FLAME SAFEGUARn CONTRULS phần 10 doc

TABLE Vi-USUAL COMBINATIONS OF FLUID POWER ACTUATORS AND V5055 INDUSTRIAL GAS VALVES .~ GAS FLUIO VALVES LOW PRESSURE- HIGH PRESSURE b POWER ACTUATORS V5055A V5055B V5055C V5055D V5055E TYPE· MODEL ON-OFF CHARACTERIZED GUIOEc vsor d ON-OFF VSOl d - , - A X X V4D55 B X On-Off D X E X V4062 A X Off-Lo-Hi D X V9055 A X Mcdulating 0 X as psi differential and 15 psi close-off (ell:cept 3 psi differential for 4 inch V50558). b25 psi differential and 75 psi close-off for 1 through Hf2 inch valves; 15 psi differential and 45 psi close-off lor valves 2 inches and over. c Val e guide has notches to determine vaive liO'N characteristics; provides predictable relationship between stem trayel and gas llow, dValye Seal Overtravel Interlock. Valve has 2 seais and actuator has a valve-closed indication switch. MOlIllWlll AUTO."'I( SUllY SHUTOff Ynus ~ v_.o Off-lO-HI Hi'RlSSURE _ '~-ir &~::R.~nA'uO _" ~ Gu'DE v5115H H"RU5IJR~ , " *i~ " " 1t O~ERfuvH '~TUl<XR _ FIG. 55- HONEYWELL FAMILY OF AUTOMATIC SAFETY SHUTOFF VALVES. tuator is energized, and closes wnen p::lwer is removed. When closed, it seals off against the rated close-off pressure with no power awJiad. The actuator determines the method Of f1ring-a V4055 is used for on-off tiring, a V4062 tor high-low tiring, ard a V9055 for modulated tiring. The V9055 Actuator can be controlled directly from a series 90 controller (except Ihe T991 family), just like the M941 Modutrol Motor. The V9055 has a solid state balancing relay, so it is not sensitive to normal burner vibration. Valvalactuator corrtlina- tions providing a Valve Seal Overtrallel Interlocl< are available to meet certain Underwriters Laboratories Inc. and Faclory Mulual requirements. Nole that high fJlessure valves and actuators are normally used only for on off firing. 7H7558·1 APPENDIX A-INSTALLING LINKAGES ON M941 MODUTROL MOTORS 0605 DAMPER LINKAGE ThE! Q1505 Damper Uttkage is used \0 connect an M941 MociJtrol Motor to a damper. Mocleis are available for mounling the motc:'5r either inside or outsIde the duct. WheABYer possible, mount the motor outside the ducl. This will make lhe linkaQEI setup and adjustment easler an:! will also facililale maintenance, When used in a moclilaling system, besl control is 0b- tained when the linkage (s adjusted for a ma:w:imum dam!> er'op9Qing of 60 degrees. Up to this poinl, airtlow IhrOlJ\tl a parallel ,blade damper is nearly prcp:lrtiona1 to damper opening Qn angular degrees). Further c:pening 01 the damper will pass only a small addilional amount at air. ThE! motor shaft and damper shaft shouldtle alleasl14 inches 1355 mm] apart. If they are closer, ~he linkaQEI may be difficullio adjust. If they are more than 3 or 4 teet [about 1 metre] apart, the long connecting rod may lack stiffness. The 0605 Damper Unkage may be used 10 q::lerate ellher parallel or opposed blade dampers (Fig. 56). I ) , PARAllEl BLADE OPPOSED BLADE ACTION ACTION "" FIG. 56- PARALLEL AND OPPOSED BLADE DAMPERS. INSTALLATION AND ADJUSTMENT After mounting the molor, CorJ'l)Iel8 the foliowinQ steps 10 install am adjust the Q605 Damper linkage. For further detalls, reter \0 the Q605 instruclion sheet. form 60-2003. STEP 1 Align the motor shaft holes in 'he crank arm and crank trI b. Place the crank arm assembly on the molor shaft (FiQ. 57). TIghlen the motor crank arm screws only IhurT'b- light, as further adjustments will be required. FIG. 57-INSTALLING THE CRANK ARM ON THE MOTOR SHAFT. STEP2 Slip the damper crank arm on the damper shaft. Do not tiQhten !he setscrews. The damper blades must be in the position corresponding 10 the de-eneq;Ji2ed motor position. STEP 3 Install one ball}oint at the Innermost position of the m0- tor crank am and another at lhe desired angular degree& of·lravel mark on the damper arm. See Fig, 58. (Remember that, with 90 degree molors, damper crank arm travel will be ab;)uI half that indicated on the crank arm, On noncalitw'ated damper arms, awro:w:imate the po- silions shown in Fig. 59 or 50, and adjust by energizing the moJor laler,J STEP 4 With both the molor and the damper closed, slide the pushrcx:.t throu~ the 2 ball pints. nghtan lhe ball }Dints only thumb-ti~1. STEP 5 Run the motor through its full stroke and check 10r pfq)9r damper and linkage operation. Adjust. il necessary, and li~ten the ball joints. NOTES: 11 the crank arms (motor and damper) are on lhe same side of their respective shafts, the shafts will turn in the same direction (FiQ. 59). 11 the crank arms are on opJXlSite 328 FIG. 60- Q605 INSTALLATION WITH CRANK ARMS ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THEIR SHAFTS. (DAMPER ROTATES IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION FROM MOTOR.) FIG. 58- POSITIONING THE BALL JOINT ON THE DAMPER CRANK ARM. '0.'