Lý thuyết và bài tập tiếng anh ôn thi công chức

Lý thuyết và bài tập tiếng anh ôn thi công chức Lý thuyết và bài tập tiếng anh ôn thi công chức Lý thuyết và bài tập tiếng anh ôn thi công chức Lý thuyết và bài tập tiếng anh ôn thi công chức Lý thuyết và bài tập tiếng anh ôn thi công chức Lý thuyết và bài tập tiếng anh ôn thi công chức

nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 1 NỘI DUNG ÔN TẬP NGỮ PHÁP UNIT 1: PARTS OF SPEECH – LEXICAL WORDS 1.1. Động từ (Verbs) 1.2. Tính từ (Adjectives) 1.3. Trạng từ (Adverbs) 1.4. Danh từ (Nouns) UNIT 2: WORD FORMATION 2.1. Verbs → Nouns 2.1. Adjectives → Nouns 2.3. Nouns → Verbs 2.4. Adjectives → Verbs 2.5. Nouns → Adjectives 2.6. Verbs → Adjectives UNIT 3: PARTS OF SPEECH – GRAMMATICAL WORDS 3.1. Defintie and Indefinite articles 3.2. Determiners and quantifiers 3.3. Conjunctions 3.4. Another and other 3.5. Prepositions UNIT 4: TYPES OF QUESTIONS 4.1. Yes/No Questions 4.2. Question Word Questions 4.3. Tag Questions UNIT 5: TENSES - CÁC THỜI CƠ BẢN 5.1. Present simple - Hiện tại ñơn 5.2. Present continuous - Thời hiện tại tiếp diễn 5.3. Past simple – Quá khứ ñơn 5.4. Past continuous – Quá khứ tiếp diễn 5.5. Future Simple – Tương lai ñơn 5.6. Present perfect - Hiện tại hoàn thành 5.7. Past perfect – Quá khứ hoàn thành UNIT 6: CÁC DẠNG VIẾT LẠI CÂU SAO CHO NGHĨA KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI 6.1: CONDITIONALS 6.1.1. Câu ñiều kiện loại 1 – Conditional (TYPE I) 6.1.2. Câu ñiều kiện loại 2 – Conditional (TYPE II) 6.1.3. Câu ñiều kiện loại 3 – Conditional (TYPE III) 6.2. BỊ ĐỘNG - THE PASSIVE 6.3. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS IN COMPARISION 6.4. REPORTED SPEECH UNIT 7: CÁC CỤM TỪ CÓ GIỚI TỪ/ ĐỘNG TỪ CÓ GIỚI TỪ 7.1. CỤM TÍNH TỪ KẾT HỢP VỚI GIỚI TỪ 7.2. CỤM DANH TỪ KẾT HỢP VỚI GIỚI TỪ OnThiCongChuc.Tk nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 2 7.3. CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ KẾT HỢP VỚI GIỚI TỪ UNIT 1: PARTS OF SPEECH – LEXICAL WORDS 1.1. VERBS: ĐỘNG TỪ Ví dụ: I am a learner of English. She is a computer technician . We often go to work at 7 o’clock. Vietnam exports a lot of rice to some countries in the world. Last year, our company imported a thousand cars from Japan. Note: Vị trí của ñộng từ sau chủ ngữ và dạng luôn biến ñổi theo thời, ngôi và số của chủ ngữ A. Classes of verbs: Loại ñộng từ 1. The auxiliaries - trợ ñộng từ: to be, to have, to do; can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, would; to need, - can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, would + ñộng từ nguyên thể - to be, to have, to do: biến ñổi dạng theo thời - to need: need to do/ need doing 2. All other verbs, which we may call ordinary verbs: to work, to sing, to play B. Dạng phủñịnh Thêm not vào trợ ñộng từ does not/ doesn't or do not/ don't; did not/ didn’t; have not/ haven't or has not/ hasn't C.Dạng phủ ñịnh khác never, no (adjective), none, nobody, no one, nothing, hardly, hardly ever etc. ñược dùng với ñộng từ dạng khẳngñịnh. Ví dụ: He didn't eat anything or He ate nothing. He doesn't ever complain or He never complains. We haven't seen anyone or We have seen no one. They didn't speak much or They hardly speak at all/ They hardly ever speak. PRACTICE Which of the four alternatives completes the sentences in the correct or most likely way? Sometimes more than one alternative is possible. OnThiCongChuc.Tk nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 3 1. Each July we to Turkey for a holiday. a. are going b. go c. went d. were going 2. The growing number of visitors the footpaths. a. is damaging b. damages c. are damaging d. was damaging 3. Jane just a few minutes ago. a. left b. has left c. leaves d. had left 4. Timpson 13 films and I think her latest is the best. a. made b. had made c. has made d. was making 5. Robert lately? a. Did you see b. Have you seen c. Do you see d. Are you seeing 6. When I was a child the violin. a. I was playing b. I’m playing c. I play d. I played 7. until midnight last night a. I have been reading b. I read c. I was reading d. I have read 8. He for the national team in 65 matches so far. a. has