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instant 168 interest bullying in our local school. ć In this in- stance, we will pay for the damage. ȣ for instance as an example ć Why don’t you take up a new sport – golf, for instance? instant instant /nstənt/ noun a moment or sec- ond ć For an instant, he stood still and watched the policemen. í adjective im- mediate ć A savings account can give you instant access to your money. instantly instantly /nstəntli/ adverb so soon af- ter an event that no time appears to have passed in between instead instead /n sted/, instead of adverb in place of ć We haven’t any coffee – would you like some tea instead? ć If you can’t go, can I go instead? ć I’m going instead of him, because he’s ill. ć Instead of stopping when the police of- ficer shouted, he ran away. institute institute /nsttjut/ noun an organisa- tion set up for a special purpose ć They are proposing to set up a new institute of education. ć She goes to the research institute’s library every week. institution institution /nst tjuʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. an organisation or society set up for a spe- cial purpose ć A prison is an institution which houses criminals. 2. a permanent custom ć British institutions such as cream teas and the royal family ć The lottery has rapidly become a national institution. 3. the process of setting something up ć the institution of legal action against the president instruct instruct /n strkt/ verb to show some- one how to do something ( formal ) ć We were all instructed in the use of the fire safety equipment. instruction instruction /n strkʃən/ noun 1. a statement telling someone what they must do 2. something which explains how something is to be done or used ć She gave us detailed instructions how to get to the church. instructor instructor /n strktə/ noun a teacher, especially of a sport instrument instrument /nstrυmənt/ noun a piece of equipment or a tool ć The technical staff have instruments which measure the flow of electricity. insult insult 1 /nslt/ noun a rude word said to or about a person ć That is an insult to the government. ć The crowd shouted insults at the police. insult insult 2 /n slt/ verb to say rude things about someone ć He was accused of in- sulting the president’s wife. insulting insulting /n sltŋ/ adjective rude ć I’m used to hearing insulting things about my business. insurance insurance /n ʃυərəns/ noun an agree- ment with a company by which you are paid money for loss or damage in return for regular payments of money ć Do you have insurance for your travel? intelligence intelligence /n teldəns/ noun 1. the ability to think and understand ć His in- telligence is well above average. 2. in- formation provided by the secret servic- es ć Intelligence gathered by our net- work of agents is very useful to us in planning future strategy. intelligent intelligent /n teldənt/ adjective able to understand and learn things very well ć He’s the most intelligent child in his class. intense intense /n tens/ adjective very strong or extreme ć There was a period of in- tense activity to try to finish the work be- fore they went on holiday. ć She had an intense period of study before the ex- ams. intention intention /n tenʃən/ noun an aim or plan to do something ć I have no inten- tion of going to the party. ć The fans came with the deliberate intention of making trouble. interest interest /ntrəst/ noun 1. special atten- tion to something ć She takes a lot of in- terest in politics. ć He has no interest in what his sister is doing. ć Why doesn’t he take more interest in local affairs? 2. a thing that you enjoy doing ć Her main interest is canoeing. ć List your special interests on your CV. 3. a payment made to someone who lends money ć Deposit accounts pay more interest. ć How much interest do I have to pay if I bor- row £1000? í verb to attract someone ć He’s particularly interested in old cars. ć Nothing seems to interest him very much. ć The book didn’t interest me at Basic.fm Page 168 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com interested 169 interview all. ć He tried to interest several com- panies in his new invention. interested interested /ntrəstd/ adjective with a personal interest in something ć He’s interested in old churches. ć She’s in- terested in crime fiction. interesting interesting /ntrəstŋ/ adjective at- tracting your attention; enjoyable ć There’s an interesting article in the newspaper on European football. ć She didn’t find the TV programme very in- teresting. ć What’s so interesting about old cars? – I find them dull. interfere interfere /ntə fə/ verb ˽ to interfere