The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary Episode 10 pptx

tactical air co-ordinator Directs, from aircraft, air close support of surface forces. tactical aircraft shelter Normally protects against conventional attack but may be extended to offer protec- tion against NW blast, radiation and CBW. tactical air officer (afloat) Responsible under amphibious task-force commander for all supporting air operations until control is passed ashore. tactical bomb line See bomb line. tactical code Two-digit number in various colours on combat aircraft (R, CIS). tactical finish Camouflaged: can be all one colour. tactical input segment Subsystem for receiving EO and IR images in real time. tactical intervention vehicle Designed to rescue hostages from parked aircraft. tactical laser weapon system An array of mirrors aim powerful laser simultaneously at multiple munitions. tactical targeting network technologies Creates networks between airborne platforms passing data at ȅ 2 Mbit/s over distances ȅ 100 nm, 185.3 km (USAF). Tactifs Tactical integrated flight system. tactile faceplate Electronic display screen sensitive to fingertip touch for reprogramming, selecting from menu, changing scale or operating mode, or adjusting any variable. tactile situational awareness system A high-tech aircrew vest. Tacts Tactical aircrew combat training system (ACMI). TAD 1 Turbo-alternator drive. 2 Target assembly data. 3 Technology availability date (or data). 4 Towed aerial decoy. 5 Theater, or tactical, air defense. 6 Trim-aid device. 7 Target acquisition and designation. 8 Terrain-awareness display. TADC Tactical air direction center. Tadds Target alert data display sets; part of FAAR. tadec, TADEC Totally automatic digital engine control [piston engines]. Tadil 1 Tactical digital intelligence, or information, link (C adds command, J adds joint [service]). 2 Tactical aircraft digital information link. TADIRCM Tactical aircraft directional, or directable, IRCM. TADIXS-B Tactical data information exchange system – broadcast. Tadjet Transport, airdrop, jettison. TADMS TR-1 Asars-2 data manipulation system. Tadoc Transportable, or tactical, air-defense operations center, possible confusion with Tradoc. tadpole Track of moving target on radar display presented with comet-like tail to show direction of travel. Most air-defence radars can select tadpoles on or off. tadpole profile Aerodynamic profile with conventional nose followed by single-surface construction downstream (eg fin of A-4 followed by single-skin rudder). TADS, Tads 1 Tactical air defense sight (US). 2 Towed angular deception system. 3 Target acquisition and designation sight, /PNVS adds pilot’s night-vision system. 4 Target airborne data system. 5 Tactical laser and designation system. TAE Thrust-augmented entomopter. TAEL Turning-area edge light[s]. TAEM Terminal-area energy management. TAERS Tactical aircrew eye respiratory system. TAF 1 Tactical air force. 2 Terminal area , or aerodrome, forecast (international meteorological figure-code). 3 Thermal acoustic fatigue. TAFI Turn-around fault isolation. TAFIIS TAF (1) integrated information system. Tafim Technical architecture framework for informa- tion management. TAFS Airfield meteorological forecast. Tafseg Tactical air force systems engineering group. TAG 1 Telegraphist/air gunner (Royal Navy, WW2). 2 Thrust-alleviated gyroscope. 3 Tactical Airlift Group (USAF). 4 Telescoped-ammunition gun. 5 Transport Air Group (USMC). 6 Tailored air group. 7 Target-adaptive guidance. 8 Towed acoustic generator. 9 Technical Advisory Group (USAF). 10 Test analysis guide. Taggart Sometimes rendered Taggent, a tagging agent incorporated in a strike weapon and released on detona- tion for detecting and tracking biological aerosols. TAG Telegraphist/air gunner. tagging Attaching unmissable warning notice during maintenance to point out, e.g., that item has been switched off or disabled. Tags Technology for automated generation of systems. Tagwes Target weapons effects simulation, or simu- lator. TAH Transfer and hold. TA/H Twin altitude/height. TAI 1 Total active inventory. 2 Thermal anti-icing. TAIC Transport Accident Investigation Commission (NZ). tail 1 Rear part of aircraft, where applicable. 2 Assembly of aerofoils whose main purpose is stability and control, normally located at rear of aerodyne or airship. 3 Trailing luminous area behind blip of moving target. 4 Normal verb meaning in air-intercept shadowing from astern. tail boom Tubular cantilever(s) carrying tail (2) attached either above short fuselage nacelle or as L/R pair to wings. tail bumper Projecting or reinforced structure under tail designed to withstand impacts and scraping on runway. tail chute See tail parachute. tailcone Conical fairing of rear of body, esp. down- stream of turbine disc in jetpipe. tail damping power factor Numerically the product of TDR [see next] and URVC. tail damping ratio A [suggested limited] measure of anti- spin quality based on side area under tailplane multiplied by distance to c.g. tail drag Restraining mass free to slide on ground to which moored airship stern is attached. taildragger Aircraft with tailwheel or tailskid (colloq.). tailed delta Aircraft with delta wing and horizontal tail. tactical air co-ordinator tailed delta 621 tail-end Charlie 1 Formation of aircraft in single line, each behind the other. 2 Last aircraft in such a line. 3 Rear gunner in tail of large aircraft (1935–50). taileron Single-piece horizontal tail surface, one of two forming tailplane whose left/right halves can operate in unison (as tailplane commanding pitch) or differentially (as ailerons commanding roll). Term preferable to ailevator or rolling tailplane. Elevon differs in that it is hinged to wing. US term stabilator is ambiguous and can mean * or slab tailplane. tailets Small fixed fins on underside of tailplane near each tip. tailfeathers Free-floating flaps forming periphery of supersonic airbreathing propulsive nozzle, usually as outer boundary of large secondary nozzle. These take up slipstreaming angular positions aligned with streamlines. tail fin Fixed stabilizing fin at rear, ‘tail’ normally being redundant. tail-first Aerodyne configuration in which the only auxiliary horizontal surface is ahead of the wing, commonly called a foreplane or canard. tail float Float supporting tail of float seaplane (now arch.). tail group Complete tail (2), considered as design task or as element of total aircraft mass. tail guy Secures tail of moored airship, often to tail drag. tailheaviness Condition in which aircraft rotates nose- up unless prevented. tailhook 1 CTOL by carrier aircraft. 