. ,., k. I , 'O~1T10" CD PO"TIO" (j) K'''TIO'' (i) ~IN'~H OF HROKE FIG. 59- Q605 INSTALLATION WITH BOTH CRANK ARMS ON THE SAME SIDE OF .TAEIR SHAF(S. (DAMPER ROTATES IN SAME DIRECTION AS MOTOR.) sides at the shafts, the shatls will turn in q:posite direc- tions (Fig. 60). Q1008 LINKAGE The 01008 Unkage is used to connecC an M941 Moclutrol Motor 10 a V51 E 8utterfly Gas Valve. The moIor must b8 set for a 90 degree stroke only. INSTALLATION Special parts needed for the basic assen'Oly are fur- nished in bag assemblies. For adapting the 01008 Unk· age 10 operate dampers. auxiliary valves. or other equipment, see the burner manuiacturer's ircslructiorls. Install the molar and linkage on the valve as follows (rater to Fig. 61): 1. Mount the plate on the stop bracket with three No. 10 screws and lock washers. 329 The angular position of the dalT'4'Elr arm on the shan must never permit the arm to reach a near.oea(l.center p0- sition at either end at its stroke. CHECKOUT AND SERVICE CheCk Ihe linkage for the following poinfs: 1. There should be nothing (such as pipes, wcts. or concluitsl to ObStruct the movement of the molar. linkage. or damper. The motor must be tree 10 run through its entire stroke to prevenl damage 10 it. 2. All ball joints and olher connections should be t"trt and show no sign at Sliwa-ge. 3. 1ll& darrp:lr should operate smoothly andpresent no unusual load 10 the motor and linkage. 2. Mount the motor on the plate with four 1(4 Inch screws. lock washers, and ools. 3. Make sure the molar Is In the • closed~ position (the position assumed when motor terminals are shorted Red- tOWhlle). Install the motor crank arm and lig,ten the clamp screw securely. 4. Inslall the valv& actuating arm. 5. Slide the linkage rod through the ~r and k:Mer ball joinlS. and prOCeed with adjustments. ADJUSTMENTS 1. Loosen the Allen head salscrews In the ~ ball joinl 10 allow the linkage rocl to slide treely. l Dosen 1h& 71-97558-1 ~ (~~~K .~ ,",po-H' 8~<l ,0'''1 V~LH "cr. UATINC; U", I'~~I~ ~h('\! ~PRI"C! lOw., ball joint so Ihat il will slide 1raet:r in the acluating arm slol. .~,o''"' 2. StIlrt the motor 1erminals Red-Co-White to drive thQ motor closed, 3. Hold the valVe disc open at the desIred low-fire posi· tion and lighten the lower ball joinl hand-liQhl against the outer end altha aClualil1Q arm sial. TiQhten the Allen head screws in the LPPfIr ball ,iointlo provide some friC"lion on the rod, but nol enough to prevent it from slidinQ il lhe valve hits its stop. 4. ShJrt the motor terminals R&d-Ie-Blue. As the mol:::. awes cpen, nole the valve travel. Reset the lower baH joint to give lhe proper high-fire valve position. NOTE: When the lower ball joinlls moved, the upper ball joint usually musl be readjusted if the \/81\/e is to keep the same low-fire !=OSition. Adjustments al the lower and upper ball joints enable the installer to set the \/al\/e for any span ollra\/el, and for any minimum and maximum setling. w!thoulloss vf motor positions. For more information, refer 10 the Q100 instruCtion sheel, form 61) 2135. FIG. 61-INSTAlliNG A 0100B LINKAGE BETWEEN AN M941 MOOUTAOL MOTOR ANDA V51E BUTTERFLY GAS VALVE. REFERENCES; aaSic Control TheaI)', Commercial Air ConditionirlQ Controls Training, form 71-6758, Honeywell, Minneapolis, MN. 1972. ~umers and BQilers. Flame safeguard Relerenc6 Malerial, 10rm 70-8107, Honeywell, Minneapolis, MN, 1976. E!onka and Parsons, SUmdard {nsfrumentation Questions and Answers Volume fl· ContrQf Systems, McGraw-Hili Book Company, Inc., New YOlk, 1962. Elonka and Rch'lnson, Standa'rd Ptaat Opera/or's Outs/iOns and Answe% Volume II, McGraw-HIli Book Company, Inc., New York, 1959. EnaineerinQ Manual of Automatic CoO/rot for Commercia! AJr Conditiooing, Minneapolls·Honaywell RegUlator Company, Mi.MGaPOl's, MN, 1958. Haines, John E., Automatic Contrq( of HeWna ana Nr Conditionina, Second Edition, McGraw-Hili Book Company, Inc., New YOr\(, 1961. Hqnl\!ywtll Homenc/aturl\! and Series Operation, A Programmed Course, Aesidenf,al Division Training, form 71-97159, Honeywell, Minneap:llis. MN, 1972. Manifold, George 0., Avtomatic Control for Power and Process, MCGraw-Hili Book Co~ny, N6w York, 1964. Modulating Comrols Service Hanctbook. form 71-6601, HOI"Ieywell, Minneapolis. MN, 197~. Nqrth AQ'lrrican ComtJusUon Handbook, FirSI EditIon, Third Prinling, The North American ManufaCIUfinl;j' Co., Clevela'1d, DH, 1965. Sizing aad AOD/ication or Laroe Gas valv~ Flame salegJard Reference Malerial, form 7Q-B 116. Honeywell, Minneapolis, MN, 197fl. valves aod Valve Trains, Flame Safeguard Reference Malerial, 10rm 70-81 19, Honeywell, Minneapolis, MN, 19715. 