in or with something to get in the way of something, to be involved in some- thing in such a way that it does not work well ć His mother is always interfering in his private life. ć Stop interfering with the TV controls. interference interference /ntə fərəns/ noun 1. an involvement with someone else’s life or business ć His parents’ interference in his travel plans annoyed him. 2. a noise which affects radio or TV programmes interjection interjection /ntə dekʃən/ noun an exclamation, a word used to show an emotion such as surprise intermittent intermittent /ntə mt(ə)nt/ adjective stopping and starting in an irregular way ć Intermittent showers are expected over the weekend. internal internal /n tn(ə)l/ adjective inside international international /ntə nʃ(ə)nəl/ adjec- tive between countries ć an internation- al conference on the environment ć an important international company í noun a sportsperson who has played for his or her country’s team against anoth- er country ć There are three England internationals in our local team. Internet Internet /ntənet/ noun an international network allowing people to exchange information on computers using tele- phone lines ć We send messages over the Internet to hundreds of users of our products. ć He searched the Internet for information on cheap plane tickets. (NOTE: also called simply the Net) interpret interpret /n tprt/ verb to translate what someone is saying into a different language ć His brother knows Greek, so he will interpret for us. interpretation interpretation /n tpr teʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a meaning ć A poem can have many interpretations. ć The book puts quite a different interpretation on the meaning of the rule. 2. the act of trans- lating what someone is saying into a dif- ferent language 3. a way of playing a piece of music ć Two of the young mu- sicians were praised for their interpre- tations of Bach. interrupt interrupt /ntə rpt/ verb to start talk- ing when someone else is talking ć Ex- cuse me for interrupting, but have you seen the office keys anywhere? interruption interruption /ntə rpʃən/ noun something that interrupts or stops you from working interval interval /ntəv(ə)l/ noun 1. a period of time between two events or points in time ć There will be bright intervals during the morning, but it will rain in the afternoon. ć There will be a short interval during which the table will be cleared. 2. a period of time between two acts in a play ć Anyone arriving late won’t be allowed in until the first inter- val. interview interview /ntəvju/ noun 1. a conver- sation between a famous or interesting person and a journalist, broadcast on ra- dio or TV, or printed in a newspaper ć She gave an interview to the Sunday magazine. 2. a formal meeting in which one or more people ask you questions to find out if you are suitable for some- thing such as a particular job or a course at university ć We asked six candidates for interview. ć He’s had eight inter- views, but still no job offers. ć When will you attend your first interview? í verb 1. to ask a famous or interesting person questions about themselves and their work in order to publish or broad- cast what they say ć The journalist in- terviewed the Prime Minister. 2. to meet a person who is applying for something such as a job or a place on a university course, to see if he or she is suitable ć We interviewed ten candidates, but did not find anyone we liked. Basic.fm Page 169 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com into 170 Irish into into /ntə, ntυ, ntu/ preposition 1. used for showing movement towards the inside ć She went into the shop. ć He fell into the lake. ć Put the cards back into their box. ć You can’t get ten peo- ple into a taxi. ć We all stopped talking when he came into the room. ć The bus is going into the town centre. 2. hitting against something ć The bus drove into a lamp post. 3. used for showing a change ć The tadpole changed into a frog. ć Water turns into steam when it is heated. 4. used for showing that you are dividing something ć Try to cut the cake into ten equal pieces. introduce introduce /ntrə djus/ verb to tell someone another person’s name when they meet for the first time ć He intro- duced me to a friend of his called Anne. ć She introduced me to her new teacher. introduction introduction /ntrə dkʃən/ noun 1. a part at the beginning of a book which describes the subject of the book ć Read the introduction which gives an expla- nation of the book’s layout. 2. a book which gives basic information about a subject ć He’s the author of an intro- duction to mathematics. invent invent /n vent/ verb 1. to create a new process or a new machine ć She invent- ed a new type of computer terminal. ć Who invented this indexing system? 