1. Trang chủ
  2. » Luận Văn - Báo Cáo

LUẬN VĂN CAO HỌC HỆ THỐNG ĐIỆN CẢI THIỆN CHẤT LƯỢNG ĐIỆN ÁP VÀ GIẢM TỔN THẤT TRONG HỆ THỐNG LƯỚI PHÂN PHỐI HÀ NỘI CÓ XEM XÉT ĐẾN NGUỒN PHÂN TÁN VÀ BỘ TỤ

70 583 5

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống

THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU

Thông tin cơ bản

Định dạng
Số trang 70
Dung lượng 729,25 KB

Nội dung

Tổn công suất và sụt điện áp luôn luôn là vấn đề chính liên quan tới giá trị thực của ngành điện lực. Nghiên cứu về những phương pháp giảm tổn thất công suất và cải thiện chất lượng điện áp đã được tiến hành nhiều năm. Trong phương pháp nghiên cứu ngày, tác giả mong muốn hiện tại phương pháp luận được ứng dụng cho lợi ích lưới điện trong nhóm tổn thất điện năng và sụt điện áp. Phương pháp sẽ tìm ra vị trí tối ưu nguồn phân tán và những bộ tụ điện trong hệ thống lưới phân phối. Có hai phần trong nghiên cứu này, phần thứ nhất tìm ra dung lượng tối ưu của nguồn phân tán và vị trí để đạt tổn thất công suất tác dụng bé nhất trong hê thống. Có nhiều nguồn phân tán khác nhau, nguồn phân tán chủ yếu chỉ cung cấp công suất tác dụng và công suất phản kháng, DG cung cấp công suất tác dụng nhưng chi phối cân xứng với công suất phản kháng, chúng được quan tâm tới việc giải quyết những vị trí tối ưu của nguồn phân tán. Phần thứ hai những bộ tụ điện được đặt vị trí tối ưu. Phương pháp luận sẽ được liên hệ với các lộ đường dây của một trạm phân phối trong công ty điện lực Hà Nội. Những lộ đường dây này có mô hình như 40 bus hệ thống và 62 bus hệ thống.

