The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary Episode 9 pot

serial data Successive signals passed over single wire or channel. serial number See serial (2). serial rudders Rudder made in front and rear portions, latter hinged to former and deflecting through greater angle (eg on Dash 7). Also called serially hinged. series 1 General term for subdivision or group within a larger related group, eg aircraft type Halifax II Series 1A, in this case corresponding to block number, modification state and other national terms. 2 In routine sequence as in manufacture of successive identical articles, eg * production, * aircraft; in this context often redundant word. 3 Mathematical expression with sequence of terms having form a 1 + a 2 + a n . 4 Connected in succession on same line, wire or channel and thus all carrying same signal, current or flow. Thus a turbine bearing, rotor disc and OGV may be cooled by a single airflow in *. series burn Consecutive burns of single or multiple rocket motors, eg on Space Shuttle Orbiter. series loading Addition of inductance in series to increase electrical length of aerial and reduce natural frequency of system. series modulation Connection of modulator in series with amplifier. series/parallel redundancy Connection of fluid pipes or other lines to give particular item (eg control valves of LMAE) choice of series or parallel redundancy, either on command or automatic and switched by sensed failure. series production Manufacture of successive identical (or near-identical) articles. series redundancy Connection of two or more similar items, eg control valves, in series so that failure of one does not imperil functioning system. series resonant circuit One in which inductances and capacitances are connected in series. series servo Servo located in control sytem so that its output adds to that of a major input. Commonly used with SAS actuators to superimpose controls on primary commands without motion at major input. series yaw damper One connected into rudder circuit at PFCU, driving surface only but having no effect upstream and thus not felt at pedals; may be operative at all times, including takeoff and landing. SERL Services Electronics Research Laboratory (UK, MoD PE, Baldock). SermeTel Coating systems [notably Process 2000] comprising aluminium-filled ceramic basecoat [sacrificial] and inert glossy-ceramic top-coat. SERN, Sern Single-expansion ramp nozzle. Serno Serial number. serpentine inlet Shaped to prevent hostile radars from ‘seeing’ the engine. Serrate Family of similar passive receivers carried by night intruders and giving bearing of hostile night-fighter radars (RAF, WW2). serrated skin joint Having a sawtooth edge to minimize radar cross-section. SERT Space electric (or electrostatic) rocket test. Service See service (2). service 1 Use, employment for design function; thus squadron *, line * (civil airline) etc. 2 Major branch of national armed forces. 3 To carry out routine maintenance and replenishment. 4 Facility offered to aviators, eg radar *, ATC *. service area 1 Geographical extent of coverage of radio navaid or other surface-based electronic system. 2 Part of airfield assigned to routine servicing. 3 Part of airfield dedicated to support services, eg crash/fire/rescue, transport vehicles, trolley and stairway parking, etc. Service Bulletin Advisory notice issued by manufacturer of aircraft, engine or equipment alerting operators to actual or predicted faults which require rectification, remedial maintenance or design modification. Some are prefaced mandatory, but, unlike ADs, SBs cannot be legally enforced. service ceiling Basic performance parameter for (usually military) aircraft; height which maximum rate of climb has fallen to lowest value practical for military operations, in UK and US traditionally equal to 100 ft/min. Service Deviation Temporary permitted deviation from MAR to meet urgent OR covering a modification which should eventually be subject to MAR procedures. Aircraft airworthiness under SD is responsibility of the user Service (UK forces). service door Door in aircraft outer skin covering a main- tenance or control panel, eg for cargo loading. service engineering Function of determining integrity of materiel and services to measure and maintain opera- tional reliability, approve design changes and assure conformance with approved specifications and standards (USAF). service load “The total weight of crew, removable arma- ments and equipment normally carried” (UK usage, 1920–40). service loads Structural loads actually met in service. Serviceman Member of the armed forces (UK origin); need for Servicewoman is suggested. service module Major element of spacecraft supplying secondary power and consumables. service stand Place assigned to a particular flight (7); can be gate position or marshalled location on distant apron. Some servicing is normally performed here before depar- ture. service tank Fuel tank located near engine to which fuel from other tanks is pumped and from which fuel is supplied to engine (arch.). Service Technique See STAé. service test Test of hardware or technique under simu- lated or actual operational conditions to confirm satisfaction of military requirements. service-test model Model (full-scale item is implied) used to determine characteristics, capabilities and limitations under simulated or actual service operational conditions (ASCC). service tower Tower used to afford access to whole length of tall (eg ballistic or Shuttle) vehicle before liftoff; generally synonymous with gantry. service transport unit Installation conveying electric and hydraulic (in some cases pneumatic) power and a wide range of liquids across apron-drive bridges to aircraft. servicing To carry out service (3). servicing appraisal exercise Formal study of servicing of particular hardware item (eg combat aircraft) in simu- lated combat conditions, to yield job times, difficulties, serial data servicing appraisal exercise 551 conflicts and shortcomings and make recommendations (UK usage). servicing instruction Issued to remedy or prevent defect in military hardware item when action required may be urgent and recurrent (UK usage). May be issued when defect is suspected but not confirmed; roughly equivalent to Airworthiness Directive. serving cord Usually seven-strand machine cord, used for wrapping control-cable splices. servo Servomechanism, but now word in own right. servoactuator The actuator in a servomechanism. servo-assisted altimeter Pressure altimeter in which capsule movement is measured by sensitive EM pick-off whose output is amplified and used to drive motor geared to display. servo-assisted controls See servocontrols. servocontrols Not defined, and not recommended. BSI definition: a control devised to reinforce pilot’s effort by a relay. A US definition: a * is practically identical to a trimming tab. Appears to be general vague term for primary flight controls (not mentioned in BSI) where surface deflection is produced by force other than, or additional to, that of muscles. Such added force may come from PFCU or various types of tab (see servotab). Servodyne Registered (Automotive Products/Lockheed UK) family of pioneer PFCUs with mechanical signalling and hydraulic output. servoed Operated by servo. servo link See servo loop. servo loop Conrol system in which human input is amplified by servomechanism provided with feedback so that, as desired output is attained, demand is cancelled. servomechanism Force-amplifying mechanism such that output accurately follows input, even when rapidly varying, but has much greater power. Motions can be rotary but usually linear, and can be controlled by input only (open-loop) or by follow-up feedback (closed-loop) forming servo loop. Essential feature is that * constantly compares demand with output, any difference generating an error signal which drives output in required direction to reduce error to zero. servomotor Rotary-output machine providing power locally; not necessarily part of servomechanism. servo optical mechanical Modelling program for IR ray tracing. servo rudder Auxilliary rudder driven directly by pilot’s pedals and moving main rudder by twin cantilever beams attaching ** to trailing edge of main surface. Common 1922-38. Precursor of servo tab but not a servo- mechanism. servo system Servomechanism with feedback. servotab Tab in primary flight-control surface moved directly by pilot to generate aerodynamic force moving main surface. SES 1 Surface-effect ship. 2 Shuttle engineering simulator. 