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Scan and OCR by maillo LIVING LANGUAGE FLUENT English Written by Barbara Raifsnider Edited by Christopher A. Warnasch Scan and OCR by maillo Contents Introduction LESSON 1 HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN HERE? 1 1 A Say It Clearly!: Pronunciation of-ed Ending 1 1 B English At Work: Dialogue – Making SmallTalk 1 1 C Build Your Vocabulary 2 1 D English Under the Hood: 1.The Present Perfect Tense vs. The Simple Past Tense 3 2.Verbs with Irregular Forms in the Past and Present Perfect Tenses 4 3.Using/or and since with the Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses 5 1 E Phrasal Verbs with pick 6 1 F Real English: See You Later! 6 1 G Bring it All Together 7 1 H Listen Up! 9 1 I Why Do They Do That? Greetings and SmallTalk 9 LESSON 2 DON'T GO AWAYI 11 2 A Say It Clearly!:-s Endings 11 2 B English At Work: Recorded Message— The Hotel Royale 11 2 C Build Your Vocabulary 11 2 D English Under the Hood: 1. -s Endings in the Third Person Singular 14 2. The Negative Simple Present Tense 14 3. Questions in the Present Tense 15 2 E Phrasal Verbs with turn 16 2 F Real English: Hold On! 17 2 G Bring it All Together 17 2 H Listen Up! 19 2 I Why Do They Do That? Americans on the Move 19 LESSON 3 WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO DO? 21 3 A Say It Clearly!: Reductions 21 3 B English At Work: Dialogue -Would You Mind if I Looked at Your Resume? 21 3 C Build Your Vocabulary 22 3 D English Under the Hood: 1. Questions and Negatives in the Simple Past Tense 24 2. The Past Habitual: Used to, Didn't Use to, and Would Always 24 3. Making Polite Requests 26 3 E Phrasal Verbs with work 27 3 F Real English: Put Your Nose to the Grindstone 28 3 G Bring it All Together 28 3 H Listen Up! 30 3 I Why Do They Do That? Shaking Hands 30 LESSON 4 LAUGHING ALL THE WAY TO THE BANK 32 4 A Say It Clearly!: Y-Vowel Link 32 4 B English At Work: Reading - Banks in the U.S. 32 4 C Build Your Vocabulary 33 4 D English Under the Hood: 1. Simple Future vs. Immediate Future 34 2. The Present Continuous and Simple Present to Express the Future 35 3. The Simple Present Tense with Prepositions of Time 35 4 E Phrasal Verbs with pay 36 4 F Real English: In the Black 36 4 G Bring it All Together 37 4 H Listen Up! 39 4 I Why Do They Do That? Debt 39 LESSON 5 THE CUSTOMER'S ALWAYS RIGHT! 41 5 A Say It Clearly!: W-Vowel Link 41 5 B English At Work: Dialogue - Did You Need Some Help? 4 5 C Build Your Vocabulary 42 5 D English Under the Hood: 1. Prepositions of Time, Motion, and Location 43 2. Adjectives Followed by Prepositions 44 3. Verbs Followed by Prepositions 45 5 E Phrasal Verbs for Shopping 46 5 F Real English: Shop Till You Drop! 47 5 G Bring it All Together 47 5 H Listen Up! 49 5 I Why Do They Do That? Service with a Smile 50 LESSON 6 I HAVE GOT TO HAVE A NEW CAR! 51 6 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant-Vowel Link 51 6 B English At Work: Dialogue - Let's Go Look at My New Car. 51 6 C Build Your Vocabulary 52 6 D English Under the Hood: 1. Modals of Necessity 53 2. Modals of Advisability 54 3. Negative Modals 54 6 E Phrasal Verbs with come 55 6 F Real English: I Need Some New iWheels! 