DIABETIC NEUROPATHY: CLINICAL MANAGEMENT - PART 1 pdf

[...]... Diabetes duration, 10 year increase Glycosylated hemoglobin (1% increase) HDL cholesterol (0 .13 mM) decrease Current smoking Any macrovascular disease Diabetes duration 2.2 (1. 2–4 .1) 1. 3 (1 1. 6) 34% 30% type 1 diabetes, 38% type 2 diabetes 11 10 84 DM 14 % 12 10 77 (20% type 1 diabetes, 80% type 2 diabetes) 17 % 1. 3 (1 1. 8) 2.7 (1. 4–5.2) 1. 2 (1. 1 1. 2) 1. 4 (1. 2 1. 7) 1. 2 (1. 1 1. 3) 2.2 (1. 3–3.8) 2.3 (1 5.4) Not reported... pressure fall Type 1 diabetes – Height (1 cm 1. 06 (1 1. 13) increase) Retinopathy 9 (7.7 10 .3) Type 2 diabetes Height (1 cm 1. 06 (1. 03 1. 08) increase) (Continued) The Epidemiology of Diabetic Neuropathy 11 Table 1 (Continued) Reference Subjects Significant risk factors Prevalence Odds ratio (95% CI) 375 DM (78% type 1 diabetes) 14 13 7 type 2 diabetes, 13 9 nondiabetic controls 24 51 non-DM, 419 DM 15 aNot a 53–63%,... 53–63%, depending on the test 13 .3% non-DM, 28.5% DM 1. 02 (1 1. 05) 1. 03 (1 1. 05) Age Diabetes duration Type 2 diabetes Height Not reported Not reported Not reported – Not reported – Age Not reported Ethnicity Diabetes 13 Age (1 year increase) Alcohol “units”per week (1 unit increase) HbA1c (1% increase) Retinopathy Type 1 diabetes Not reported Not reported 1. 2 (1. 1 1. 4) 2 .1 (1. 7–2.6) – reported, because... 95%CI): height, 2.5 cm increase 1. 2 (1. 1 1. 4); previous foot ulcer 2 .1 (1 4 .1) ; age, 1 year increase 1. 04 (1 1. 08); glycohemoglobin, 1% increase 1. 2 (1 1. 3); CAGE alcohol score (23), four questions answered positively vs none 7 (1. 7–29); current smoking 0.2 (0 .1 0.7); and serum albumin level adjusted for serum creatinine, 1 mg per dL increase 0.3 (0 .1 0.8) The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study (24)... the risk factors for incident diabetic neuropathy were duration of diabetes in years (Odds ratio [OR] 1. 25, 95% CI 1. 03 1. 51) , current glycosylated hemoglobin per % of hemoglobin (OR 1. 64, 95% CI 1. 33–2.03), change in glycosylated hemoglobin value during follow-up period (OR 1. 44, 95% CI 1. 17 1. 77), body-mass index (OR 1. 20, 95% CI 1. 01 1. 43), and smoking (OR 1. 68, 95% CI 1. 20–2.36) The presence of cardiovascular... Brit M J 19 55;2 :12 87 30 Garland H Neurological Complications of diabetes mellitus: Clinical aspects Proc R Soc Med 19 60;53 :13 7 31 Steiness I Diabetic neuropathy Vibration sense and abnormal tendon reflexes in diabetics Acta Med Scand 19 63;394 :1 91 32 Downie AW, Newell DJ Sensory nerve conduction in patients with diabetes mellitus and controls Neurology 19 61; 11: 876–882 33 Fagerberg S-E Diabetic neuropathy:. .. des Rückenmarkes Otto Wigand, Leipzig, 18 84, pp 16 9 17 1 14 Bouchard C Sur la perte des reflexes tendineux dans le diabète sucré Progrès méd 18 84 ;12 : 819 15 Ross J, Bury J On peripheral neuritis A treatise Charles Griffin Ltd., London, 18 93, pp 3 61 372 16 Pavy FW Introductory address to the discussion on the clinical aspects of glycosuria Lancet 18 85;2 :10 85 10 87 17 Pavy FW Physiology of the Carbohydrates;... Calcutt Diabetic Encephalopathy 18 7 Geert Jan Biessels Microangiopathy, Diabetes, and the Peripheral Nervous System 207 Douglas W Zochodne Pathogenesis of Human Diabetic Neuropathy 2 31 Rayaz Ahmed Malik and Aristides Veves 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Clinical Features of Diabetic Polyneuropathy 243 Solomon Tesfaye ix x Contents 15 Micro- and Macrovascular Disease in Diabetic. .. Int Med 19 36;57:307 26 Broch OJ, Kl´ vstad O Polyneuritis in diabetes mellitus Acta Med Scandinav 19 47 ;12 7: 514 ø 27 Rundles RW Diabetic neuropathy: General review with report of 12 5 cases Medicine, Baltimore, MD 19 45;24 :11 1 16 0 28 Root HF The nervous system and diabetes, in The treatment of diabetes mellitus, 10 ed (Joslin EP, ed.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA, 19 59, 483p 29 Garland H Diabetic. .. cholesterol, lipid, and lipoprotein levels 10 Wheeler et al Table 1 Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy: Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors From Cross-Sectional Research Studies Reference 3 Subjects Significant risk factors Odds ratio (95% CI) 6 10 363 type 1 diabetes 2405 DM, 20,037 non-DM 54% 45% 27% Not reported – Age (5 year increase) – – 1. 2 (1 1. 4) 11 % 4% 4 10 0 type 1 diabetes, 259 type 2 diabetes 277 . Transactional Reporting Service is: [97 8 -1 -5 882 9-6 2 6-9 /07 $30.00]. Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 e-ISBN 97 8 -1 -5 974 5-3 1 1-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007932486 To. numbers: Tel.: 97 3-2 5 6 -1 699; Fax: 97 3-2 5 6-8 3 41, E-mail: orders@humanapr.com; or visit our Website: www.humanapress.com This publication is printed on acid-free paper. ∞ ANSI Z39.4 8 -1 984 (American. Neuropathy 15 3 Phillip A. Low 10 Spinal Cord: Structure and Function in Diabetes 16 5 Andrew P. Mizisin, Corinne G. Jolivalt, and Nigel A. Calcutt 11 Diabetic Encephalopathy 18 7 Geert Jan Biessels 12