2. to make up an excuse ć When she asked him why he was late he invented some story about the train not arriving. invention invention /n venʃən/ noun 1. the act of creating a new process or a new ma- chine ć The invention of computers was made possible by developments in elec- tronics. 2. a machine or process that someone has invented inventor inventor /n ventə/ noun a person who invents new processes or new machines invest invest /n vest/ verb 1. to use your mon- ey for buying things such as property or shares in a company, so that you will make a profit ć She was advised to in- vest in government bonds. ć He invested all his money in a fish-and-chip restau- rant. 2. to spend money on something which you believe will be useful ć We have invested in a new fridge. investigate investigate /n vestet/ verb to try to find out about something ć The detec- tive is investigating the details of the case. ć We are investigating the possi- bility of going to live abroad. investigation investigation /n vest eʃ(ə)n/ noun a close examination ć a police investi- gation into the causes of the crash invisible invisible /n vzb(ə)l/ adjective which cannot be seen ć The message was writ- ten in invisible ink and hidden inside the pages of a book. invitation invitation /nv teʃ(ə)n/ noun a letter or card, asking someone to do some- thing or go somewhere ć He received an invitation to his sister’s wedding. ć She had an invitation to dinner. invite invite /n vat/ verb to ask someone to do something, especially to come to a so- cial event such as a party ć We invited two hundred people to the party. ć She invited us to come in. ć She’s been invit- ed to talk to the club. invoice invoice /nvɔs/ noun a note sent to ask for payment for services or goods ć Our invoice dated November 10th has still not been paid. ć They sent in their in- voice six weeks late. ć Ask the sales as- sistant to make out an invoice for £250. involve involve /n vɒlv/ verb 1. to include someone or something in an activity or situation ć a competition involving teams from ten different countries ć We want to involve the local community in the decision about the bypass. ć Mem- bers of the local council are involved in the company which has won the con- tract for the new road. 2. to make an ac- tivity necessary ć Going to Cambridge from here involves taking a bus and then the train. inwards inwards /nwədz/ adverb towards the inside ć These doors open inwards. Ireland Ireland /aələnd/ noun a large island forming the western part of the British Isles, containing the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland ć These birds are found all over Ireland. Irish Irish /arʃ/ adjective referring to Ireland ć The Irish Sea lies between Ireland and Britain. Basic.fm Page 170 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com iron 171 itself iron iron /aən/ noun 1. a common grey metal ć The old gates are made of iron. (NOTE: no plural in this sense: some iron, lumps of iron, pieces of iron ) 2. an ob- ject with a flat metal bottom, which is heated and used to make clothes smooth after washing ć Don’t leave the iron there – it will burn the clothes. ć If your iron is not hot enough it won’t take the creases out. í verb to make cloth smooth using an iron ć She was ironing shirts when the telephone rang. ć Her skirt doesn’t look as if it has been ironed. irresponsible irresponsible /r spɒnsb(ə)l/ adjec- tive acting or done in a way that shows a lack of good sense irritable irritable /rtəb(ə)l/ adjective easily an- noyed ć He was tired and irritable, and snapped at the children. irritate irritate /rtet/ verb to make someone feel angry or impatient ć It irritates me when the trains run late. irritation irritation /r teʃ(ə)n/ noun a feeling of being annoyed and impatient ć She watched with irritation as he tried to fix the wheel again. is is /z/ 3rd person singular present of be island island /alənd/ noun a piece of land with water all around it ć They live on a little island in the middle of the river. ć The Greek islands are favourite holiday destinations. issue issue /ʃu/ noun 1. an occasion when something is officially given out ć The issue of identity cards has been delayed. 