2 Naval pilot (colloq.). tailless aircraft Normally applied to aeroplanes and gliders only and usually meaning that there is no separate horizontal stabilizing or control surface, though there may be a vertical tail (2). In extreme case there is no tail surface, and (esp. if fuselage vestigial or absent) this is more often called flying-wing aircraft). tail load Vertical up or down thrust acting on tailplane. tail logo Bold logo of operator displayed on tail; hence ** light, also valuable as anti-collision beacon. tail number See serial (2). tailored fuel Synthesized to meet specific operational specification. tail parachute Parachute attached to tail, normally for anti-spin or anti-superstall purpose. Not used as braking parachute. tailpipe Exhaust pipe of turboprop or turboshaft; according to some, piston engine exhaust pipe down- stream of collector or manifold. tailplane 1 More or less horizontal aerofoil at tail of aerodyne (invariably fixed-wing) providing stability in pitch; fixed or adjustable only for trim, and carrying elevators (US = stabilizer). 2 Aerofoil pivoted at tail about horizontal axis and driven directly by pilot of fixed-wing aerodyne or rotor- craft as primary flight control in pitch in translational flight; forms complete surface without separate elevators (US = stabilizer). tailplane tank Fuel tank, invariably integral, in hori- zontal tail, to increase system capacity and, esp., to control longitudinal trim without drag. tail rotor Helicopter anti-torque rotor, rotating at tail about more or less horizontal axis. Not used for rear tandem rotor. tail setting angle The acute angle between chord lines of wing and tailplane (1). tailsitter VTOL aerodyne whose fuselage is approxi- mately perpendicular at takeoff, in hovering mode and at landing, today preferably called Vatol. tailskid Projection supporting tail of aerodyne on ground, esp. one whose c.g. is well aft of main landing gear. tailskid shoe Replaceable pad on end of tailskid which slides on ground. tailslide Transient flight condition of fixed-wing aero- dyne in which relative wind is from astern, eg in stall from near-vertical climbing attitude. tailspin Spin (arch.). tailstander Tailsitter. tailstrike Scraping rear fuselage on runway on rotation. Hence, * indicator, frangible foil which causes a bright flash on EICAS. tailstrike protection Any of several systems which prevent a tailstrike, usually by limiting authority of hori- zontal tail. tail surface Any aerofoil forming part of tail (2). tail undercarriage Rearmost unit of tailwheel-type landing gear (rare, suggest arch.). tail unit Complete tail (2) of horizontal, vertical and/or canted surfaces, often including ventral fins or strakes. Also called empennage. tail view Tail-on view showing object from directly astern; not normal aspect for layout drawing. tailwagging 1 Lateral flexure of fuselage. 2 Flat turns, esp. to steepen glide. tail warning radar Aft-facing radar, usually of active type, intended to detect other aircraft (and possibly SAMs) intercepting from behind. tailwheel 1 Rear wheel of * type landing gear, suppor- ting tail on ground. 2 Auxiliary wheel under tail of aircraft with nosewheel- type landing gear (eg Albemarle); fitted in place of tail bumper. tailwheel landing gear Landing gear comprising left/right main units ahead of c.g. and tailwheel at rear. tailwind Wind blowing approximately from astern of aircraft and thus increasing groundspeed. TAIMS Three-axis inertial measurement system. TAINS, Tains Tercom and, or Tercom-aided, inertial navigation system. TAIR Terminal-area instrumentation radar. TAIRCW Tactical air control wing. TAIS 1 Tactical air intelligence systems. 2 Technology application information system (SDI). 3 Tactical airspace integration system. 4 Thermal active intervention system. Take 5 Traffic crossing airway must maintain prescribed separation of 5 nm horizontally and 5,000 ft vertically from any GAT track in airway. takeoff 1 Procedure in which aerodyne becomes airborne; not normally used for launch of glider (except on aerotow) or high-acceleration launch of missile or RPV, and never for any ballistic vertical-liftoff vehicle. In author’s opinion verb is best as two words, noun and adjective as single word without hyphen. 2 Moment or place at which aerodyne leaves ground or water. 3 Net flightpath from brakes-release to screen height. tail-end Charlie takeoff 622 4 Power * for extraction of shaft power. take off To perform a takeoff. takeoff boost Boost pressure permitted for takeoff, usually 2 minute limit. takeoff cone Airspace occupied by aircraft in first minutes of flight. takeoff distance, TOD Field length measured from brake-release to reference zero (at screen); can be longer than runway and extreme limit TOD a = entire runway + stopway + clearway = TOR a × 1.5. For multi-engine aero- planes usually factored according to number of operative engines, thus TOD 4 or TOD 3 . TOD 1 = TOD required for particular aircraft and WAT, not normally to exceed 0.87 TOD a . takeoff distance available Actual distance at particular time, not necessarily length of runway. takeoff distance ratio TOD into wind divided by TOD downwind [with tailwind], usually expressed as percentage. takeoff/liftoff area Heliport area, a square with side equal to main-rotor diameter (FAA). takeoff limit No general meaning. takeoff mass Not normal term; for rocket or space launcher usually liftoff mass or launch mass. takeoff noise Measured on extended runway centreline 3.5 nm (strictly 6,485.5 m, but taken as 6.5 km) from brakes-release. A second reference point, not used for certification, is at side or runway opposite supposed start of run 1 nm from centreline. takeoff power Power authorized for piston engine or turboprop for takeoff, usually 2½-minute rating for turbine engines. In case of turboshaft, a lower rating than 2½-minute contingency. takeoff rating 1 Boost/manifold pressure/rpm figures authorized for piston engine at takeoff. 2 Thrust published for turbojet or turbofan at takeoff, normally achieved by engine control system rather than set directly by pilot, and subject to ATR or FTO tech- niques. takeoff rocket See rocket-assisted takeoff. takeoff run 1 Loosely, distance travelled over land or water in aeroplane or aerotow-glider takeoff to point of becoming airborne. 2 TOR, field length measured from brake-release to end of ground run plus one-third of airborne distance to screen height. TOR a = TOR available = length of runway; TOR 4 , TOR 3 are factored for engine-out cases, and TOR r = TOR required. takeoff safety speed V 2 , lowest speed at which aeroplane complies with required handling criteria for climb-out following engine failure at takeoff. takeoff speed Not defined but loosely = unstick speed. takeoff thrust Takeoff rating (2). takeoff weight 1 See MTOW. 2 Actual weight at takeoff (2) on particular occasion. TAKEOVER In HUD or as caption: autopilot has disconnected. T-AKX Ro/Ro ship commandeered in emergency for RDF. TAL Transatlantic abort landing (Shuttle). talbot MKS unit of luminous energy; 1*/s = 1 lm. TALC Tactical airlift center (USAF). TALCE Tanker airlift control element (USAF). TALCM Tactical air-launched cruise missile. TALD 1 Tactical air-launched decoy [vehicle or mission]. 