The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary Episode 4 docx

EBPVD Electron-beam physical vapour deposition. EBR Electron-beam recording. EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. EBRM Electronic bearing and range marker. EBS 1 Electronic beam squint tracking. 2 Export baseline standard. EBSC European Bird Strike Committee. Ebsicon Standard NATO word for all SIT image tubes. EBSV Engine-bleed shutoff valve. EBU 1 European Broadcasting Union. 2 Engine build-up or build unit. ebullism Formation of bubble, esp. in liquid rocket propellant or in biological or body fluids, caused by reduced ambient pressure. e-business Electronic business, usually means Internet. EBW Electron-beam welding. EC 1 Eddy current. 2 Environmental control (system). 3 Escadre de Chasse (fighter wing) (F). 4 Elliptic-cubic (wing profiles). 5 Electronic combat. 6 Engine-caused. 7 European Community, or Commission. 8 Event criterion. 9 Electronic checklist. 10 Electronic commerce. 11 Earth coverage (Satcoms). E c Compressive (bearing) strain. ECA Electronic control amplifier. ECAC 1 Pronounced E-kak, European Civil Aviation Conference [since 1956, now 36 countries]; RL adds refer- ence level (ATC). 2 European Civil Aviation Council [36 countries]. 3 Electromagnetic-compatibility analysis centre. ECAM 1 Electronic centralized aircraft monitor (presents all information on two CRTs in FFCC). 2 Electronic caution alert module. ECAP 1 Electronic-combat adaptive processing. 2 European capability action plan. Ecarda European coherent approach to R&D in ATM(7). (Int.). E-Cars Enhanced airline communications and reporting system. ECB 1 Electronic control box. 2 Economical cruise boost. ECBA Electronic-combat battle management. ECC See ECCM. ECCA Engine-condition classification analysis. ECCD Electric cockpit-control device. eccentricity 1 Deviation from common centre or central point of application of load. 2 Of any conic, ratio of length of radius vector through point on conic to distance of point from directrix. 3 Of ellipse, ratio of distance between centre and focus to semimajor axis. Also called numerical *. 4 Also of ellipse, distance between centre and focus. Also called linear *. 5 Distance measured chordwise between a wing’s aero- dynamic centre and its elastic [torsional] axis. ECCM Electronic counter-countermeasures. Eccosorb Important family of commercially available SFAs (RAM). ECD 1 Excusable contract delay (no penalty). 2 Equipment Capability Directorate[s] (MoD). ECDES Electronic combat digital evaluation system (USAF). ECDIS Electronic charts and data-information system[s]. ECDU Enhanced control and display unit. ECE Economic Commission for Europe (UN). ECEF Earth-centred, Earth-fixed. ECF Enhanced connective facility (SNA). ECFS Empire Central Flying School. ECG Electrochemically assisted grinding. ECGD Export Credits Guarantee Department (UK). ECH Electrochemically assisted honing. echelon 1 Aircraft formation in which each member is above, behind, and to left or right of predecessor; such formation is said to be in * to port or starboard. 2 Subdivision of headquarters, forward or rear. 3 Level of command. 4 Servicing unit detailed to provide ground support and maintenance facilities. Echo, ECHO Enhanced C 4 ISR for homeland security operations, an attempted synthesis of GCCS, Adocs (2) and CATS(4) (US, 2003). echo 1 Pulse of reflected RF energy, esp. that reaching the receiver. 2 Appearance on radar display of such energy returned from target; also called blip. ECI Electronic commerce infrastructure. ECIF Electronic Components Industry Federation (UK). ECIM Electronics computer-integrated manufacturing, ie, CIM of electronics. ECIPS Electronic-combat integrated pylon system. ECIT Enhanced communications interface transceiver. ECL 1 Emitter coupled logic. 2 Electro-generated chemiluminescence. 3 Engine-condition lever (CAA). ecliptic Apparent path of Sun among stars because of Earth’s annual revolution; intersection of plane of Earth’s orbit with celestial sphere, inclined at about 23° 27' to celestial equator. ECLSS Environmental control and life-support system [or subsystems]. ECM 1 Electronic countermeasures. 2 Electrochemical machining. 3 Engine-condition monitoring. 4 Electronic control module. ECMJ Escadrille de chasse multiplace de jour (multi- seat day fighter squadron) (F). ECMO ECM officer (aircrew). ECMS Electronic component management system. ECMT European Conference of Ministers of Transport = CEMT. ECN Escadrille de chasse de nuit (night fighter squadron) (F). ECNI Enhanced CNI. ECNP Export control and non-proliferation (UK). ECO 1 Electron-coupled oscillator. 2 Engineering change order. ECOC Enhanced Combat Operations Center. Ecogas European Council of GA Support (Int.). ECOM 1 Earth centre of mass. 2 Electronic Command (USA). Econ Economy. EBPVD Econ 201 economical cruise mixture Piston engine mixture with which AMPG is maximum. economiser Reservoir in continuous-flow oxygen system in which oxygen exhaled by user is collected for recirculation. economiser valve Assists in regulating fuel flow through piston engine carburettor, opened by increased airflow. economy Originally a passenger fare cheaper than first class, with less luxurious standards of cabin service, meals, seat pitch etc. IATA airlines introduced * class over North Atlantic in April 1958. economy-class syndrome Normally means DVT (1). ECOP Electronic copilot [colloq.]. ECP 1 Engineering change proposal, for introducing modification. 2 Etablissement Cinématographique et Photograph- ique des Armées (F). 3 Effective candlepower (non-SI). 4 Eicas control panel. ECPNL Equivalent Continuous Perceived Noise Level (see noise). ECPP Effective critical parts plan. ECPS Environmentally compatible propulsion system. ECR 1 Electronic combat and reconnaissance. 2 Embedded computer resources. ECS 1 Environmental control system. 2 Electronic Combat Squadron. 3 Engagement control station. 4 European company statute. 5 Engine-consumed spares. 6 Engineering compiler system. 7 Event-criterion sub-field. 8 Electronic chart system. ECSL, ECSM, ECSR Respectively ECS(1) plus left card, miscellaneous, right card. ECST Electronic-combat systems-tester (USAF). ECSVR Engine-caused shop-visit rate. ECT Enterprise caching technology. ECTM Engine-condition trend-monitoring. ECU 1 European Currency Unit (pronounced Ekyu, commonly called Euro). 2 Engine-change unit (complete bolt-on piston engine powerplant with cowl). 3 Environmental, or engine, or electronic, or Eicas, control unit. 4 Exercise Control Unit (a military formation). 5 External-compensation unit. EC UK Engineering Council (UK). ECVS Emergency communications voice system, or switch. ECW 1 Electronic Combat Wing. 2 Enhanced compressed wavelet. ECWL Effective combat wing loading. ED 1 Emergency distance (or distress signal). 2 Engineering development (part of progress schedule). 3 End of descent (Lockheed uses ‘EoD’). 4 Explosive device. 5 Environmental damage. 6 Eicas display. E/D End of descent. EDA 1 Effective disc area (helicopter). 2 Electronic design automation. 