2. a newspaper or magazine which is published at a particular time ć We bought the January issue of the maga- zine. í verb 1. to make something avail- able for use ć The new set of stamps will be issued next week. 2. to give some- thing out officially ć Each soldier was issued with a gun. 3. to come out ć Smoke began to issue from the hole in the ground. it it /t/ pronoun 1. used to refer to some- thing which has just been mentioned ć What do you want me to do with the box? – Put it down. ć Where’s the box? – It’s here. ć She picked up a potato and then dropped it on the ground. ć I put my book down somewhere and now I can’t find it. ć Where’s the newspaper? – It’s on the chair. 2. used for talking about the weather, the date or time or another situation ć Look! – It’s snow- ing. ć It’s miles from here to the railway station. ć Is it the 30th today? ć It’s al- most impossible to get a ticket at this time of year. ć What time is it? – It’s ten o’clock. ć It’s dangerous to use an elec- tric saw when it’s wet. (NOTE: It’s = it is or it has. Do not confuse with its.) IT IT abbr information technology itch itch /tʃ/ noun a place on the skin where you want to scratch ć I’ve got an itch in the middle of my back that’s driving me mad! (NOTE: The plural is itches.) í verb to make someone want to scratch ć The cream made his skin itch more than before. item item /atəm/ noun a thing shown in a list ć We are discussing item four on the agenda. ć Please find enclosed an order for the following items from your cata- logue. ć I couldn’t buy several items on the shopping list because the shop had sold out. its its /ts/ adjective belonging to ‘it’ ć I can’t use the car – one of its tyres is flat. ć The company pays its staff very badly. (NOTE: Do not confuse with it’s.) it’s it’s /ts/ short for it is, it has itself itself /t self/ pronoun 1. used for refer- ring back to a thing or an animal ć The dog seems to have hurt itself. ć The screw had worked itself loose. 2. used for emphasis ć If the plug is all right there must be something wrong with the computer itself. Basic.fm Page 171 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com J j j /de/, J noun the tenth letter of the al- phabet, between I and K jab jab /db/ verb to suddenly push some- thing with a sharp object ć He jabbed the piece of meat with his fork. ć She jabbed me in the back with her umbrel- la. (NOTE: jabs – jabbing – jabbed) jack jack /dk/ noun 1. a tool for raising something heavy, especially a car ć I used the jack to lift the car up and take the wheel off. 2. ( in playing cards ) the card with the face of a young man, with a value between the queen and the ten ć I won because I had the jack of hearts. jacket jacket /dkt/ noun a short coat ć He was wearing a blue jacket and brown trousers. ć Take your jacket off if you are hot. ć This orange jacket shows up in the dark when I ride my bike. jail jail /del/ noun a prison ć She was sent to jail for three months. í verb to put someone in prison ć He was jailed for six years. jam jam /dm/ noun 1. a sweet food made by boiling fruit and sugar together ć Do you want jam or honey on your bread? ć We made jam with the fruit in the gar- den. ć Have you any more jam – the jar is empty? 2. a situation in which too many things block something ć a traffic jam ć There is a paper jam in the print- er. í verb 1. ( of machines ) to stick and not be able to move ć Hold on – the pa- per has jammed in the printer. 2. to force things into a small space ć Don’t try to jam all those boxes into the car boot. ć The switchboard was jammed with calls. (NOTE: jams – jamming – jammed) January January /dnjuəri/ noun the first month of the year, followed by February ć He was born on January 26th. ć It’s his birthday on January 26. ć We never go on holiday in January because it’s too cold. ć We all went skiing last Janu- ary. (NOTE: January 26th or January 26: say ‘the twenty-sixth of January’ or ‘January the twenty-sixth’; American English: ‘January twenty-sixth’.) jar jar /dɑ/ noun a container for food such as jam, usually made of glass ć There was some honey left in the bottom of the jar. ć Use a jam jar for the water you collect. jargon jargon /dɑən/ noun a special type of language used by a trade or profession or a particular group of people ć People are confused by computers because they don’t understand the jargon. jaw jaw /dɔ/ noun the bones in the face which hold the teeth and form the mouth jazz jazz /dz/ noun a type of music with a strong rhythm, and in which the players often make the music up as they play; jazz was first played in the southern United States jealous jealous /deləs/ adjective feeling an- noyed because you want something which belongs to someone else ć John was jealous of Mark because all the girls fancied him. ć She was jealous of his new car. ć Her new boyfriend is very handsome – I’m jealous! jeans jeans /dinz/ plural noun trousers made of a type of strong cotton, often blue ć She came into the