2 Tactical airborne laser designator. Taleos Terrain-aided localization using EO sensors. talkdown Landing, esp. in bad visibility, using GCA. talk-through Facility whereby two mobile radio stations communicate via a base station. tall aircraft One calling for LEW technique or experi- ence. tall-aircraft VASI See T-VASI. Tallboy Armour-piercing bomb, 12,000 lb [5443 kg] (RAF WW2). Tallboy torch Turbinlite. Tally Visual sighting of air-to-air target (RAF). Tally Ho Air-intercept code: target visually sighted. Normally followed by Heads Up or Pounce (DoD). Talon Theater application launch on notice. Talon(s) Tactical airborne Loran (system). TALT Tactical arms limitation talks. TAM Technical acknowledgement message (ICAO). Tamda Tactical acoustics measurement and decision aid. TAMF Training Aircraft Maintenance Facility (DARA St Athan). Tammac Tactical airborne, or aircraft, moving-map capability. Tamps Tactical automated, or aircraft, mission- planning system. Tams 1 Total-airport management system. 2 Transportable automated meteorological station. T&B Turn and bank. T&E Test, or trial, and evaluation. tandem actuator Has two pistons or jacks on same axis, with linear output. tandem bicycle gear Two main landing gears on centre- line. tandem boost Rocket boost motor(s) mounted directly behind main vehicle, staging rearwards at burnout. tandem clapping aerial swimmer Small (the first was 19.5 kg, 43 lb) electrically powered aircraft with four reverse-cambered aerofoils which clap against each other in alternate pairs (NRL). tandem-fan engine Gas turbine with single core driving front and rear fans on common shaft projecting ahead of engine; fans can have shared inlet for conventional flight or valved separate inlet and exits for V/STOL. tandem main gears Two or more similar main gears in tandem on left and on right, as on C-5 or C-17. tandem rotors Helicopter lifted by two (usually identical but handed) rotors, designated front and rear. tandem seating One behind the other, in combat aircraft usually with rear seat at higher level. tandem vehicle One assembled from portions, eg stages, assembled in tandem and staged axially, in contrast to strap-on, lateral or other configuration such as Space Shuttle. tandem-wheel gear Two or more similar wheels in tandem on one leg, ie not a bogie. tandem-wing aircraft One lifted by two wings in tandem, neither bearing more than 80% of total weight. T&M Time and material [contract]. T&O Training and operations. T&R Training and Readiness (USN). T&S Turn and slip. take off T&S 623 Tanegashima Principal Japanese satellite launch facility. tangential ellipse See Hohmann. tangential landing Running landing by rotorcraft or VTOL. tangent modulus Slope of tangent to stress/strain curve at any point. tangent of camber In aerofoil profile, line drawn tangent to mean camber line at intersection with leading edge, in modern wings occasionally negative (sloping up to front). TANGO, Tango Technology application to the near- term business goals and objectives, 34 partners in 12 countries with part-EU funding. Tango 1 Standard ground position marker in shape of T (RAF). 2 Turbulent (Airmet advisory). tank Container of all fuel, liquid, propellant, lube oil, hydraulic fluid, anti-icing fluid or toilet chemical, and often gun ammunition; not used for containers of breathing Lox, air-conditioning refrigerants, potable water or supressant/extinguishant. tankage Aggregate capacity of all tanks for particular fluid. tank circuit Tuned RF circuit with capacitor and inductor in parallel. tanker Aircraft equipped for inflight refuelling of others. tank farm Cluster of storage tanks, usually for fuel, at airport. tank pump Booster pump. tank sealer Various thermoplastic liquids, resistant to hydrocarbon fuels, sloshed inside integral tankage to seal all interior surface; today superior methods of wet assembly and multiple coatings are used. tank vent Vent (1). Tans, TANS Tactical air navigation system; airborne computer storing many waypoints and fed by other inputs (eg Doppler, magnetic heading). tantalum Ta, shiny metal, MPt 2,996°C, density 16.7, important in refractory alloys. A carbide is harder than diamond. TAOC Tactical air operations centre (RAF/Army). TAOM Tactical air operations module. TAOR Tactical area of responsibility (UK). TAP 1 Terminal approach procedure. 2 Air-transport regiment (R). 3 Tactical autopilot, or technology. 4 Technical, or technology, assessment programme. 5 Terminal-area productivity. tap 1 To bleed; hence tapping, pipe for bleed air. 2 To cut threads in drilled hole; also tool for doing this. 3 Electrical power wire connected to main conductor at point along latter. 4 Engine throttle or power lever (colloq.). TAPA 3-D antenna pattern analyser (USAF ECM). Tape Total airport performance and evaluation (Euret). tape 1 Main meaning in aerospace is as medium for soft- ware, usually magnetic or punched paper. 2 One form of CF or other reinforced-plastics prepreg, used for layups or moulding but seldom for filament winding. 3 Pinked-edge fabric strip used for surface finishing (surface *). tape control Automatic control, eg of machine tool, by tape (1). tape instrument Cockpit instrument whose presentation is based on linear tape driven over end spools, usually in conjunction with fixed and/or movable index pointers or bars. Usually vertical, as in VSFI. tapelayer Computer-controlled tool for laying-up prepreg tape in manufacture of composite parts; auto- matically positions, starts, stops and dumps material rejected during prior editing. tape lay-up The parts produced by the tapelayer. tape mission Reconnaissance of Elint type in which digital (eg signal) or digitized pictorial information is stored on 7-track magnetic tape from which whole mission profile can be assigned to exact ground track, with each hostile emitter or other target assigned to precise location and timing. Taper Turbulent air-pilot environment research (1960–65 NASA-FAA). taper For given wing section profile * equal in plan and thickness, usually defined as straight or compound; in some aerofoils * not equal in plan/thickness so section profile changes. tapered sheet Thickness varies (usually at uniform rate) along one axis. taper ratio Normally defined as ratio of tip chord C t to either root chord or equivalent centreline chord C c . taper reamer Used to smooth and true previously tapped hole. taper tap Hand-turned tap (2) to initiate thread cutting. Tapley meter Damped pendulum in heavy stable case whose limit of swing feeds record of instantaneous or maximum vehicle deceleration; not suitable for runway friction measures. Taps, TAPS 1 Tercom aircraft (or tracking and) posi- tioning system. 2 Terminal applications processor system. 3 Target analysis and planning system. 4 Twin annular pre-swirl. taps Throttles (colloq.). tap test Crude search for delamination or other flaw in composite structure, typically with a coin. TAR 1 Terminal-area surveillance radar (ICAO). 