played b. has been playing c. played d. is playing 9. Sorry we're late, we the wrong turning. a. had taken b. were taking c. took d. are taking 10. She from flu when she was interviewed a. was suffering b. had been suffering c. had suffered d. suffered 1.2. ADJECTIVES A. Kinds of adjectives - Loại tính từ 1. The main kinds are: (a) Demonstrative: this, that, these, those (b) Distributive: each, every, either, neither (c) Quantitative: some, any, no; little/few; many, much; one, twenty (d) Interrogative: which, what, whose (e) Possessive: my, your, his, Vị trí: ñi trước danh từ: this book, which boy, my dog (f) Of quality: clever, dry, fat, golden, good, heavy, square (g) Participles: V-ing or V-ed: Chủ ñộng: amusing, boring, tiring etc., Bị ñộng: amused, bored, tired etc., . Ví dụ: The play was boring. I was bored with the film. Vị trí: Đi sau một số ñộng từ: OnThiCongChuc.Tk nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 4 Be + adj: chỉ tính chất sự vật, sự việc; chỉ tính cách con người, chỉ màu sắc, … Become/ get/ grow/ turn + adj: trở nên, trở thành - She gets more and more beautiful. Stand/ stay/ keep + adj: - The store stays open late in the evening. - You should keep your room tidy. seem, appear + adj: có vẻ như, hình như feel, look, smell, sound, taste, turn + adj make + sth/sbd + adj Tom felt cold. He made her happy. The idea sounds interesting. Đi trước danh từ: A beautiful girl/ an interesting film/ a golden ring/ … Các tính từ dạng phân từ(V-ed) thường ñược dùng kết hợp với giới từ trong các cụm cốñịnh như: Be interested in bored with tired of frightened of terrified of ashamed of Be embarrassed by attracted by impressed by fascinated by worried about well-prepared for Be surprised at/ about satisfied with pleased with disappointed with crowded with based on 1.3. ADVERBS Dạng của trạng từ Adj + ly/y/ally/ily → Adv expensive/ expensively full/fully dramatic/dramatically day/daily Dạng adj và adv giống nhau: hard early fast late daily weekly monthly quarterly far Dạng ñặc biệt: good → well Phân biệt cách dùng của tính từ và trạng từ ADJECTIVE: There has been a significant improvement in the economy. ADVERB: The economy has improved significantly. Cách dùng khác của trạng từ ADVERB + ADJECTIVE: We have got relatively good year. OnThiCongChuc.Tk nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 5 ADVERB + PAST PARTICIPLE: Their products are always attractivelypackaged. ADVERB + ADVERB: She does her job extremely well. . Exercise I. Rewrite the sentences using verbs and adverbs: 1. There was a sudden fall in shares in March. In March the shares fell suddenly . 2. There was a brief recovery in April In April they recovered . 3. In June there was a dramatic collapse. In June they collapsed . 4. There was a steady improvement in September and October. In September and October they improved . 1.4. NOUNS 1.4.1. Loại danh từ và chức năng There are four kinds of noun in English: Common nouns: dog, man, table Proper nouns: France, Madrid, Mrs Smith, Tom Abstract nouns: beauty, charity, courage, fear, joy Collective nouns: crowd, group, swarm, team, flock A noun can function as: The subject of a verb: Tom arrived The complement of the verbs be, become, seem: Tom is an actor. The object of a verb: I saw Tom. The object of a preposition: I spoke to Tom. A noun can also be in the possessive case: Tom's books. 1.4.2. Countables & Uncountables: Đếm ñược và không ñếm ñược We could see a ship in the distance. Claire has only got one sister. I've got a problem with the car. Do you like these photos? I'm going out for five minutes. Can I have some water? Shall we sit on the grass? The money is quite safe. I love music. Would you like some butter? 