3 Excess defense article, available for sale (US DoD). EdA Ejercito del Aire [Air Force, Spain]. EDAC See EDC(4). EDAU Engine, or extended, data-acquisition unit. EDB Extruded double-base. EDC 1 European Defence Community. 2 Early display configuration. 3 Eros data centre. 4 Error detection and correction [often EDAC]. Edcars Engineering data computer-assisted retrieval system. Edcas Equipment designers’ cost analysis system. EDCT Expected departure clearance time, issued to a flight as part of traffic-management program (FAA). EDD Electronic data display (ATC flight data, tabular callsigns, heights, tracks and position information). EDDS 1 Explosive-device detection system. 2 electronic document distribution service. eddy 1 Local random fluid circulation drawing energy from flow on much larger scale and brought about by pressure irregularities, eg from passage of unstreamlined body. 2 In meteorology, developed vortex constituting local irregularity in wind producing gusts and lulls. eddy current Generated in conductor by varying magnetic field; to reduce ** cores are built up of insulated laminations, iron dust or magnetic ferrite. eddy damping Automatic damping by eddy currents generated by moving conductor. eddy Mach wave radiation One of three major sources of jet-engine noise, associated with supersonically convecting disturbances. EDG Electrical-discharge grinding. edge alignment Distance, parallel to chord of propeller section, from centreline of blade to leading edge at any station. edge effect Distortion of eddy-current pattern when testing for cracks near edge of material. edge enhancement Increasing the contrast at the periphery of an image, to render it easier to distinguish [important in recon. and baggage screening]. edge flare Rim of abnormal brightness around edge of video picture. edge keys Buttons around electronic display. edge management Strict discipline of maintaining optimum LE of wing, tail [and pylons, if present] for aero- dynamics and radar signature. edge elevator Deck-edge elevator (carrier). EDI 1 Electronic-data interchange, or interface, between single computers or groups; F adds function. 2 Electronic design information; L adds library. 3 Electron-drift instrument. 4 Engine-data interface; F adds function, U unit. Edifact Electronic-data interchange for administration, commerce and transport. EDIG European Defence Industries Group (Int., office Belgium). E-Dircm Escort directional IR countermeasures (USAF). EDIU Engine-data interface unit. EDL 1 Engage/disengage logic. 2 Electrical-discharge laser. 3 Entry, descent and landing. Edlar European data-link for aerial reconnaissance (Int.). EDM 1 Electrical-discharge machining. economical cruise mixture EDM 202 2 Engineering development model. 3 Evasive defence manoeuvres. 4 Engine-data multiplexer. EDMS Electronic data-management system[s]. EDO Extended-duration orbiter. EDP 1 Electronic data-processor, or processing. 2 Engine-driven pump. 3 Experimental data-processor (Eurocontrol). 4 Engineering-development pallet. EDS 1 Explosive[s], or electronic, detection system. 2 European Distribution System; A adds aircraft (USAF). EDSF Electronic-data standard exchange. EDSS Explosives-detection security system. EDT 1 Eastern Daylight Time (US). 2 Expanded data-transfer; M adds module, S system. 3 Electronic drop tube. EDU 1 Enhanced, or engine, diagnostics unit. 2 Electronic display unit. eductor Duct-fed ejector[s] for powered VTOL lift. Edwards California [Mojave desert] AFB, site of AFFTC and NASA DFRC, previously called Muroc. EE 1 Emergency equipment, or egress. 2 Electronic[s] equipment [bay or compartment]. E/E Electrical/electronic. EEA 1 Electronic Engineering Association (UK). 2 European Environment Agency (Int.). EEC 1 European Economic Community. 2 Engine electronic, or electronic engine, control; U adds unit. 3 Extendable exit cone. EECots Extended-environment commercial off the shelf. EECS Electrical/electronics cooling system. EED 1 Electromagnetic expulsive deicing. 2 Electro-explosive device. EEE Energy-efficient engine, also E3 or E 3 . EEFAE Efficient and environmentally friendly aero engine; P adds program. EEGS Emergency electric-generating system. EEI 1 EFIS/EICAS interface. 2 Essential elements of information (reconnaissance). 3 Electrical-engineering instruction. 4 Electronic engine instrument[s]. EEL.3 Pioneer ester-based lubricant for gas-turbine engines (Esso). EELV Evolved expendable launch vehicle. EEMAC, Eemac Electrical & Electronic Manufacturers Association of Canada. EEMP Enhanced electromagnetic pulse. EEMS Electrostatic engine-monitoring system. EEOC En-route Expeditionary Operations Center (USAF). EEOS European Earth-observing satellite. EEP Experimental electronics package. EEPGS Enhanced EPGS, typically ½-ATR boxes and ½-volume. EEProm, EEPROM, E 2 Prom Electronically-erasable programmable read-only memory. EER Extended echo-ranging. EERM Etablissement d’Etudes et de Recherches Météorologiques (F). EEPSG European Equipment Producers Support Group (Int.). EES 1 Electronically-enhanced sensing, or sensor. 2 Electrical Engineering Squadron (RAF). EET 1 Estimated elapsed time. 2 Escadron d’Expérimentation et de Transport (F). EETC Enhanced equipment trust certificate (leasing). E-Etops Initial E can mean early or EIS. EEU Elms [electrical load-management system] elec- tronic unit. EEVIP Early extended-range twin operations valida- tion and integration. EEW Equipped empty weight. EEZ Exclusive [coastal] economic zone; IG adds industry group. EF Evaluator Flight (RAF). EFA End-fire array (radar). Efams External fuel, armament and management system. EFAS, Efas 1 En-route flight advisory service. 2 Electronic-flash approach-light system. Efato, EFATO Engine failure at [or soon after] takeoff. EFB Electronic flight bag. EFC 1 Expected further clearance [time]. 2 Elevator feel computer. 3 Engine-failure compensation mode. EFCC Enhanced fire-control computer; C adds con- figuration. EFCS Electrical [FBW] flight-control system. efctv Effective. EFCU Electronic fuel-, or flight-, control unit. EFD Electronic flight display. Efdars, EFDARS Expandable flight-data acquisition and recording system (FAA). EFDC Early-failure detection centre. EFDPMA Educational Foundation of DPMA (US). EFDR Expanded flight-data recorder. EFDS Electronic flight-data system. EFE Emitter feature extractor, an Elint tool. EFEO European Flight Engineers Organization (Int., merged into IFEO). EFF 1 Explosively formed fragment. 2 Effective. 