330 ABSOLUTE P~ESSURE-Ihe sum of gauge pressure plj.,js atmospheric pressure. Absolute pressure can be zero only in a perlect vacuum. ACTUAL BODY RATING-see VALVE BODY RATING. ACTWATOR-a controlled molar, relay or solenoid In which the electric energy is converted into a rolary, lin- ear. or switching action. An actuator can effect a change in the controlled variable by operating the final control elements a number of times. Valves aM damp' ers are examples of mechanisms which can be controlled by actuators. Also see PROPOR- TIONAL, SPRING RETURN, and TWO-POSITION ACTUATORS. AI R -the elastic, invisible mixture of gases that surrounds lr,e eanh; atmosphere. Also see AMBIENT, ATOMIZ- ING. COMBUSTION. COMPRESSED. EXCESS, IN- DUCED. PREHEATED. PRIMARY, SEAL, SECONDARY, AND VENTILATION AIR. AIR-ATOMIZING OIL BURNER-see ATOMIZING OIL BURNER. AIR CHANGE-a complete replacement of all the air in the combusllon chamber and breaChing of a furnace or boiler. AIRFLOW SWITCH -a conlrollerused to prove proper air movement through a corrbustlon chamber by measuring wirdlox or breeching pressure or by measuring air velocity (sail switCh). Also see LOCKOUT and RUN· NING INTERLOCKS. AI R·FUEL RATIO - the ratio of the weight, or volume of air to fuel measured in Ihe same unils under the same conditions. The cptimum air-fuel ratio is the minimum ratio that will provide complete cOlTtlusllon of the fuel with enough excess air 10 maintain a stable flame envelope. Also see STOICHIOMETRIC AIR-FUEL RATIO. AIR HEATER-an IndirecHired. venled appliance in- lended to supply heated air for space neating and other purposes, but not Intended for permanent installation. AIR REGISTER-a burner mounting which may admit secondary air to the corrouslion space. AIR RICH -the air-fuel ratio supplied to a furnace that provide:s more air than the optimum ratio. AlA SHUTTER-an adjustable device for varying the size of Ihe air inlet or Inlets regulating primary and/or secondary air. An air shutler may be automatically or manu- aUy operated. ALARM-an audible device or visible signal indicating a malfunction Of off-normal condition. ALARM CIRCUIT -an electrical circuit that includes a bell. horn, or similar device to signal an unsafe condition. ALTERNATING CURRENT (ac)-a flow of eleclriclty which reaches maximum in one direction, decreases to zero, then reverses itself and reaches maximum in the opposite direction. The cycle is repeated continuously. The number of such cyCles per second is the frElQJency in hertz (HZ). The average value of voltage during any cycle is zero. AMBIENT AIR -generally speaking, the air surrounding t/1e equipment. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE-the temperature of tne air surrounding tne eqUipment. AMPUFIER-a device used to increase the magnitude at a small input signal to proportions sufficient to perform some desirable function. Also see FLAME SIGNAL AMPUFtER. AMPUFIER SATURATION-the point at whiCh an in- creased input signal no longer increases the amplifier output. ANGSTROM UNIT (.&.) -a unil of measurement of a wave- length of lilflt and other electromagnetic radiation, eqJalto one len-thousandth (1/10,000) at a micron. ANNUNCIATOR-a device which indicates an off- standard or abnormal condition by visual and/or audible sig'lals. ANTIFLOODING DEVICE -a primary control which causes the fuel flow to be shul off LPQn a rise in fuel level or ~ receivingexC8SS fuel, and which operates before the hazardous diSCharge of fuel can occur. APERTURE DISC-a thin, flat, cIrcular plate of any material with an ~nlng or hole (orifice) of predetermined diameter to restrict the area viewed through it. AOUADAG TUBE-an electron tlbe sensitive to ultraviolet radial ion, used in the C7012 Purple Peeper Ultravio- let Flame Detectors. When saturated with Ultraviolet radiation. this tube delivers less than' microwallto the flame $lg'lal amplifier. ARC GAP PROTECTOR-a devIce which cord.Jcls at high vollage levels 10 bypass an eleclronic network, thus protecting tne network agaj~t damage from hlgl voltage Int9lference ~ch as thai generatac:l by a sp<Irk ignilion system). 331 71·91558-1 ARMATURE-the moving eJementln an electrClllleChani- cal device, such as the movable iron core in a solenoid, Ihe rotaling part of a generator or motor, the movable pirt'of a relay, or lhe spring-mounted, iron portion of a bell or buner. ARTIFICIAL FUELS-man-made fuels, Including all manufactured and byiJroduct fuels. ARTIST CAP - a fabricated hood, usually of sheetmelal, placEld on tq:) of a stack to prevent downdrafts or erratic draffs becauSe of the direcliOl'l8( wind effecls. ASH - the noncombustible mailer that remains after a fuel is burned. ASPU?Al1NG BURNER-a burner in which the fuel in a gasElCIU& or finely divided form is burned in suspension. the air for combustion being su~lied by bringing into contact With the fuel, air drawn thrClUQh one or more openings by lhe lower stalic pressure created by the velocity of the fuel stream. Also see VENTURI and ZERO·GOVERNOR BURNER. ASPIRATOR MIXER-a gas-air ptoportioning device thaI causes the flow 01 cOmbuslion air to induce the proper amount of gas inlo the airstream. It is used with low pressure air and zero gas. Also called a Suction Type Mixer. Also see ZERO·GOVERNOR BURNER. ATMOSPHERE-the invisible mixture 01 gasas (air) surrounding the earth: a unit of pressure defined 'as lhe pressure of 760 millimelers 01 mercury at sea level and at 0 C [32 Fl, which is equal to 14.6969 p::lUncts per square inch (PSi), or 29.92' inchas of mercury. ATMOSPHERJC BURNER-a gas burner relying on atmospheric pressure to bring in combustion air. It si~ permits Ihe air required for combustion to enter the CO!T1:lustion 'Chamber, or It draws air into the combuslion chamber from the area surrounding the burner. Two methods are used 10 draw air into the combustion space. Natural·Draft Burner the natural draft produced by the product!