2 Terminal approach radar. 3 Thrust auto reduce (SST). 4 Threat-avoidance receiver; passive ECM. 5 Trials ATN router. 6 Test action request. Tara Terminal and regional airspace. Tarad Tracking asynchronous radar data. Taran 1 Tactical attack radar and navigation. 2 Test and repair as necessary. Taras Tactical [digital] radio system (Sweden). Tarasov-Bauer Computer-based method of smoothing out judge’s scores to eliminate highest and lowest (CIVA). TARC 1 Transport Aircraft Requirements Committee (UK 1956–62). 2 Tactical air reconnaissance center (USAF). Tarcap Target combat aircraft practice (practise). TARE, Tare 1 Tactical air reconnaissance equipment. 2 Telemetry, or telegraph, automatic relay equipment (NATO). tare Unladen, without load, crew or fuel; normally used only in connection with surface vehicles, except for ULDs, Tanegashima tare 624 where * includes linings and fittings according to specifi- cation or registered with IATA. tare effect Forces and moments on tunnel model caused by support-structure interference. tare weight allowance Free allowance given by IATA to shippers for ULDs not owned by members. TAREWS, Tarews Tactical air reconnaissance and electronic-warfare support; RPV (USAF). TARG, Targ Telescoped ammunition revolver gun. Target Training and rehearsal generation toolkit. target 1 Objective of air-combat mission, either in air or on surface. 2 Objective of intelligence or Elint activity. 3 Any true echo (blip) seen or radar, and object causing it. 4 Objective of any missile. 5 To insert position co-ordinates of fixed surface * into guidance software of ballistic or cruise missile; also called targeting. 6 Unpiloted (towed or RPV) aerodyne serving as target for friendly fire. 7 Aircraft within surveillance range of TCAS. target acquisition Detection, identification and location in sufficient detail for effective employment of weapons. target alert EFIS warning of future turbulence. target allocation In air-defence weapon assignment, process of assigning particular target or airspace to partic- ular interceptor or SAM unit (NESN). target approach point Navigation checkpoint, usually prominent land feature similar to initial point, over which final turn in to DZ or LZ is made. target CAP Target combat air patrol; patrol of fighters over enemy target area to destroy hostile aircraft and cover friendly surface forces. target capture To detect, identify and locate a target in flight. target crossing speed Relative lateral velocity or sight- line spin (angular rate) or aerial target seen from interceptor. target date Date on which particular planned event should take place. target designation Marking or otherwise pointing out a target, or setting it into HUD or fire-control system. target designation control Throttle thumbswitch for slewing sight (or HUD) brackets to contain a surface target. target director post Positions friendly aircraft, in all weathers, over predetermined geographical positions, eg targets. target discrimination See discrimination. target dossier File of assembled intelligence information on target, normally including multisensor readouts and Elint. target drone Pilotless target aircraft, today often an RPV. target ensemble Region of sky occupied [or expected to be occupied] by multiple air/ground munitions. target-following radar One locked on to target. target indicator, TI Visible pyrotechnic, electronic homing beacon or other device air-dropped on surface target. targeting 1 To target (5). 2 Distribution of targets assigned to weapons, esp. to ICBMs and SLBMs. target marker Visible pyrotechnic dropped on surface target, or aircraft dropping same. target of opportunity 1 Target visible to a sensor or observer and within range of weapons and against which fire has not been scheduled or requested (DoD). 2 Target which appears during combat and which can be reached by weapons and against which fire has not been scheduled (NATO). Note: both the above can be ground or air. 3 NW target detected after operation begins that should be attacked as soon as possible within time limits for co-ordination and warning friendly forces. target pattern Flightpath of aircraft (meaning is normally in plan view) during attack phase (DoD). target price That hoped to be achieved, eg in incentive- type contract. target recognition Positive identification of type of target (eg type of aircraft), by visual means or by high- resolution sensor giving jet modulation or prop/rotor reflection signature. target reverser Jet-engine (turbojet or turbofan) thrust reverser comprising two deflectors (also called clamshells or buckets) which swing down to meet downstream of nozzle. target strength T = E - (S+2H) where S is source, E echo and H radar transmission loss; unit is dB. target symbol Computer-generated on display. target tape Basic software for programming missile guidance of inertial and certain other species. target tug Manned aircraft or RPV towing target (6) for live air/air or surface/air firing. tarmac Colloq. UK (esp. non-aviation people) for paved apron; US = hardstand. Tarmos Tactical radio monitoring system. Tarms Tactical aerial resource-management study (aerial firefighting). TARN Telegraphic auto routing network (NATO, Litton). Tarpol Tariff policy. Tarpos Target positional data [attack on moving surface target]. Tarps Tactical-aircraft, or air, reconnaissance-pod system (USN). TARS, Tars 1 Tethered aerostat radar system. 2 Theatre airborne, or tactical air, reconnaissance system. 3 Tactical Air Research and Survey Office (USAF, formerly). Tarsp Tactical air radar signal processor. TAS 1 True airspeed. 2 Training aggressor squadron. 3 Target-acquisition system. 4 Typed air station. 5 Thallium arsenic selenide. 6 Tactical acoustic system. 7 Towed-array sonar. 8 Tracking adjunct system (SAM). 9 Targeting avionics system. 10 Traffic-avoidance system (Japan). 11 Tactical Air Squadron (Poland). 12 Transportable aerosat system. TASA Thai Aero Sport Association. TASC 1 Touch-activated screen (or simulator) control. 2 Technical and Air Safety Committee of GAPAN. tare effect TASC 625 TASD Trajectory and signature data. Tasdac Tactical secure-data communications (USAF). taser Hand-held NLW which delivers temporarily in- capacitating shock via probes fired by nitrogen gun. Tases Tactical airborne signal exploitation system. Tasets Tactical steerable emitter threat simulator. Tasi True airspeed indicator (pronounced ‘tarzi’). task 1 Specific assignment to one air vehicle, or any other military force, normally involving operational or simulated mission or particular training exercise or programme. 2 Specific assignment to competitors in sailplane cham- pionships, eg speed round triangle, distance or declared goal, not disclosed prior to day. tasked Required to fulfil certain tasks (1), either of variable operational or routine nature. Not available for other missions. tasking Process of assigning tasks to available units or individual aircraft or crews to fulfil all mission require- ments. TASM 1 Total available seat-miles. 