FLUENT ENGLISH LIVING LANGUAGEFLUENT phần 10 ppsx

208 FLUENT ENGLISH 7. Many young people barely _______ on their low salaries. 8. It's difficult to _________ in California if you don't have a car. 9. Having a loving family makes it easier to ______ the most difficult problems. 10. I _______ early this morning after a two-week vacation. 11. Wendy was too sick to _______ much over the last few weeks. 12. George was so in love with Melinda that it took years to _____ her after they broke up. 13. It took a long time to understand what the professor was ______ .He just didn't explain it very well. 14. It's so difficult to ________ to teenagers sometimes; they just don't understand. 15. Drake decided that he would try to _______ Tina for going out with another guy. 16. It's time for you to ________ your life; you have to forget about her! 17. I heard that Bill and Jane don't really ______ each other and that they may be getting a divorce. 18. Frank normally ________ at 5:00, but he had to stay at the office late tonight. 20H LISTEN UP! Listen to a story about how one community of friends and neighbors helped each other during a devastating fire. Then answer these questions. 1. How did San Diegans know there was a fire? 2. Why did residents have to stay at home for a week? 3. What made so many people want to help the fire victims? 4. What were some of the ways people helped one another? 20I WHY DO THEY DO THAT? Body Language, Personal Space, and More Like spoken language, gestures and body language in a new culture can be confusing. Every culture has its own certain unwritten rules that people from other cultures need to be aware of, and the U.S. is no exception. There are many very common and important gestures and body signals that are helpful to know while dealing with Americans. For example, Americans' sense of personal space — a comfortable distance between oneself and others — is between eighteen and thirty inches depending on the closeness of the relationship. If others stand within that personal space, it makes Americans feel uncomfortable, and they may take a step back to recover an acceptable distance. Standing "too close" to an American while in conversation is just one pitfall to avoid. Here are few others: Eye contact — Americans usually look each other directly in the eyes, looking away briefly from time to time. A failure to maintain "acceptable" eye contact may be Lesson 20: Just Shooting the Breeze 209 interpreted as a lack of self confidence, or — worse — as a sign that you are guilty of something and are trying to hide it. Touch — Americans are not as openly affectionate as those from some other cultures may be, but a brief touch on the arm could be interpreted in various ways, ranging from flirtatious to sympathetic or reassuring depending upon the situation. Beckoning — It is common to beckon by holding the upturned palm out and up while wiggling one or two fingers or even all together towards oneself. This is acceptable in most situations and is not considered rude. However, in a restaurant, it's more polite to simply hold the index finger up while trying to catch the eye of a server. Do not snap your fingers to get someone's attention. Saying goodbye— Usually, the hand is held up with the palm down with the fingers together as they wave up and down, or the hand is held straight up, palm out bending at the wrist from side to side. Kissing hello or good-bye— It is very unusual for some Americans to kiss one another when they say "hello" or "good-bye," and they may consider it downright bizarre. However, this does occur sometimes, especially in urban settings where people are more comfortable with a mix of cultural norms. The best thing to do is follow the example set by the person you're with. Handshake — The handshake is firm and bobs up and down two or three times. This is a standard greeting among people from most regions, regardless of gender or situation. Laugh — There is a range of types of laughter among Americans, from "big" and hearty to "small" and softer. Loud, open laughter is not usually considered odd or offensive; instead it may be interpreted as coming from a person who enjoys life. Pointing — Point with the index finger, the one next to the thumb. Do not point with the middle finger as this is considered an obscene gesture in the U.S. And some people consider it rude to point directly at other people, so it's best to point to people with the full hand, palm facing nearly upward. OK—This is a gesture made with the index finger and thumb forming a circle with the other fingers extended. It means OK, or that's right, or perfect. Thumbs up or down — The thumb turned up means "everything is good;" down means the opposite. There are some other cultural behaviors to be aware of. For example, Americans may interrupt a conversation at any time, especially when it is highly animated and among friends or coworkers. You also may have noticed that men usually stand up when a woman enters the room. This is considered very polite but is occurring less and less in the changing roles of women and men in American society. And although some Americans do not always follow these rules, spitting and burping are not publicly acceptable. Try to suppress burps and always say"Excuse me" afterwards. Find a private place to spit if needed. And last but not least, the smile. A common criticism of Americans is that