Nl P Ei i tEltiP Ui it N uc l ear P ower E ng i neer i ng a t El ec t r i c P ower U n i vers it y Light Water Reactor Light Water Reactor - Concept - July 27 Second Period July 27 , Second Period YOSHIKAWA Kazuhiro YOSHIKAWA Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. Copyright © 2011 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 1 Nl P Ei i tEltiP Ui it N uc l ear P ower E ng i neer i ng a t El ec t r i c P ower U n i vers it y Contents Contents 1. Concept of Power Plant 2. Configuration of Nuclear Reactor 3. Feature of LWR (Light Water Reactor) 4. BWR and PWR 5. Plant Layout of LWR 6 Concept of Safety Design of LWR Copyright © 2011 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 2 6 . Concept of Safety Design of LWR Nl P Ei i tEltiP Ui it N uc l ear P ower E ng i neer i ng a t El ec t r i c P ower U n i vers it y 1 Gt St t Bil H t t ltiit? 1 . G enera t e St eam a t B o il e r and send it to Turbine. H ow t o genera t ee l ec t r i c it y ? Steam Turbine 2. Drive Turbine with the Steam’s pressure, then Electricity is generated by the Generator connected Generato r to the Turbine. 3. Condense the exhausted Condenser Water Steam to Water and send it back to the Boiler. Boiler Copyright © 2011 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 3 http://www.fepc.or.jp/learn/hatsuden/fire/sw_index_02/index.html back to the Boiler. Nl P Ei i tEltiP Ui it N uc l ear P ower E ng i neer i ng a t El ec t r i c P ower U n i vers it y H y droelectric Powe r Plant 水 の 落差 （ 位置 エ ネルギ ー ） を 利用 して 水車 ／ 発電機 を 回 す y Generate Electricity by the Potential Energy of the Water. 水 の 落差 （ 位置 ネルギ ） を 利用 して 水車 ／ 発電機 を 回 す スクリーン ダム Screen D Pt til E ダム 屋外機器 取水 塔 D am Transformer Intake T P o t en ti a l E nergy 鉄管弁 発電機 変圧器 制御室 スクリーン 塔 Ilt Vl Generator Transformer Main Control Room Discharge Screen T ower 鉄管 入口弁 水車 放水路 Steel Pipe I n l e t V a l ve Hydraulic Turbine Discharge Canal Copyright © 2011 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 4 Nl P Ei i tEltiP Ui it N uc l ear P ower E ng i neer i ng a t El ec t r i c P ower U n i vers it y Each type Each type uses steam to work Turbine and Generator Thermal Boiler Steam Power Plant Water Transformer Coal, Oil, Gas Turbine Generato r Nuclear Reacto r Steam Cd Nuclear Power Plant Water C on d ense r Circulation Sea Water Copyright © 2011 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 5 Nuclear Fission Feedwater Pump Circulation Pump Nl P Ei i tEltiP Ui it N uc l ear P ower E ng i neer i ng a t El ec t r i c P ower U n i vers it y Thermal Powe r &Nuclea r Powe r Thermal Power Plant Nuclear Power Plant Fl Cl Oil G Ui Pl t i F ue l C oa l , Oil o r G as. U ran i um, Pl u t on i um Fuel Supply Continuously supply Refuel once in 1 - 2 years Fuel Supply Continuously supply . Refuel once in 1 2 years . Steam Condition at Su p e r critical p ressure Saturation p ressure Turbine p p above 22MPa. p around 7MPa. Self-Regulating Fti f P No. Yes. F unc ti on o f P owe r Residual Heat after Shutdown No. Yes. (Decay Heat to be Copyright © 2011 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 6 Shutdown (Decay Heat to be removed) Nl P Ei i tEltiP Ui it N uc l ear P ower E ng i neer i ng a t El ec t r i c P ower U n i vers it y Contents Contents 1. Concept of Power Plant 2. Configuration of Nuclear Reactor 3. Feature of LWR (Light Water Reactor) 4. BWR and PWR 5. Plant Layout of LWR 6 Concept of Safety Design of LWR Copyright © 2011 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 7 6 . Concept of Safety Design of LWR Nl P Ei i tEltiP Ui it N uc l ear P ower E ng i neer i ng a t El ec t r i c P ower U n i vers it y LWR uses Enriched Uranium as a Fuel Natural Uranium U-238 U-235 Enrich Low Enriched Uranium Enrich U-238 U-235 Copyright © 2011 