1.4.3. Singulars and Plurals: Sốít và số nhiều OnThiCongChuc.Tk nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 6 Danh từ có quy tắc: Danh từ số ít + s = Danh từ số nhiều Danh từ bất quy tắc: a> Danh từ số ít kết thúc bằng “f” hoặc “fe” • Bỏ f/fe, thêm ves: a knife – knives, one half – two halves, my life – their lives, a wolf – wolves. • Giữ nguyên, thêm s: one roof – roofs, a cliff – many cliffs, a safe – safes • Có thể giữ nguyên, cũng có thể bỏ f/fe thêm s: a dwarf – the seven dwarfs/ dwarves, one wharf – a few wharfs/ wharves b> Danh từ có kết thúc bằng: “o, s, ss, sh, ch, x” ta cộng thêm “es” ñể trở thành danh từ số nhiều Ví dụ: a potato – two potatoes, a watch – two watches, a box – two boxes, … c> Những danh từ số nhiều ñặc biệt Những danh từ số nhiều ñặc biệt xuất xứ từ tiếng Anh cổ. • a man – men • a woman – women • a person people OnThiCongChuc.Tk nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 7 • a foot – feet • a goose – geese • a tooth – teeth • a child – children • an ox – oxen (castrated bulls) • a brother – brethren (in church orders), brothers (in a family) • a mouse – mice • a louse – lice • a die – dice (for playing games) Có rất nhiều danh từ có dạng số nhiều và số ít giống nhau như: • a sheep – sheep, a deer – deer, a moose – moose • a fish – fish (fishes: dùng khi chỉ các loài cá khác nhau ) • a dozen – two dozen roses, a hundred – several hundred men (nhưng có thể nói: dozens of roses, hundreds of people) • a TV series – many TV series, • a means – two means • a species – two species d> Danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều Một số danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều, cho dù có kết thúc bằng “s” hay không. • The police are looking for the robbers. • I like these pants / jeans / shorts. • Use either scissors or nail clippers. • Binoculars are stronger than any glasses. f> Danh từ kết thúc bằng “o” Với những từ kết thúc bằng “o”, khi chuyển sang danh từ số nhiều ta thêm "s" hoặc "es." Nếu là một nguyên âm ñứng trước “o” thì chỉ cần thêm “s”, như: • Radio-radios, video-videos Nếu trước “o” là một phụ âm thì không có quy tắc nhất quán: • Potato-potatoes, hero-heroes Nhưng • Photo-photos, memo-memos Những từ kết thúc bằng “y” thường chuyển “y” thành “i” rồi mới thêm “es” • Cry-cries, fly-flies, party-parties ex/ix – ices an index - indices, indexes The matrix - matrices OnThiCongChuc.Tk nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 8 appendix - appendices, appendixes Note: Một số danh từ không ñếm ñược:: accommodation, baggage, behavior, equipment, fun, furniture, homework, housework, litter, luck, luggage, progress, rubbish, scenery, traffic, travel, weather, work, advice, money, machinery, news, trouble, cash UNIT 2: WORD FORMATION (cách cấu tạo từ mới bằng cách thêm hậu tố) 2.1. Verbs → Nouns - al: arrival/ proposal/ approval/ - ance: performance/ insurance/ appearance/ assurance/ - ation: invitation/ examination/ explanation/ exploration/ transportation/ information/ expectation/ - ion: reduction/ collection/ suggestion/ production/ discussion/ impression/protection/ promotion/ translation/ invention/ - ence: dependence/ difference/ reference/ preference/ - ment : investment/ improvement/ development/ encouragement/ government/ management/ employment/ retirement/ entertainment/ movement/ agreement/ payment - er/or: investor/ teacher/ actor/ player/ - ant: consultant/ servant/ applicant/ pollutant - y: discovery/ delivery - ure: failure/ pleasure/ 2.1. Adjectives → Nouns - ness: politeness/ happiness/ competitiveness/ carefulness/ helpfulness/ usefulness/ expensiveness/ - ity: productivity/ ability/ possibility/ profitability/ responsibility/ nationality/ personality/ popularity/ electricity/ majority/ similarity/ - y: difficulty/ 2.3. Nouns → Verbs - fy: beautify/ qualify/ 2.4. Adjectives → Verbs - ize: industrialize/ nationalize/ internationalize/ modernize/ urbanize/ globalize/ privatize/standardize/ - ify: simplify/ clarify/ 2.5. Nouns → Adjectives - ous: dangerous/ famous/ - ful: beautiful/ plentiful/ successful/ powerful/ painful/ - al: national/ international/ professional/ personal/ natural/ traditional/ governmental/ - ical: historical/ - able: comfortable/ valuable/ - ial: commercial/ industrial/ presidential/ financial/ - y: risky/ healthy/ wealthy/ - ive: successive/ impressive/ OnThiCongChuc.Tk nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 9 2.6. Verbs → Adjectives - ful: useful/ hopeful/ harmful/ helpful/ fearful - less: useless/ hopeless/ harmless/ helpless - able: considerable/ portable/ understandable/ manageable/ eatable/ predictable/ enjoyable/ negotiable/ imaginable/ remarkable/ UNIT 3: PARTS OF SPEECH – GRAMMATICAL WORDS 3.1. DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES - MẠO TỪ ►Cách dùngcủa“a/an”: Trước danh từ sốít lần ñầu ñược nhắc ñến: I need a visa. They live in a flat. Để khái quát chung: A car must be insured = All cars/ Any cars must be insured. A child needs love = All children/ Any child needs love. Trong cụm từ cốñịnh chỉ lượng: a lot of a couple of a great many of a great deal of a dozen ►Uses of “the”: - “the” dùng trước danh từñược nhắc lại: We have bought a Mac and a PC. The Mac cost $2500 and the PC cost $2100. - Trước danh từ có thông tin xácñịnh Where is the file that I gave you this morning? - Trước danh từ là duy nhất trong phạm vi nàoñó Would you like to come in? The chairman will see you now. The earth; the world; the Sun; the Moon; the President of America, etc. - Trước tính từ dạng hơn nhất (superlatives) Coca Cola is the most famous soft drink in the world. - Trước tính từñể chỉ nhóm người The rich do not do enough to help the poor. - Refers to rivers, mountains, seas, and names of countries that include a noun like republic, kingdom, union, etc. The Aral Sea in the former Soviet Union is very polluted. The United Kingdom; the United States of America, etc ►No article - Khái quát chung với danh từ ñếm ñược số nhiều và không ñếm ñược: Money is the root of all evil. - Trước danh từ chỉ công ty, thành phố, ñường xá,… I work for Goldman Sachs in London, and I have a house in Western Road. I OnThiCongChuc.Tk nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 10 also have a holiday home in Crete and another near Lake Garda. - Với các thành ngữ thông dụng to/ at school to/at college/ university to/in class to/in/ into church by car/bus… day after day to/in bed to/out of prison to/at/from work at/to sea from top to bottom with knife and fork to.in/from town at/from home in dock to market for breakfast/lunch… PRACTICE Exercise 1: Complete this true story. Put in a/an or the. A man decided to rob (1) bank in the town where he lived. He walked into (2) bank and handed (3) note to one of (4) cashiers. (5) cashier read (6) note, which told her to give (7) man some money. Afraid that he might have (8) gun, she did as she was told. (9) man then walked out of (10) building, leaving (11) note behind. However, he had no time to spend (12) money because he was arrested (13) same day. He had made (14) mistake. He had written (15) note on (16) back of (17) envelope. And on (18) other side of (19) envelope was his name and address. This clue was quite enough for (20) detectives on the case. Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with a, an, the or∅ ∅∅ ∅ (no article). HERE'S WHERE THE MONEY LIVES USA (1) richest man in (2) USA is Bill Gates, (3) Chairman of (4) Microsoft. The billionaire, who is known to have boyish streak, gives 'theme' parties for his employees. One theme was (5) Africa. Party NIGERIA Five ships full of industrial waste were shipped from Italy to Koko in Nigeria, where (1) farmer was paid US$8,750 to store (2) waste on his land. This was a bargain for the Europeans and a fortune for (3) farmer. Local children played in the JAPAN Sanwa Bank, one of (1) world's largest banks, is offering its clients (2) savings accounts for (3) pets. Clients' pets can hold accounts where they can save special treats, (4) holidays, or visits to the vet. A funeral for (5) cat OnThiCongChuc.Tk [...]... another one I don’t want this book Please give me the other one This chemical is poisonous Other ones are poisonous too I don’t want these books Please give me the other ones - This ho c that có th dùng one nhưng these và those ones, m c dù c 4 t này ñ u có th dùng thay cho danh t (v i vai trò là ñ i t ) khi không ñi v i one ho c ones: I don’t want this book I want that 14 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586... …………… like this A something B everything C nothing D anything 15 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 Th On 16 ………… tourists do not visit this part of the town A A most B The most C