2 Tactical anti-ship, or air-to-surface, missile. 3 Top-attack submunition. Tasmo Tactical air support for maritime operations. TASR 1 Tactical automated situation receiver. 2 Terminal airport surveillance radar. TASS Tactical Air Support Squadron (USAF). Tass 1 Tactical automated security system. 2 Towed-array surveillance system. 3 Terminal-area surveillance system (1995 onwards). TASST Tentative airworthiness standards for [a future] SST (FAA). Tasuma Target and surveillance unmanned aircraft. Tasval Tactical-aircraft survivability against armour; post-Jaws (USA/USAF). TAT 1 Total, or true, air temperature. 2 Turnaround time. 3 Tactical aircraft turret (helicopter). TATC Terminal ATC; A adds automation. Tatcof Transportable ATC facility. TATF Terminal Automation Test Facility (FAA). TATI, Tati Trim and tailplane incidence (indicator) (pronounced ‘tatty’). TATP Triacetone triperoxide, high explosive. TATS 1 Tactical aircraft training system. 2 Tactical Aerial Targets Squadron (USAF). TAU 1 Target acquisition and tracking unit. 2 Terminal access unit. 3 Threat awareness unit. TAV 1 Transatmospheric vehicle. 2 Total asset visibility. TAW 1 Thrust-augmented wing. 2 Terrain-awareness warning. 3 Tactical Airlift Wing. TAWC Tactical Air Warfare Center. TAWDS Target-acquisition/weapon-delivery system, with Pave Mover. Taws 1 Terrain-awareness [or avoidance] warning system [previously EGPWS, now e-TAWS]. 2 Theater airborne warning system. tax Taxiway lights (ICAO). TAXI Taxi and parking facilities airfield chart. taxi To move aircraft on surface (land or water) under its own power. taxi channel Defined path for marine aircraft. taxi-holding position Designated point at which all vehicles may be required to hold to provide adequate clearance for arrivals/departures on runway. taxiing Participle/gerund from taxi; note spelling. taxilane Path on large apron or other paved area to be followed by nose gear, marked by continuous white line. taxitrack Assigned taxiing route at land airfield, not necessarily paved. Most or all may be perimeter track. taxiway Assigned taxiing route at land airfield, paved. Taylor diagram Plot of dry and saturated adiabatic curves on axes of pressure and volume (reciprocal of density) showing loss of pitot pressure in moist air. Taylor/Maccoll Original more exact solution for pres- sure over unyawed circular cone in supersonic flow (1932). Taylor Maclaurin Mathematical expansion of f(x) for values near x = 0. Taylor recorder Automatically counted number of times a preset vertical acceleration was exceeded (RAE, 1950). Taylor series Power series of f(x) in ascending powers of xҀa where f(x) and derivatives are continuous near x = a. TB 1 Turn/bank. 2 Timebase. 3 Torpedo-bomber (USN, 1935–46). 4 Terminal block. 5 Heavy bomber (USSR). 6 Turbulence. t b Burn time. TBA 1 Total (helicopter rotor) blade area. 2 Test-bed analysis. T-bar system See T-VASI. TBB Transfer-bus breaker. TBC 1 Toss-bombing computer. 2 Tailored-bloom chaff. 3 Tactical bombing competition. 4 Thermal barrier coating. TBCC Turbojet-, or turbine-, based combined cycle. TBCP Telebrief control panel. TBD 1 To be determined, or decided. 2 Time/bearing display. 3 Trail[ing] blade damage. TBE Timebase error. TBH 1 Truck-bed height. 2 Turbine- [or thrust-] bearing housing. TBI Turn/bank indicator = turn/slip. TbIG Terbium iron garnet. TBL Towbar-less, i.e. not fitted with towbar. TBM 1 Theater battle management; CS adds core system[s], S system. 2 Tactical, or theater, ballistic missile; D adds defense, DFS defense feasibility study, EWS early-warning system (USA). TBO Time between overhauls. TBPA Torso back protective armour. TBR Torpedo-bomber reconnaissance. TBRP Timebase recurrence period. TBS 1 To be supplied, or specified. 2 Tailored business stream (DCAC). TBT 1 Turbine-bearing temperature (also used to mean turbine temperature). 2 Transonic blowdown tunnel. TBV Tilt-body vehicle. TBW Throttle by wire. TASD TBW 626 tBX Air temperature (USSR, R, Cyrillic characters). TC 1 Toilet cart. 2 Time constant, or critical [see TCAIA, TCT]. 3 Turn (or twin) co-ordinator. 4 Thermocouple. 5 Test-complete (verb). 6 Type, or Technical, or Transport, Certificate (US). 7 Top of climb. 8 Taxiway centreline (lights). 9 Turbocharged. 10 Tropical cyclone, or continental. 11 Top of cylinder. 12 True course. 13 Transport Canada, with many suffixes, including N (data-processing network) and TSB (technical services branch). 14 Transformational communications (USAF). Tc 1 Tropical continental air mass. 2 PN code bit length, also called chip width. 3 Adiabatic flame temperature of rocket. 4 Superconducting critical temperature. T/C Top of climb. t/c Thickness/chord ratio of aerofoil. TCA 1 Terminal control area. 2 Télécommande automatique; IR/optical + wire guidance for missile. Operator merely keeps sight on target. 3 Time of closest approach. 4 Track crossing angle. 5 Temperature control amplifier. 6 Technical collaboration agreement. 7 Turbine cooling airflow. 8 Technical, or technology, concept aircraft (SST). 9 Tungsten carbide alloy. 10 Traffic-collision avoidance; D adds device (for GA; 1980s). 11 Throttle-control assembly. 12 Transformational communications architecture. TCAA 1 Taiwan CAA. 2 Transatlantic Common Aviation Area. TCAC Tactical Control and Analysis Center. TCAIA Time-critical automatic identification and attack. TCAR Transatlantic collaborative advanced radar. TCAS 1 Pronounced T-cass, traffic alert and collision- avoidance system [see entry]; -RA adds resolution advisory. 2 Tandem clapping aerial swimmer. TCB 1 Turret control box (helicopter). 2 Trusted computer, or computing, base. TCBM Transcontinental ballistic missile. TCC 1 Thermal-control coating. 2 Thrust control computer. 3 Telecommunications center(s). 4 Titanium-coated carbon. 5 Turbine-case cooling. 6 Tactical co-ordination console. 7 Tactical control center. 8 Technical co-ordinating committee. 9 Troop Carrier Command (USAAF, WW2). 10 Temporary Council committee. TC 3 , TCCC Tower control computer complex; S adds system. TCCF 1 Tactical combat control facility (USAF). 2 Technical communication control facility. TCCP Take-command control panel. TCD Time-critical data. TCDD Tower-cab digital display (ATC). TCDL Tactical common data-link. TCDS Type Certificate data sheet. TCEA Training Centre for Experimental Aero- dynamics (NATO, Brussels). TCF Terain clearance floor. tcf Trillion cubic feet. TCG Troop Carrier Group (USAAF). TCH 1 Threshold crossing height. 2 See TKP. TCI 1 Tape-controlled inspection. 2 Time-controlled item. TCIM Tactical communications interface modem, or module. TCIR Toxic-chemical inventory release. TCJ Tactical communications jamming. TCL Taxiway centreline light[s]. TCLT Tentative calculated landing time. TCM 1 Trim-control module. 2 Trellis coded modulation. 