> of combvstion moving L.p Ihrough Ihe chimney, or staCK, draws air in atlhe bottom of the burner. InliQiratlng Burner the fuel gas Is allowed 10 es- cape at high velocity into the throal of a venturi tLbe, creating a lower static pressure which draws In the air. Also called an Injection or Ven- turi Mixing Burner. A typical atmospheriC burner draws In pari Of the c:om- bustion air by venturi action and the rast by a natural draft. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE-the prBSSUre exerled on lhe earlh's surface by the weight of lhe air and moislure above it; a unit of pressure equal 10 about 14.7 psi (see ATMOSPHERE). Also called ~rometfrc Pressure. ATMOSPHERIC REGULATOR see ZERO GOVERNOR. ATOMIZE-Io reduce a liquid into a multitude of liny drop- 1e1.9 or a fine spray. ATOMIZER-a device which breaks liquid fuel into a fine spray. It may require the assistancs of an atomizing medium such as steam or air. Also sea MECHANICAL ATOMIZER. ATOMJZING AIR-the air su~IiBd 10 an air·atomizing oil burll8r (usually about 10 percent) which IS used to break the oil stream into tiny droplets. Ths atomizing air is also later used 10r combustion. ATOMiZING MEDIUM-a supplementary fluid, such as sleam or air, which assists in breaKing oil into a finely divided stale. ATOMIZING OIL BURNER-an oil burner which delivers fuel oil to the combustion ZOIl8 in the form 01 tiny drop- leis. It uses some form at nozzle or ori1ice to spray the oil into the combustion charrCer. An atomizing oil burner is classified by the medium used to breaK up the oil into fine particles. Air-Atomizing Oil Burner compressed air. Steam-Atomizing QII Burner-steam at pressuras greater Ihan 25 pounds per square inch (psig). MeC,l',anical-A\Omizinq Oil Burner no mBdium; the oil is p mped at hig'l pressures (50 to 300 psig) through a suitabie burner nozzle orifice which breaks il into a fine mist. Synonymous with fressure-Atomizina Oil Burner. (Also see PRESSURE-ATOMIZJNG GUN TYPE BURNER.) Air· and Steam-Atomizing Oil Burners can be further classified by the location at which the atomization takas place. External·Mix Oil Burner-the high velocity air or steam strikas lhe oil after it has left the nozzle. Internal-Mix Oil Burner the high velocity air or steam striKes jets of incoming oil in atomizing cha/Ttler, and the oil is discharged from the nozzle in completely atomized 10rm. AUTO-shan for automatic; lhe firing rate position (on a programmer) lhat provides a period during Which lhe firing fate motor is operating frem an external Control- ler. Also see MODULATE. AUTOMATIC-self·ragJlaling or self-acting; Capable of responding to cMain predetermined Conditions. AUTOMAl1CAl1.Y IGNITED BURNER - burner In which fuel 10 the main burner is aulonalically turned on and i~iled. AUTOMATIC BURNER -a burner that stMs and stops automalically. AUTOMAl1C CONTROL-ij sy6Iem thai reacts to a change or unbalance in one of its variables by adjusting the other variables 10 restore the system to the desired balance. For example, a 6y8Iem for control 01 air-fuel ratio can be set up so lhat a change in the selling of the combustion air valve results in a corresponding change in the fueJ input. AUTOMATIC CONTROL VALVE-an electrically operated valve which combines a valve l::lc.dy and a valve ac· tuator or motor. A signal from some remote point can .e(lergize the actuator or motor to qJen or close the valve, or 10 proportion lhe rate of flow through the valve. Also see CONSTANT·LEVEL, FIRING RATE, MODU- LATING, MOTORIZED, and SAFETY SHUTOFF VALVES. AUTOMATIC IGNITION-a system in which a burner is ignited direttly, without manual intervention, by an aulo- .matically supervised ig1ltion spark or pilot. AUTOMATIC SAFETY SHUTOFF VALVE-see SAFETY SHUTOFF VALVE. AUTOMATIC SYSTEM-a system which regJlates itself , and requires no manual operations: a system in which the burner is cycled completely automatically under control of an automatic temperature or pressure controller. AUXIUARY POTENTIOMETER-a potentiometer mounted in or on a modulating motor, which is used to control an external device in response to movements of the motor. AVAILABLE HEAT -the quantlly of heat released in a combustion chamber that is available for useful purposes. II is the total quantity of heat released minus both the dry flue gas loss and the moisture loss. BAFFLE-a metal or refractory plate or wall used to de- flect the flow of gases or liquids or