Most of D Most 17 ………… her friends live in Ho Chi Minh City A Most B The most C Most of D A & C th 18 The church is very old …………… it was built in the 17 century A All B Most C Most of D Some 19 “How much of this money... Dùng v i danh t ñ m ñư c k N u other có “The” ñi kèm theo trư c: “The other” là xác ñ nh N u ch ng là ñã bi t (ñư c nh c ñ n trư c ñó) thì ta có th b danh t ñi sau “another” ho c “other”, ch c n dùng “another” ho c “other” như m t ñ i t là ñ Khi danh t s nhi u b lư c b t (trong cách nói t t nêu trên) thì “other” tr thành “others” Không bao gi ñư c dùng others + danh t s nhi u Dùng v i danh t không ñ m... set) The other + danh t ñ m ñư c s nhi u = nh ng cái còn l i (c a m t b ), nh ng ngư i còn l i (c a m t nhóm), = the rest of the set The other pencils = all remaining pencils Other + danh t không ñ m ñư c = m t chút n a (= more of the set) Other water = some more water The other + danh t không ñ m ñư c = ch còn sót l i The other water = the remaining water k c.T hu gC on - I don’t want this book Please... are you thinking about? b) What do you think about? Th 5 a) I am feeling much better today b) I feel much better today 6 a) What are you looking at? 7 iC b) What do you look at? a) I am not hearing you b) I can't hear you a) What are you thinking of me? on 8 b) What do you think of me? 9 a) I am feeling we should go home now b) I feel we should go home now a) This bread is tasting funny gC 10 b) This... u Dùng v i danh t không ñ m ñư c 13 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 On An + other + danh t ñ m ñư c s ít = m t cái, m t cái, m t ngư i n a, m t ngư i khác (= one more) The other + danh t ñ m ñư c s ít = cái cu i cùng còn l i (c a m t b ), ngư i còn l i (m t nhóm), = last of the set present The other pencil = the last pencil present iC Th Other + danh t ñ m ñư c s nhi u = m y cái n a, m y cái... trees/dancing lots of trees/dancing plenty of trees/dancing a lack of trees/dancing 11 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 Not much Most + N (danh t chưa xác ñ nh)/ Most of the + N (danh t xác ñ nh) • On • • • • Most colleges have their own admissions policy Most students apply to several colleges Most of the instructors at this college have a doctorate Most of the water has evaporated Many Th Many a young... month? Why……….? c.T 3 Gi i t ch nơi ch n + ñ a danh - In Hanoi - To Ho Chi Minh city - Gi i t ch nơi ch n: in, on, at, behind, beside, in front of, above, over, below, under, in the middle of, next to, near, far from, … - Đ a danh: Danh t chung: in a village, in the city, in the country, in the mountain, on the beach, at the seaside, on the coast, … Danh t riêng: in Hanoi, in London, in the USA, …... did you build this house? - When are you going to take the exams? 20 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 - Because + câu k ti p - Because + ph n còn l i c a câu - to do sth/ for sth/ for doing sth On - Why + c câu ? - Why + 1 v c a câu? - Why…? = What for …? Which …? - Which language do you prefer? Whose …? - Whose car is it? 5 6 Th - French - tính t s h u + danh t ho c ñ i t s h u This is my car/It’s... …? Which …? - Which language do you prefer? Whose …? - Whose car is it? 5 6 Th - French - tính t s h u + danh t ho c ñ i t s h u This is my car/It’s mine - s h u cách v i danh t This is my father’s car - là ph n danh t hay c m danh t sau “be” n u h i cho v ng / ho c ch ng trư c “be” Fork music was popular among college students - thành ph n ch ng - to do sth “if the international line is busy, you . Plurals: Sốít và số nhiều OnThiCongChuc.Tk nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 6 Danh từ có quy tắc: Danh từ số ít + s = Danh từ số nhiều Danh từ bất quy tắc: a> Danh từ số ít. rarely seen …………… like this. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything OnThiCongChuc.Tk nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 16 16. ………… tourists do not visit this part of the. “other” trở thành “others”. Không bao giờ ñược dùng others + danh từ số nhiều. Dùng với danh từ ñếm ñược Dùng với danh từ không ñếm ñược OnThiCongChuc.Tk nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586