3 Enhanced forward funding. EFFE European Federation of Flight Engineers, later EFEO. effective angle of attack Angle at which aerofoil produces a given lift coefficient in two-dimensional flow, also called AOA for infinite aspect ratio. effective angle of incidence See effective angle of attack. effective aspect ratio That of aerofoil of elliptical plan- form that, for same lift coefficient, has same induced-drag coefficient as aerofoil, or combination of aerofoils, in question. effective atmosphere That part of planetary atmosphere which measurably influences particular process of motion. For an Earth satellite limit is 120 miles, 193 km (see mechanical border, sensible atmosphere). effective cover[age] Region within which a navaid provides accurate and reliable guidance. effective current Difference between impressed current and counter-current. effective exhaust velocity Velocity of rocket jet after effects of friction, heat transfer, non-axially directed flow, etc. effective helix angle Angle of helix described by point on EDMS effective helix angle 203 propeller blade in flight through still air measured relative to Earth. effective horsepower Power delivered to propeller. effective pitch Distance aircraft advances along flight- path for one revolution of propeller. effective pitch radio Basic propeller characteristic V/nd, where V is airspeed, n propeller rpm and d diameter, units being compatible. effective profile drag Difference between total wing drag and induced drag of wing with same aspect ratio but ellip- tically loaded. effective propeller thrust Net propulsive force; propeller thrust minus increase in drag due to slipstream. effective range Maximum distance at which weapon may be expected to strike target. effective sortie One which crosses the enemy frontier [see sortie]. effective span Span minus correction for tip losses; usually defined as horizontal distance between tip chords. effective terrestrial radiation Amount by which IR radi- ation from Earth exceeds counter-radiation from atmosphere. Also called effective radiation or nocturnal radiation. effective velocity ratio Based on dynamic pressures where q j is jet impingement stagnation pressure (jet-lift ground effect). effective wavelength That corresponding to effective propagation velocity. effector Any device used to manoeuvre a vehicle in flight, now becoming popular in US as alternative to inceptor. effects-based operations Selection of a series of targets in a particular order, to achieve a specific final result. efficiency Ratio of output to input, usually expressed in percentage form. efficiency of catch Proportion of total water droplets in path of aircraft which actually strike it. efflux Total composition of gas or other fluid flowing out from a device, except that in an engine with a propul- sive jet * excludes flows from auxiliary devices such as turbogenerators, heat exchangers and breathers. effusion Flow of gas through holes sufficiently large for velocity to be approximately proportional to square root of pressure difference. EFH 1 Earth far horizon. 2 Engine flight hours. 3 Equivalent flight hours [fatigue test]. EFI Electronic flight instrumentation; S adds system; 8×8 colour CRTs. EFIC Electronic flight-instrument controller. EFIDS European flight-information display system. EFIP Electronic flight-instrument processor; CP adds control panel. EFIS See EFI; CP adds control panel. EFL 1 Emitter function logic. 2 External-finance limits. ERM Enhanced fighter manoeuvrability, e.g. with TVC and RCFAM. EFMCS Enhanced flight-management computer system. EFMS Experimental flight-management system (Phare). ǰ˭˭ q ––– q j EFOGS Enhanced fibre-optic-gyro missile. EFP Explosively formed penetrator, or projectile. EFPS Electronic flight-progress strip; D adds data. EFT 1 Elementary flying, or flight, training; E adds exercise, P programme, S school. 2 Electronic funds transfer; S adds system. EFVS Enhanced flight vision system[s]. Allows aircraft below MDA and DH when not on Cat. II or III straight- in approach (FAA). EFW Electric field and wave. EFX Expeditionary forces experiment (USAF). EGA Exhaust-gas analyser. EGAC Enhanced general avionics computer. Egads Electronic ground automatic destruct sequencer button. EGAS European guaranteed access to space (five-year 2003–07 plan requiring €1 billion). EGASF European General Aviation Safety Foundation. EGATS European Guild of Air Traffic Services. EGBU Enhanced glide-bomb unit. EGCU Electrical-generator control unit. EGDN Ethylene-glycol dinitrate (a powerful explosive). eggbeater Helicopter with intermeshing rotors. EGI Embedded GPS/INS. EGIHO Expedited ground-initiated handoff. EGIU Electric[al] generator interface unit. Eglin Florida, largest AFB, home of many facilities including former APGC (USAF). EGME Ethylene-glycol monomethyl ether. EGNOS, Egnos European geostationary new, or navi- gation, overlay service, or system. EGP Exterior-gateway protocol. EGPWS, EGPS Ground-proximity warning system prefix E originally embedded, now enhanced; now called TAWS. EGR 1 Engine ground run[ning]. 2 Embedded GPS receiver. egress 1 Procedure for getting out of spacecraft in orbit or after planetary or lunar landing, whether for working in space or any other reason. Begins with putting on spacesuits, and includes depressurizing and opening hatch. 2 Departure of combat aircraft from target area. egress handle Handle which fires ejection seat. EGS 1 Elementary gliding school. 2 Exfoliation galvanic stress. EGSE Electrical ground support [or station] equip- ment. EGT Exhaust-gas temperature, measured immediately downstream of turbine[s] or exhaust valve. EGTP External ground test program. EGW Ethylene glycol and water. EH Edge enhancement. E h Total energy at given speed and height. EHA 1 European Helicopter Association (Int.). 2 Electro-hydrostatic, or -hydraulic, actuator, or actuation. EHAC En-route high-altitude chart. EHAS Electro-hydrostatic actuation system. EHBS Enhanced high-band subsystem. EHD Electro-hydrodynamic. EHDD Electronic head-down display. effective horsepower EHDD 204 e.h.f., EHF Extra-, or extremely, high frequency, see Appendix 2. EHL Environmental health laboratory (USAF). EHM Engine health monitoring (or monitor). EHOC European Helicopter Operators’ Committee (Int.). ehp, e.h.p. Equivalent horsepower. Usually total equiv- alent shaft horsepower. EHR Engine history recorder. EHS Enhanced surveillance. EHSI Electronic horizontal-situation indicator. EHT Electrothermal hydrazine thruster. eht Extra high tension (volts). EHUM Engine health and usage monitor. EHV Electro-hydraulic valve. EI 1 Earth (atmosphere) interface. 2 Entry interface. 3 Emissions index. 4 Electronic intelligence, prefix to SEAD. EIA 1 Electronic Industries Alliance [Originally Association] (US). 2 Environmental impact assessment. 3 Element imaging array. 4 Enhanced imagery analysis [W adds workstation]. EIANS Eurocontrol Institute of Air Navigation Services. EIB European Investment Bank. EICAS, Eicas Engine indication, or instrument, (and) crew-alert[ing]-system; C adds control. EICMS Engine in-flight condition-monitoring system. EID 1 Electro-impulse deicing. 2 Emitter identification. EIDS Engine-instrument display system. Eiffel-type tunnel Open-jet, non-return-flow wind tunnel in which whole working section is open. eigen values Discrete values of undetermined parameter involved in coefficient of differential equation, such that solution, with associated boundary conditions, exists only for these values; also called characteristic values or prin- cipal values. eight Flight manoeuvre in which aircraft flying horizontally follows track like large figure eight (see Cuban*, lazy *). eight-ball Artificial horizon or attitude indicator (colloq., US). eight-point roll Roll executed in eight stages, with aircraft held momentarily after each roll increment of 45°. eight pylon Manoeuvre used in air racing in which aircraft is flown around pylons so that wingtip appears to pivot on pylon. 