57 6 G Bring it All Together 57 6 H Listen Up! 59 6 I Why Do They Do That? Americans and Their Cars 59 LESSON 7 PUSHING THE ENVELOPE 61 7 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant-Consonant Linking 61 7 B English At Work: Reading - A Brief History of Mail Delivery in the U.S.A. 61 7 C Build Your Vocabulary 62 7 D English Under the Hood: 1. Degrees of Certainty in the Present Tense 63 2. Degrees of Certainty in the Past Tense 64 3. Degrees of Certainty in the Future Tense 65 Phrasal Verbs for Giving and Getting 66 Real English: Keeping in Touch with Friendly Advice 67 Bring it All 7 G Together 68 Listen Up! 70 7 H Why Do They Do That? Benjamin Franklin and the American Work Ethic 70 LESSON 8 YOUR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES 72 8 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant-Consonant Linking 2 72 8 B English At Work: Dialogue - Do You Know Why I Pulled You Over? 72 8 C Build Your Vocabulary 73 8 D English Under the Hood: 1. The Passive Voice in the Simple Present and Present Continuous Tenses 75 2.The Passive Voice in the Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses 75 3.The Passive Voice in the Simple Future and Immediate Future Tenses 76 Phrasal Verbs for Criminal Acts 76 8 F Real English: You're Busted! 77 8 G Bring it All Together 78 8 H Listen Up! 80 8 I Why Do They Do That? Some Important Driver's Responsibilities 80 LESSON 9 THIS IS PARADISE, ISN'T IT? 8 9 A Say It Clearly!: Intonation in Tag Questions 82 9 B English At Work: Reading - Aloha from Hawaii! 82 9 C Build Your Vocabulary 83 9 D English Under the Hood: 1. Tag Questions 84 2. Negative Questions 86 3. Beginning Sentences with Negative Adverbs 86 9 E Phrasal Verbs with look 87 9 F Real English: Your Island Getaway 88 9 G Bring it All Together 88 9 H Listen Up! 90 9 I Why Do They Do That? Travel in America 91 LESSON 10 TAKE ME OUT TO THE BALL GAME! 92 10 A Say It Clearly!: Intonation in Questions in Statement Form 92 10 B English At Work: Dialogue-It's a Great Day for Baseball! 92 10 C Build Your Vocabulary 93 10 D English Under the Hood: 1. Reported Speech: Past, Present, and Future 94 2. Using Modals in Reported Speech 95 3. Questions in Statement Form 96 10 E Phrasal Verbs with keep 97 10 F Real English: A Day at the Races 97 10 G Bring it All Together 98 10 H Listen Up! 100 10 I Why Do They Do That? The Super Bowl 100 LESSON 11 SNAIL MAIL JUST WON'T CUT IT! 103 11 A Say It Clearly!: The Vowels in seat and sit 103 11 B English At Work: Reading — A Brief History of the Internet 103 11 C Build Your Vocabulary 104 11 D English Under the Hood: 1. The Present Perfect Tense vs. The Present Perfect Progressive Tense 105 2. The Present Perfect Progressive Tense vs. The Past Perfect Progressive Tense 107 3. The Future Progressive Tense 107 11 E Phrasal Verbs for the Computer 108 11 F Real English: Life Online 109 11 G Bring it All Together no 11 H Listen Up! 112 11 I Why Do They Do That? The Internet Generation 112 LESSON 12 SHE'LL WIN BY A LANDSLIDE! 114 12 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant Clusters 114 12 B English At Work: Reading-America Divided, But Always United 114 12 C Build Your Vocabulary 115 12 D English Under the Hood: 1. The Progressive Form of Modals 116 2. The Use of would rather 117 3. Past Ability 118 12 E Phrasal Verbs for Winning and Losing 118 12 F Real English: Does She Have What it Takes? 119 12 G Bring it All Together 119 12 H Listen Up! 122 12 I Why Do They Do That? Religion in the U.S. 122 LESSON 13 PRIDE OF OWNERSHIP 124 13 A Say It Clearly!: Reductions with should, could, and would 124 13 B English At Work: Dialogue — Who Needs Buyer's Remorse? 124 13 C Build Your Vocabulary 125 13 D English Under the Hood: 1.Past Forms of should and shouldn't 126 2.Be supposed to and be to 127 3.Making Suggestions with could 127 13 E Phrasal Verbs for Buying and Selling a House 128 13 F Real English: Real Estate 129 13 G Bring it All Together 129 13 H Listen Up! 131 13 I Why Do They Do That? The American Dream of Home Ownership 132 LESSON 14 HIT THE BOOKS! 134 14 A Say It Clearly!: The Preposition to 134 14 B English At Work: Dialogue - He's Always Been a Good Student! 