Handbook Fractography (1998) WW Part 11 pptx

[...]... a coal-gasification pilot plant to remove entrained ash and char particles from the raw-product gas stream Failure occurred after being in service for 8 h at 540 °C (1000 °F) in contact with a gas stream having the following composition (in vol%): 30% H2O, 12.6% H2, 0.43% Ar + O2, 35.2% N2, 8.4% CO, 11. 7% CO2, 1.0% CH4, and 0.105% H2S Particulate matter in contact with the tube contained 32 to 34 wt%... 655: Section through tube wall, outside diameter at top Outer third of tube thickness is almost completely transformed to mixed (Cr,Fe)23C6 and (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbides Balance of thickness has partially transformed, particularly in the vicinity of pores Carbon content of the bulk material was 0.22 wt%, compared with the 0.03 wt% max specified for type 316L Carbon content at the outside diameter was 1.40... Nolan, Westinghouse Hanford Company) Ferritic iron-aluminum alloys have been proposed as substitutes for conventional chromium-bearing stainless steels, particularly the austenitic 300 series alloys with 15 to 28% Cr Interest in these materials stems in large part from a desire to reduce U.S dependence on imports of the strategic ... formed by slip bands SEM, 187× Fig 665: Higher-magnification view of area on lateral surface of plate Note microcracking at slip bands and the crack being formed at a grain-boundary triple point SEM, 116 0× Fig 666: Fatigue crack formed on lateral surface of plate Growth is along slip planes SEM, 983× Fig 667: Area on lateral plate surface near fracture origin Features include slip-band cracking and... in a type 316 sample 600× Fig 690: Creep failure due to wedge cracking at triple points produces a rough fracture surface with identifiable grain-boundary precipitates For example, carbides and σ-phase particles are found on the fracture surface of this type 316 stainless steel TEM replica, 10,000× Fig 691: Rounded-type voids in type 316L weld metal Sample failed in creep at high temperature 100× (I...Effect of inclusions on FCP in ASTM A533B The conventionally melted electric furnace steel was water quenched from 900 °C (1650 °F), tempered at 670 °C (1240 °F), air cooled, stress relieved at 595 °C (110 0 °F), and then furnace cooled FCP specimen tested in the through-thickness (S-T, S-L) orientations Direction of fatigue crack propagation is toward the top Fig 588: Fracture surface of SL oriented . overpressurization of ASTM A508, class 2, pressure vessel. The intermediate test vessel (ITV) was fabricated as part of the Heavy Section Steel Technology (HSST) program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a government-sponsored. quenched from 900 °C (1650 °F), tempered at 670 °C (1240 °F), air cooled, stress relieved at 595 °C (110 0 °F), and then furnace cooled. FCP specimen tested in the through-thickness (S-T, S-L) orientations.