3 Throttle clutch motor. 4 Trajectory-correction manoeuvre. 5 Technical co-ordination meeting. 6 Transformational communications milsatcom, or military [also called TCS, TSAT]. TCMA Time co-ordinated multiple access. TCML Target co-ordinate map locator. TCMS Test-content management system. TCN Tacan. TCO 1 Total cost of ownership. 2 Tape-controlled oscillator. 3 Tactical Control Officer. 4 Tone cut-off (noise reduction). TComSS Telephonics communications management system. TCP 1 Transfer-of-control point. 2 Transmission control program, or protocol (Autodin). 3 Tri-cresyl phosphate. 4 Thrust centre position (of gross thrust vector). 5 Takeoff-chart computation program. TCPA Time to closest point of approach. TCPED Tasking, collection, processing, exploitation and dissemination. TCP/IP TCP (2) internet protocol. TCQ Throttle control quadrant. TCR 1 Terrain-closure rate. 2 Thickness/chord ratio. 3 Time-compliance requirements. TCS 1 Tilt-control switch (tilt-wing V/STOL). 2 TV camera set (F-14). 3 Tracking and communications subsystem (ACMI). 4 Telemetry and command system (satcom). 5 Turbulence-control structure. 6 Tactical-control system, or squadron. 7 Trusted computer system, meeting requirements for secure access. 8 Tactical-command system. 9 Touch-control steering. 10 Target control set. 11 Total-component support. tBX TCS 627 12 Troop Carrier Squadron (USAAF). TC/s Teracycles per second, = THz. TCSC Titanium-coated silicon carbide. TCSEC Trusted-computer system evaluation criteria. TCSS Terminal communications switching system. TCT 1 Time-critical target, or targeting; A adds aid. 2 Tactical computer terminal. 3 Transverse-current tube. 4 Target-centred tracker. 5 Takeoff configuration test. 6 Turbomachinery and combustion technology. 7 Targeting-cycle timeline = S2S. TCTO Time-compliant, or compliance, technical order. TCTT Time-critical target technology. TCU 1 Tracking control, or and communications, unit. 2 Thermal cueing, or control, unit. 3 Tracking and communication unit (UAV). 4 Take-control unit. 5 Tacan control unit. 6 Telephone conversion unit. TCU, TCu Towering cumulus. TCV 1 Total-containment vessel. 2 Terminal-configured vehicle. TCW 1 Terminal controller workstation. 2 Tactical Communications Wing. 3 Tactics and Countermeasures Wing (RAF AWS). 4 Troop Carrier Wing (USAAF). TCX Transfer-of-control cancellation message. TCXO Temperature-controlled crystal oscillator. TD 1 Target drone (USN category 1942–46). 2 Touchdown. 3 Transposition docking. 4 Time difference, or delay. 5 Tunnel diode. 6 Test directive. 7 Time duplex. 8 Tactical Director (USAF). 9 Tactical display. 10 Thrust decay; S adds system. T d , Td, T–D Dewpoint temperature. t d Ignition delay time of rocket. T/D Top of descent. TDA 1 Tunnel-diode amplifier. 2 Temporary danger area. 3 Trade and Development Agency (US). 4 Theater-defense architecture. 5 Today. TD&E 1 Transposition, docking and LM ejection. 2 Tactics development and evaluation. TDAP Touchdown aim point. TDAR Tactical defence alerting radar. TDAS Test, or tracking and, data acquisition system. TDATS, T-Dats Target detection, acquisition and tracking system. TDC 1 Top dead centre. 2 Through-deck cruiser, for Stovls. 3 Technical Development Center (FAA). 4 Target designator, or designation, control. TDCP Tactical-data communications processor (USMC). TDCS Traffic-data collection system. TDD 1 Tactical-related data-dissemination system. 2 Target-detection device. TDE 1 Target-data extractor. 2 Tactical-data equipment. TDEC Technical Development and Evaluation Center (CAA Indianapolis from 1939). TDEFS Technology demonstrator for enhancement and future systems. TDEU Test and data-extractor unit. TDF 1 Tactical digital facsimile. 2 Tactical-display framework (Awacs). TDG 1 Triggered-discharge gauge. 2 Two-displacement gyro. TDI 1 Triple-display indicator [fluid pressure, three dial scales]. 2 Tapped delay input. 3 Trade-data interchange, part of Apex. 4 Time-delay and integration (TICM). 5 Time-of-day interface. TDL 1 Tactical data-link; PS adds processing system. 2 Tactical data-loop; S adds system. 3 Trapped delay-line. 4 Truck dock lift. TDLS Tower data-link services, such as pre-departure clearance and D-ATIS. TDM 1 Time-division, or -domain, multiplex. 2 Tactical-data management, or modem. TDMA Time-division, or domain, multiple access. TDMMS Telemetry Doppler metric measurement system. TDMS Test-documentation, or tactical-data, manage- ment system. TDO Tornado. TDoA Time-difference, or delay, of arrival. TDOP Time-dilution of precision. TDP 1 Touchdown point; D adds dispersion. 2 Target-data panel. 3 Technology-demonstration, or development, pro- gramme, or project. 4 Three-day planning; F/C adds forecast chart. TDPF Tail-damping power factor. TDPS Tracking, or test, data-processing system. TDR 1 Tail-damping ratio. 2 Takeoff-distance ratio. 3 Technical-despatch reliability. 4 Transponder [XPDR more common]. 5 Traffic-data record. 6 Terminal Doppler radar. TDRE Tracking and data relay experiment. TDRS 1 Tracking and data-relay satellite; S adds system. 2 Technology demonstration and [or for] risk- reduction. TDS 1 Tactical-data system. 2 Time/distance/speed scale. 3 Tactical Drone Squadron. 4 Thermal diffuse scattering. 5 Training Depot Station (RFC). 6 Target-designation sight. 7 Threat deception system. 8 Threat-detection system; -FA adds fighter aircraft, -H helicopter. 9 Thrust-decay system. 10 Terminal display system. TDST Tower data services terminal. TDT 1 Tactical data terminal. 2 Transonic dynamics tunnel. TC/s TDT 628 TDTG Twin delta tandem [landing] gear. TDTS Tactical-data transfer system. TDU 1 Test, or TV, or terminal, display unit. 2 Torpedo Development Unit (RAF Gosport, 1938, became ATDU). TDV 1 Technology development vehicle. 2 Truck dock vehicle (cargo handling). TDWR Terminal Doppler weather radar. TDX Target-data extractor. TDY Temporary duty. TDZ Touchdown zone; CL adds centreline lighting, E adds elevation, L lights, M marking. TDZ marking White axial stripe on each side of runway. TE, t.e. 1 Trailing edge. 2 Tactical evaluation. 3 Taxiway edge (lighting). 4 Table of equipment. T/E Twin-engine[d]. Te Tellurium. TEA 1 Tri-ethyl alcohol, hypergolic igniter. 2 Transferred-electron amplifier. TEAM, Team 1 Training equipment and maintenance (NATS). 2 Technology for efficient agile mixed-signal micro-systems. teaming agreement 1 Inter-company agreement for marketing purposes, not involving licensing or co- production. 2 Now coming to mean any inter-company agreement to assist penetration of markets. teaming down Getting into partnership with smaller companies. teaming up Getting into partnership with one or more giant companies, one of which may be eventual prime. teampack Packaged for carrying across rough terrain by team of 2 to 8 personnel. Teams 1 Tactical evaluation and monitoring system (Northrop). 