802-M, -11B Leading wireless cabin system [in 2002] for use by individual passengers. EIMS European innovation monitoring system. EIOTEC Engineering, integration, operational test and evaluation contract. EIP 1 Enhanced industry participation. 2 Environmental-impact parameter. 3 École d’Initiation Pilotage (F). EIPI Extended initial protocol identifier. EIRA Ente Italiano Rilievi Aerofotogrammetrici. EIRP 1 Effective [or equivalent] isotropically radiated power. 2 Earth incident radiated power. EIS 1 Entry into service. 2 Environmental impact statement. 3 Ejection initiation subsystem. 4 Electronic instrument(ation) system. 5 Engine indication [or instrument] system. EISA Extended industry-standard architecture. EISF Engine initial spares factor. EISW Equivalent isolated single-wheel load (LCN). EIT Exoatmospheric interceptor technology. EITB Engineering-Industry Training Board. EIU Interface unit prefixed by equipment, engine, elec- tronic[s], Efis, Eicas or emergency. ejectable Able to be ejected from aircraft, esp. capsule, crew seat, sonobuoy, dropsonde or flight recorder. ejection Escape from aircraft by ejection seat. ejection angle Angle at which ejection seat leaves, measured relative to aircraft. ejection capsule 1 Detachable compartment serving as cockpit or cabin, which may be ejected as unit and para- chuted to ground. 2 Box containing recording instruments or data ejected and recovered by parachute or other device. ejection chute Parachute(s) used to decelerate ejection seat or capsule; often ballute or drogue. ejection seat Seat capable of being ejected in emergency to carry occupant clear of aircraft. ejector Device comprising nozzle, mixing tube and diffuser, utilising kinetic energy of fluid stream to pump another fluid from low-pressure region. ejector augmented lift Ejector lift. ejector exhaust Piston engine pipe(s) disposed or shaped to produce forward thrust, not necessarily incorporating an ejector. ejector lift Method of powered lift in which high-energy flow of hot gas (rarely, HP bleed air) from jet engine is expelled downwards through arrays of nozzles in large profiled vertical duct to entrain much greater flow of free air. ejector nozzle Propulsive nozzle for engine of supersonic aircraft whose jet can entrain a large surrounding airflow. ejector ramjet See ram-rocket. ejector seat See ejection seat. EJS Enhanced JTIDS. EK Equatorial air mass. EKG Electrocardiograph. Ekman layer Transition between surface boundary layer and free atmosphere. EKP Electronic knee-pad. EKV Exatmospheric kill vehicle. ekW Equivalent shaft power of turboprop, measured in kW. See equivalent power. EL 1 Electroluminescent. 2 Ejector (augmented) lift. 3 Emitter locator (or location). 4 Elevation [or el]. 5 Electronic logbook; also see ELB. Elac, ELAC 1 En-route low-altitude chart. 2 Elevator and aileron computer. Elass, E-LASS Enhanced low-altitude surveillance system. elastance Inability to hold electrostatic charge. elastic axis Spanwise line along cantilever wing along which load will produce bending but not torsion. elastic centre 1 Point within wing section at which e.h.f., EHF elastic centre 205 application of concentrated load will cause wing to deflect without rotation. 2 Point within wing section about which rotation will occur when wing is subjected to twist. elastic collision Collision between two particles in which no change occurs in their internal energy or in sum of their kinetic energies. elastic instability Condition in which compression member will fail in bending before failing compressive strength of material is reached. elasticity Property of material which enables a body deformed by stress to regain original dimensions when stress is removed. elasticiser Elastic substance or fuel used in solid rocket propellant to prevent cracking of grain and bind it to case. elastic limit Maximum stress withstood by material without causing permanent set or deformation. Hooke’s Law asserts that within ** ratio of stress to strain is constant. elastic model Linear dimensions, mass distribution and stiffness are so represented that aero-elastic behaviour of model can be correlated with that of full-scale aircraft. elastic modulus Ratio of stress to strain [up to elastic limit]. elastic stability Able to bear compressive yield stress of materials without buckling. elastic stop nut Nut in which self-locking is ensured by ring of fibre in which threads are formed as nut is screwed down. elastivity See specific elastance. elastomeric bearing Bearing in which angular (and some linear) relative motion is permitted by distortion of flexible blocks bonded to the two parts. Needs no maintenance. elastomers Rubber-like compounds used as pliable components in tyres, seals, gaskets etc. elasto-optical effect Variation in length and refractive index of fibre optics when subjected to tensile stress. elastoplasticity Theory of finite deformations. el-az Elevation/azimuth. ELB 1 Emergency locator beacon [A adds aircraft]. 2 Extended [or extension of the] littoral battlespace. 3 Electronic logbook; FCG adds fault-correction guide, ISE in-service evaluation. ELBA Emergency locator beacon, aircraft. elbow 1 Angled section of piping used where change of direction is necessary. 2 Hollow fixture used for joining two lengths of electric conduit at an angle. ELC Engine-life computer. ELCU Electrical control unit (CAA). ELD 1 Electroluminescent display. 2 Earth leakage detector. ELDO European Launcher Development Organization (1960, now defunct). ElectRelease Patented epoxy adhesive, rapidly dis- bonded by application of low voltage. electrical-discharge machining Shaping hard metals by making the workpiece the anode in an electric circuit and eroding it by a shaped cathode tool, all submerged in ionised electrolyte. electrical engine Rocket in which propellant is acceler- ated by electrical device; also called electric rocket (see electric propulsion). electrical interference Undesirable and unintended effects on equipment due to electrical phenomena associ- ated with other apparatus, cables, materials or meteorological conditions. electrical load management Supervises links between generators/alternators on main engines and APU, batteries and ground power supplies and on-board loads. electric altimeter Indicates height by variation of elec- trical capacitance. Also called electrostatic or capacity altimeter. electric bonding Interconnection of metallic parts for safe distribution of electrical charges. electric energy Product of current and time, 1MJ = 0.277 kWh, 1J = 1Ws. electric field strength Electric potential per unit distance across field, symbol E, units volts per metre. electric flux density Also called dielectric flux density, D = 4 π × displacement current, units coulombs/metre². electric gyro One whose rotor is driven electrically. electric propeller Pitch-change mechanism is actuated electrically. electric propulsion General term describing all types of propulsion in which propellant consists of charged elec- trical particles accelerated by electric or magnetic fields or both; eg electrostatic, electromagnetic or electrothermal. electric starter Electric motor used to crank engine for starting. electric steel Steel made in electric furnace (induction or arc-type) which possesses uniform quality and higher strength than open-hearth steel of same carbon content. electric tachometer See tachogenerator. electric welding Welding by electric arc or passing large current through material. electric wind Emission of negative charge from sharp corner or point of conductor carrying high potential current. Also known as electric breeze. electrochemical machining Range of processes in which large direct current is passed through workpiece via shaped electrode in conductive electrolyte. electrochemical treatment Process involving application of electrical energy to produce chemical change in surface of material to be treated, such as anodization of aluminium alloys. electrode 1 Terminal at which electricity passes from one medium into another; positive is called anode and negative cathode. 