they smile too much. But for many Americans, smiling is a gesture of courtesy to others, because it is a way to present a happy face to others, and perhaps to brighten other people's 210 FLUENT ENGLISH moods as well. Americans in many regions believe that it's less than polite to allow oneself to be seen as angry or in a bad mood. A nice smile — even if it's not entirely genuine — is thus considered proper behavior among other people. Lesson 20: Answer Key Practice Exercise 1 1. boring, 2. bored, 3. crowded, 4. broken, 5.annoying, 6.cracked, 7.embarrassing, 8.frightened, 9. exhausted, 10. thrilling Practice Exercise 2 1. photographing, 2. talking, 3. take, 4. dancing, 5. working, 6. singing,7. interview, 8. blowing, 9. baking, 10. getting Practice Exercise 3 1. herself, 2. myself, 3. by herself, 4. themselves, 5. yourself, 6. by myself, 7. himself, 8. by yourselves, 9. ourselves, 10. itself Review Exercise 1 1. Fair-weather friends, 2. congenial, 3. dinner party, 4. familiar, 5. kindred, 6. block party, 7. neighborly, 8. street fair, 9. courtesy, 10. acquaintances, 11. newcomer, 12. community, 13. neighborhood watch, 14. city council, 15. potluck, 16. fraternize, 17. confidant, 18. sociable Review Exercise 2 1. confused confusing, 2. satisfied satisfying, 3. exciting excited, 4. frightening frightened, 5. exhausted exhausting, 6. bored boring, 7. interesting interested, 8. disappointed disappointing Review Exercise 3 1. chasing, 2. sitting, 3. cry, 4. following, 5. sing, 6. baking,7.cheating, 8. standing Review Exercise 4 1. told himself, 2. fixed myself, 3. live by yourself, 4. took themselves, 5. sits by itself, 6. reward yourselves, 7. promised herself, 8. stay by ourselves Review Exercise 5 1. got away with, 2. get in, 3. get up, 4. got after, 5. got into, 6. get together, 7. get by, 8. get around, 9. get through, 10. got back, 11. get out, 12. get over, 13. getting at, 14. get through to, 15. get back at, 16. get on with, 17. get along with, 18. gets off Listen Up! 1. The sky was orange, there were ashes everywhere, air smelled like smoke. 2. It was dangerous to be outside breathing the air. 3. Because they would want others to do the same for them. 4. Collecting and distributing food and clothing, lobbying for public money, putting up sand bags to stop erosion. Appendix A Irregular Verbs Each of the following verbs appears in the infinitive, the simple past, and the past participial forms. arise/ arose/ arisen awake / awoke / awoke (n) be (am, are, is) / was, were / been beat / beat / beaten become / became / become begin / began / begun bend / bent / bent bet / bet / bet bid / bid / bid bind / bound / bound bite / bit / bitten bleed / bled / bled blow / blew / blown break / broke / broken bring / brought / brought build / built / built burst / burst / burst buy / bought / bought cast / cast / cast catch / caught / caught choose / chose / chosen cling / clung / clung come / came / come cost / cost / cost creep / crept / crept cut / cut / cut deal / dealt / dealt dig / dug / dug do / did / done draw / drew / drawn eat / ate / eaten fall / fell / fallen feed / fed / fed feel / felt / felt fight / fought / fought find / found / found fit / fit / fit flee / fled / fled fling / flung / flung fly / flew / flown forbid / *forbade / forbidden forget / forgot / forgotten forgive / forgave / forgiven freeze / froze / frozen get / got / "gotten give / gave / given go / went / gone grind / ground / ground grow / grew / grown hang / hung / hung have / had / had hear / heard / heard hide/ hid / hidden hit / hit / hit hold / held / held hurt/ hurt/ hurt keep / kept / kept kneel / knelt, kneeled / knelt, kneeled know / knew / known lay / laid / laid lead / led / led lean / leaned, leant / leaned, leant leave / left / left lend / lent / lent let / let / let lie/ lay/ lain light / lit, lighted / lit, lighted lose / lost / lost make / made / made mean / meant / meant meet / met / met misspell / misspelled / misspelled mistake / mistook / mistaken misunderstand / misunderstood / misunderstood overthrow / overthrew / overthrown pay / paid / paid prove / proved / proven, proved put / put / put quit / quit, quitted / quit, quitted read / read / read rid / rid / rid ride / rode / ridden ring/ rang/ rung rise / rose / risen run / ran / run say / said / said see / saw / seen seek / sought / sought sell / sold / sold send / sent / sent set / set / set shake / shook / shaken shine / shone / shone shoot / shot / shot show / showed / shown shrink / shrank / shrunk shut / shut / shut sing / sang / sung sit / sat / sat sleep / slept / slept slide / slid / slid speak / spoke / spoken speed / sped, speeded / sped, speeded *Some speakers often use forbid for simple past. "Some speakers often say hove got to meaning must, and in British English the form gotten does not exist. 