134 14 C Build Your Vocabulary 135 14 D English Under the Hood: 1. Verbs Followed by Infinitives 137 2. Adjectives Followed by Infinitives and It Plus Infinitive 138 3. Verbs Followed by Nouns or Pronouns Plus Infinitives 139 14 E Phrasal Verbs for School 140 14 F Real English: Life on Campus 140 14 G Bring it All Together 141 14 H Listen Up! 143 14 I Why Do They Do That? American Teachers 143 LESSON 15 LET'S GET TOGETHER SOMETIME! 145 15 A I Say It Clearly!:The Vowels in pull and pool 145 15 B English At Work: Dialogue — Who's That Over There? 145 15 C Build Your Vocabulary 147 15 D English Under the Hood: 1. Verbs Followed by Gerunds 149 2. Verbs Followed by Prepositions and Gerunds 149 3. Go plus Gerunds 150 15 E Phrasal Verbs about Relationships 151 15 F Real English: She's a Real Knockout! 152 15 G Bring it All Together 152 15 H Listen Up! 154 15 I Why Do They Do That? Drop by Anytime! 154 LESSON 16 WATERCOOLER CONVERSATIONS 156 16 A Say It Clearly!: The Vowel Sound in man 156 16 B i English At Work: Dialogue - What Do You Think About the New Boss? 156 16 C Build Your Vocabulary 157 16 D English Under the Hood: 1. Passive and Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds 158 2. Passive Infinitives and Gerunds after need 160 3. Using Possessives to Modify Gerunds 160 16 E Phrasal Verbs with take 161 16 F Real English: I Really Work My Tail Off! 162 16 G Bring it All Together 162 16 H Listen Up! 164 16 I Why Do They Do That? Watercooler Conversations 165 LESSON 17 THIS DIET MAY WORK FOR YOU! 166 17 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant Clusters with / and r 166 17 B English At Work: Dialogue — What are You Going to Get? 166 17 C Build Your Vocabulary 167 17 D English Under the Hood: 1. The Real Conditional in the Present and Future 168 2. The Unreal Conditional in the Present and Future 169 3. The Past Unreal Conditional 170 17 E Phrasal Verbs about Food 170 17 F Real English: This is Your Cup of Tea 171 17 G Bring it All Together 172 17 H Listen Up! 174 17I Why Do They Do That? Food Manners 174 LESSON 18 GET INTO SHAPE! 177 18 A Say It Clearly!: Linking Reductions with d, t, s, or z 177 18 B English At Work: Dialogue-Let Us Design a Fitness Program for You! 177 18 C Build Your Vocabulary 178 18 D English Under the Hood: 1. Implied Conditionals 199 2. Using wish in Conditionals 180 3. Using would to Make Wishes 181 18 E Phrasal Verbs for Health and Fitness 182 18 F Real English: You're the Picture of Health! 183 18 G Bring it All Together 183 18 H Listen Up! 185 18 I Why Do They Do That? The Fitness Craze 186 LESSON 19 911, EMERGENCY! 188 19 A Say It Clearly!: Dropping Syllables 188 19 B English At Work: Dialogue - Isn't This an Emergency? 188 19 C Build Your Vocabulary 189 19 D English Under the Hood: 1. Indirect Objects as Passive Subjects 191 2. The Stative Passive 191 3. Common Uses of Get 192 19 E Phrasal Verbs Related to Emergencies 193 19 F Real English: Keep Your Cool! 194 19 G Bring it All Together 194 19 H Listen Up! 196 19 I Why Do They Do That? HMO's vs. the Family Doctor 197 LESSON 20 JUST SHOOTING THE BREEZE 199 20 A Say It Clearly!: English Intonation 199 20 B English At Work: Dialogue - A Block Party 199 20 C Build Your Vocabulary 200 20 D English Under the Hood: 1. Participial Adjectives 201 2.Verbs of Perception 202 3.Reflexive Pronouns 203 20 E Phrasal Verbs with get 204 20 F Real English: Shooting the Breeze 205 20 G Bring it All Together 205 20 H Listen Up! 208 20 I Why Do They Do That? Body Language, Personal Space, and More 208 APPENDIX A IRREGULAR VERBS 211 APPENDIX B ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY PREPOSITIONS 213 APPENDIX C VERBS FOLLOWED BY PREPOSITIONS 214 APPENDIX D REAL ENGLISH IDIOMS 215 INDEX 221 INTRODUCTION Fluent English is a high intermediate-/advanced-level course in English as