to minimize the ef- fects of flame, heal, or flue gases. BAG ASSEMBLY - closely related parts grouped together in a single packaQEl, purchased as 1 unit. BALANCING RELAY -a relay with an armature pivoted between 2 etectromagnelic coils. The armature controls the position of the Wiper on a feEKDack potenti. ometer In the electrical circuit. If the currents through the 2 coils differ, the armature moves toward the coil with the most current (strongest electrornagnetit force). As the armature moves, the potentiometer wiper changes the resistance in series with both coils unlil the currents are equal. The armature stops when the circuit is balanced. Besides the electromechanical type just dBscribed, there is also a solid slate type which per· forms tile same functions electronically. A balancing relay is used in a Modutrol motor to position it. Also called a "mouse trap. " BAR CHART -a representalion of the ~raling se- quence 01 a flame safeguard programming control us- ing bars shaded to show the times when various circuits are energiZed. BAROMETER-an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure. BAROMETRIC PRESSURE - see ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. BASE -the main s~rting frame or structure of an assembly, excluding the legs. BATCH TYPE FURNACE-a furnace thai Is shul down periodically to remove lhe old charQEI and add a new charQEl; as dlsllngulshed from a ContinUJUS Furnace. BELLOWS-a metallic accordian-like box which can be compressed mechanically or with fluid pressure Oike a spring}, and which will return to its normal shape when Ihe pressure is released. BENT-TUBE BOILER-see WATER-TUBE BOiLER. BlAST FURNACE GAS-a gas of low Btu content resulting from burnirg coke with a defiCiency 01 air in a blast furnace. BLEEDER-an intentional leak, usually used to rectJce pressure in an impulse line. BLEEDING-intentional leak3Qe (usually of gas). Leak· age that mi'lt't occur during shutdown In a safety shutoff valve "block-and-bleed- arrangement. Gas bleeds off 10 the atmosphere through a normally qJen vent valve. When the safely shutoff valve(s) is opened, the venl or bleed valve closes and "bleecjing" slq:lS. Also see DOUBLE-BLOCK-AND-BLEED. BLOCK-AND·BlEED see DOUBLE-BLOCK·AND- BLEED. BLOWER -a fan used to deliver air under pressure to the desired space. Also see BURNER MOTOR. BODY RATING-see VALVE BODY RATING. BOILER -a closed vessel in which a liquid is heated or va- porized; used to s'-W1y hot waler or steam for heating, processing, or power purposes. Also see CAST IRON SECTIONAL, DRYBACK, FIREBOX, FIRE-lUBE, HIGH PRESSURE, HIGH TEMPERATURE, LOW PRESSURE, PACKAGED, SCOTCH, WATER·lUB~ and WETBACK BOiLERS. BOiLER HORSEPOWER (BoHP)-the EQJivalent of the heat rElQJired to evaporate 34.5 Ib [15.648 kC] of waler per hour lrom a temperature of 212 F [100 Cl into dry, saluraled steam al the same temperature. ~i\/a'enl to 33,472 Bluh, 9.803 kilowalls, or 40 poundS of steam per hour. BONNET -see VALVE BONNET. BOOSTER HEAlER-a heater used 10 raise the tempera· ture of oil from thai tEQJired for pumping 10 thai required for atomization. BOTTLED GAS-see UQUEFIED-PETROLEUM GAS. BOURDON TIJBE-a lube thai responds 10 pressure changes. The ILbe, with elliptical cross section, i6 33J 71-97558-1 shaped into an arc or spiral witl"l 1 end attached to an irdcatlng, ret01ding, Of controlling deliice. A pressure wltl"lln the tlbe makes It less elliptical and more nearly circular, thus actuating Il"Ie attached device. BOX·HEADER BOILER-see WATER·TUBE BOILER. BRAKE-WINDING -the winding in an electric motor which floId9 lhe armature againsl a brake SilOE! to hold the lTDIor In Its open posllion after the mOior limit swllc;h opens;' When both the motor winding and the brake wtr1dir1g are energiZed. I,""" streng1h o1lhe motor wjnd- Ing O\Iercomes the brake Winding. BRANDi CIRCUIT -a secondary cJn;uillaading from the mainoil circulating Ic:q::> 10 a burner or gfOl.q:l ofbUmers. BREAKDOWN (VOLTAGE}-that volla~ et which an In- sulator or dielectric r~lures. BREECHING - a passageway to condJc\ flue gases from tne /umace or bOiler 10 Il"Ie chimney. Also caffed 1!l.Ii ~ Of vanl connector. BRIDGE CIRCUJT ~an eJectrical nalwol1c arranged so lhat the volta~ at a given poinl in the circuit lOan be z&- roed by adjusling the electrical paramelers (resistance. inciJctance, and capacitance) in the branchas until the currents balance. BRING·UP TlME-lhe time required to raise a cold fur· nace and its char~. if any, to operating temperature. BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (Btu)-tl"le quantity of heat ra- q.Jir9d 10 raise the temperature of t pound of water from' degree F. BTU (8tu)-sae BRJTISH THERMAL UNIT BTUI-! (BrUhl-one Btu per hour; 1 million Btuh is eq.;iva- lent to 7 gallons of oil per hour, 800 pounds of steam p&r ho.Jr, or a boiler inpul of 20 boiler horsepower (Be HPJ. BUCKET BRIGADE - a colloquial term, for the elec\(onic setf-checking Circuitry in the flame signal amplifier of scme flame sa1egUard controls. The term refers 10 lhe periodiC "dumping" (discharQlngj of one capacitor in the circuil info anolher. 