2 Semiconductor element that performs one or more of the functions of emitting or collecting electrons or ions, or of controlling their movements by electric field. 3 In electron tube, conducting element that performs one or more of the functions of emitting, collecting or controlling, by electro-magnetic field, movement of elec- trons or ions. electrodynamics Science dealing with forces and energy transformation of electric currents, and associated magnetic fields. electroforming Building up a metal part of complex but thin form as an electroplated layer on a substrate, eg nickel on expanded polystyrene. electro-hydraulic Synonymous with electro-hydrostatic; both are abbreviated EHA. electro-hydrostatic Using hydraulic power to provide output force in localised system with all command and elastic collision electro-hydrostatic 206 power provided by multi-redundant electric channels, which are much lighter than hydraulic piping. electroimpulse deicing Mechanical method involving repeated [small] surface deformations caused by electric shocks. electrojet Current sheet or stream moving in ionised layer in upper atmosphere; * move around Equator following sub-solar point and around polar regions, where they give rise to auroral phenomena. electrokinetics Science dealing with electricity in motion, as distinguished from electrostatics. Electro- kinetic potential symbol is ζ. electroluminescence Emission of light caused by electric fields; gas light is emitted when kinetic energy of electrons or ions accelerated in field is transferred to atoms or molecules of gas. electrolysis Chemical decomposition or change in chem- ical state produced by electric current. electrolyte Liquid or paste conductor in electrolytic cell or battery; when acid, base or salt is dissolved in water dissolved material ionises, so that solution has electric potential and, when current is passed, will have different potential from metal immersed in it; solution used for anodizing aluminium and alloys, sulphuric or chromic acids being most common. electrolytic corrosion Corrosion resulting from electro- chemical action of dissimilar metals in presence of electrolyte. electromagnet Magnet whose flux is produced by current in coil which encircles ferromagnetic core; temporarily magnetised while current flows. electromagnetic Pertaining to magnetic field created by current; combined magnetic and electric fields accom- panying movements of electrons through conductor. Abb. EM. electromagnetic compatibility All aircraft systems can work simultaneously with no mutual interference. electromagnetic expulsive deicing Sends intermittent giant pulses of EM energy which impart skin shocks which, though small amplitude, throw ice off. electromagnetic focusing Control and concentration of electrons in narrow beam by magnetic fields. electromagnetic frequency bands For administrative purposes various EM bands allotted letters (see Appendix 2). electromagnetic induction Establishment of current in conductor cutting flux of electromagnet; principle of rotary electrical machines and transformers. electromagnetic intrusion Intentional insertion of EM energy into transmission paths with object of causing confusion. electromagnetic radiation Radiation made up of oscil- lating electric and magnetic fields and propagated in a vacuum at 299,792,456 m [983,571,007 ft]/s; includes gamma radiation, X-rays, ultra-violet, visible light, infra- red radiation, radio and radar waves. electromagnetic riveting Closing rivets by violent EM pulse. electromagnetic rocket See electrical engine, plasma rocket. electromagnetic spectrum EM radiation extending from gamma rays down through broadcast band and long radio waves. electromagnetic units Several related systems of units [e.g. featuring abampere, abcoulomb, maxwell] now superseded by SI. electromagnetic waves Waves associated with EM field, with electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other. Also known as electric waves, radio waves, light, X-rays, and by other names. electromechanical 1 Using electricity as sole source of power and of command/control functions. Such systems are expected to displace hydraulics and other secondary power services, partly because of rare-earth magnets. 2 Control of engine fuel system by electrical signals. electrometallurgy Use of electricity for smelting, refining, welding, annealing and other processes, and for electrolytic separation of metals and deposition from solutions. electromotive force External electrical pressure (measured at source) which tends to produce flow of elec- trons in conducting medium; volt is ** required to maintain current of one ampere through resistance of one ohm. electron Subatomic particle that possesses smallest negative charge, and which is so-called “funda- mental particle” assumed to be building block of the Universe; mass at rest m c = 9.109 × 10 –28 g, negative charge 1.602 × 10 –19 coulombs; charge/mass ratio e/m c = 1.7588 ҂ 10 11 C kg –1 . electron beam Stream of electrons focused by magnetic or electrostatic field and used for neutralisation of posi- tively charged ion beam and to melt or weld materials with high melting points. Also called cathode ray. electron-beam lithography ‘Writing’ parts of an inte- grated circuit (microchip) by means of beam of electrons. electron-beam welding Use of powerful focused beam of electrons to make precision weld on workpiece in vacuum. electron charge Unit, symbol e, –1.602 × 10 –19 C. electron gun Electrode structure which produces and may control one or more electron beams to produce TV picture or weld material. electronic charge Electron charge. electronic cloth Rapidly growing range of micro- electronics based on low-cost flexible substrates. electronic combat See electronic warfare. electronic counter-countermeasures Subdivision of EW; actions to ensure effective use of electromagnetic radia- tion despite enemy use of countermeasures. electronic countermeasures Subdivision of EW; actions to reduce or exploit effectiveness of enemy electro- magnetic radiation. electronic data-processing System using electronic