office in jeans. ć He bought a new pair of jeans. jelly jelly /deli/ noun a type of sweet food made with fruit, which shakes when you touch it or move it ć The children had fish fingers and chips followed by jelly and ice-cream. (NOTE: The plural is jel- lies.) jerk jerk /dk/ noun a sudden sharp pull ć He felt a jerk on the fishing line. í verb to suddenly pull something hard, often causing pain or injury ć He jerked the rope. jersey jersey /dzi/ noun 1. a warm piece of clothing which covers the top part of Basic.fm Page 172 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com jet 173 journey your body and your arms ć She was knitting a pink jersey for the new baby. 2. a special shirt worn by a member of a sports team ć After every game the players swapped jerseys with the other team. jet jet /det/ noun 1. a long narrow stream of liquid or gas ć A jet of water put out the flames. 2. an aircraft with jet engines ć Jets flew low overhead. jet engine jet engine /det endn/ noun an en- gine which gets its power from a stream of gas jewel jewel /duəl/ noun a valuable stone such as a diamond jewellery jewellery /duəlri/ noun things that you wear as decoration round your neck, fingers, etc., made from things such as valuable stones, gold and silver ć The burglar stole all her jewellery. (NOTE: no plural) jigsaw jigsaw /dsɔ/ noun ˽ jigsaw puzzle a picture made of shaped pieces of wood or cardboard that you have to try to fit together ć As it’s raining, let’s stay in- doors and try to do this huge jigsaw of the Houses of Parliament. job job /dɒb/ noun 1. regular work which you get paid for ć She’s managed to get a job in the local supermarket. ć When the factory closed, hundreds of people lost their jobs. 2. a specific piece of work ć Don’t sit down, there are a cou- ple of jobs I want you to do. ć He does all sorts of little electrical jobs around the house. 3. difficulty ( informal ) ć I had a job trying to find your house. ć What a job it was getting a hotel room at the time of the music festival! jog jog /dɒ/ verb 1. to run fairly slowly, es- pecially for exercise ć He jogged along the river bank for two miles. ć She was listening to her personal stereo as she was jogging. 2. to push someone or something slightly ć Someone jogged my elbow and I spilt my drink. (NOTE: jogs – jogging – jogged) ȣ to jog someone’s memory to make someone remember something ć The police are hoping that the film from the security camera will jog people’s memories. join join /dɔn/ verb 1. to come together ć Go on for about two hundred metres, until the road joins the motorway. ć The two rivers join about four kilometres be- yond the town. 2. to become a member of a club or other organisation ć After university, he is going to join the police. ć She joined the army because she wanted to travel. 3. to do something with someone ć We’re going to have a cup of coffee – would you like to join us? ć Won’t you join us for a game of golf? joint joint /dɔnt/ noun 1. a place where bones come together and can move, such as the knee or the elbow ć Her el- bow joint hurt after her game of tennis. 2. a large piece of meat, especially for cooking in an oven ć The joint of lamb was very tender. ć We all sat round the table while Father carved the joint. í adjective combined, with two or more things connected together joke joke /dəυk/ noun a thing said or done to make people laugh ć She poured water down his neck as a joke. ć They all laughed at his jokes. ć He told jokes all evening. journal journal /dn(ə)l/ noun a book where you write details of things that have happened which you want to remember ć He kept a journal during his visit to China. ć She wrote a journal of the gradual progress of her illness. journalism journalism /dn(ə)lz(ə)m/ noun the profession of writing for newspapers or magazines, or reporting on events for ra- dio or TV journalist journalist /dn(ə)lst/ noun a person who writes for newspapers or maga- zines, or reports on events for radio or TV ć Journalists asked the policeman some very awkward questions. ć Film stars were greeted by journalists from around the world at the première of the new film. journey journey /dni/ noun an occasion when you travel somewhere, usually a long distance ć It’s at least two days’ journey from here. ć They went on a train journey across China. ć She has a difficult journey to work every day – she has to change buses twice. Basic.fm Page 173 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com joy 174 justify joy joy /dɔ/ noun very great happiness ć The birth of our baby son filled us with joy. judge judge /dd/ noun 1. a person whose job is to make legal decisions