11 this dumping steps, due to a failure in Ihe flame delection system. the control shuts d:lwn the burnElr. BUNKER ~C~ Otl-a term for heavy oil (No.6 fuel oil). S8IB HEAVY FUEL Oll_ BURNER-a device which introduces fuel and air into a furnace at lhe oasireo velocities. 11 'rt:x;lence, and can. centration to eslablish and mainlain proper ignition and combustion of the fust Also see ATMOSPHERIC. AT· OMIZING OIL, AUTOMATlCALL Y IGNITED. AUTO· MATIC, COMBINATION. INSHOT, LONG FLAME. MAIN, MANUALLY IGNITED, MULTI PORT. NOZZLE- MIXING, PARTJAL-PAEMIX, POWER, PREMIX. RAW GAS, ROTARY OIL, SEMIAUTOMATiC. UPSHOT, and WARMUP BURNERS. BURNER CONTROlLER-an aulomatlc lemperalure or pl"9SSU¥9 sensing device connected In the il'lpJl Circuit 01 a flame safeguard control. 1Ilndirectly acts to tum a bUrner on or off in order to maintain pressure, air tem- pe,ralUTe, waler temperalure, or liq.Jid level wJlhin the desired limits. BURNER HEAD-that end of a burner beyond the nozzle or portS. BURNER-INPUT CONTROL VALVE-see FIRING RATE VALVE. BURNER MOTOR- fhe motor which ctives the blOWer or fan thai delivers air at proper velocity into the corrt>us- tion chamber. BURNER REFRACTORY-see REFRACTORY, BURNING VELOCITY - see FLAME PROPAGATION RATE. BUSHING -a usually removable lining or sleeve of melal or other malerial lhal isc inserted or ecrewed into an q:Jening to Ifmillts size. resl81 wear or erosion, ser\fe as a guide, or protect wires from abrasion and lX'SSib!e shOrt circuit; an internally an:::J exlernally threaded plug fOi connecting a pipe or titling with another of different size. FO(exarnpls. lhepart at the C7015A Intrared(lead sulfide) Flame Detector which Includes the viewing window Of magnifying lens; it1ils over Ihe plug-in lead sulfide cell. ard Is held in place by the mounting collar. BUTANE: - a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel; a mixture of eas- ily liquefiable hydrocarbon gases, principally butane. Bulane is one 01 tne cCll1ll=Of'l8nts of raw natural gas. and is also derived from pe:roleum refini"lQ proces.se:s BUTTERFLY DAMPER-a single blade damper, pivoted abOut ils center; Ihe blade somewhat ~esembles Ihe opened wings of a bullerfly. BUTIERFLY VALVE-a throttling valva tor a pipe, con- sisting of a rotating hinged plate thaI somewhal resem- bles the opened wir1gS of a butterfly; ol1en used as a firint;;l rale valve. lhe Honeywell V51E Bullerfly Valve ~ excellent hi~'<Olume floYl characteristics, makinQ il useful for close mocIulation of the supply of air or fuel gases to lar~ furnaces. This type of ~alve cbes not cloSEl :ightly. so a separate safety shutoff valve musl be US&d wilh it for final closeoff. CAD cal-see CADMIUM SULFIDE CELL. CADMIUM SULfiDE CELL-a ph'>Io.condJclive devlea that responds 10 the visible light emilledby an oil flame. In the presence 01 ~isible lighl, the eleclrkal resistance o11ha cadmium sulfide {CdS) becomes very low and the cell conducts current The cad cell is used In flame detectors 10r Oil burner Systems. 334 CAGE VALVE-a single-seated valve containing a frame or box (cage) Inside which Ihe plug slides, cpening the ports. CALL FOR HEAT-when the controlled lemperature or pressure drops below the cperallng set p:linl, Ihe burner controller contacts make to iniliale burner cperation. CALQRIE-Ihe quanllty or heat required to raise the tern- . peralure o~ 1 gram of waler 1 degree C. CA~pLlNG. (CANDLEUGHTING}-the deterioration or the pilot to an unsatisfactory condition, characterized by a lazy, yellow 1lame; usually caused by a high ambi· ent temperature or an excessively large pilot burner orifice. CAflACInVE LOAD-a leading load; a load that is pre- oominantly capacitive, so that the alternating current leads the alternating voltage, I.e., the voltage doeS not change direction until afler the corresponding current does. CAPACITY INDEX (Cvl-the quantity or waler, in gallons per minute at 60 F, thatllows through a given valvewilh a pressure drop or , psi. The flow or a.ny fluid through the same valve can be calculated from the C v . Also ca.lled the Flow Coefficient. CASlNG-l) a. covering of sheets of metal or other material such as a 1ire resistanl comJXlSition l::::oard l.lSed 10 enclose all or a portion or a steam generating plant; 2) an enclosure torming the outside of a.n appliance, no parts 01 which are likely to be subjected 10 intense heat. CAST IRON SECTIONAL BOILER-a OOPer comJX)S9d or a. number of separale sections 1a.stened together, resulting in a large heal transfer area. It can be fired by an LPShot or :nshol gas burner, or by a pressure atomizing oil burner. Sizes range up to 4 million Btuh (about 80 BoHP). . , CELL - a single unit that produces voltage Of currEW11 by converting radiant energy into electrica.l energy. Also see CADMIUM SULFIDE