2 Tactical electronic-aircraft [or EA-6B] mission support system (USN/USMC). tearaway connector Umbilical pull-off coupling. teardown Dismantling into component parts. teardrop Standard procedure flying pattern similar to racetrack but with one end having large-radius and the other small. teardrop canopy Of smoothly streamlined shape, usually moulded from one transparent sheet. tear off a strip To deliver spoken reprimand (RAF, colloq.). tearoff cap Lightly sewn fabric parachute cover torn off pack by static line. tearstrap Doubler fastened [if possible, bonded] to skin to arrest progress of tensile crack. tease Faulty operation of circuit-breaker in which snap- action is absent; hence *-free. TEB Tri-ethyl borane. TEC 1 Trans-Earth coast. 2 Thermal (or thermoelectric) energy converter. 3 Thermoelectric cooler, or cooling. 4 Tower en-route control. tech Adjective, to go * = unserviceable (colloq.). TECEVAL Technical evaluation (USN). tech mod Technology modernization. Technamation Technical animation, methods for training and educational displays giving illusion of motion, eg flow through pipes, rotation of shafts, etc. Technical Assistance Agreements Bilateral agreements permitting disclosure of sensitive items by the US to the UK, notably concerned with LO technology (10 negoti- ated by early 2003). technical delay Delay ascribed to fault in hardware, lasting longer than 5 (sometimes 15) min. technical despatch reliability Percentage of scheduled flights which are unaffected by any prior technical fault, but ignoring delays due to other causes. technical electrics All services other than commercial electrics. technically closed Problem has been solved. Technical Standard Order Establishes quality control for avionics and other equipment; thus TSO’d items bear higher price (FAA). technical stop Stop by commercial transport at airport for reasons other than traffic; not shown in timetable. technical survey Inspection for monitoring (bugging) systems (DoD). Techroll Patented (CSD) configuration for vectoring nozzle of solid-propellant rocket motor in which nozzle drive forces are reduced by fluid-filled constant-volume surround sealed by flexible diaphragm. Tecmus Tactical ECM upgrade system. Tecom Test and Evaluation Command (USA, APG). Tecos Terminal co-ordination system. TECR Technical reason (ICAO). Tecstat Nazionale Associazione Tecnici di Stato (I). TED 1 Transferred-electron device. 2 Tactical (or threat) evaluation display. 3 Trailing edge down, or device[s]. 4 Threat-environment description. 5 Tool and equipment drawing. 6 Trace [of] explosives detector. TEDA Triethylenediamine. Tedlar Flexible PVF film for surface protection (regis- tered name). TEDS Tactical expendable drone system, for ECM saturation jamming. TEE Tubular extendible element, produced by un- rolling steel tape. tee Air/ground wind-direction indicator in shape of large T in white, either placed on ground and occasionally rotated or pivoted to base (and in a few cases moved by weather-cocking). Cross-piece is at downwind end of upright. TE-Ebaps Transferred-electron electron-bombarded active pixel sensor. tee connector T-shaped plumbing connector. Tee Emm Training memoranda [and excellent period- ical] (RAF). tee gearbox One rotary shaft geared to another at 90° at a point other than one end. tee junction T-shaped connection of two microwave waveguides. teetering rotor Helicopter main rotor with two blades freely pivoted as one unit about horizontal axis transverse to line joining blade tips. TEF Total environment facility, for processing recon- naissance data. Teflon Trade name (du Pont) for large family of fluoro- carbon-resin rubbers and plastics. TDTG Teflon 629 Tefzel Trade name (du Pont) for EPTE products. TEG 1 Tactical exploitation group (satellites). 2 Thermo-electric generator. tehp Total equivalent horsepower, normally same as ehp. TEI 1 Trans-Earth insertion (or injection). 2 Text-element identifier[s]. 3 Thermocouple engine instrument. tektites Small glassy bodies unrelated to surrounding Earth surface and believed of extraterrestrial origin. TEL 1 Tetraethyl lead. 2 Telebrief. 3 Telephonic (ICAO). 4 Transporter/erector/launcher; AR adds and radar. Telar TEL (4) and radar, on one vehicle. TELATS Tactical electronic locating and targeting system (USAF). telebrief Direct telephone link between ground personnel, eg air controller or ground crew, and military aircrew seated in aircraft on ground. telecommunications Transmission, emission or recep- tion of signs, signals, writing, images or sounds by wire, radio, visual or other EM system; abb. telecom. teleconference Conference between participants linked by telecom system. Teleflex Mechanical remote-control systems in which push/pull commands are transmitted by tube-mounted cable with complex coiled overlayers [able to drive toothed wheel]. telegraph Telecom using succession of identical elec- trical pulses. teleguided Not a normal expression; could mean a missile guided by radio command or by wires. telematics This word does not appear in normal English dictionaries. It appears to mean automatic control over wide areas encompassing several systems. telemetry Transmission of real-time data by radio link, eg from missile to ground station; today invariably digital and important in RPVs and unmanned reconnaissance systems. Data can be pressure, velocity, surface angular position or any other instrument output, or any form of reconnaissance output. Telemeter is verb; use as noun arch. Noun is * system or telemetering system. teleoperator Robot for performing mechanical tasks under remote control. telephone Transmission of sounds, signals or images by wire or other discrete-path link, eg microwave beam or optical link using free coherent beam or fibres. telephone box Figurative enclosure of aircraft whose energy has decayed in air combat to point where he is low and slow and has ‘no place to go’. telephotography Photography of distant objects on Earth. telephotometer Visibility meter. teleprinter Telegraphy with keyed input and printed written output. teleprocessing EDP (1) by computer fed by telecom system. teleran Television radar air navigation; use of ground radar to feed airborne TV display. Telesacs Telematics for safety-critical systems, in par- ticular co-ordination of ACAS, STCA and precision navigation (Euret). telescience Increasing output of space science experi- ments by use of Internet and broadband satellite commu- nications to involve ground-based researchers. telescope 1 In astronomy, instrument for collecting EM radiation (esp. light, radio, IR and X-ray) from extra- terrestrial sources. 2 To reduce overall dimensions by folding or, esp., linear retraction, eg helicopter rotor. 