computer(s) and other devices in gathering, transmission, processing and presentation of information. electronic deception Deliberate radiation, reradiation, alteration, absorption or reflection of electromagnetic radiation, to mislead enemy in interpretation of data or present false indications; manipulative ** is alteration or simulation of friendly electromagnetic radiations to accomplish deception; imitative ** is introduction into enemy channels of radiation which imitates his own emis- sions. electronic defence evaluation Mutual evaluation of radar(s) and aircraft by means of aircraft trying to penetrate radar through ECM. electronic drop tube A multistation flight-strip manager. electronic flight bag Software and data-services solution electroimpulse deicing electronic flight bag 207 to digitize logbooks, charts and other flight documents to achieve paperless cockpit. electronic flight-control unit Computer controlling surfaces used as spoilers and airbrakes, with or without roll-control function. electronic flight instrument system Replaces traditional flight instruments by full-colour CRT displays (typically three 200 × 200 nm, 8 × 8 in, for each pilot) each re- programmable to operate in different modes and giving high redundancy. electronic interference Disturbance that causes un- desirable response in electronic equipment. electronic intelligence Detection, recording, analysis and cataloguing (where possible, linking with particular emit- ters) of all unfriendly EM emissions. electronic jamming Deliberate radiation, reradiation or reflection of electromagnetic signals with object of impairing use of electronic devices by enemy. electronic line of sight Path traversed by electro- magnetic waves not subject to reflection or refraction by atmosphere. electronics Branch of physics concerned with emission, transmission, behaviour and effects of electrons. electronic scanning Scanning by cathode-ray tube, or sequenced emission from larger planar antenna array, instead of by mechanical means. electronic warfare (also electronic combat) Use of electromagnetic emissions as a weapon or a source of intelligence. electron multiplier Electron tube which delivers more electrons at output than it receives at input, because of secondary emission. electron tube Gas-filled tube having anode, cathode and sometimes other electrodes for controlling flow of electrons. electron-volt See eV. electro-optical guidance EO guidance makes use of visible (optical) contrast patterns of target or surrounding area to effect seeker lock-on and terminal homing. Three such systems are contrast edge tracker (Mk 84 EOGB and Walleye); contrast centroid tracker (Maverick); and optical area correlator, which scans contrast patterns in large area surrounding target. electro-optic converter Device which converts electricity into laser pulses for fibre-optic sensors. electro-optics Electronics involving visible or near- visible light, eg TV. electroplating Coating metal with deposit removed from electrode and carried by electrolyte in which object to be coated is immersed. Electropult Patented assisted-takeoff device, in effect a d.c. motor “unrolled” (US c1940). electrostatic capacity Measure of ability to hold electric charge, unit Farad, symbol F. electrostatic deflection Bending of electron beam during passage through electric field between two parallel flat electrodes; beam is deflected towards positive electrode. electrostatic focusing Use of electric field to focus stream of electrons to small beam. electrostatic precipitation Use of high voltages (large potential gradients) to remove particulate matter from gas flow, smoke or other volumes. electrostatic rocket See ion rocket, ion engine. electrostatics Study of electricity (charges) at rest. electrostatic storage Storage of information as electro- static charges. electrostatic unit, ESU Unit of electric charge, amount of charge which repels similar charge in vacuum with force of one dyne; a statcoulomb. Elektron Magnesium alloys with 3–12% aluminium, 0.2–0.4% manganese and often 0.3–3.5% zinc. element 1 In electron tube, constituent part that contributes to electrical operation. 2 In circuit, electrical device such as inductor, resistor, capacitor, generator, line, electrode or electron tube. 3 In semiconductor device, integral part that contributes to its operation. 4 Parameters defining orbit of body attracted by central, inverse-square force: longitude of ascending node, inclination of orbit plane, argument of perigee, eccentricity, semimajor axis, mean anomaly and epoch. 5 Flight of two or three aircraft (US) or basic fighting unit of two aircraft (UK). 6 Component parts of aircraft sufficiently distinctive and specific in type, shape or purpose as to be of major importance in design. elementary charge Electron charge. elementary trainer Ab initio, also known as primary trainer. element leader Lead aircraft or pilot of element or flight. elephant ear 1 Thick plate on rocket or missile used to reinforce hatch or aperture. 2 Air intake consisting of twin inlets, one on each side of fuselage. 3 Quasi-circular balancing area ahead of hinge axis of flight-control surface [rare after 1920]. Elev, elev Elevation. elevation 1 Side or front view as drawn in orthographic projection. 2 Vertical distance of point or level, measured from mean sea level. 3 Height of airfield above mean sea level. 4 Angle in vertical plane between local horizontal and line of sight to object. elevation rudder Elevator (arch.). elevator 1 Movable control surface for governing aircraft in pitch. 2 Effectiveness of pitch control, as in expression “to run out of *”. 3 In air intercept, code meaning ‘take altitude indicated (in thousands of feet), calling off each 5,000 ft increment’ (DoD). elevator angle Angle between chord of elevator and that of either the tailplane or aircraft longitudinal axis. elevator tab Trim (or other) tab attached to elevator. 11-9 Date of 2001 terrorist attacks on US. elevons Wing control surfaces combining functions of ailerons and elevators, esp. on delta-wing or ‘tailless’ aircraft. elex Electronics (colloq.). e.l.f., ELF 1 Extremely low frequency, see Appendix 2. 2 Electronic location-finder. 3 Aerosports federation (Estonia). Elfin ATR racking and module for housing instrument, electronic unit or other equipment. ELG Emergency landing ground. ELGB Emergency Loan Guarantee Board. Elint Electronic intelligence. electronic flight-control unit Elint 208 Elinvar Trade name for an invar of steel character. Elios Elint identification and operating system. Elips Electronic integrated protection shield. ELJ External-load jettison. elliptical orbit Orbit of space object about primary body having form of ellipse. Nearest/furthest points pericentre/ apocentre. elliptic loading Ideal form of spanwise loading of wing, lift vectors forming semi-ellipse seen in front elevation. ELM 1 Extended-length message. 2 Electrical load management [S adds system]. elongation 1 Increase in length of hardware under tension. 2 Angle at Earth between lines to Sun and another celestial body of the solar system. ELP Electroluminescent panel. ELQA Extended link quality analysis (TADIL). ELR 1 Environmental lapse rate. 2 Extra-long-range. ELS 1 Emitter location system. 