3 Software exploitation segment (JSIPS). 4 Single-event signal. 5 Secure equipment system. 6 Stored-energy system. 7 Support-equipment summary. 8 Société Européenne des Satellites (Luxembourg). 9 Single-engine seaplane. 10 Single European Sky. 11 Space environment simulator. SESA Society for Experimental Stress Analysis (US). SESC Special environmental sample container. SESMA Special-event search and master analysis. SESP Space Experiment Support Program (USAF). Sespo Support Equipment Systems Project Office. sesquiplane Biplane whose lower wing has less than half area of upper. SESS 1 Space environmental support system. 2 Session. Sessia Société d’Etudes de constructions de Souffleries, Simulateurs et Instruments Aérodynamiques (F). SET 1 Split engine transportation (fan and core travel as two items). 2 The Space Education Trust (RAeS). 3 Science, engineering and technology. set 1 Drift (US, suggest arch.). 2 To place storage device, binary cell or other bistable switch or gate in particular state; condition thus obtained. 3 Complete kit of special tools and/or parts for partic- ular job, eg field modification; also called shop *. 4 Permanent deflection imparted by straining beyond elastic limit, esp. lateral bending of saw teeth. 5 Hand tool/hammer for closing rivets (rare in aero- space). SETA, SE/TA Systems [or scientific and] engineering technical assistance. Setac German augmented sector-Tacan system used as precision approach aid. setback Distance from mould line (edge) and bend tangent line to allow for radius of bend in sheet metal- work. SETD Scheduled ETD. SETE Supersonic expendable turbine engine. SETI Search for extraterrestrial intelligence. SETL Single-event threshold level. SETO Single-engine takeoff. SETOLS Surface-effect takeoff and landing system. set-on Assignment of offensive electronics, especially ECM jammer, to counter a particular threat, specifying frequency, signal modulation and, if possible, direction. SETP Society of Experimental Test Pilots (Int. but US- based, 2,100 + members, 1955–). SETR Specific Equipment Type Rating (NATS engineers). SETS 1 Seeker evaluation test system. 2 Severe-environment tape system. setting Angle of incidence of wing, flap, tailplane (or trimmer) or other surface. setting hammer See peening. setting the hook Preventing roll reversal in air combat by centralizing stick and using rudder. settling Sink of helicopter on takeoff (if pilot does not increase collective) caused by lift ceasing to exceed weight as rotor rises out of ground effect. settling chamber Section of wind tunnel upstream of working section in which large increase in cross-section results in great reduction in flow velocity and allows turbulence to die out before acceleration into working- section throat. SEU 1 Sensor, or sight, or seat, or system, electronics unit. 2 Stores ejector unit. 3 Single-event upset. servicing instruction SEU 552 SEV 1 Surface-effect vehicle, usually synonymous with ACV. 2 Severe. Seval, SEVAL Sensor EW Tactical Evaluator (USN). seven-bar format Standard format for presenting alphanumeric numerals in electronic displays, all numerals being created by illuminating some of four vertical and three horizontal bars (eg LEDs). 7 by 19 Standard high-strength steel cable made up of seven strands each of 19 twisted wires. 7 by 7 Standard steel cable made up of seven strands each of seven twisted wires. seven flyings Seven types of flight by dead reckoning, two plane (plane and traverse) and five spherical (composite, great circle, Mercator, middle-altitude and parallel) (US usage, arch.). 720° precision turn Standard US training manoeuvre; two complete circles flown at full power at as near as possible constant height at bank angle of 60°. 1760 Standard interface for air-launched stores and other external loads (DoD). 7500 International transponder code ‘I am being hijacked’. Severe Weather Avoidance Plan Approved plan to mini- mize ATC disruption caused by occasional need to re-route traffic to/through impacted terminal and/or ARTCC areas (FAA). SEVIRI, Seviri Spinning enhanced visible IR imager. SEVVA Security Evaluation, Validation and Verification Agency (UK). Sewaco Sensor weapon command and control system. SEWS Satellite early-warning system. SEWT Simulator for electronic-warfare training. sextant Optical instrument for measuring altitude of celestial bodies. Seybolt Hand tester of aircraft fabric which measures force required to punch a controlled hole. SEZ Selector engagement zone. SF 1 Signal frequency (often s.f.). 2 Scheduled freight. 3 Stick force. 4 Secondary/final talkdown. 5 Special Forces (USA). 6 Standard form. 7 Sampling frequency. S/F Ratio of system operating time divided by flight hours. SFA 1 Société Française d’Astronautique (F). 2 Sous-direction de la Formation Aéronautique (F). 3 Sintered ferrite absorber (RAM). 4 Single-frequency approach. SFACT Service de la Formation Aéronautique et du Contrôle Technique; responsible for civil aircraft and aircrew licensing (F). SFAR Special Federal Aviation Regulation[s] (US). SFC 1 Simulated flight cycle[s]. 2 Surface (ICAO). 3 Side-force control. sfc, s.f.c. Specific fuel consumption. SFCA Service des Fabrications du Commissariat de l’Air (F). SFCC 1 Side-facing crew cockpit, ie has flight engineer panel. 2 Slat/flap control computer. SFCS 1 Survivable flight-control system, USAF/ McDonnell FBW programme of 1968. 2 Safety flight-control system; protects aircraft (eg Concorde) against excessive AOA or jammed control column. 3 Secondary flight-control system. 4 Simplified fire-control system. SFD 1 Simple formattable document, immediately ready for message transmission. 2 Special Forces Directorate (UK). SFDAS Société Française de Droit Aérien et Spatial (F). SFDB Superplastic forming and diffusion bonding; important manufacturing technique in which structure is welded from sheet into gas-tight envelope and then inflated in heated mould until diffusion-bonded into desired shape. SFDC Satellite Field Distribution Center (NMC). SFDF Subsystem fault-detection function. SFDR Standard flight-data recorder. SFDS Secondary, or standby, flight-display, or flight- data, system. SFE 1 Supplier-furnished equipment. 2 Sensor front end; / GA adds gimbal assembly. SFEA Survival and Flight Equipment Association (UK). sferics Study of atmospheric radio interference, esp. from met. point of view; sometimes spelt spherics. SFF 1 Self-forging, or forming, fragment. 