and LEAD SULFIDE CELLS. CENTRAL FURNACE-a seI1-contained, indirect-fired furnace designed to supply heated air through ducts to spaces remole 1rom or adjacenllo the furnace location. CENTRAL HEATER-a stationary. indirect-fired, vented awliance in one of these classes: boilers, cenlral furnaces, 1100r furnaces, recessed healers, and floor- mounted unit heaters connecled to a ducl system. CENTRIFUGAL ATOMIZING OIL BURNER - see ROTARY OiL BURNER. CHARACTERIZED GUIDE-a valve guide with notches or V's cui inlo il to determine the valve flow characteris· tic; also known as a skirted guide. CHARGE-a. load; the maximum or necessary QJNItity thaI a conla.iner or awaratus is buill to accommodate; e.g., fuel in a furnace. In electricity, the elsclricat energy stored in a capacilor or ba!tery or held on an insulated object. CHASSIS-a sheetmelal bOx, frame, or single plate on which the components of a device are mounted; the asserrbled frame and parts. CHATTER-see RELAY CHATTER. CHECKING RELAY -a relay iri the selt-checklng circuit or some flame safeguard controls which makes ard breaks periodically (~Checking~ or ~peCking· action) when the flame signal is strong enough. While checking, it trans1ers energy to hold in the 11ame relay. It slops MChecking M it the flame signal becomes too weak or disappears. CHIMNEY-a brick, metal, or concrete stack enclosing 1 or more 11ues for conveying 11ue gases to !he ouIside atmosphere. CHIMNEY CONNECTOR-the pipe which connects a fuel burning appliance to the chimney; a.lso called a smoke pipe. CIRCUIT-see ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT. CIRCULATING LOO P- the main loop in which oil is circu- lated from the storage tanks to 1M branch circuilsand then back to the storage tanks. CLOSED CIRCUIT OIL SYSTEM-a system in which oil may be pu~ completely through the circulating loop and back into the oil storage tank. CLOSED IMPELLER-see IMPELlER. CLOSE-OFF RATING -the maximum allowable pressure drop to which a valve may be subjected while fully closed. It is a function of the JXlWer available from the valve actuator for holding the valve closed, and is ll'k:ie- pendenl of the actual valve l:xxtf raling. COCK-a manually operaled faucet or valve tor shutting oft or throttling down the~ow or a li~id or gas. usua.11y by means of a tapered plug. Also see PETCOCK ard SUPERVISORY FUEL COCK. COMBINATlON BURNER-a burner by means of which more than 1 fuel can be burned. eilher separa.lety or si· multaneously. Also called a Mullifuel Burner. A C1.lil!:. Fuel Burner uses , prime fuel, but can switch to a stanchy 1ue1 under peak load conditions. A .Gas:Ol! ~ is capable of burning either gas or oil-some. types can burn OOlh at the same time. Ex~les of a Combination Burner: Pressure-Atomizing Oil/Gas Ring BuOl9f'. Horizontal Rotary Oil/Gas Ring Burner. Combination of 2 burners (under separate Sl.4l9r- vision) in 1 asserrbly. COMBUSTlBLE MATERIAL-material that will iglile and bum. k3 pertaining to materIals ad}acent to Of in contact with heal-prodJcing Wiances, chimney connec· tors, vent connectors, steam and hoi water pipes, m warm air wcts, II is material made or or surfacedwilh 335 71-97558-1 wood. COlTpfElSsacI paper, plant fibers, or other mate- rtalthat wlllignite and burn. Such material shall be con- sidaTEld as combustible even lhough flameproofed, fire-retardant treated, or plastered COMBUSTION-the act or process ofbutning; the rapid oxidation of fuel accompanied by the production at heat, or heat and light. Complete col'1'bustlon req.Jires an adequate suppl)l of oxygen. Also se& COM PI.ETE, INCOMPLETE, and PERFECT COMBUSTION. COMBUSTION AIR-the air r&q Jired tor clJl'l'lllele and sanSfactory combustion of the fuel; ooes nol inclUde the air used for atomization. Also called main air. The actual amounl of air supplied Is usually expressed as a percentage of the lheoretical amount required for can- p1ete combustion. , ,. COMBUSTION AIR SWITCH-se& AIRFLOW SWITCH. COMBUSTION CHAMBER-the panion of the heating or prcx:ess equipment where fuel is burned. Also called the~. COMBUSTION CONTROL-see FIRING RATE CONTROLLER. COMBUSTION CONTROL VALVE-5ElEl FIRING RATE VALVE. COMBUSTION DETECTOR-see FLAME DETECTOR. COMBUSTION PRODUCTS- mailer resulting from COITI- bUstion. such as flue Qi!S8S, water,vapor, and ash; but excluding excess air. COMBUSTION RATE-se& FIRING RATE. COMBUSTION SAFEGUARD-see FLAME SAFE- GUARD CONTROL COMMON-a terminal, connection. leadwire, circuit, or other part of an eleClricj;l1 networ'K which is shared by olher parts of tho networ'K. On a flame safeguard co~ trol, the terminal and leadwire which are in lhe circuit for all JXlSitions 01 the firing rate swllching circuit COMPlETE COMBUSTION-burning with stoichiometric P'C90rtions of air and fuel pllAi a rncderale excess of air 10 ensure Ihal all of the fuel is burned. COMPRESSED AIR-air al a pressure of 5 or more jX)Unds per SQ,Jare inch above atmospheriC pressure. COMPRESSED-AIR-ATOMIZING