2 Emergency landing strip. 3 (Electron) energy-loss spectroscopy. 4 Electronic library system. 5 Elementary surveillance. Elsa Electronic lobe-switching antenna. Elsec Electronic security. ELSS Environmental life-support system. ELSSE Electronic sky screen equipment; indicates departure of rocket from predetermined trajectory. ELT 1 Emergency locator transponder [or transmitter]. 2 Enforcement of laws and treaties. 3 Electronic light table, for EO reconnaissance. 4 Emergency landing technique. ELV Expendable launch vehicle. Elvis Enhanced linked virtual information systems. EL/VT, ELVT Ejector lift, vectored thrust. EM 1 Electromagnetic. 2 Energy manoeuvrability. 3 Electron microscope. 4 Element manager. e.m. Electromagnet. e/m Electron charge/mass ratio. EMA 1 Electromechanical actuator, or actuation. 2 Electron microprobe analysis. 3 External mounting assembly (helicopter). 4 Electronic missile acquisition. EMAA Etat-Major de l’Armée de l’Air (Chief of Staff, F). EMAD Engine-mounted accessory drive. EMADS Euromux management and data sheets. EMAGR, E-MAGR Enhanced miniaturized airborne GPS receiver. Emals, EMALS Electromagnetic aircraft launch system (catapult). Emars Electromagnetic aircraft recovery system (carrier). EMARSSH, E-marsh Europe Middle East route [struc- ture] south of the Himalayas. EMAS 1 Electromechanical actuation system. 2 Environmentally modified airfield surface. 3 Engineered-material arresting system (ESCO). EMAT Electromagnetic acoustic transducer. EMB Extended MAD boom. embedded 1 Computer or other processor forming inte- gral part of device or subsystem and thus unable to communicate directly with bus or highway or to be used for any other purpose. 2 Mixed clouds, usually Cu embedded in other types. embedded optical databus Plastic fibre-optic conductors printed on airframe structure, replacing looms of cables. embedded training Simulated threat data are fed to the avionics of a real airborne aircraft; can include audio and ground control. embodiment loan Loan of government property to private industry, research organization or individual, usually to enable recipient to fulfil government contract. Embratel Empresa Brasileira de Telecommunicacoes SA. EMC 1 Electromagnetic compatibility, or capability. 2 Entertainment multiplexer controller. Emcat Electromagnetic catapult. EMCDB Elastomer-modified cast double-base pro- pellant. Emcon Emissions, or emission-monitor, control. EMCS Energy monitoring and control system. EMD 1 Emergency distance. 2 Eidgenossische Militärdepartment (Switz.). 3 Energy-management display. 4 Engine or engineering, model derivative. 5 Engineering and manufacturing development. EMDa Emergency distance available. EMDM Enhanced multiplex-demultiplex unit. EMDP Engine model derivative program (US). EMDr Emergency distance required. EMDU Enhanced main display unit (AEW aircraft). EMEC Enhanced master events controller. EMEDI, Emedi Electromagnetic-expulsion de-icing. emer Emergency. Emerald Emerging Research and Technology Department activities of relevance to ATM(7) concept definition (Euret). emergency air Compressed air for energizing hydraulic or pneumatic circuit in event of failure of normal power supply. emergency cartridge Provides combustion products to energize hydraulic or pneumatic circuit in event of failure of normal power supply. emergency ceiling Highest altitude for multi-engined aircraft at which best rate of climb is 50 ft per minute with throttle of one engine closed; also known as usable ceiling. emergency combat capability Condition exclusive of primary alert status whereby elements essential to combat-launch an ICBM are present and can effect launch under conditions of strategic warning (USAF). emergency descent Premature descent from operating altitude because of in-flight emergency. emergency distance Distance sufficient for all takeoff or landing emergencies, such as critical-engine failure at V 1 , met by runway plus stopway and possibly clearway. emergency exit Door or window designed to be opened after emergency landing or aborted takeoff for passenger and crew evacuation. emergency flotation gear Inflatables fitted to aircraft in emergency to provide water buoyancy. emergency landing Landing made as result of inflight emergency. emergency locator/transmitter Radio beacon giving Elinvar emergency locator/transmitter 209 position of crashed aircraft; fixed ***, portable ***, and survival *** (armoured and can float). emergency parachute Second stand-by parachute. emergency power unit On-board source of electrical and/or hydraulic power sufficient to continue controlled gliding flight following loss of main engines; commonly self-contained package using hydrazine monofuel (hence MEPU). emergency rating 1 Special rating of remaining heli- copter engine[s] following failure of one; time-limited, typically to 30s; also called super-contingency. 2 Piston engine rating for emergency sprint periods, with aid of high boost, water/methanol injection, etc. emergency scramble Aircraft carrier CAP launch of all available fighter aircraft; if smaller number required, numerals and/or type may be added (DoD). emery Hard abrasives based on corundum Al 2 O 3 . EMF Embarked military force. emf, e.m.f. Electromotive force. EMG Electromagnetic gun. EMGFA Armed forces general staff (Portugal). EMI 1 Electromagnetic induction, or inductor, or inter- ference, or impulse[s]. 2 Environmental message interchange. EMIH EMI (1, 2) hardening. EMI/HIRF EMI (1) high intensity radio frequency. EMIO Egyptian Military Industrialization Organization. emission 1 Process by which body emits EM radiation as consequence of temperature only. 2 Sending out of charged particles from surface for elec- trical propulsion. 3 Loosely, any release from solid surface of electrical signal. emissions control Combat environment in which all detectable emissions are, as far as possible, prohibited. Thus, shipboard aircraft must use autonomous landing aids. emissivity Ratio of radiation emitted by body (if neces- sary in specified band of EM wavelengths) to that of perfect black body under same conditions; only lumines- cent can exceed 1, value for black body. emitter Device releasing radiation, usually in usable optical, IR or RF wavelengths. EML 1 Emergency medical link. 2 Electromagnetic launcher. Emma, EMMA Engineering mock-up and manu- facturing assembly. eMMP Electronic maintenance-management planning. EMMU Engine monitor multiplexer unit. EMP 1 Electromagnetic pulse (nuclear). 2 Electric motor pump. 3 Engine monitor panel. 4 Engine motor pump [on ground, flight controls]. Empar, EMPAR European multifunction phased-array radar. EMPASS Electromagnetic performance of air and ship system (USN). empennage Complete tail unit. empirical Based on observation and experiment rather than on theory; used esp. of mathematical formulae. employment Tactical usage of aircraft in desired area of operation; in airlift, movement of forces into a combat zone, usually in assault phase (USAF). empty tunnel No model in test section. empty weight Measured weight of individual aircraft less non-mandatory removable equipment and disposable load. OEW is preferred. EMR 1 Electromagnetic radiation. 