2 Svensk Flughistorik Forening (Sweden). SFFL Standard foreign fare level (IATA). SF/g Stick force per g. SFI Special flying instruction (CAA). SFIRR Solid-fuel integrated rocket/ramjet. SFK Aramid (spider-fibre) reinforced plastics composite (G). SFL 1 Safe fatigue life. 2 Sequenced flashing light[s]. SFLOC, SFloc Synoptic filing of location, of sources of atmospherics. SFM 1 Sensor-fuzed munition. 2 Self-forging munition. 3 Surface feet per minute [machining]. SFO Simulated flameout. SFOC Space flight operations center. SFOCS Single fibre optical communications system. SFOF Space Flight Operations Facility, part of DSN. SFOR Stabilization Force (NATO). SFOV Sensor field of view. SFPA Staring focal-plane array; hence SFPAS adds seeker. SFPCA Society for the Preservation of Commercial Aircraft (US). SFPD Smart flat-panel display. SFPM Surface feet per minute; linear speed measure for machining or grinding. SFPMAC Société Française de Physiologie et de Médécine Aéronautique et Cosmonautique (F). SFQL Structured full-text query language. SFR Stepped-frequency radar. SFRJ Solid-fuel ramjet. SFRM Total hours since factory remanufacture. SFS 1 Side-force surface. 2 Simulator/fallback system. SEV SFS 553 SFSO Station Flight-Safety Officer (RAF). SFSS Satellite field service station. SFT 1 Satellite field terminal. 2 Standard food trolley (loaded, 136 kg, 300 lb). 3 Surface friction tester. SFTE Society of Flight Test Engineers; US, with a London-based European Chapter. SFTS 1 Service flying training school. 2 Spaceflight telecommunications system. 3 Synthetic flight training system. SF21 Safe Flight 21, three-year [1999-2001] programme to demonstrate Free Flight, using ADS-B and TIS-B (FAA). SFU Suitable for upgrade. SFUV Self-filtered ultra-violet. SFW Sensor-fuzed weapon(s). SG 1 Specific gravity, or s.g. 2 Spheroidal-graphite (cast iron). 3 Screen grid. 4 Shell gun, = cannon. 5 Sortie generation, or sorties generated. 6 Schlachtgeschwader, close-support attack wing (G, WW2). 7 Symbol, or signal, generator. 8 Snow grains. 9 Study group. s.g. Specific gravity. SGA Silicon gate array. SGAC Secrétariat Général à l’Aviation Civile (C adds ‘Commerciale’) (F). SGAD Supersonic global attack demonstrator (US AFRL). SGC 1 Symbol-generator computing. 2 Swept gain control. 3 Smoke-generator cartridge. SGCAS Study Group on Certification of Automatic Systems. SGCI SG cast iron. SGD Synthesized, or smart, graphic display[s]. SGDF Shaft- and gear-driven fan. SGDN Secrétariat Général de las Défense Nationale (F). SGDP Selected ground delay program(me); departures causing overload at congested arrival fix are manually assigned chosen later departure time. SGDU Smart graphic display unit. SGE USAF Support Group Europe (RAF Kemble). SGEMP System-generated electromagnetic pulse. SGF Second-generation Flir. SGFNT Significant. SGI Silicon graphics image [generator]. SGIT Special-group inclusive tour. SGL 1 Signal (ICAO). 2 Static ground line. SGLS Space ground link subsystem (USAF). SGLV Second-generation launch vehicle. SGME Self-generated multipath effect. SGML Standard generalized markup language. SGN Standing Group NATO. SGP Smart graphics processor. SGR Sortie-generation rate. SG Rep Standing Group Representative. SGS 1 Surface guidance system. 2 Sub-grid scale. 3 Satellite ground system, or station. SGSI Stabilized glideslope indicator. SGT Satellite ground terminal. SGU Signal-generator unit. SH 1 Showers (ICAO). 2 Support helicopter. S/H Sample and hold; maintains present analog velocity until next sampling. SHA 1 System hazard analysis. 2 Sidereal hour angle. 3 Swiss Helicopter Association. shack Verb, to score direct hit (colloq.). shackle 1 Loosely used in conventional sense to mean link attaching dropped stores to carrier or rack; not recommended. 2 To swap places to enable a pair to exploit tactical situation. Shade Shared data environment. Shadow Subsonic hovering armament direction and observation window (UAV). shadow 1 Wingman ordered to stick close to leader in all circumstances. 2 To duplicate all functions of a manufacturing plant to provide exact second source. shadow box Compartmented container for kit of parts (lean manufacturing). shadow factor Multiplication factor derived from Sun’s declination, target latitude and time in determining object heights from reconnaissance picture shadows; also called tan alt. shadow factory Manufacturing plant built and owned by government but managed by selected industrial company to duplicate production of urgently required weapon or product. shadowgraph Technique, or photograph made by it, in which point-source light is focused parallel through tunnel working section and on to film; density gradients are visible as changed tonal values, proportional to second derivative of refractive index (Schlieren = first derivative). shadow-mask tube Three-colour TV tube with three guns projecting red/green/blue beams through mask with about 500,000 holes. shadow region Region where EM signals, eg radio or radar, are poorly received, usually because of LOS difficulties. shadow shading Aircraft camouflage (UK, 1936-39). shadow squadron Identity which a flying-training unit would assume in war or national emergency (RAF). Shaef Supreme HQ Allied Expeditionary Force (NW Europe 1944-45). Shaft Smart hard-target attack fuzing technology. shaft Transmitter of torque joining two rotating assem- blies, such as a turbine and compressor. In a 3-* engine the LP [fan] * passes down the engine centreline inside the IP *, which in turn is surrounded for part of its length by the HP *. shaft horsepower Horsepower measured at an engine output shaft, ignoring potentially useful energy in the efflux. Also called torque hp and brake hp. Numerically 2 π nQ where n is rpm and Q drive torque. shaft power Power available from rotating shaft, = torque × rpm. shaft speed Rate of rotation, rpm or rad s -1 . SFSO shaft speed 554 shaft turbine Turboshaft engine, gas turbine providing power at an output shaft, in some cases driven by free turbine. shaker See vibration generator. shake-table test Any of various standard test schedules for delicate items conducted on vibration generator to simulate vibration in service (according to USAF ‘during launch of missile or other vehicle’). shale fuel Aviation jet fuel, notably JP-4, derived from oil-bearing shales. shall Shipborne [or shipboard] helicopter approach and landing lighting. Shanicle Radio guidance system of hyperbolic type used on TM-61B cruise missile 1954: name from short-range navigation vehicle. shank Inner portion of some propeller blades where section is not aerofoil but circular. Shape Supreme HQ Allied Powers Europe (Int., B-7010 Belgium). shape Appearance of electronic (eg radar) signal pulse when plotted in form of amplitude against time. This shape is not related to electronic shaping. shaped-beam aerial One emitting beam whose main lobe is shaped by electronic phasing. shaped charge Hollow charge; warhead whose target- facing surface has form of re-entrant cone to generate armour-piercing jet. shaped-charge accelerator Propulsion system using a shaped-charge propellant, a near-explosive, to achieve highest possible speed of man-made object in atmosphere after prior acceleration by rockets. shaped sonic boom Wavefront tailored for rapid attenu- ation, so that it does not extend to Earth’s surface. shaper Machine tool having single unidirectional cutter with horizontal (occasionally vertical) reciprocating action. shaping Particular electronic meaning is tailoring shape of pulses or signal waveform, eg to assist manual command guidance of RPV or missile. SHAR, Shar Shriharikota Range (India). Sharc Swedish highly advanced research configuration (UAV). shared aerial One used by several receivers. Shares Shared airline reservations system (LA-based). Shark Silent hard-kill [effective against switched-off radars]. Sharp, SHARP 1 Standard hardware acquisition and reliability program, which has addressed all military elec- tronics packaging, including shift from DIN to NAC connector system (US). 