OIL BURNER-see ATOMIZING OIL BURNER. COMPRESSIBLE FLOW-flow of hiQh pressure gas or air which undergoes a pressure drop sufficient to resull in a siglificant reduction 01 its density. CONDENSATE-condensed water resulting from the removal of lalent heal from steam. CONDUCTION-the transfer of heat or transmission of electricity through a materia! (cal/eel a condUclor) by passing II from molecule to molecule. CONDUCTIVITY CiRCUIT -a flame proving circuit which operates on an ac flame aignal and utilizes the electrical corOJction of a flame, as d1sllnculsheci fran rectlfi- calion. Also 5ElEl CONDUCTIVITY FLAME ROD SYSTEM and FLAME CONDUCTIVITY. CONDUCTIVITY FLAME ROD SYSTEM-a flame roo deteclioo system based on the ability of the flame 10 conClucl a currant; conducts the same amount of current in eUher dlrectioo, as distinguished tram flame reeliflCatioo. CONDUIT -a tlbe or trOlJl;;flfor carrying and protecting electrical wires. CONSTANT-lEVEL VALVE-an automatic control valve for maintainIng, within a reservoir, a constant level of fuel for delivery 10 the bumer. CONSTANT PILOT -se& CONTINUOUS PILOT, CONTlNUOUS CHECK RELAY-see DYNAMIC SELF CHECK. CONTlNUOUS COMPONENT CHECK-5ElEl DYNAMIC SElF CHECK. CONTINUOUS FURNACE-a furnace ~rated on an un· intern pted cyCle, In which the charge iEi being con- stantly added to, moved thrOUgh, and removed from the furnaCe; as diSIlngulsheel from a Batch Type Fumace. CONTlNUOUS IGNlTlON-ignition by an energ,o source which is continuously maintaineelthroughout the time the burner is in service, whether the main burner is tiring or not. CONTINUOUS PILOT -a pilot that burns without turndown throughout the entire time the burner assem· bly is in service, whether lhe main butner is firing or not. The pilot ignites fuel which may leak into the corrbus· tion chamber whan the burner is off, thus prevenling a hazarcbus cordilioo at stanup. (~Gontinuous Pilol" is Underwriters laboratories Inc. term for the old term "Standing PlIot ) CONTROL-a device which dir&crJy operates a system to reg.Jlate the fuel, air, waler, or electrical Eiul=Ply to the controlled equipment. It may bEl automatic, semiauto- malic, or manual. Also see AUTOMATIC. FLAME SAFEGUARD, MODULATING, NONRECYClING, ON-QFF, OPERATING, PRIMARY, PROGRAMMING. RECYClING, AND SAFETY CONTROLS. CONTROL AGENT -the meellum which is manipulated by the control syslem 10 cause a change in the controlled medium. For ellample, suppose a heating coil thrClllgh which steam is flowing Is used to heat a room. The rcom thermostat is placeel so that it measures temperature (conl(olleel variable) in the room air (conlrolleel medium), and operates a valve which regulates Ihe flow jmanipulateel variable} of the steam (control agent) thrOlJl;;fl the heating coil. Heal from the coHls thus fur- nished to the room air. [...]... control The currenl is produced by the flame detector when II senses a flame FlAME SlGNALAMPLIFIER~the part of the flame delec tion system 'l'¥hich increases the lIame signal 10 a mag nitLJje SUfficient to pull in the flame reray In the flame saleguard control TIle amplifier may be a permanent part at the flame safeguard contrOl, or It may be a replaceable, plug-in unit FLAME FRONT-the plane along which... combustion starts or the base of the flame FLAME PROPAGATION RATE-the rate at which a flame fronltravels through a corrbustible mixture or fuel and air It is a function of air-fuel ratio mixture temperature, and Ihe ambient pressure Also called burning velocity, flame SPeed and flame velocity FLAME SIMULATOR -a device used 10 substitute tot the presence 01 flame in a flame detection circuit II is used... h;gher than the tcp endS of the FlAME CURRENT -sea FLAME SIGNAL FLAME DETECTION SYSTEM-Ihe flame detector, flame signal ampliflS", and flame relay (In a flame safe QJard control) which logether delermine whether a sut ficientflame is present 10 continue Ihe q::.erallon Of a burner lubes Also sea FIREBOX, MULTIPASS, and SCOTCH BOILERS FlAME DETECTOR-the components of a fla:ne detec tion system which... area of the electrodes in the flame enveiope (The ground ar9a is at least 4 times the area at the flame rod.) PILOT-see PILOT see FLAME DETECTOR FLAME SENSING ELEMENT and SENSOR FLAME FAILURE ~ESPONSE TIME-the time interval between the loss of name and the dr . mixture. FLAME CONDUCTIVITY -the abilit'1 01 the ionized gases of a flame 10 conduct an electriC current. FlAME CURRENT -sea FLAME SIGNAL FLAME DETECTION SYSTEM-Ihe flame detector,. ASSEMBLY_ FLAME RELAY-the relay in a flame safeguard control which pulls in when a flame. or a condition simulalinga flame, is detected. It drops out on loss ot flame signal. causing Ihe flame. SYSTEM-Ihe flame detector, flame signal ampliflS", and flame relay (In a flame safe- QJard control) which logether delermine whether a sut- ficientflame is present 10 continue Ihe q::.erallon

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