212 Appendix A spend / spent / spent spin / spun / spun spread / spread / spreac spring / sprang / sprung stand / stood / stood steal / stole / stolen stick / stuck / stuck sting / stung / stung stink / stank / stunk strike / struck / stricken swear / swore / sworn sweep / swept / swept swim / swam / swum swing / swung / swung take / took / taken teach / taught / taught tear / tore / torn tell / told / told think / thought / thought tread / trod / trod, trodden throw / threw / thrown understand / understood / understood undertake / undertook / undertaken upset / upset / upset wake / woke / woken wear / wore / worn weave / wove / woven weep / wept / wept win / won / won wind / wound / wound withdraw / withdrew / withdrawn wring / wrung / wrung write / wrote / written Appendix B Adjectives Followed by Prepositions absent from discriminated against jealous of accustomed to divorced from known for acquainted with done with limited in / by addicted to dressed in made of afraid of engaged to married to angry at/with enthusiastic about opposed to annoyed with envious of patient with associated with equipped with polite to aware of excited about prepared for blessed with exposed to provided with bored with faithful to proud of capable of familiar with ready to / for cluttered with filled with related to committed to finished with relevant to composed of fond of remembered for concerned about friendly toward / with responsible for connected to furious about safe from content with furnished with satisfied with convinced of glad about scared of coordinated with grateful to/for terrified of crazy about guilty of tired of crowded with hidden from upset with dedicated to innocent of used to devoted to interested in worried about disappointed in/with involved in Appendix C Verbs Followed by Prepositions accuse of agree with apologize for apply to/for approve of argue with/about arrive in/at ask for beg for believe in blame for care about/for compare to/with complain about consist of contribute to count on/upon cover with decide on depend on/upon die from distinguish from dream of/about drink to escape from excel in excuse for fall in love with feel like fight for forget about forgive for hide from hope for insist on/upon know about listen to look after look forward to object to participate in pay attention to pray for prevent from prohibit from protect from provide with recover from remind of rescue from respond to search for shoot at stare at stop from subscribe to substitute for succeed in talk about take advantage of take care of thank for think of vote for / against wait for warn against / about Appendix D Real English Idioms All over with. Finished, finalized. All over. Everywhere. All stressed out. Nervous; feeling stress. All thumbs. Clumsy or awkward. All-time low. A situation that has never been worse. Apple of someone's eye. An adored person, most often one's child. As fresh as a daisy. Well rested; new looking. At death's door. Close to death. Axe to fall (To wait for the ). To expect to lose one's position. Bad egg. One bad thing among others that are good. Bargain basement. A store featuring inexpensive products, often on sale. Bargain rack An area of a store devoted to reduced prices; cheaper products. Bear market. A stock market that is not performing well; pessimism about the market. Birds of a feather flock together. People who have similar ideas, feelings, and behaviors are more likely to become friends. Blast. A lot of fun. Blog. A forum on the Internet for sharing one's views. A "Web log" Boot up. To start a computer. Boxed in. Trapped on all sides. Bread. Money. Break away. To take a break from hard work. To remove oneself from stress. Break in. To use something until it begins to operate smoothly. Break laws. To violate laws. Breathe down someone's neck. To pressure someone to work. Bring home the bacon. To bring home one's salary to pay for a family's living. Buckle up. To wear a seat belt. Build. A person's physique. Bull market. A stock market that is performing well; optimism about the stock market. Bursting with pride. Feeling very full of pride. Chat room. A special "space" on the Internet for conversing or sharing opinions. Check out. To look at something carefully. Chew the fat. To make conversation or small talk. Clean bill of health. A pronouncement of good health, made by a doctor. Close call. A near-accident, an accident that was barely avoided. Cool as a cucumber. Calm and relaxed. Crash. To stop working, said of a computer. Crash. To fall asleep suddenly and anywhere; to lose energy. Crazy. Wild, different from the majority. Also, insane. Cruise along. To drive in a relaxed manner. Cry all the way to the bank. To be without money and in need of a loan. Cubicle farm. Office space made of cubicles; semi-private work spaces separated by partitions. Cut out for. Naturally suited to do something. Do all your homework. To study something carefully in advance. Dough. Money. Down on one's luck. In a difficult financial situation. 216 Appendix D Downsize. To cut back on employees. Dressed to kill. Dressed very well and looking good. Drop a line. To write a short letter or note to someone. Eat humble pie. To have to admit one is wrong. Egghead. One who is extremely intelligent; an exceptional student. End up. To finally result in. False alarm. Expected danger that does not happen. Feel two inches shorter. To lose confidence. Filthy rich. Extremely rich. Fix up. To repair; to make better or more livable. Fixer-upper. A property in need of repairs. Flame. To send an angry or hostile e-mail message. Forages. For a very long time. Freak out To become upset and agitated. Geek. An often disliked intellectual; a person who knows a lot about computers. Get blood from a stone. To work someone more than they are capable. Get hitched. To get married. Get into. To become involved or interested in. Get it. To understand. Get to talking. To begin talking about something. Get out of