2 Electromagnetic resonance. 3 Electromagnetic riveting. EMRP Effective monopole radiated power. EMRS Electromagnetic remote sensing. EMRU Electromechanical (or electromagnetic) release unit. EMS 1 Emergency medical service (usually helicopter). 2 Entry monitor system. 3 Equipment Maintenance Squadron (USAF). 4 Engine management, or monitoring, system; see EMSC. 5 Environmental management system (AEW radar). 6 Electromagnetic-pulse shielding (hardening). EMSC Engine-monitoring system computer. EMSG European maintenance system guide. EMSP Enhanced modular signal processor. EMT 1 Equivalent megatons. 2 Error-management training. 3 Electronic maintenance trainer. 4 Enhanced moving target; I adds indicator. 5 Expert missile tracker. EMTA Engineering & Marine Training Authority (UK). Emtas Eco-management and audit scheme. EMTE Electromagnetic test environment. EMU 1 Extravehicular mobility unit; suit for exploring lunar surface. 2 Engine maintenance, or monitoring, unit. 3 Electronic mockup. 4 Environment monitoring unit. emu, e.m.u. Electromagnetic unit[s]. EMUT Enhanced manpack UHF terminal. EMUX, Emux Electrical multiplexing. EMWR Eddy Mach-wave radiation. ENA 1 Escuela Nacional de Aeronáutica (Arg.). 2 Extended network addressing. 3 Exhaust nozzle area. 4 Exercise notification area. ENAC 1 École Nationale de l’Aviation Civile (F). 2 Ente Nazionale per l’Aviazione Civile (Italy, certification). ENAV ATC authority (Italy). ENB Enhanced neutron bomb. ENC Electronic noise-cancelling. encastré Structural beam ends are not pinned but fixed. enclosed cockpit Provided with an overhead structure, either integral with the fuselage or a separate hinged or sliding canopy. encoder Analog-to-digital converter, eg converting linear or angular displacement, temperature or other vari- able to digital signals. encoding altimeter Presents usual display but in addition incorporates digitized output to transponder for trans- mission to ATC. encounter Time-continuous action between airborne friendly and hostile aircraft. end-bend blading Gas-turbine compressor blading whose ends (root and tip) are progressively given 3-D curvature to compensate for relatively sluggish flow over the inner and outer walls of the duct. emergency parachute end-bend blading 210 [...]... study Determines whether plan is within capacity of, or makes best use of, resources available feathering 1 Turning propeller blades to feathering angle, following engine failure or apparent malfunction, to minimise drag and prevent further damage 2 Of helicopter, cyclic pitch feathering angle See feathering pitch feathering button Used to feather propeller; protected by hinged cover feathering hinge Helicopter... since 1922, USAF since June 1 948 ), UK prefix since 1 942 3 Flap angle 4 Force, especially net propulsive force, thrust 5 Farad 6 Sonobuoy size, 0.3 m (1 ft) long 7 Photographic category (USAS, USAAC, USAAF, 19 244 7) 8 First class (seating) 9 Fuel mass 10 Fuel, with suffix 12 to 44 , thus F18 =100LL and F22 = 115 Grade (NATO) 11 Flashing [sequenced] light 12 Fog 13 Area forecast 14 Magnetomotive force [also... computer 4 Federal Airports Corporation (Australia) 5 Federal Aviation Commission (US, 19 343 6) 6 Farnborough Aerospace Consortium (UK, 550+ companies) 7 Fast attack craft (marine) FACCE See FAC2E face 1 Any exposed quasi-flat surface, such as main area of turbine disk 2 Any surface for mating with another 3 Open end of duct to be joined to another, including front of gas-turbine-engine inlet 4 Either surface... physics and thermodynamics, measure of unavailability of energy; symbol , or S, a measure of energy per unit temperature J/K Specific *, symbol s, is * per unit mass kJ/kgK = 0.238 846 Btu/lbR; the reciprocal is 4. 186798 Thus, in irreversible process, such as occurs in any real engine, * always increases Any system or process having constant * is said to be isentropic 2 In communications theory, measure... dry air then being compressed adiabatically to 1,000 millibars ERBM *** is therefore determined by absolute temperature, pressure and humidity equivalent power See equivalent horsepower; in SI units power is measured in W or multiples thereof; to a firstorder approximation ekW = kW + 68Fn where Fn is residual jet thrust in kN In Imperial units jet thrust (lb force) is typically multiplied by 0.3 846 [reciprocal... Safety EuroCAE European Organisation [spelt thus] for CivilAviation Electronics Eurocard Standard single-sided PCB, 160 ì 100 mm Eurocontrol The European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation, comprising Belgium, Netherlands [joint head office and 25 other states Eurogrid, Euro Grid Digital map with terrain overlain by pilot-selected graphics (initially for military helicopters) Eurogroup Informal... point) farval Aerobatic manoeuvre in which two aircraft perform routine with one inverted above the other (thus a half-roll results in the pair changing places) See double *, (USN 1929, relaunched by Blue Angels 1962) FAS 1 Frequency-agile subsystem 2 Flight-attendant station 3 Forward acquisition sensor 4 Federation for Air Sport (USSR) 5 Flare-augmentation system 6 Fuel-advisory system 7 Fore-and-aft... EVED Eidg Verkehrs und Energiewirtschafts Departement (Switz.) event At an airport, either a takeoff or a landing event marker Time-dependent indicator in HUD Everel propeller One of the few single-bladed propellers to have achieved any commercial success, the blade being counterbalanced by a lead cylinder (US c193 040 ) n W0/p VC3 Everling number No = = CD W0/S 96,000 where n is propulsion efficiency,... hinge Helicopter rotor-blade pivot which allows blade angle to be varied feathering pitch Angular setting giving zero windmilling torque for stopped propeller (opposite ends of blades cancelling out), thus minimum drag feathering pump After stoppage or failure of engine, provides hydraulic pressure to feather propeller feathers Wing movables: slats, Krỹgers, droops, flaps, ailerons, spoilers (colloq.)... of new type; confusingly sometimes said to mean first engine Type-Test, which might be years later FEW 1 Fighter Escort Wing 2 Few clouds, usual = 2 oktas The Few Collectively, the figher pilots defending the UK between 10 July and 31 October 1 940 few Up to 7 hostile aircraft (DoD) FEWP Federation of European Women Pilots FEWSG Fleet EW Support Group FF Final fix FF, f.f Fuel flow F/F First flight . single-sided PCB, 160 × 100 mm. Eurocontrol The European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation, comprising Belgium, Netherlands [joint head office and 25 other states. Eurogrid, Euro Grid Digital. into another; positive is called anode and negative cathode. 2 Semiconductor element that performs one or more of the functions of emitting or collecting electrons or ions, or of controlling their. increment’ (DoD). elevator angle Angle between chord of elevator and that of either the tailplane or aircraft longitudinal axis. elevator tab Trim (or other) tab attached to elevator. 11-9 Date of 2001 terrorist