IMPROVING VOLTAGE PROFILE AND REDUCING LOSS IN THE HANOI POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONSIDERING DISTRIBUTED GENERATIONS AND CAPACITOR BANKS CẢI THIỆN CHẤT LƯỢNG ĐIỆN ÁP VÀ GIẢM TỔN THẤT TRONG HỆ THỐNG LƯỚI PHÂN PHỐI TP. HÀ NỘI CÓ XEM XÉT ĐẾN NGUỒN PHÂN TÁN VÀ BỘ TỤ A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering in Energy Asian Institute of Technology School of Environment, Resources and Development ii Acknowledgements The author would like to express his deepest gratitude to his advisor, the chairman of the thesis examination committee, Dr. Mithulananthan. N. The author would also like to thank Dr. Weerakorn. O and Prof. Sam R. Shretha for their kindness in serving as members of examination committee and for their valuable suggestions and advice throughout this study. The author wishes to convey his thank to the Electricity of Vietnam for generously granting the scholarship so that he could pursue this valuable master degree. The author also thanks Ha Noi Power Company (HPC) for providing him the opportunity to pursue this valuable master degree, to the staff and officers of HPC, for their assistance during the data collection phase. Many thanks are also sending to the faculty and staff members of Energy Program, especially to Mr. Pukar Mahat, for their help during the study. The author thanks to all of my Vietnamese classmates, Ninh, Dung, Minh, Hieu, for their kindly support. Finally, the author would like to express his deepest appreciation to his family – his parents, his wife, and his son for their utmost support, encouragement and understanding during his study in AIT. iii Abstract Power losses and voltage drop are always major concerns to electricity utility. Study about the methods to reduce power loss and improve voltage profile has been carried for many years. Nowadays, the interest in distributed generation around the world is sharply increasing. DGs are predicted to be a major component of future power system with all the benefits that come with them. If placed properly, they will improve the system in various ways, and of course, reduce power loss and voltage drop. So, it becomes essential to place them in such a way that all parties associated with them will be benefited. In this study, the author would like to present the methodology to improve the utility grid in term of power loss and voltage drop. The method will find out the optimal DG and capacitor banks in distribution system. There are two parts in this study. The first one finds the optimal DG size and the location to minimize real power loss in the system. Different DG types, namely DG supplying real or reactive power only, DG supplying real power but consuming proportionate reactive power, are considered to solve the optimal DG placement problem. In the second part, the capacitor banks are optimally placed. The methodology will be carried out with the primary feeders of one substation in Ha Noi Power Company. These feeders are modeled as 40 bus system and 62 bus systems. iv List of abbreviations CAPO – Optimal Capacitor placement DG – Distributed Generation EVN – Electricity of Viet Nam E2 – Long Bien distribution substation HPC – Ha Noi Power Company kWh – kilowatt hour kW – kilowatt kV, V – kilovolt, volt kVAr – kilovar kVA – kilovolt ampe km – kilometer MW – megawatt PSS/ADEPT – Power System Simulator – Advance Distribution Engineering Productivity Tool pf – power factor pu – per unit v Tables of Contents Chapter Title Page Title i Acknowledgements ii Abstract iii List of abbreviations iv Tables of Contents v List of tables ix 1. Introduction 1 1. Mở đầu Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Statement of problem 2 1.3 Objectives of Study 2 1.4 Scope and limitations 3 1.5 Expected results 3 2. Literature review 5 2.1 Distribution network power loss 5 2.2 Distributed Generation 6 2.2.1 Development of Applications DGs 6 2.2.2 Benefits of DG 7 2.2.3 Distribution Generation Technologies 8 2.2.4 Standard Sizes of Distributed Generation on Market 11 2.3 Distribution Power Flow Algorithms 12 2.4 Shunt Capacitor Placement 14 2.5 DG Placement Techniques 15 3. Distribution Load Flow 17 3.1 Distribution System Characteristics 17 3.2 Modeling system elements 18 3.2.1 Line Modeling 18 3.2.2 Load Modeling 19 3.2.3 Shunt Capacitor Modeling 20 3.2.4 Distributed Generation Modeling 20 3.2.5 Distribution Transformer 21 3.2.6 Network Indexing 21 3.3 Load Flow Algorithm 22 3.3.1 Backward Sweep 22 3.3.2 Forward Sweep 22 3.3.3 Stopping Criteria 23 4. Optimal Placement of the Distributed Generation 25 4. Vị trí tối ưu của nguồn phân tán Error! Bookmark not defined. vi 4.1 Optimal DG Placement to Reduce Loss 25 4.2 Optimal DG placement when DG Supply Real Power Only 25 4.3 Optimal DG placement when DG Supply Reactive Power Only 27 4.4 Optimal DG placement when DG supply P and consumes Q 27 5. Methodology 29 5. Phương pháp luận Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.1 Overview of methodology 29 5.2 Optimal DG placement to reduce system real power loss 30 Software Tools 31 5.3 Optimal Capacitor Placement Using PSS/ADEPT Application 33 5.3.1 About the PSS/ADEPT Software 33 5.3.2 Analyze Network in PSS/ADEPT 33 5.3.3 Load Flow Analysis in PSS/ADEPT 34 5.3.4 Calculating Capacitor Placement 35 5.4 System data 37 6. Results and conclusions 38 6.1 Optimal Distributed Generation 38 6.1.1 Results of Radial Feeder 983-E2 38 1. Type 1: DG supply real power only: 38 2. Type 2: DG supply real power and consume reactive power: 40 6.1.2 Results of Radial Feeder 979-E2 42 1. Type 1: DG supply real power only: 42 2. Type 2: DG supply real power and consume reactive power: 45 6.2 Optimal Capacitor Placement 47 6.2.1 Results of Radial Feeder 983-E2 48 1. Results of Load flow analysis 48 2. Results of CAPO 48 6.2.2 Results of Radial Feeder 979-E2 50 1. Results of Load flow analysis 50 2. Results of CAPO 51 7. Conclusions 54 7.1 Conclusions 54 7.2 Further study 54 References 55 Appendix A Phụ lục A Appendix B Phụ lục B Appendix C Phụ lục C vii List of figures Figure Title Page Figure 3-1: Model of a line section for single phase (π) representation. 