2 Strapdown heading and attitude-reference platform. 3 Shared reconnaissance pod. 4 System-oriented high-range-resolution automatic target-recognition program (USAF). sharp-edged gust Gust characterized by high rate of change of vertical air velocity per unit horizontal distance at particular place, thus aircraft encounters full gust vertical velocity almost instantaneously. Shars Strapdown heading and attitude reference system. shaving Finishing machine-tool cut removing very small amount of metal; hence shave die, female die with cutting edges for finish-cutting cams etc. SHBL Solid hydrogen, boron lattice. SHC Synthesized hydrocarbons. shear Stress in which parallel planes of loaded material tend to slide past each other; hence also deliberate cutting action by cutting edges which slide past each other. shear centre Of a wing, axis about which wing deflects in torsion, also called flexural centre of elastic axis. shearing Cutting workpiece or material by shears without formation of chips. shear lag Structural stress diffusion in which lag of longitudinal displacement of one part of longitudinal section relative to another is result of shear applied parallel to length of structure. shear load Load (force) applied in shear, eg of engine pod on wing spar. shear modulus E s , modulus of rigidity, approximately half modulus of elasticity. shear neck Local reduction in diameter of a shaft to ensure that, in event of sudden increase in load [eg from something jamming gearteeth], failure will occur at this point. shear nut Thin nut used on bolt where load is entirely in shear, merely to retain bolt. shearout An interconnection [eg in powered flight control] designed to break if overloaded. shear plan Lofting plan of body, eg fuselage, flying-boat hull, showing half-sections as numerous transverse planes. shear rate Vertical wind gradient, often measured in kt per 1,000 feet. shear slide Free-sliding piston moved by pressurant along length of propellant tank to force liquid propellant into (usually rocket) engine. shear spinning Method of forming solid rocket case from preformed thick tubular billet by rolling against rotating mandrel, using two rollers 180° apart, normally performed at room temperature. shear strength Stress required to produce fracture in plane of cross-section by two opposed forces with small offset. shear stress Component of any stress lying in plane of area where stress is measured; for fluid, equal to τ , µ (see Newton’s laws). Existence of ** in fluid is evidence of viscosity. shear wave Wave in elastic medium causing any element of medium to change shape but not volume; in isotropic medium a transverse wave, mathematically one whose velocity field has zero divergence. sheath 1 Metal tip, and often leading edge, to soft-blade propeller; also called tipping. 2 Envelope of plasma surrounding re-entry body. sheathing See sheath (1). SHEB Solid hydrogen, embedded boron. shed Traditional term for shelter (hangar) for aerostats, esp. airship. shedding Action for removal of ice from aircraft in flight, rain from windshield (windscreen) and non-vapor- ised material separated from ablating surface on re-entry. sheep dipping Process whereby CIA pilots were given fully documented false professional backgrounds. sheer lines Outlines of vertical sections of fuselage [or, especially, hull or float] parallel to longitudinal axis. sheet Standard form of raw material; in case of metal, du –– dy shaft turbine sheet 555 uniform sheet not over ⅛ in (0.125 in, 3.175 mm) thick; thicker metal = plate. sheet moulding compound 2-D fibre-reinforced plastics not needing complex laying-up procedure. Shelf Super-hard, extremely low frequency; military communications system. shelf 1 Figurative location where items are stored before use; thus * life, published maximum period during which item will not deteriorate in suitable storage; off-the-*, standard commercial product already available. 2 Spanwise strip[s] hinged to leading edge of movable surface and to trailing edge of fixed structure [eg elevator/tailplane]; see compound *. 3 Longitudinal beams outboard of fighter engine[s] carrying tailplanes. shell 1 Bare monocoque structure, eg fuselage or nacelle; shade of meaning includes thin-skinned and deformable, thus engine carcase excluded. Some definitions state ‘curved’. 2 Ordnance projectile launched from gun or other tube, with or without own propulsion, and containing explo- sive, incendiary or other active filling; calibre normally greater than 20 mm. Word also applicable to AP projec- tiles of such calibres. 3 Supposed hollow spheres at different radii from atomic nucleus occupied by electrons, 2 in innermost *, 8 in next, 18 in next etc, all electrons in each * sharing similar energy level. shellac Naturally derived resinous varnish. shell curve Plot of control effectiveness [X-axis] against control damping [Y]. Shelldyne Family of related synthetic fuels developed by Shell for USAF expendable turbojets, mainly character- ized by high energy per unit volume. shelter 1 Unhardened (generally recessed or under- ground) accommodation for civilians faced with air attack, in some cases attempting to offer some protection against nuclear attack (fallout *). 2 Unhardened reinforced-concrete structure accommo- dating (usually single) combat aircraft at dispersal and offering protection against conventional attack, eg Tab- Vee. shelter marshal Officer in charge of security and move- ments within HAS, HPS or PBF. Sheradizing Anti-corrosion treatment similar to case hardening but employing Zn dust. Sheridan tool Family of large stretch-presses often able to apply double curvature to thick plate. SHF Support helicopter force. s.h.f., SHF Super-high frequency (see Appendix 2). SHFE 1 Sustained hypersonic flight experiment (UK). 2 Small heavy-fuel engine. SHFT Shift. SHGR Hail shower. SHGS Small hail or snow pellets. SHI Standby horizon indicator. Shi Experimental number, with numerical prefix for year of Emperor’s reign; thus 16-* = 1941 (Japanese Navy, 1931-45). shield See shielding (1). shielded bearing Ball/roller/needle race with metal ring on each side to reduce ingress of dirt. shielded cable See screened. shielded configuration Aircraft deliberately designed so that parts of major structure, eg wing, are often interposed between sources (of noise or IR radiation) and ground observers or defences. shielding 1 Material of suitable thickness and physical characteristics used to protect personnel from radiation during manufacture, handling and transport of radio- active and fissionable materials (DoD, NATO). 2 Obstructions which tend to protect personnel or materials from effects of NW (DoD). 3 Design philosophy of installing crucial parts of primary structure, whether damage-tolerant or otherwise, as far as possible behind others or in some other way geometrically protected from in-service damage. 