PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ dùng để diễn đạt hai ý trái ngược trong cùng một câu.. PHRASES OF CONCESSION Cụ
Trang 1PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
(CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ) Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ dùng để diễn đạt hai ý trái ngược trong cùng một câu
I PHRASES OF CONCESSION
Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được bắt đầu bằng giới từ ‘In spite of’ hoặc ‘Despite’ (mang
nghĩa mặc dù, cho dù)
Cấu trúc :
In spite of
+ N/N phrase/Gerund phrase, Main clause Despite
Sau hai giới từ này phải là một danh từ, một cụm danh từ hoặc một V-ing
E.g Despite the cold weather, they enjoyed the picnic
Despite the fact that the weather was cold, they enjoyed the picnic
Despite the weather being cold, they enjoyed the picnic
In spite of his old age, he still leads an active life
-
Mệnh đề có ‘Despite’ hoặc ‘In spite of’ có thể được đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính Nếu đứng
trước mệnh đề chính, ta phải thêm dấu phẩy vào trước mệnh đề chính, nếu đứng sau mệnh đề chính, ta không cần thêm dấu phẩy
She couldn’t pass the exam despite studying hard
II CLAUSES OF CONCCESSION
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ là mệnh đề phụ chỉ sự tương phản của 2 hành động trong câu
Mệnh đề này thường bắt đầu với những từ nối : although, though, even though, no matter, whatever (dù, cho dù)
Cấu trúc :
Đằng sau 3 cụm từ này phải là một mệnh đề hoàn chỉnh (có cả chủ ngữ và động từ) Các mệnh đề này có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính Nếu đứng trước mệnh đề chính, ta phải thêm dấu phẩy vào trước mệnh đề chính, nếu đứng sau mệnh đề chính, ta không cần thêm dấu phẩy
E.g Although the weather was cold, they enjoyed the picnic.
Jane will be admitted to the university even though she has bad grades
Anna was fond of Jim though he often annoyed her
Nếu ‘though’ đứng một mình cuối câu, tách biệt bởi câu chính bởi dấu phẩy thì nó mang nghĩa tuy nhiên
He promised to call me, till now I haven’t received any call from him, though
2/ No matter + who/what/when/where/why/how (adj, adv) + S + V, main clause
Whatever (+N) + S + V, main clause
Mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng NO MATTER hoặc WHATEVER thường được đặt trước mệnh đề chính, mang
nghĩa ‘dù …… đi nữa’
1/
Although
+ S + V , Main clause Though
Even though
Trang 2E.g No matter how hard she tried, she couldn’t pass the exam
No matter what she says, I don’t believe her
………
Whatever jobs he chose, his parent were pleased with him
PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON
(CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ LÝ DO)
I PHRASES OF REASON
Cụm từ chỉ lý do thường được bắt đầu bằng từ nối : because of, owing to, due to, as a result
of, on account of
Cấu trúc :
Because of
+ N/N phrase/Gerund phrase, Main clause
Owing to Due to
On account of
As a result of
Các cụm từ này có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính, mang nghĩa là ‘vì, do’ Nếu đứng trước
mệnh đề chính, ta phải thêm dấu phẩy vào trước mệnh đề chính, nếu đứng sau mệnh đề chính, ta không cần thêm dấu phẩy
E.g Jan was worried because of the rain
Because of the traffic jam, the students arrived late
The project has to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding
Owing to his illness, he could not continue with his studies
She dies as a result of her injuries
II CLAUSES OF REASON
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do là một mệnh đề phụ chỉ lý do hoặc nguyên nhân của hành động được nêu trong mệnh đề chính
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do thường được nối với mệnh đề chính nhờ các từ nối như : because,
as, since (Lưu ý : ‘since’ và ‘as’ thường đặt ở đầu câu)
Cấu trúc :
Because/As/Since + S + V, main clause
E.g He came ten minutes late because he missed the first bus
As the weather was bad, they didn’t take part in the trip
EXERCISES
I Complete the sentences with although/ in spite of/ because/ because of
1 it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday
2 I couldn’t get to sleep the noise
3 I had an apple for lunch, I ate dinner early
4 A lot of things went wrong all our careful plans
Trang 35 She wasn’t wearing a coat it was quite cold
6 He only accepted the job the salary, which was very high
7 I went home early I was tired
8 I knew the truth, I decided not to tell them
9 Sarah can’t climb up the tree her fear of heights
10 We decided not to go out for a meal we had no money
II Rewrite the following sentences using the words provided without changing the meaning
1 It rained alot but we enjoyed our holiday (although)
2 Though we had planned carefully, alot of things went wrong (in spite of)
3 I managed to sleep despite the fact that there was alot of noise (although)
4 I couldn’t sleep well although I was very tired (despite)
5 They have very little money but they are very happy (in spite of )
6 Inspite of the silly story, I enjoyed the film.(although)
7 I was feeling well but I went home early (though)
8 I could get to sleep although it was noisy (despite)
9 He has a very important job, but he isn’t particularly well-paid (although)
10 Although the trafic was bad, I arrived on time (despite)
11 We went out inspite of the rain (Although)
12 Although I had all the necessary qualifications, I didn’t get the job (In spite of)
14 I had an umbrella but I got very wet in the rain (Even though)
15 Although my foot was injured, I managed to walk to the nearest village (in spite of)
16 She wasn’t wearing a coat although it was quite cold (despite)
17 Although I didn’t speak the language, I managed to make myself understand.(in spite of)
Trang 4
18 I didn’t recognise her although I’d met her twice before (despite)
19 Although I had never seen her before, I recognized her from a photograph (in spite of)
20 He took many pictures though the sky was cloudy (despite)
III Combine sentences, using clause or phrase of reason:
1 It's raining, so we stay at home
2 Most people hear jogging is a good exercise, so they begin to jog
3 The climate in the country is healthy, so people like to live here
4 A computer can be used for various purposes, so it becomes very popular nowadays
5 Tomorrow is a public holiday, so all the shops will be shut
IV Change clauses of reason to phrases:
1 Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick
2 She went to bed early because she felt tired
3.Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold
4 John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically
5 Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick
6 I like him because his father is kind to me
7 I can't eat these fruits because they are green
8 I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult
9 I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark
10 He came late because it rained heavily