3 To reduce propeller diameter by cropping tips. telescoped ammunition Rounds in which the projectile is carried largely within the case, reducing length and increasing propellant energy per unit overall volume. telescope gauge Precision rod sliding in tube and locked to measured dimension, eg hole diameter, subsequently measured by micrometer. telescoping To telescope (2, 3). telescramble To render telecom, usually telephone, conversation unintelligible by scrambling. teletype US term for teleprinter; hence *-writer; often capital T (registered name). television Transmission and reception of real-time imagery by electronic means. Link usually by radio but may be any other telecom form, and imagery usually keyed to sound channel, entire received signal also being recordable by receiver; abb. TV. television command See television guidance . television guidance Command guidance by radio link sending steering commands from operator watching TV picture taken by camera in nose of vehicle. telint Telemetry intelligence. telling See track telling. telltale An indicator of position external to cockpit, such as rods projecting through wing skin to show landing-gear position. tellurium Te, semi-metal, density 6.2, MPt 450°C, metal alloys, glass, ceramics, electronics. Telops Telemetry on-line processing system. TELS Turbine-engine loads simulator. TEM 1 Transmission electron microscope (or microscopy). 2 Technical error message (ICAO). 3 Thermally expanded metal. 4 Illustrated tool and equipment manual. T/EMM Thermal and energy-management module. TEMP, Temp 1 Temperature (ICAO). 2 Temporary. 3 Test and evaluation master plan (AFSC). temper Degree of hardness introduced to metal by heat treatment, cold-working or other process. temperature Property of material systems, commonly called intensity of heat, determining whether they are in thermodynamic equilibrium. Normally a measure of translation kinetic energy of atoms or molecules. SI unit is K, not necessarily written °K. Specified as reported *, a local actual value, or as forecast * or declared *, read from statistical tables. temperature accountability All factors, in aircraft design, operation and certification determined by reduc- tion in propulsive thrust and wing lift caused by increase in atmospheric temperature. temperature coefficient Rates of change of variable per unit change in temperature. temperature coefficient of pressure For a given ratio of solid-rocket-motor surface to throat area, π k = δ I n P c / δ T Tefzel temperature coefficient of pressure 630 [...]... adjective, often synonymous with tactical theatre range Range of combat aircraft within a theatre, as distinct from deploy range Thel, THEL 1 Tactical high-energy laser 2 Theater high-energy laser (US, Israel) Thelact Tactical high-energy laser advanced-concept technology The LTAS The Lighter-Than-Air Society (Akron, OH, US) Themis Thermal-emission imaging system Then Year Actual funds voted or spent;... marker boxes round all likely surface targets, picking them according to their high temperature, and which automatically feeds target co-ordinates to the attack system if any of these boxes is touched by the pilot on the HDD touch display thermal cycling Oscillating between low and high temperatures thermal de-icing De-icing by heating affected surface thermal diffusivity Measure of transfer of heat by... measuring temperature thermometer screen Louvred box screening thermometer from direct sunlight; usually contains other met instruments and in US called instrument shelter thermonuclear Processes in which extremely high temperatures are used to initiate fusion of light nuclei thermonuclear weapon Hydrogen bomb thermopile Thermoelectric generator comprising stack of thermocouples thermoplastic recording... with (1) thermal load Imprecise term usually meaning temperature gradient or temperature stress thermally expanded metal Fabrication of parts from aluminium alloy sheets rolled together with intervening patterns of ‘ink’; the latter prevents the sheets bonding and, on subsequent heating, expands to force the unbonded parts to fit a mould thermal neutron Neutron slowed, eg in moderator, to thermal equilibrium... pressure surfaces) thermal X-rays EM radiation, mainly in soft (low energy) X-ray region, emitted by extremely hot NW debris thermel Any device based on Seebeck, eg thermocouple, thermopile thermie Non-SI unit of work (mechanical energy); 1 th = 4.1855 MJ thermionic Involving electrons emitted from hot bodies thermionic converter Electric generator powered by hot emitter and cold collector thermionic rectifier... junction then falls to desired level at -20 to -30°C thermoelectric generator Electric generator based on thermocouples using Seebeck, Thompson, Kelvin or Peltier effects; common spacecraft systems use nuclear reactor or radio-isotope to heat junction often based on Ge/Si alloy thermogram 1 Single-line output of traditional thermograph 2 Pictorial output of thermographic camera thermograph Recording thermometer... thermogram thermographic camera IR camera, usually of IRLS type thermography Translation of temperature changes in a scanned scene into visual picture, today important in military and civil aerial reconnaissance, industrial process control, medicine and many other fields Either black/white (black = cold, white = hot) or colour thermohydrometer Hydrometer with thermometer, giving two chart outputs thermometer... thermal index A forecast value of the temperature difference between sinking and rising air thermal instability Any combination of temperature gradient, thermal conductivity and viscosity resulting in convective currents, eg wind in atmosphere thermal keel Generated by positioning engine jet nozzles well forward under the fuselage [helps reduce generation of sonic boom] thermal lift 1 Lift due to thermal... visible radiation) thermal excitation Acquisition of excess energy by atoms or molecules as result of collisions thermal runaway thermal expansion Increase in dimensions caused by increase in temperature thermal exposure Calories/cm 2 received by normal surface in course of complete NW detonation (DoD) thermal fatigue Mechanical fatigue caused by stresses repeatedly imposed by thermal cycling thermal gradient... gradient thermal gradiometer Airborne instrument for detecting thermals by thermocouples on wing-tips which, in presence of temperature difference, sends electrical signal to cockpit indicator thermal heating Tautological; kinetic heating is meant thermal imagery Produced by measuring and electronically recording thermal radiation from objects (NATO) Normally IR wavelengths only are implied Hence thermal . a theatre, as distinct from deploy range. Thel, THEL 1 Tactical high-energy laser. 2 Theater high-energy laser (US, Israel). Thelact Tactical high-energy laser advanced-concept technology. The. target co-ordinates to the attack system if any of these boxes is touched by the pilot on the HDD touch display. thermal cycling Oscillating between low and high temperatures. thermal de-icing De-icing. of traditional thermo- graph. 2 Pictorial output of thermographic camera. thermograph Recording thermometer using pen/chart or light-spot trace on film. Output is a thermogram. thermographic camera