4 See screen (4) (US usage). shift 1 Ability to move origin of radar P-type display away from centre of display; limit of * usually to periphery. 2 See fuel *. shim Thin spacer, from piece of paper (usually unac- ceptable) to large precision part tailored to specific application, to fill gap or adjust separation between parts; examples, to obtain exact rig (1) neutral and full-deflection settings of powered flight control surface, and to adjust separation of two ends of recirculating ball screwjack so that when bolted together balls have no play and no friction. shim, shimming To remove small amount of material to improve fit between mating surfaces [opposite of previous]. shimless assembly Maintenance of such manufacturing accuracy as to eliminate need for shims [objective in V-22 programme]. shimmy Rapid lateral angular oscillation of a trailing castoring wheel running over surface where coefficient of friction exceeds critical value, cured by twin-tread tyre or proper design of landing gear; usually affects unsteered nosewheel or tailwheel (or supermarket trolley). shimmy damper Add-on damper, usually with pneumatic/hydraulic dashpot, resistant to rapid variation of castor angle. shingles Refractory skin panels able to oversail each other at the edges as they expand [eg on Earth re-entry]. shingling When the clapper of a fan blade overrides its neighbour. shiny switch Cockpit button, or switch in constant use (colloq.). Ship Software/hardware implemented partitioning. ship Aeroplane (US, colloq., suggest archaic). shipboard aircraft Aircraft designed to operate from surface vessel or submarine, including marine aircraft and rotorcraft (eg rotor-kite). Some definitions equate term with land aeroplane based on carrier. shipborne aircraft landing system Tracks helicopter from ship, and cockpit display guides pilot in radio silence. shipment Complete consignment of hardware (probably not conveyed by ship), eg from manufacturer to operator or logistic base to user unit. ship-plane Imprecise; most definitions restrict term to land aeroplane for operation from deck of carrier but USN includes catapulted seaplanes formerly used from surface warships. ship-set Complete inventory of particular items for one aircraft. shirtsleeve environment Popular and often true descrip- sheet moulding compound shirtsleeve environment 556 tion of desired environment in high-flying aircraft and spacecraft in which human performance is improved if special clothing does not have to be worn. SHK Space hit-to-kill (NMD). SHLD Shaped-hole laser drilling. SHLW Shallow. SHM Simple harmonic motion. SHNKUK Roman initials of Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies. SHNMO Shape host-nation management office (NATO). shoals Scanning hydrographic operational airborne lidar survey. Shoc Standoff high-speed option [or operation] for counterproliferation. shock 1 Shockwave. 2 Single large-energy pressure wave (see shock front (2)). 3 Often used to mean impact, single large externally applied impulse causing acceleration. shock-absorber Device for dissipating energy by resisting vertical movements between landing gear (wheels or floats) and aircraft when running across surface, usually with unidirectional quality to reduce rebound and bounce (see oleo); other methods include simple steel or composite leaf springs, steel ring springs, rubber blocks in compression and bungee in tension. shock body Streamlined volume added (eg on rear of wing) to improve area-rule distribution; also called Whitcomb body, Küchemann carrot, speed bump, etc. shock cloud Localized cloud caused by violent changes in flow conditions in close proximity to supersonic aircraft, notably in Prandtl-Meyer expansions, eg over wing and canopy. shock compression Fluid flow compression occurring virtually instantaneously in passage through shockwave; for normal shock, ratio of pressures p 1 /p 2 = 7M 2 /6-1/6 where M is initial Mach. shock cord See bungee. shock diamonds Approximately diamond-shaped reflec- tions, brilliantly luminous in hot jet (eg from rocket or afterburner), caused by reflection of internal inclined shocks from edge of jet at boundary with atmosphere. shock drag That drag associated with a shockwave (which always causes loss in total or static pressure), normally varying as fourth power of velocity or pressure amplitude. shock excitation Generation of oscillations in circuit at natural frequency by external pulses, eg for sawtooth generation. shock expulsion Faulty operating condition of inlet to supersonic airbreathing engine in which, for various reasons, gross flow breakdown occurs and inlet shock system is expelled forwards; accompanying large and possibly dangerous increase in drag. Often used synony- mously with inlet unstart. shock front 1 See shockwave. 2 Boundary between pressure disturbance created by explosion (in air, water or earth) and ambient surrounding medium. shock isolator Device, usually mechanical and assem- bled from solid parts such as deformable rubbers/plastics or metal deflecting well within elastic limit, which absorbs input movements (eg to accommodate input vibration while keeping output still) or cushions large impacts (by permitting output to travel over a distance which absorbs energy within permitted limits of acceleration). Thus, some absorb vibration, usually of small amplitude, while others absorb shock, which in case of ICBM suspended in silo may require travel in order of 1 m. shock mount Shock isolator on which delicate object is mounted. shock softening Reduction of linear rate of pressure rise through shockwave, esp. in proximity to subsonic boundary layer; ie increase in thickness of shock (1) from about 10 -3 mm by several orders of magnitude. shock spectrum Plot of peak amplitude of response of single-degree-of-freedom system to various single applied shocks (3). shock stall Gross breakdown of flow behind shockwave on wing (esp. one of large t/c ratio or for any other reason causing large airflow acceleration) at about critical Mach number, causing symptoms of loss of lift and turbulent wake resembling stall, but at normal AOA. shock strut Main energy-absorbing member of landing gear; may or may not be main structural member but (unlike shock absorber) is always part of structure. shock tube Wind tunnel for hypersonic studies in which fluid at high pressures, usually involving rapid com- bustion to increase energy, is released by rupturing diaphragm and accelerates through evacuated working section containing model. Many varieties, most having stoichiometric gas mixture as driver and large-expansion- ratio (over 200) supersonic nozzle upstream of working section, giving M up to 30 and T around 18,000° K. shockwave 1 Surface of discontinuity between free- stream fluid and that affected by body moving at relative velocity greater than speed of sound in surrounding fluid. As fluid accelerates round body, if it eventually reaches local Mach 1 a weak shock forms perpendicular to flow, called a normal shock. Pressure difference (p 1 -p 0 )/p 0 is zero and flow downstream is subsonic. As M increases, shock leans back, becoming an inclined shock, at angle α = sin -1 1/M, while pressure ratio and velocity of propa- gation V 0 increase according to M and angle of deflection, a property of geometry of body; for 15° deflection (ie wedge or cone of 15° semi-angle) at Mach 3 static and (p 1 -p 0 )/p 0 and V 0 /a 0 = 2.1, ie * moves at twice speed of sound. 