a second or foreign language. It is designed to meet the needs of the intermediate-level student in vocabulary, grammar, listening comprehension, idiomatic usage, and pronunciation. It offers a great deal of practice in each of these areas, through both written exercises and recorded materials. The language used in this course is realistic and practical, and the situations in each of its twenty lessons offer a cultural context that will be recognizable and relevant to most intermediate-level students of English. The course is divided into twenty lessons covering a range of topics from small talk and social situations, to telephones and business meetings, to computers, politics, and the Internet. Each lesson offers essential vocabulary related to its topic, as well as important phrasal verbs and idiomatic expressions that are typically challenging to the intermediate- level student. The lessons are divided into ten sections, each of which focuses on a different English language skill: • Say It Clearly! The first section of each lesson is a recorded pronunciation and intonation warm-up. These sections focus on aspects of pronunciation and intonation that are typically challenging for intermediate students of English — consonant clusters, linking, reduced English, challenging sounds, etc. • English at Work. The second section of each lesson features English in realistic contexts, ranging from dialogues to recorded messages to readings. The English at Work section is the cornerstone of each lesson, where the important grammatical structures and vocabulary are demonstrated. These sections are all recorded, giving the student an opportunity to hear and model native speakers. • Build Your Vocabulary. The vocabulary section of each lesson includes certain vocabulary from the English at Work section as well as other general vocabulary related to the topic of the lesson. Each word or expression is defined in simple English, and an example is given to show realistic usage. • English Under the Hood. Each lesson focuses on three important grammatical structures. Explanations are complete and straightforward, and plenty of examples are given to demonstrate each construction in context. Each grammatical point is also followed by a practice drill, giving the student a chance to practice and check comprehension. • Phrasal Verbs. Each lesson includes a list of important and common phrasal verbs centered either on a common base verb, such as take or get, or a particular theme. Each phrasal verb is clearly defined, and examples of usage follow each definition. • Real English. Important idiomatic expressions related to the topic or theme of each lesson are included in the Real English section. This section is in the form of a short paragraph, where idiomatic expressions are used in context. The student should be able to understand the meaning of each expression from context, but each idiom is also defined in an appendix at the back of the book. • Bring it All Together. Each lesson also includes five comprehensive review exercises. The first exercise focuses on the vocabulary from the lesson, the next three focus on the grammar and structure, and the last one focuses on the phrasal verbs introduced in that lesson. • Listen Up! Each lesson includes a recorded listening comprehension exercise. The student is directed to listen to a short article or dialogue on a topic related to the lesson, and then to answer questions written in the book. The Listen Up sections are designed to use both vocabulary and idiomatic expressions related to the theme of the lesson. • Why Do They Do That? Each lesson includes a culture note that explains an aspect of American culture related to the lesson's topic. These aspects of