here/there. To leave. Get worse before something gets better. Things will not improve immediately, and they may get worse. Give it away. To sell for a very low price. Glow. To look healthy; to look good. Go all out. To do something with intensity or enthusiasm. Go blank. To momentarily be unable to recall something. Go broke. To run out of money. Go bust. To lose all one's money. Go down. When the computer network one is using is not working or can't be accessed. Go out of one's mind. To go crazy because of some problem. Go postal. To act rashly. Going out. Dating. go over someone's head. To go higher in the chain of command. Good catch. Better than average. Goof off. To relax; to play. Hacker. Someone who illegally breaks into a computer system. Hang out. To spend time together, socializing informally. Have a nervous breakdown. To lose control of oneself. Have a night on the town. To go out for an evening of entertainment. Have what it takes. Have the necessary qualities for something. Heart sinks to one's feet. A sudden feeling of fear or worry. Helper unit. A rental house or apartment in back of a main house that helps pay the bills when rented. High-end. Higher-priced. Highway robbery. Profits derived from items that are extremely expensive or overpriced. Hit the books. To study. Home sweet home. Your own home. Hot date. A date with someone exciting. In a nutshell. In a few words. In ages. In a long time. Appendix D 217 In love with. Having strong feelings for someone or something. In shock. Surprised; a state the body goes into to protect itself after an accident or tragic or frightening event. In the black. Making money. In the pink. In good health; having rosy colored skin. Keep in touch. To communicate from time to time. Keep it up. To continue doing something. Keep one's cool. To remain calm. Kick back. To relax. Kick up one's heels. To let go of inhibitions and have fun. Knockout. A gorgeous woman. Laugh all the way to the bank. To make more money than most people, especially suddenly. Lead foot. A "heavy foot" that presses too hard on the accelerator. A fast driver. Lemon. A poorly manufactured product that breaks down a lot more than it should. Life passes before your eyes. A rapid review of one's history prior to death, said to happen when one is about to die, as in an accident. Live it up. To have a good time. Live to see tomorrow. To continue living. Long arm of the law. The power and influence of law enforcement. Look forward to. To anticipate something pleasurable. Look in the eye. To look at someone directly and/or without fear. Look like a million dollars. To look fantastic and richly dressed. Make (someone's) day. To allow or cause something exciting and memorable to happen to someone. Make money. To earn money. Man! An expression about a feeling, similar to wow! Meet your maker. To die. Mess up. To ruin; to harm. Miss the boat. To be too late; to lose a chance. My head is spinning. I have too much information to think about. Neighborhood specialists. Ones who know a specific neighborhood well. No strings attached. Without secondary expectations or complications. Nose to the grindstone. Working very hard. Not long for this world. Having little time before one's death. Off the top of one's head. Expressed without much forethought or research. Online. On the Internet. On your feet. Out of bed; not sick. On your last legs. Worn out; close to death. Open house. A time when a house or apartment is "open" for prospective buyers to visit. Open up. To click on a message so that it can be read. Out of it. Not thinking clearly; not paying attention. Out of nowhere. Unexpected; with unknown origins. Pack. To carry a weapon. Package deal. Several things that come together for one price. Paint the town red. To have fun and do a lot of things for evening entertainment. Pass out. To lose consciousness temporarily. Pay through the nose. To pay a lot for something. Pile of work. A lot of work to do. Priced out of the market. Not having enough money. Pride of ownership. Home ownership that causes people to care for a home. [...]... levels! nts a Busin ness English ISBN: 1-4000-2086-7 1 7 4 CDs s/Coursebook English for th Real World he ISBN: 1-40 000-2087-5 3 CDs s/Book $34-95/C$49-95 $24.95/C C$37.95 Easy Pronunciation P ISBN: 1-4000-2089-1 1 6 CDs/Reference Guid de Easy English E ISBN: 1-40 000-2085-9 3 CDs/Co oursebook $29.9 95/C$44.95 $15.95/C C$23.95 AVAILABLE A BOOKSTO AT ORES EVERYW WHERE, WWW W.LIVINGLANGU UAGE.COM ... pronouns (20) Religion (12) Reported speech Past, present, and future (10) Using modals in (10) Responsibilities for driving a car (8) Simple present and present continuous (8) Simple future vs immediate future (4) Simple future and immediate future (8) Socializing at work (16) Spending money and debt (4) Stative passive (19) Super Bowl (10) Transportation (6) Travel (9) Using/or and since with the present... 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Americans in many regions believe that it's less than polite to. In statement form (10) Negative (9) Present tense (2) Tag (9) Reflexive pronouns (20) Religion (12) Reported speech Past, present, and future (10) Using modals in (10) Responsibilities. 8.frightened, 9. exhausted, 10. thrilling Practice Exercise 2 1. photographing, 2. talking, 3. take, 4. dancing, 5. working, 6. singing,7. interview, 8. blowing, 9. baking, 10. getting Practice