in a court of law ć He was convicted for stealing, but the judge let him off with a small fine. 2. a person who decides who should win a competition ć The three judges of the beauty contest couldn’t agree. í verb to make decisions in situ- ations such as a court of law or a compe- tition ć He was judged guilty. ć Her painting was judged the best and she won first prize. judgment judgment /ddmənt/, judgement noun 1. a legal decision by a judge or court ć We will appeal against the judg- ment. 2. the ability to make good deci- sions ć He trusted his wife’s judgment in everything. jug jug /d/ noun a container with a han- dle, used for pouring liquids juice juice /dus/ noun a liquid from fruit, vegetables or meat ć They charged me £1 for two glasses of orange juice. ć She had a glass of grapefruit juice for break- fast. juicy juicy /dusi/ adjective full of juice (NOTE: juicier – juiciest) July July /dυ la/ noun the seventh month of the year, between June and August ć July 23 ć We went to Spain last July. ć July is always one of the busiest months for holidays. (NOTE: July 23rd or July 23: say ‘July the twenty-third’ or ‘the twenty-third of July’; American Eng- lish: ‘July twenty-third’.) jump jump /dmp/ noun a sudden movement up or down into the air ć The jump was higher than she thought and she hurt her leg. í verb 1. to go suddenly into the air from or towards the ground ć Quick, jump on that bus – it’s going to Oxford Circus! ć The horse jumped over the fence. ć She jumped down from the chair. 2. to make a sudden move- ment because you are frightened ć She jumped when I came up behind her qui- etly. ć When they fired the gun, it made me jump. jumper jumper /dmpə/ noun a warm piece of clothing, usually made of wool, which covers the top part of your body and your arms junction junction /dŋkʃən/ noun a place where railway lines or roads meet ć Go as far as the next junction and you will see the library on your right. ć Leave the motorway at Junction 5. June June /dun/ noun the sixth month of the year, between May and July ć June 17 ć Last June we had a holiday in Cana- da. (NOTE: June 17th or June 17: say ‘June the seventeenth’ or ‘the seven- teenth of June’ or in US English: ‘June seventeenth’.) jungle jungle /dŋəl/ noun an area of thick tropical forest which is difficult to travel through junior junior /duniə/ adjective intended for younger children ć She sings in the jun- ior choir. ć He plays for the junior hock- ey team. junk junk /dŋk/ noun useless articles, rub- bish ć Don’t keep that – it’s junk. ć Yo u should throw away all that junk you keep under your bed. (NOTE: no plural) just just /dst/ adverb 1. exactly ć Is that too much sugar? – No, it’s just right. ć Thank you, that’s just what I was look- ing for. ć Just how many of students have got computers? ć What time is it? – It’s just seven o’clock. ć He’s just fif- teen – his birthday was yesterday. 2. showing the very recent past ć The train has just arrived from Paris. ć She had just got into her bath when the phone rang. 3. only ć We’re just good friends, nothing more. ć I’ve been to Berlin just once. justice justice /dsts/ noun fair treatment in law ć Justice must always be seen to be done. justify justify /dstfa/ verb to show that something is fair, to prove that some- thing is right ć How can you justify spending all that money? ć How can you justify your behaviour? (NOTE: jus- tifies – justifying – justified) Basic.fm Page 174 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com K k k /ke/, K noun the eleventh letter of the alphabet, between J and L keen keen /kin/ adjective very sensitive ć Bats have a keen sense of hearing. (NOTE: keener – keenest) keep keep /kip/ verb 1. to continue to have something ć Can I keep the newspaper I borrowed from you? ć I don’t want that book any more, you can keep it. ć The police kept my gun and won’t give it back. 2. to continue to do something ć The clock kept going even after I dropped it on the floor. ć He had to keep smiling so that people would think he was pleased. ć Keep quiet or they’ll hear you. ć Luckily the weather kept fine for the fair. ć The food will keep warm in the oven. 3. to have or to put something in a particular place ć I keep my car keys in my pocket. ć Where do you keep the paper for the laser printer? 