culture range from table manners to home ownership to driving habits to proper behavior while being pulled over for speeding. The culture notes are designed to be both interesting and relevant to the student's experiences. • Answer Key. Each lesson also includes a key to all exercises. KEY TO SYMBOLS When you see PLAY CD and listen to the examples or exercises on the audio portion of the course. When you see PAUSE CD and return to the book until you seethe next L e A R Le s w e wh wh in h in c • Th e • Us Si m • Ph • Idi o Fi n ac q 1A S A Tu E n 1B E N Di a Se m o str i Pe Pe Se Pe Se Pe Se e s R E YOU READ Y s son 1, How Lo n e ll: the INS offic e ich is somethin g ich Americans l h andy at the IN S c ludes: e Present Perfe c ing/or and sin c m ple Past Ten s rasal Verbs wit h o matic Expres s n ally, at the end q uaintances. B u A Y IT CLEA R rn on your CD t n glish. N GLISH AT W a logue: Makin g rgei, a Russian o ving very slow i kes up a conv e ter I guess Sergei ter I said I g j ust th a aren't g rgei Y eah. I ter I think I green- c That w a rgei Me? I' m ter Oh, wh e rgei I lived i n the mili s o Y FOR THE LE S n g Have You B e e . You'll listen i n g people unfort u l ike to make "s m S or anywhere y c t Tense vs. Th e c e with the Pres e s es h pick s ions for Sayin g of the lesson y u t let's start wit h R LY! t o review the pr o W ORK g Small Talk immigrant, is w ly. Peter, an A m e rsation. Sergei we didn't hav e What? g uess they thi n a t we've been i n g oing anywher e know. I've bee got here just a c ard applicatio n a y I could hav e m from Russia. e reabouts? n Moscow for m tary. o n How Lon g S SON? e en Here?, will t a n on a convers a u nately do very m all talk."Then, y ou have to fill o e Simple Past T e e nt Perfect an d g Goodbye ou'll read a cult h a pronunciatio o nunciation of- e w aiting in line a t m erican standi n is surprised by e anything els e n k that we did n n this line for a e very fast. n here since a a few minutes n for my wife. I e just stayed h o m ost of my lif e 1 g Have Yo u a ke you some w a tion between t w often, and whi c you'll learn so m o ut forms. But t h e nse d ure note about c n warm-up. Re a e d, a very impo r t the INS. The l n g in front of S e his friendlines s e to do today, d n 't have anyth i a very long tim bout 9:30. Wh a before you di d I should've go t o me. Say, whe e , but I moved u Been He r w here you may k w o people waiti n c h is also a situ a m e vocabulary t h h at's not all. Le s c asual greeting a dy? r tant ending in ine is very long e rgei, turns ar o s . d id we? i ng else to do t e. lt seems lik e a t about you? d . I decided to p t ten it off the I n re are you fro m a round a little . r e? now very n g in line, a tion in h at will come s son 1 also s and , and it's o und and t oday. It's e we p ick up a n ternet. m ? . I was in [...]... procured, 10 affiliation, 11 .waiver, 12 solicit, 13 indicted, 14 cited, 15 custody, 16 clemency, 17 conspired, 18 espionage, 19 beneficiary, 20 induce Review Exercise 2 1 arrived, 2 has been, 3 hasn't called, 4 put, 5 ate, 6 has gone, 7 visited, 8 have seen 10 FLUENT ENGLISH Review Exercise 3 1 be /been, 2 did/done, 3 go/went, 4 give/given, 5 eat/eaten, 6 wrote/written, Review Exercise 4 1 since, 2.for,... Lesson 1: Answer Key Practice Exercise 1 1 drove 2 hasn't tried, 3 bought, 4 Have/eaten, 5 didn't go 6 have/seen, 7 didn't speak 8 Did/miss, 9 Have/danced, 10 got Practice Exercise 2 1 sang 2 did, 3 were, 4 has/begun, 5 knew, 6 Have/written, 7 began, 8 has sung, 9 Has/ seen, 10 took Practice Exercise 3 1 since, 2 for, 3, for, 4 since, 5 for, 6 since, 7 for, 8.for, 9 since, 10 since Review Exercise 1 1.fraud,... gems we've recently 10 The senator was forced to resign