i37…&3eN(#S(,Z7!,3W-cQ3L7„„M7/)*33R-N•,(*),3R ,a)4(K) 3&2  PHẦN THỨ NHẤT NHỮNG VẤN ĐỀ CHUNG I. NĂNG LƯỢNG VÀ VAI TRÒ CỦA NĂNG LƯỢNG ĐỐI VỚI CON NGƯỜI 1.1. Năng lượng ,}()–73/y !,Q,(23R)2SF7!7k,,Y2*p—i7(7k, !,-!,(Sf3"#+Z7iQ, !,2-!62+Z)!,g)— 4()–73/)3L3R)+*)–73/+Z)cM,{),XF7!7k,,Y2*—7#3 +Z)c7‰!)4!,(Q,'N3,42!X!62Si)+Z)—,}(,k7k,N8l˜ll˜Œ `!62!,n,M,6+WNO"Pa)3L)Q3RSF,3R-T-'),†7!,3/-* —"#+Z)!,g)!„Q,'N3,!XF&2(…S-…Na!gMp),2F "K-FQ,n78)+*-…),m!gM*,3R)F73R7!N3,42 ),XT-2T- )4†,!, /,( Na!gM— 1.2. Các dạng năng lượng 3R!M,d(#3! !"#*4g)72"#FM,P),-i!+*(! !SP!7n!,Q, ! ,2-@937d.!,€7242Si)N8! !,M,d(#3),:7!NO"P 1.2.1. Phân loại theo vật lý - kỹ thuật : Với đối tượng học sinh trung học phổ thông, các em đã được làm quen với các dạng năng lượng qua chương trình vật lý phổ thông như: Œ!a,f!•!a‘‹ 3 Œ‰,3R)•,3R)‘‹Œ73R•73R‘‹ Œ ,N •T-2‘‹Œ,( ,f!•,( ‘‹ Œ,#),d•,2. e)O‘ 1.2.2. Phân loại theo nguồn gốc năng lượng Œ+Z)!,g)!, /,( )(*M,Kp ™)–,3e3R-,( ),#!,,2.,3e3R-),3e,3e,p),2 &ƒF),2d-F727 F"K-S•FQ,n),3e,3e‘ ™)–,3e3R- e)O‹ Œ) 3N3,•,2.) 3)#(‘*-…!„),/ 7!,…3M,P!),}(!,-)4†,&3L7{3!62),3e,3eFS*),}(T-23RS!62!( :3*+X,# !"#*.&2(…Sp ™S‰))4:3‹ ™!623„‹ ™,L!629!‹ ™N„&3/‹ ™),-š)43W-‹ ™7k2,3R) ŒQ,X) 3N3,p!„! !(#3,p),2d-F),27 F),2&ƒF "K-O2FQ,n)%,3eF ŒN3,Q,83•y3(S2NN‘pN3,42"(78))4%!)3LM,(‰! !, /7{3,3R),„2,f!F!, /7{3,3R)N3,,„2! !+Z)3R-!„-…8!,•- !a•)4–),2F"K-S•›‘@#4j…S!„œF!63F! !M,PM,•SX,3RM, 4 )4g-F4aS4#F!d.XF&ˆSn2›! !(#3+•F),d!d.),'(Si!‹@#•, ,3e3R-N3,,f!•y3(ž-}‘‹@#Q,n,&3(2N Œ!a&jMp$m!!a&jM!62:3F)4d-F&5F%2F+(3› 1.2.3. Phân loại theo dòng biến đổi năng lượng ,}(T- )4†,)–Q,23), !F&3L7{3F)4 W)'3+*NO"PF:3)2!,3242 ! !"#N2-p ŒNa!gMp*! !"#!„NŸ)4(),3e,3e,),2F"K-F Q,n)%,3eF e)OF),-šF!63œ› Œ),m!gMp*"#7ˆ7!&3L7{3)–,•"# Q, !n"P73RF,a39!!62! !5,a3*),m!gM Œ!-83!ƒp*N2-Q,d-)4 W)'3F+Z!, /7!!gM)93 ,i)3e-),PF:3NO"P Œ,•-n!,p*!-83!ƒ7!NO"PN2-Q,3&•T-2! !){ ),g)!62),3L)&kNO"P 1.3. Sự bảo toàn và chuyển hoá năng lượng /!„! 3,†Q, 3T- )+WN%',,b”,2-!62! !T- )4†,&3L7{3 )4()%,3e!