4. to make someone or something stay in a place or state ć It’s cruel to keep an- imals in cages. ć I was kept late at the office. ć They kept us waiting for half an hour. ć We put the plates in the oven to keep them warm. 5. to stay ć Keep close to me. (NOTE: keeps – keeping – kept / kept/) keep down phrasal verb 1. to keep at a low level ć Keep your voice down, the police will hear us! 2. to bend down in order to hide from someone ć Keep down behind the wall so that they won’t see us. keep off phrasal verb not to walk on something ć Keep off the grass! keep on phrasal verb to continue to do something ć Keep on trying! keep out phrasal verb 1. to stop some- one going in ć We put up notices telling people to keep their dogs out of the field where the lambs are. 2. not to go in ć There were ‘Keep Out!’ notices round the building site. 3. not to get involved ć He kept out of the quarrel. ć Try to keep out of trouble with the police. keep up with /kip p wð/ phrasal verb to go at the same speed as someone ć My foot hurts, that’s why I can’t keep up with the others. ć His salary hasn’t kept up with the cost of living. kerb kerb /kb/ noun the stone edge of a path along the side of a road ketchup ketchup /ketʃəp/ noun a type of tomato sauce kettle kettle /ket(ə)l/ noun a container used for boiling water key key /ki/ noun 1. a shaped piece of metal that you use to open a lock or to start a car ć I can’t start the car, I’ve lost the key. ć Where did you put the front door key? 2. one of the moving parts which you push down with your fingers on a typewriter, a computer or a musical in- strument such as a piano ć The ‘F’ key always sticks. ć There are 64 keys on the keyboard. 3. a system of musical tones ć This piece of music is written in the key of F major. í adjective most im- portant ć The key person in the team is the goalkeeper. ć The key person in the company is the sales manager. ć Oil is a key industry. keyboard keyboard /kibɔd/ noun a set of keys on something such as a computer or pi- ano ć She spilled her coffee on the com- puter keyboard. ć He practises on the keyboard every day. í verb to put infor- mation into a computer using a key- board ć She was keyboarding the fig- ures. kick kick /kk/ noun 1. the act of hitting some- thing with your foot ć The goalkeeper gave the ball a kick. 2. a feeling of ex- citement ć He gets a kick out of watch- ing a football match on TV. í verb to hit something with your foot ć He kicked the ball into the net. ć She kicked her lit- tle brother. Basic.fm Page 175 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com kid 176 knife kid kid /kd/ noun 1. a child ( informal ) ć There were a few school kids on their bi- cycles. ć They’re married with two kids. 2. a young goat í verb to make some- one believe something which is not true ć Are you kidding? ć She tried to kid me that she’d had an accident. (NOTE: kids – kidding – kidded) kidnap kidnap /kdnp/ verb to take someone away illegally and keep them prisoner (NOTE: kidnaps – kidnapping – kid- napped) kidney kidney /kdni/ noun one of a pair of or- gans in animals that clean the blood and remove waste from it kill kill /kl/ verb to make someone or some- thing die ć Sixty people were killed in the plane crash. ć A long period of dry weather could kill all the crops. kilo kilo /kiləυ/ abbr kilogram (NOTE: The plural is kilos.) kilogram kilogram /klərm/ noun a measure of weight equal to one thousand grams (NOTE: written kg after figures: 20kg ) kilometre kilometre /klə mitə/ noun a measure of distance equal to one thousand me- tres kind kind /kand/ adjective friendly and help- ful ć It’s very kind of you to offer to help. ć How kind of you to invite him to your party! ć You should always be kind to little children. ć He’s a kind old gen- tleman. í noun a type ć A butterfly is a kind of insect. ć We have several kinds of apples in our garden. ć We discussed all kinds of things. ȣ of a kind similar ć The three sisters are three of a kind. ȣ it’s nothing of the kind that’s not cor- rect at all ȣ kind of in a certain way ( informal ) ć I was kind of annoyed when she told me that. kindness kindness /kandnəs/ noun 1. the qual- ity of being kind ć She was touched by his kindness. 2. a kind act king king /kŋ/ noun 1. a man who governs a country by right of birth ć The king and queen came to visit the town. (NOTE: king is spelt with a capital letter when used with a name or when referring to a particular person: King Henry VIII .) 2. ( in cards ) the card with the face of a man, coming before the ace and after the queen in value ć He knew he could win when he drew the king of spades. kingdom kingdom /kŋdəm/ noun 1. the land ruled over by a king or queen ć England is part of the United Kingdom. ć He gave her a book of fairy stories about a magic kingdom. 