when his with a racist organization was uncovered 11 A sixteen-year-old cannot attend adult school without a from high school 12 Tammy went to several companies to money so that she could afford to travel to the swimming competition 13 Ralph was for breaking and entering 14 Mary was for driving with her lights off 15 The Rangels filed... settlement When the Camerons divorced, Mrs Cameron received custody of both children, and her husband won weekend visitation rights 1D ENGLISH UNDER THE HOOD TOPIC 1: The Present Perfect Tense vs the Simple Past Tense Let's take a look at the two most common past tenses in English: the present perfect tense and the simple past tense Present Perfect / have spoken Simple Past I spoke you have spoken you... for driving with her lights off 15 The Rangels filed for of their daughter's son 16 A governor has the power to give to a condemned criminal, commuting a death sentence to life in prison 17 The boys to scare all the girls in class on Halloween 18 Wiretaps were placed on the ambassador's phone line in an act of 19 Tony named his wife, Susan, as the _ on his life insurance policy 20 The labels... verbs in the appendix on page 211 Present be begin Past was/were began Past Participle been begun bring do eat brought did ate brought done eaten go went gone have know had knew had known see saw seen sing speak sang spoke sung spoken Lesson 1: How Long Have You Been Here? take write took wrote 5 taken written PRACTICE EXERCISE 2: Complete each of the following sentences 1 (sing) Who that last song?... work last Tuesday 7 They stayed at this hotel three nights 8 Roger and Martin have been gone hours! 9 Have you been waiting for me 7:30? 10 She hasn't spoken to me _ the night we got into an argument 6 FLUENT ENGLISH 1E PHRASAL VERBS WITH PICK Pick up a) To take something up off of a surface Pick your coat up off the floor b) To meet and collect a person from a specific location... different uses But whatever the reasons, there are three areas that often need to be reviewed: • The -s ending of the third person singular • How to form negatives • How to form questions 14 FLUENT ENGLISH TOPIC 1: -s Endings in the Third Person Singular Only the third person singular, or the he/she/it form, of a verb in the simple present tense has an ending,-s All other forms are the same as the... enjoy reading? Does Maxime have many friends? The exception is questions with a main verb is, am, or are: Am I wrong? Are you happy with the meal? 16 Is Gary at work right now? FLUENT ENGLISH PRACTICE EXERCISE 3: Change the following sentences into questions 1 Harold likes to go bird watching 2 Carolyn understands Spanish 3 Mockingbirds sing very early in the morning 4 You catch the bus at Fourth and... week, or up to now, or during my entire life.The simple past tense, on the other hand, expresses an action that happened when a specific finished time is given, such as yesterday or last 4 FLUENT ENGLISH week or in 19 95 Sometimes these tenses are interchangeable, depending on what the speaker wishes to emphasize Here are a few examples Julia has returned from her trip (No specific time is given or is . Tense 10 7 11 E Phrasal Verbs for the Computer 10 8 11 F Real English: Life Online 10 9 11 G Bring it All Together no 11 H Listen Up! 11 2 11 I Why Do They Do That? The Internet Generation 11 2. WON'T CUT IT! 10 3 11 A Say It Clearly!: The Vowels in seat and sit 10 3 11 B English At Work: Reading — A Brief History of the Internet 10 3 11 C Build Your Vocabulary 10 4 11 D English Under. 12 SHE'LL WIN BY A LANDSLIDE! 11 4 12 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant Clusters 11 4 12 B English At Work: Reading-America Divided, But Always United 11 4 12 C Build Your Vocabulary 11 5 12