18 Figure 3-2: Model of a line section. 19 Figure 3-3: General form of 3-phase transformer model. 21 Figure 3-4: Numbering of buses and branches. 22 Figure 3-5: Basic steps in the iterative algorithm. 24 Figure 5-1: The flow chart of works. 30 Figure 5-2: Flow chart to find the optimal DG size and the location to reduce loss in the system 31 Figure 6-1: Optimal DG size at each bus type 1 case 983-E2 38 Figure 6-2: Real power loss when DG installed at each bus with optial size type 1 case 983-E2 39 Figure 6-3: Voltage profile type 1 case 983-E2 40 Figure 6-4: Optimal DG size for type 2 case 983-E2 40 Figure 6-5: Real power loss when DG installed at each bus with optial size type 2 case 983-E2 41 Figure 6-6: Voltage profile before and after DG installed type 2 case 983-E2 42 Figure 6-7: Optimal DG size at each bus type 1 case 979-E2 43 Figure 6-8: Real power loss when DG installed at each bus with optial size type 1 case 979-E2 44 Figure 6-9: Voltage profile before and after DG installed type 1 case 979-E2 45 Figure 6-10: Optimal DG size at each bus type 2 case 979-E2 46 Figure 6-11: Real power loss when DG installed at each bus with optial size type 2 case 979-E2 46 Figure 6-12: Voltage profile before and after DG installed type 2 case 979-E2 47 Figure 6-13: Voltage profile of feeder 983E2 before capacitor placement - plotted by PSS/ADEPT 48 Figure 6-14: Voltage profile before and after capacitors placement by CAPO 50 Figure 6-15: Voltage profile of feeder 979E2 before capacitor placement 51 viii Figure 6-16: Voltage profile of feeder 979E2 before and after capacitor placement by CAPO 52 ix List of tables Table Title Page Table 2-1: Available capacities of DG for various technologies 11 Table 6-1: Ranking of buses for loss reduction type 1 case 983-E2 ( Appendix B) 39 Table 6-2: Ranking of buses for loss reduction type 1 case 983-E2 (Appendix B) 41 Table 6-3: Ranking of bus for loss redution type 1 case 979-E2 44 Table 6-4: Ranking of bus for loss redution type 2 case 979-E2 46 Table 6-5: Compare the results of case 983-E2 52 Table 6-6: Compare the results of case 979-E2 52 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Background Electric power distribution system engineering has been designed to deal with problems related to the rapidly expanding distribution system, load management and reduction of distribution loss. Voltage drop and power loss are major concerns for utilities as they limit the load ability of feeders and reduce revenue. All utility have found and applied the optimal method to improve voltage drop and power loss. Traditionally, there are many options available for reducing loss and voltage drops such as network reconfiguration, load balancing, introduction of higher voltage level, reconductoring, and capacitor installation. Among them, capacitor placement is one of most economical options for loss reduction, especially in distribution systems of developing countries. Recently, the application of small generators, called Distributed Generation (DG) has been considered to address the issue of loss reduction in distribution system. DGs have some advantages to replace capacitor banks in order to improve voltage profile and power loss. DGs can supply both real and reactive power. DGs can also keep the voltage at some buses in stable by adjusting reactive power smoothly and automatically. However, DGs also have some disadvantages such as coordination protection, high initial cost… This would be lead to a question that which option would be the best among all the alternatives available? Distributed Generation (DG) includes the application of small generators, typically ranging in capacity from few kW to as high as 10,000 kW, scattered throughout a power system, to provide the electric power needed by electrical customers[1]. Distributed Generation (DG) uses small-scale power generation technologies to generate electricity in close proximity to its utilization point. DG technology portfolios typically include small or micro hydro power plants, wind turbines, photovoltaic, fuel cells, reciprocating engines, combustion gas turbines and micro turbines. This study presents the methodology to find the best solution for improving voltage drops and power loss in distribution system. The first part presents a method using MATLAB software to develop a program that finds optimal DG sizes and the locations to take part in the distribution networks in order to improve voltage profile and minimize loss. The second part uses PSS/ADEPT software to find the optimal capacitor banks placement . voltage drops of the existing main primary distribution system of HPC. 2. To develop a program that find optimal DG size and location to minimize power loss and improving voltage profile in the. reciprocating engines, combustion gas turbines and micro turbines. This study presents the methodology to find the best solution for improving voltage drops and power loss in distribution system. The. Modeling system elements 18 3 .2. 1 Line Modeling 18 3 .2. 2 Load Modeling 19 3 .2. 3 Shunt Capacitor Modeling 20 3 .2. 4 Distributed Generation Modeling 20 3 .2. 5 Distribution Transformer 21 3 .2. 6 Network Indexing

