- Yes/no questions
B. Verb + objec t+ preposition
MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC CƠ BẢN
► Cấu trúc câu
“S + Be + Adj + to do sth”: Ai ñó làm gì như thế nào/ Ai ñó như thế nào khi làm gì Ví dụ: I am happy to get your letter
“It + Be + Adj + (for sbd) + to do sth” Ví dụ: It is difficult for me to learn English.
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“S + V + too + Adj/ Adv + (for sbd) + to do sth”: quá ñến nỗi mà … Ví dụ: She is too old to work.
These books are too expensive for me to buy.
“S + V + Adj/ Adv + Enough + (for sbd) + to do sth
Ví dụ:Tom is strong enough to lift the boxes.
“ It + Be + Adj + Of + sbd + to do sth”
Ví dụ: It is very kind of you to help the poor.
It was stupid of them to leave their bicycles outside.
(kind of/ stupid of/ selfish of/ wrong of)
“It + Be + Adj + That + S + INF/ SHOULD INF”
Ví dụ: It is important that we be/ should be on time.
NOTE
- Dạng Subjunctive dùng với một số tính từ khẩn thiết như: advisable/ anxious/ better/ best/ desirable/ essential/ important/ good/ mandatory (bắt buộc)/ necessary/ preferable/ vital/ willing/ urgent/ …
- Các ñộng từ khẩn thiết: ask/ demand/ insist/ propose/ recommend/ urge/ require/ order/ advise/ desire/ stipulate (ñòi hỏi) advise/ desire/ stipulate (ñòi hỏi)
Ví dụ:
The committee recommended that the scheme go/should go ahead. - Past Subjunctive:
• It is time / about time/ high time + sbd + V(past) Ví dụ:
It’s about time Jack did some work for his examination. It’s time I was going.
It’s time to go home. It’s time for us to go home. • S1 + would rather + S2 + V(past) Ví dụ:
I’d rather you went home now.
Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend.
“It + take + sbd + time + to do sth”
Ví dụ:
It took him two hours to write the letter.
“S + Be/ Get used to + sth or doing sth”
Ví dụ:
I am used to the heat because I have been living here for a long time.
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“It was not until …….. that ……”
Ví dụ:
It was not until midnight that the noise next door stopped. It was not until Ali was eight that he began to read.
“So + Adj/Adv + That + Mệnh ñề”
Ví dụ:
The film was so good that I saw it three times.
(= The film is so good that I have seen it three times) The manager was so sick that he could not go to work.
“Such + a/an/ ‘zero article’ + Adj + N + that + Mệnh ñề”
Ví dụ:
It was such a hard cake that he couldn’t eat it.
“Neither + S1 + Nor + S2 + V”
Ví dụ:
Neither my brother nor I am good ar French.
Neither the moon nor the planet Mars has an atmostphere.
“Not only ……. + But also/ But ………, too/ as well”
Ví dụ:
He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me
“Not only + Aux + S1 + V + ….. + But + S2 + Also/ As well”
Ví dụ:
Not only did he spend all his money, but he also borrowed some from me. Not only is television boring, but it also wastes a lot of time.
“S1 + Had +
No sooner + PII + Than Hardly + PII + When Scarcely + PII + When
+ S2 + V(past)
Ví dụ:
The keeper had no sooner opened the sage door than the lion attacked him I had hardly closed my eyes when the telephone rang.
I had scarcely closed the door when somebody started knocking.
No sooner Hardly + Scarcely
Than
Had + S + PII + When + When
S + V(past)
Ví dụ:
No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she began to have serious doubts.
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Hardly had I closed my eyes when I began to imagine the most fantastic shapes. Scarcely had the performance begun when the lights went out.
“No matter how + Adj/ Adv + S + V …”
Ví dụ:
No matter how intelligent you may be, you should be careful about this.
No matter how hard he tries, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
“Prefer + sth/doing sth + to + sth/ doing sth”
Ví dụ:
Tom prefers reading to talking.
“Would rather + do sth + than + do sth” “Would rather + do sth + than + sth”
Ví dụ:
I would rather go out than stay at home. I would rather have hot weather than cold.