2 Continuously propagated pressure pulse formed by blast from explosion in air by air blast, underwater by water blast and underground by earth blast (DoD, NATO). Shodop Short-range Doppler. shoe Detachable interface between pylon or hardpoint and store, often specific to latter. SHOL Ship/helicopter operational limit. shoot bolt Linear bolt type of panel latch. shooter Aircraft detailed to attack a target, as distinct from one whose task is to mark or designate. shooting the breeze Engaging in casual shoptalk (US). shoot up 1 To attack a surface target with gunfire. 2 To simulate this at an airshow. shop head End of rivet upset when rivet is used. shop visit Removal of item from aircraft for repair or other attention in specially equipped workshop, usually of customer. shop-visit rate Frequency, measured on occasions per SHK shop-visit rate 557 unit of flight-time [eg, per 10 5 h] with which particular item [eg, engine] is removed from aircraft for repair or overhaul; often a global fleet average. Shorad Short-range air-defense; S adds system (USA). Shoran From short-range navigation, precision radio navaid based on timing pulsed transmissions from two or more fixed stations; in conjunction with suitable computer used for blind bombing. shore Strut supporting airship during manufacture. shoreline Line drawn straight across all inlets less than 55.6 km (30 nm) wide (ICAO). short-distance navaid One usable within 320 km/200 miles (NATO). short field Limiting field or runway demanding special takeoff procedure. short finals 1 Last part of approach, usually defined as that commencing at inner marker. 2 Radio call made from aircraft 2 n.m. (3,706 m) from threshold, or on final approach from shortened circuit. short-haul Several definitions, eg maximum-payload range (knee of graph) 1,609 km (1,000 statute miles) or less; see also short-range transport. short hundredweight US unit of mass = 100 lb = 45.3592 kg. short-life engine One designed for single flight or any other purpose not requiring prolonged use, and normally qualified for running time of 50 h. short lift Use of STO to enable powered-lift aircraft to carry enhanced payload. short-lift rating Thrust rating permitted for [usually] 15 s for VTO or VL. short period In assessment of factors such as lateral- control damping of fighters, usually means ȅ1.5 s. short-range attack missile ASM launched at range not exposing launch aircraft to terminal defences (USAF). short-range ballistic missile Up to about 600 nm (1,112 km, 691 miles) (DoD). short-range clearance Authorizes IFR departure to proceed to a fix short of destination pending further clear- ance. short-range Doppler Trajectory measurement using Dovap plus Elsse. short-range transport Range at normal cruising con- ditions not to exceed 1,200 nm (2,224 km, 1,382 miles). short round 1 Round of ammunition deficient in length (DoD ‘in which projectile has been seated too deeply’), causing stoppage. 2 Ordnance delivered on friendly troops. short stacks Briefest form of piston engine exhaust for cowled engine. short takeoff and landing, STOL Usually defined as able to take off or land over 50 ft screen (note, not 35 ft) within total distance of 1,500 ft (457 m). short ton US ton of 2,000 lb, = 907.185 kg. short trail Towing position for sleeve (presumably other forms) of target in which target is immediately astern of towing aircraft. short wave 1 Not defined and rare in aerospace: traditional radio meaning is decametric (10-100 m) corresponding to 30-3 MHz; FAA meaning is frequencies 7.7-2.8 MHz; scientific is 0.4-1 µ wavelengths. 2 In spectrometry, band 2.5-45 µ . shot 1 Commercial lead * for shotguns, normally used as cheap variable mass. 2 Tailored hardened steel balls of graded sizes. 3 Solid-projectile ammunition, eg for air-firing practice or AP type. 4 Report indicating a gun has been fired (DoD). 5 Single flight of unguided ballistic rocket, eg probe. shotgun wind Appearing to come from all points of the compass. shot-peening Bombarding metal surface with air- propelled shot (2), usually to harden and relieve internal stress. shoulder 1 Area immediately beyond edge of pavement, such as a runway or parking apron, so prepared as to provide transition between pavement and adjacent surface. 2 See * season. shoulder bolt Thread of smaller diameter than shank; for attaching plastics parts where over-tightening must be avoided. shoulder cowl Usually means cowling panel(s) hinged upwards near top of sides. shoulder fare That charged for period between standard and off-peak. shoulder harness Seat harness including straps passing over shoulders to prevent body jack-knifing forward. shoulder pylon Auxiliary pylons [usually for AIM-9 or similar missiles] on sides of main pylon for tank or other heavy store. shoulder season Intermediate demand between low and peak, or intermediate time of day, in determining passenger fare structure. shoulder wing Wing attached between mid and high positions. Original German Schulterdecker implied wing depth more than half that of fuselage, with blended wing/body junction. show Preplanned air operation, especially over hostile territory (RAF, WW2, colloq.). shower(s) Precipitation from convective cloud charac- terized by sudden onset, rapid variation in intensity and sudden stop, with intervening periods of part-clear sky. showerhead Liquid-propellant rocket injector in which numerous fuel and oxidant sprays are distributed (with various forms of impingement) over flat or curved surface. show finish Glass-like finish (on homebuilts, usually) achieved by repeated doping and rubbing down. shp, s.h.p. Shaft horsepower [sometimes written SHP]. SHR 1 Shear (weather). 2 Superheterodyne receiver. SHRA Heavy rain showers. shrimpboat Small marker of clear plastic on which controller writes flight identity, FL and other infor- mation, subsequently moved by hand to remain adjacent to blip on display. shrinkage Natural reduction in dimensions of most cast- ings on cooling (see shrink rule). shrink fit Force for interference fit between two metal parts obtained by heating outer, cooling inner, or both. shrink rule Casting mould made ҂0.010 (linear) oversize to allow for shrinkage. shroud 1 Plate formed integrally with gas-turbine fan, compressor or turbine blade usually in plane perpendic- ular to blade major axis. In fan and upstream compressor blades usually as part-span, * being formed in halves on each side of blade and mating with those adjacent to damp Shorad shroud 558 vibration. In turbine rotor invariably on tip, serving as ring minimizing gas leakage around periphery. 2 Circular duct surrounding propeller or propulsive fan. 3 Heat-resistant aerodynamic fairing over space payload or any forward-facing projection on space launch vehicle, ICBM or other hypersonic vehicle. 4 Extensions of fixed surface of aerofoil (eg wing, tailplane) projecting behind hinge line of movable surface (eg flap, aileron) to reduce drag or improve flight control. 