Ngày đăng: 05/08/2014, 12:50

Nguồn tham khảo

Tài liệu tham khảo Loại Chi tiết
[1] Power Distribution Engineering, Fundamentals and Applications, James, J. Burke, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1994 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Power Distribution Engineering, Fundamentals and Applications
[4] Distributed Generation- The power paradigm for the new millennium, CRC. Anne-Marie Borbely Jan F. Kreider, 2001 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Distributed Generation- The power paradigm for the new millennium
[6] Capacitor placement for conservative voltage reduction on distribution feeders, Milosevic, B.; Begovic, M. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on On page(s): 1360- 1367, Volume: 19, Issue: 3, July 2004 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Capacitor placement for conservative voltage reduction on distributionfeeders
[7] A graph search algorithm for optimal placement of fixed and switched capacitors on radial distribution systems, Carlisle, J.C.; El-Keib, A.A.Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on On page(s): 423-428, Volume: 15, Issue: 1, Jan 2000 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: A graph search algorithm for optimal placement of fixed and switchedcapacitors on radial distribution systems
[8] Optimal capacitor placement in radial distribution networks, Gallego, R.A.; Monticelli, A.J.; Romero, R. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on On page(s): 630-637, Volume: 16, Issue: 4, Nov 2001 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Optimal capacitor placement in radial distribution networks
[9] Classification of capacitor allocation techniques, Ng, H.N.; Salama, M.M.A.; Chikhani, A.Y. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on On page(s): 387-392, Volume: 15, Issue: 1, Jan 2000 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Classification of capacitor allocation techniques
[10] Economic analysis of distribution capacitor additions for levelizing feeder voltage and voltage reductions, V. Mullis, B. Nekooie, and J.Bright, Georgia Power Rep., 1999 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Economic analysis of distribution capacitor additions for levelizingfeeder voltage and voltage reductions
[11] A new technique for optimal size and location of capacitor banks in the presence of harmonics and distortion. Elham, B., Makram, D.L, Warren, P. and Adam., 1995, Inter Journal, Electric Power System Research, 34:85-90 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: A new technique for optimal size and location of capacitor banks in thepresence of harmonics and distortion
[12] Optimal capacitor placement in distribution systems by genetic algorithm. Gary Boone and Hsiao-Dong Chiang, Electric Power &Energy System, Vol.15, No.3, 1993, 155-162 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Optimal capacitor placement in distribution systems by geneticalgorithm
[13] Optimal selection of capacitors for radial distribution systems using a genetic algorithm, S. Sundhararajan and A. Pahwa, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 9, pp. 1499–1507, Aug. 1994 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Optimal selection of capacitors for radial distribution systems using agenetic algorithm
[14] Voltage profile improvement by capacitor placement and control in unbalanced distribution systems using GA, K.-H. Kim and S.-K. You, in Proc. Power Eng. Soc. Summer Meeting, vol. 2, 1999, pp. 800–805 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Voltage profile improvement by capacitor placement and control inunbalanced distribution systems using GA
[15] Optimization of number, location, size, control type, and control setting of shunt capacitors on radial distribution feeders, M. Kaplan, IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-103, pp. 2659-2663, September 1984 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Optimization of number, location, size, control type, and control settingof shunt capacitors on radial distribution feeders", M. Kaplan, "IEEE
[16] Application of ESGA hybrid approach for voltage profile improvement by capacitor placement, Kyu-Ho Kim; Sang-Bong Rhee; Soo-Nam Kim Seok-Ku You Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on On page(s): 1516- 1522, Volume: 18, Issue: 4, Oct. 2003 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Application of ESGA hybrid approach for voltage profile improvementby capacitor placement
[22] Fuzzy approach for optimal placement and sizing of capacitor banks in the presence of harmonics, Masoum, M.A.S.; Jafarian, A.; Ladjevardi, M.; Fuchs, E.F.; Grady, W.M. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on On page(s): 822- 829, Volume: 19, Issue: 2, April 2004 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Fuzzy approach for optimal placement and sizing of capacitor banks inthe presence of harmonics
[23] Ant direction hybrid differential evolution for solving large capacitor placement problems, Ji-Pyng Chiou; Chung-Fu Chang; Ching-Tzong Su Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on On page(s): 1794- 1800, Volume:19, Issue: 4, Nov. 2004 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Ant direction hybrid differential evolution for solving large capacitorplacement problems
[26] IEA Publication, “Distributed Generation in Liberalized Electricity Market”, 2002, Retrieved February 4, 2005, from http://www.iea.org/dbtw-wpd/textbase/nppdf/free/2000/distributed2002.pdf Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Distributed Generation in Liberalized ElectricityMarket
[27] S. V. Kulkarni, P. Agalgaonkar, , S. A. Khaparde and S. A. Soman,“Placement and Penetration of Distributed Generation under Standard Market Design”, International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2004 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Placement and Penetration of Distributed Generation under StandardMarket Design
[28] J. M. Vignolo, “The Influence of Market Regulations in Development of Distributed Generation”, Retrieved February 10, 2005, from iie.fing.edu.uy/investigacion/ grupos/syspot/ TvsGD_iasted_formatted.pdf Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: The Influence of Market Regulations in Developmentof Distributed Generation
[31] G. Celli, E. Ghiani, S. Mocci, F. Pilo, “A Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm for the Sizing and Siting of Distributed Generation”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 750 – 757, May 2005 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: A Multiobjective EvolutionaryAlgorithm for the Sizing and Siting of Distributed Generation
[32] T. Aclermann, G. Andersson, L. Soder, “Distributed Generation: a Definition”, Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 195- 204, 2001 Sách, tạp chí
Tiêu đề: Distributed Generation: aDefinition

TỪ KHÓA LIÊN QUAN

TÀI LIỆU CÙNG NGƯỜI DÙNG

TÀI LIỆU LIÊN QUAN

w