“Like + sth/doing sth + Better than + sth/doing sth”
Ví dụ:
Tom like reading better than talking. ► Cấu trúc của ñộng từ
would rather do = prefer to do/ prefer doing sth: thà làm gì hơn, thích làm gì hơn
had better do = should: nên làm gì
encourage sbd to do sth = promote sbd to do: khuyến khích ai làm gì
manage to do = succeed in doing: thành công trong việc làm gì
promise to do sth: hứa làm gì
prevent sbd from doing sth: ngăn cản ai làm gì
give up sth/ doing sth: từ bỏ cái gì/ việc làm gì
seem to do: dường như/ hình như
He seemed to get angry: Hình như anh ta nổi nóng
force sbd to do = make sbd do: bắt ai làm gì
spend + time + doing sth = take (sbd) + time + to do sth: dành thgian làm gì / mất bn thgian ñể làm gì
play an important role in sth/ doing sth:ñóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc gì/ làm gì
try to do sth : cố gắng làm gì
go on an excursion to swh: ñi dã ngoại tới ñâu
afford to do sth/ afford sth = have enough money to do sth: có ñủ tiền ñể làm gì
find sth + adj + to do sth:
I find English difficult to learn: Tôi thấy tiếng Anh khó học
avoid doing sth: tránh làm gì
advise sbd to do = urge sbd to do: khuyên ai làm gì
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to be kind to sbd: cư xử tốt với ai
hope to do = expect to do : hy vọng làm gì
cause sth/ cause sth to do: gây ra ñiều gì/
can't help doing sth: không thể không/ không thể dừng việc gì
I can't help admiring him in spite of his faults: Không thể không ca ngợi anh ta cho dù anh ta có nhiều lỗi/ nhiều tật
remove sth from sth: loại bỏ cái gì khỏi cái gì
tend to do: có xu hướng làm gì
remind sbd to do : nhắc ai làm gì
remind sbd of doing sth: nhắc ai nhớ lại việc gì/ ñã làm gì
remember to do : nhớ làm gì
remember doing: nhớ là ñã làm gì ><forget to do sth/ forget doing sth: quên
fail to do sth: thất bại vì không làm ñược việc gì
He failed to buy that house because he offered a low price: Anh ấy không mua ñược ngôi nhà ñó vì anh ta trả giá thấp.
persuade sbd to do sth: thuyết phục ai làm gì
let sbd do sth = allow sbd to do sth: ñể ai/ cho phép ai làm gì
thank sbd for sth/doing sth: cám ơn ai vềñiều gì/ việc làm gì
keep doing: tiếp tục
Oil prices keep rising now: Giá dầu vẫn tiếp tục tăng
benefit from sth/ doing sth: có lợi từ cái gì/ từ việc làm gì
request/ require/ ask sbd to do sth:yêu cầu/ ñề nghị ai làm gì
look forward to sth/ doing sth: mong ñợi, mong chờ
decide to do: quyết ñịnh làm gì
carry on sth/ doing sth: thực hiện việc gì
need doing: cần ñược làm gì
The house needs redecorating before Tet holiday.
used to do sth: từng làm gì (trong quá khứ)
get used to/ be used to sth/ doing sth: quen với ñiều gì, việc làm gì
escape from sth/ doing sth: trốn thoát khỏi
stop to do = finish dừng (việc gì) ñể làm gì
stop doing: dừng làm gì
start/ begin to do = start/ begin doing: bắt ñầu
help sbd to do / help sbd do sth: giúp ai làm gì
suggest that sbd should do sth/ suggest doing sth : gợi ý (ai ñó) nên làm gì
depend on: phụ thuộc
believe in sbd/ sth: tin tưởng
Take care of sth/ sbd: chăm sóc
take advantage of: tận dụng lợi thế của cái gì
warn sbd (not) to do: cảnh báo ai làm gì/ ñừng làm gì
order sbd to do: ra lệnh cho ai làm gì
admit doing sth: thừa nhận ñã làm gì
deny doing sth: phủ nhận ñã làm gì
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apologize (to sbd) for doing sth: xin lỗi (ai) vì ñã làm gì
offer to do sth: xin ñược làm gì
refuse to do: từ chối làm gì