5 Main upper hinged flap at rear of augmentor CCW wing, downstream of intake; can have trailing tab. 6 Covering plate on face of centrifugal impeller enclosing flow passages and preventing leakage. shroud coolant Refrigerant cooling volume in which cryogenic cooling takes place, eg LH 2 serves as ** surrounding liquefaction of helium. shrouded balance Leading edge of control surface enclosed within trailing edge of fixed structure. shrouded blade Blade fitted with shroud (1). shrouded impeller Centrifugal impeller, eg of super- charger, enclosed by shroud (2). shrouded insulator Radio aerial insulator (eg HF wire) fitted with overlying shroud (normal meaning of word) to prevent ice connection to metal structure. shroud lines Main suspension cords of parachute connecting load to canopy. SHRS Stabilized horizon-reference system. SHS Since hot section (inspection flight hours). SHSS Short-haul system simulation. Shud, S-HUD Smart HUD. shunt connection Bypass circuit, usually taking most of current. shunt excitation Feeding mast radiator (aerial) about 0.25 of way up, earthed at base. Shup Silo-hardness upgrade program (USAF). shutdown 1 For rocket engine, cut-off. 2 For conventional aircraft-propulsion engine, reducing power to zero and rendering inactive, eg by turning off HP cocks. If in flight becomes IFSD. Normally follows obvious or signalled failure. 3 Event in which (2) occurs. shuttered fuze Inadvertent initiation of detonator will not initiate booster or burst charge. shuttle 1 Generalized term for reusable space launch vehicle recovered by aeroplane-type flight. 2 High-frequency trunk-route service characterized by no-reservations, payment on board and, in some cases, aircraft always boarding, and departing if full before announced time. 3 Sliding drive member of flight-deck accelerator (catapult). shuttle bombing Use of two bases, aircraft making one- way bombing missions between them. shuttle valve Fluid-flow valve of bistable type which passes flow from one line and isolates other or vice versa. SHWR Shower. SHYFE, Shyfe Sustained hypersonic flight experiment (UK). SI 1 Système International d’Unités; standardized system of units adopted (but not yet fully implemented) by all industrialized nations. 2 Servicing instruction. 3 Straight-in (approach). 4 Spark-ignited, or ignition. 5 Single [or spark]. 6 Standby instrument[s]. 7 Supporting interrogator. 8 Surveillance [and] intelligence. 9 Suomen Ilmaluliitto, aeronautical association (Finland). 10 Selective interrogator. Si 1 Silicon. 2 On an oil analysis = dirt, foreign matter. Si 3 N 4 Silicon nitride. SIA 1 Structural-integrity audit. 2 Service de l’Information Aéronautique (F). 3 Semiconductor Industry Association (US). SIAE Salons Internationaux de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace (F). SIAG Salons Internationaux de l’Aviation Générale (F). Sialon Silicon-aluminium-oxinitride. Siam Self-initiated anti-aircraft missile; carries out IFF interrogation and handles subsequent interception auto- matically. siamese To join two similar items into single paired unit or to bifurcate duct into two equal parts; hence siamesed, adj. SIAP Systems integration and assurance phase, of procurement process (UK). Siap[s] Straight-in approach procedure[s]. SIAR Service de Surveillance Industrielle de l’Armement (F). SIAT Service instructor aircrew training. SIB 1 Special Investigation Branch (UK). 2 Service Information Bulletin. 3 Subject indicator box [message sent by signal]. sibilant filter One removing hissing frequencies from speech on R/T. SIC 1 Steady initial climb, ie V 4 . 2 Standards Information Center (NBS). 3 Service instruction circular. 4 Second in command. SiC Silicon carbide. Sicas SSR improvements and collision-avoidance system [P adds panel]. SICBM Small ICBM. SICM Small intercontinental missile. SID 1 Standard instrument departure. 2 System integration demonstration. 3 Spray-impingement drag (marine aircraft). 4 Supplemental inspection document. 5 Switch-in deflector. 6 Situation information display. 7 Sensor-image display. Sidcot One-piece flying suit with numerous pockets and zips and high fur collar, widely used from 1929 including by RAF (from designer Sidney Cotton). SIDE Suprathermal ion detector experiment. side-arm controller Primary flight-control input in form of miniature control column at side of cockpit (of combat aircraft) on console incorporating armrest to facilitate accurate flight under conditions of large applied acceleration. sideband Band of frequencies produced above and below carrier frequency by modulation; sum and differ- ence products are called upper * and lower *. shroud coolant sideband 559 side-by-side 1 Two-seat aircraft in which seats are in same transverse plane at same level. 2 Piston engine in which connecting rods are both same, with big ends side-by-side on crankpin (thus, cylinders of opposed banks are not quite in line); constructional form of most modern light aircraft engines. side car, sidecar 1 Airship car suspended away from centreline plane. 2 A parallel emitter, notably an LWIR boresighted alongside a laser. side direction Normal to plane of symmetry. side elevation Portrayed as seen from side, in case of drawing as seen from infinite distance, ie orthographi- cally. side fence[s] Fences above wing and/or flap of USB aircraft to restrain lateral spread of main engine jet. side float Usually means sponson. side force Force acting normal to plane of symmetry. side-force control Aircraft flight-control system capable of exerting lateral [transverse] force, normally by vertical surfaces in front of as well as behind c.g. Aircraft with ** can almost instantly change track by flying diagonally, without need to roll or change fuselage axis; make imme- diate lateral corrections to line of fire of fixed gun; move laterally out of hostile gunfire without prior roll. side-force surface One designed to generate transverse force acting almost through c.g., as on NASA TIFS C-131. side frequencies Carrier plus or minus audio frequency. sideline noise Measured beside takeoff run at distance from centreline of 450 m (ICAO Annex 16) or 0.35 nm (FAR 36 CAN 5, 4-engined aircraft) or 0.25 nm (2-, 3-engined). See noise. sidelobe Lobes of aerial radiation propagated at angle to main lobe, normally unwanted and cause of clutter or false returns, eg obscuring actual location of sender. sidelobe clutter Echoes caused by intersection of radar sidelobes with the ground. sidelobe suppression Various techniques for eliminating not presence of sidelobes but their effects. side-looking Scanning to either side of aircraft track; hence SLAR, radar whose output is detailed picture of terrain near track, either all on one side or equally on both sides, depending on aerial arrangement. side marker board Display beside airport gate arranged for nose-in parking giving indicator marks, usually vertical white bars on black board; when aligned with captain’s left shoulder, airbridge is aligned with passenger door. Sident Site identification. side number Bold three-digit Modex number (US Navy). side oblique Photograph taken with camera oblique and perpendicular to longitudinal axis of aircraft. sidereal Pertaining to stars, but see following entries. Rhymes with material. sidereal day Time for one rotation of Earth as defined by period between successive transits of vernal equinox (in ASCC wording, alternative name, First Point of Aries) over upper branch of any chosen meridian, equal to 24 h of mean sidereal time or 23 h 56 min 4.09054 s of mean solar time. sidereal hour angle Angular distance west of vernal equinox; arc of celestial equator or angle at celestial pole between vernal equinox and hour circle of observer (see right ascension). sidereal month Average period of revolution of Moon with respect to stars: 27 days 7 h 43 min 11.5 s. sidereal period 1 Time taken by planet to complete revolution around primary as seen from primary and referred to fixed stars. 