•,)4(Q’),-Z)F+3R!jS+•T-3-Z)!62N%!, /,„2!„ c,Y24g)T-2)4fjS+•T-3-Z)!62N%!, /,„2N•3‡M)23'3T L)! ! +g7WQ’),-Z)3eT-2)93+3R!NO"P !„),/!, /,( )–"#*.N2"#Q, !FN()4(Si) ,RQn!62,R!„3 )4kQ,X7{3 4()%,3e!•,)4(QY),-Z)!„4g),3W-,3R)b7„"3 42! !T- )4†, !, /,( ,p ™, /,( !a),*,,3R)•,,3R)S2N )*S„ ! !+Z)!, /7i!„S2N )‘ 5 ™$%!, /,( !a),*,73Rp,b! !)4#SM, )73R,:Nm! 3„F),-š73R› ™$%!, /,( T-2),*,73Rp,b! !)4#SM, )73R,: S‰))4:3 ™$%!, /,( 73R),*,! !"#Q, !,p73R ),*,!a•7i!a73R‘‹73R),*,,3R)•"P!P7-g-&“ 73R‘F73R),*,,( •)4(73RM,dFS#Q3S(#3›‘ 4(! !T- )4†,)4e7!&'()(*pL-,R*Qn),†){ !i!62,R*,“N8F!„),/!, /)–"#*.N2"#Q, !,(‰!M,d&8#3 3•2! !M,K!62,RL-,RQ,XQn),†7i)•,2.3'S‘!62!62,R7‡&“ 7i3'S•,2.)‘!62SX3)4:&e(*3@(+Z.FN%&'()(*+*!, /,( !„),/SX)'&“Si)7k,-Z)!,-*7k,-Z)&'()(*+*!, /,(   4(Q’),-Z):3)2),:+Z"P7k,-Z)&'()(*+*!, /,„27/ M,d)n!,! !T- )4†,NO"P)–7„)†S42M,a),m!NO"PN2(!,( !„,3R-T-',g) 1.4. Vai trò của năng lượng đối với con người 1.4.1. Tình hình sử dụng năng lượng trong sản xuất và đời sống !„+23)45N8!5783+93!-i!N8!(:3F„T L)7k,N%)…)#3F M, ))43/+*!,g)!-i!N8!62!(:323)45!62),/,3R!P),/T-2+3R! NO"P!62!(:3!,(! !,(#)7iN'Š-g)F73#3FŠd."%+*7:3N8,* *.*.2.!,‡)2!„),/),g.4g)4¡! !+g7WQ,6,('),:!„) ! 7i4g)9)93! !+g7WQ3,)L+*Šˆ,i3!62! !9!)4e),L393@(+Z.,3W-9!7ˆ 72+g7W),*,T-8!N !,F7‰)),*,+g7W—23,—783+93N%M, ) )43/!62T-8!32 @937d.7242Si)+*3N8)3R-+W)†,,†,NO"P)4e),L393!•, b3R)2Sp 6 . e)O,}4(&.b =Q4232*Si)),n"P II. XU HƯỚNG SỬ DỤNG NĂNG LƯỢNG TIẾT KIỆM, HIỆU QUẢ Ở VIỆT NAM VÀ TRÊN THẾ GIỚI 2.1. Sự cần thiết phải sử dụng năng lượng tiết kiệm, hiệu quả - $O"P)3L)Q3RSF,3R-T-'*.2.72*Š-,9!,-!62)g)!'!. BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO GIÁO DỤC SỬ DỤNG TIẾT KIỆM VÀ HIỆU QUẢ NĂNG LƯỢNG TRONG THÔNG QUA MỘT SỐ MÔN HỌC VÀ HOẠT ĐỘNG GIÁO DỤC NGOÀI GIỜ LÊN LỚP Ở TRƯỜNG. ("P!NO"PCw>GUh pEi)N8!d-,•3)%-Z+*)4j!,3RSp CHƯƠNG V: GIÁO DỤC SỬ DỤNG NĂNG LƯỢNG TIẾT KIỆM VÀ HIỆU QUẢ THÔNG QUA MỘT SỐ HOẠT ĐỘNG GIÁO DỤC NGOÀI GIỜ LÊN LỚP 215 yƒ3f!@3RM0 i3"-F7k2!,€+*Sm!7i)n!,,M3