2. a part of the world of nature ć the animal kingdom kiss kiss /ks/ noun the act of touching some- one with your lips to show that you are pleased to see them or that you like them ć She gave the baby a kiss. í verb to touch someone with your lips to show that you are pleased to see them or that you like them ć She kissed her daughter and walked away. ć They kissed each other goodbye. kit kit /kt/ noun clothes and personal equip- ment, usually kept in a bag ć Did you bring your tennis kit? kitchen kitchen /ktʃn/ noun a room where you can cook food ć She put the meat down on the kitchen table. ć If you’re hungry, have a look in the kitchen to see if there’s anything to eat. kite kite /kat/ noun a toy made of light wood and paper or cloth which is flown in the wind on the end of a string ć He was fly- ing his kite from the top of the hill. kitten kitten /kt(ə)n/ noun a young cat knack knack /nk/ noun an ability or tendency to do something, often something wrong ( informal ) ć She has a knack for talking to strangers. ć He has this knack of accidentally offending people. knee knee /ni/ noun 1. the part on your body where the upper and the lower leg join, where your leg bends ć She sat the child on her knee. ć He was on his knees looking under the bed. 2. the part of a pair of trousers that covers the knee ć My jeans have holes in both knees. kneel kneel /nil/ verb to go down on your knees (NOTE: kneels – kneeling – kneeled or knelt /nelt/) knew knew /nju/ past tense of know knife knife /naf/ noun an instrument used for cutting, with a sharp metal blade fixed in a handle ć Put out a knife, fork and spoon for each person. ć You need a sharp knife to cut meat. (NOTE: The plu- ral is knives.) í verb to injure someone Basic.fm Page 176 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com knit 177 knuckle using a knife ć He was knifed in the back during the fight. (NOTE: knifes – knifing – knifed) knit knit /nt/ verb to make cloth out of wool by joining threads together using two long needles ć My mother is knitting me a pullover. ć She was wearing a blue knitted hat. (NOTE: knits – knitting – knit or knitted) knives knives /navz/ plural of knife knob knob /nɒb/ noun 1. a rounded handle that you turn, e.g. on a door or drawer ć To open the door, just turn the knob. 2. a round object which you turn to operate a radio or TV, etc. ć Turn the knob to in- crease the volume. knock knock /nɒk/ noun a sound made by hit- ting something ć Suddenly, there was a knock at the door. í verb to hit some- thing ć Knock twice before going in. ć You’ll need a heavy hammer to knock that nail in. knock down phrasal verb 1. to make something fall down ć They are going to knock down the old house to build a factory. 2. to hit someone or something ć She was knocked down by a car. 3. to reduce a price ć They knocked the price down to £50. knock out phrasal verb to hit someone so hard that they are no longer con- scious ć She was knocked out by a blow on the head. knot knot /nɒt/ noun 1. one or more pieces of string, rope, or other fibre, twisted and fastened together ć Boy Scouts are sup- posed to be able to tie knots. ć Is the knot of my tie straight? 2. a measure of the speed of a ship, or of the wind ć The ship was doing 22 knots when she hit the rocks. ć There’s a wind speed of 60 knots. know know /nəυ/ verb 1. to have learned some- thing, to have information about some- thing ć Do you know how to start the computer? ć He didn’t know she had died. ć How was I to know she wasn’t his wife? ć You knew it would be expen- sive. ć Do you know the Spanish for ‘one – two – three’? ć His secretary doesn’t know where he is. 2. to have met someone ć I know your sister – we were at school together. ć I used to know a man called Peter Jones who worked in your company. 3. to have been to a place often ć I know Paris very well. ć She doesn’t know Germany at all. (NOTE: knows – knowing – knew / nju/ – has known) knowledge knowledge /nɒld/ noun the general facts or information that people know ć No encyclopedia can contain all human knowledge. known known /nəυn/ past participle of know knuckle knuckle /nk(ə)l/ noun a part where two bones join in a finger Basic.fm Page 177 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com . instant 168 interest bullying in our local school. ć In this in- stance, we will pay for the damage. ȣ for instance as an example ć Why don’t. travel through junior junior /duniə/ adjective intended for younger children ć She sings in the jun- ior choir. ć He plays for the junior hock- ey team. junk junk /dŋk/ noun useless articles, rub- bish. version www.adultpdf.com kid 176 knife kid kid /kd/ noun 1. a child ( informal ) ć There were a few school kids on their bi- cycles. ć They’re married with two kids. 2. a young goat í verb to make
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