2 Interval between two successive returns of Earth satellite to same geocentric right ascension. sidereal time Time measured from rotation of Earth related to vernal equinox, called local time or Greenwich time depending on choice of meridian; when adjusted for nutation inaccuracy called mean time. sidereal year Period of Earth’s rotation around Sun, related to stars; in 2002 equal to 365 days 6 h 9 min 9.55454 s and increasing at about 0.000095 s per year (see tropical year). sideslip Flight manoeuvre in which controls are deliber- ately crossed, eg to * to left aeroplane is banked to left while right rudder is applied; result is not much change in track but flight path inclined downwards, ie steady loss of height without significant change in airspeed and with longitudinal axis markedly displaced from flightpath. Angle of * is angle between plane of symmetry and direc- tion of motion (flightpath, or relative wind). Rate of * is component of velocity along lateral axis. sidestep Following an instrument approach, clearance to land on a parallel runway not more than 1,200 ft away laterally. sidestick Small control column on cockpit side panel, usually on R, often sensing input force with almost no noticeable movement. sidetone Reproduction of sound in a speaker or headset from speaker’s own transmitter, thus hearing own voice. sidewalk Chordwise walkway above wing root. sidetracking skate See skate. sidewall treatment Addition of sound-absorbent material along sides of passenger cabin. sidewash Sideways deflection of free stream behind wing in sideslip or yawed flight, dominated at tail by vortex flow. sideways translational tendency Characteristic of single- rotor helicopter to drift to L or R under thrust of anti-torque tail rotor, unless main rotor tip-path plane is tilted in opposition to neutralize this thrust. SIDs Standard instrument departures; SIDS, standard instrument departure system. SIE Self-initiated elmination, = dropout. siemens Not Siemens, SI unit of conductance, reciprocal of ohm, S = 1 ȋ Ω; also SI unit of admittance and susceptance. SIERE Syndicat des Industries Electroniques de Reproduction et d’Enregistrement (F). Sierra Prefix, supersonic (esp. SST) airway (ICAO). Sierracote Family of patented glass and/or acrylic trans- parencies which may include anti-icing heating by transparent film. SIF 1 Selective identification facility (or feature). 2 Standard interchange format. 3 Spares investment forecast. 4 System interrogation facility. Sifbronze British alloys of copper, silicon and zinc for low-temperature gas welding. SIFF Successor IFF. side-by-side SIFF 560 [...]... through the origin (displacement zero) with peak velocity, rising to maximum displacement where velocity passes through zero and reverses, returning through the origin to describe a precise mirror-image terminating at the start of the next cycle The sum of positive and negative displacements [peaks plus troughs] is called the amplitude, the time between successive passes through the same point in the cycle... in own airspace (UK civilian usage, WW2; hence spotter, spotting) 6 Code, spot wind spot annealing Annealing local area of hard steel, eg to drill and tap fixing hole spot beam Electromagnetic beam made as parallel as possible to maximize power at great distance spot elevation See spot height (US usage) spot facing Local surface-machining round hole or other point, to improve surface finish, adjust dimensions... for bolt head spot fuel Uplifted and paid for on the spot, as distinct from part of ongoing contract spot height Height of point, esp mountain peak or other high point, marked on map or chart spot hover Helicopter training manoeuvre in which machine is hovered at low level over point, turning through four successive headings 90 apart spot jamming Jamming of specific frequency or channel spot landing Aeroplane... on to spot (2); form of accuracy landing spotlight A DBS radar operating mode using very narrow beam with highest possible resolution, steered to dwell on targets of high interest so that numerous echoes can be integrated spot net Com net used for spot (4) information spot report Sent from attack or reconnaissance aircraft stating passage overhead specific target spot size Diameter of spot (3) spotter... aircraft in which flight performance dominates other qualities SPOT 1 Spot wind (ICAO) 2 Speed, position, track spot 1 To form up aircraft in close ranks on carrier deck ready for free or catapult takeoffs 2 Designated place on airfield where landing is to be made 585 spot annealing 3 Bright region where electrons strike fluorescent tube face in CRT and many other displays or image converters 4 To determine,... positive and negative displacements [peaks plus troughs] is called the amplitude, the time between successive passes through the same point in the cycle the period, and the reciprocal of the period [or number of cycles per unit time] the frequency simple stress Either pure tension, pure compression or pure shear simplex 1 With no provision for redundancy 2 Communication on a single channel which is unidirectional... lubricating oil by oxidation, water contamination and other reactions sludge chamber Cavity, tube or other region in crankshaft web or crankpin, supercharger drive gear or other rotary component in which sludge is deliberately trapped by centrifugal force SLUFAE Surface-launched unit fuel/air explosive slug 1 Non-SI (UK only) unit of mass = g lbf =14. 593 9 kg 2 Pre-rivet forming feedstock for Drivmatic or... slightly to 1,200C, good thermal shock resistance becauase of small thermal expansion, and resists many forms of chemical attack silk Parachute (colloq.), hence hit the *, take to the * SILL Strategic illuminator laser SilMU Silicon micro-machined electromechanical system inertial measurement unit silo Missile shelter that consists of hardened vertical hole in ground with facilities either for lifting missile... remain at work throughout air raids (UK civilian usage, WW2) spotting Act of arranging aircraft on flight deck (see spot [1]) spotting factor Ease with which particular aircraft type can be spot (1) positioned on deck; not quantified but takes into account overall folded dimensions and turn radius and possibly stability and laden weight spot weld Local, usually circular, weld quickly made by electrical... propellant solid nose Term to distinguish aircraft nose with metal skin or radome from others of same aircraft type which are glazed (colloq.) solid propellant Rocket propellant containing all ingredients for propulsive jet in solid form, either in cast, extruded or otherwise prepared grain or in granular, powder, multiple-rod or other form Some definitions questionably exclude non-monolithic forms solids In . terminating at the start of the next cycle. The sum of positive and negative displacements [peaks plus troughs] is called the amplitude, the time between successive passes through the same point in the cycle. with pneumatic/hydraulic dashpot, resistant to rapid variation of castor angle. shingles Refractory skin panels able to oversail each other at the edges as they expand [eg on Earth re-entry]. shingling When the clapper. passes through the same point in the cycle the period, and the reciprocal of the period [or number of cycles per unit time] the frequency. simple stress Either pure tension, pure compression or pure