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 8 Nl P Ei i tEltiP Ui it N uc l ear P ower E ng i neer i ng a t El ec t r i c P ower U n i vers it y Nuclear Fi i Self - sustaining Chain Reaction Fi ss i on Energy Self sustaining Chain Reaction at Reactor Core : Critical Nuclear Fission Fission Product U - 235 Moderator (Light Water) Energy U-235 Thermal Neutron U - 235 Thermal Neutron (Low Energy) Moderator(Light Water) (Low Energy) E One Nuclear Fission (Low Energy) E nerg y Absorption generates two or three Neutrons. Copyright © 2011 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 9 U-238 Nl P Ei i tEltiP Ui it N uc l ear P ower E ng i neer i ng a t El ec t r i c P ower U n i vers it y How can we make the 1. More Uranium. Reactor Critical? 1. More Uranium. a. Fuel with Enriched U-235. b. Layout More Fuel in Reactor. 2. More Thermal Neutron. a. Use Neutron Moderator. 3. Reduce Neutron Absorption of U-238. a. Fuel with less U-238. b Md t M Nt b . M o d era t e M ore N eu t rons. 4. Reduce Neutron Leakage to Outside of Reactor. a. Larger Reactor. b. Use Neutron Moderator. Copyright © 2011 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 10 c. Locate Neutron Reflector around Reactor. [...]... Reactor Fuel Enriched U -2 3 5 Non enriched U -2 3 5 (Natural U 23 5) U -2 3 5) Enriched U -2 3 5 Coolant Light Water (H2O) Heavy Water (D2O) Helium Gas, Carbon Dioxide Gas etc Moderator Light Water (H2O) Heavy Water (D2O) Graphite Reflector Light Water (H2O) Heavy Water (D2O) Graphite Control Material Boron (B4C), Hf etc Boron (B4C), Boron (B4C) Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved... UAbsorption 23 5, and less Absorption by U -2 3 8 p y U -2 3 8 Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved 13 Nuclear P N l Power E i Engineering at Electric P i t El t i Power U i University it LWR is “Light Water-cooled, & Light Water-moderated Reactor” Light Water cooled, Water moderated Reactor LWR (Light Water Reactor Heavy Water Reactor Gas Cooled Reactor Fuel Enriched U -2 3 5 Non... Energy) Void Fraction; High U -2 3 5 Nuclear Fission Fast Neutron (High Energy) U -2 3 5 No Interaction Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved 17 17 Nuclear P N l Power E i Engineering at Electric P i t El t i Power U i University it Doppler Effect •Distribution of U -2 3 8 Absorption Possibility depends on its Temperature •When Fuel Temperature is high, U -2 3 8 will absorb the Neutrons... Reduce the number of Neutrons by Absorption Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved 12 Nuclear P N l Power E i Engineering at Electric P i t El t i Power U i University it Nuclear Fission Fi i Enriched U -2 3 5 increase the potential of Nuclear Fission Fission Product Nuclear Fission Energy Moderator (Light Water) U -2 3 5 U -2 3 5 Thermal Neutron (Low Energy) Energy E Control Rods... Void Effect related thi P l t d this Process Fission Product Nuclear Fission Energy Moderator (Light Water) U -2 3 5 U -2 3 5 Thermal Neutron (Low Energy) Thermal Neutron (Low Energy) Moderator(Light Water) Energy E Absorption U -2 3 8 Doppler Effect related this Process Process Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved 16 Nuclear P N l Power E i Engineering at Electric P i t El t i... will be reduced d d Cross Section(barn) •U -2 3 8 absorbs high energy Neutrons (Fast Neutrons) Neutron Energy (eV) U -2 3 8 Absorption Cross Section Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved 18 18 Nuclear P N l Power E i Engineering at Electric P i t El t i Power U i University it Self Regulating g g Process of LWR Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved... Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved 21 Nuclear P N l Power E i Engineering at Electric P i t El t i Power U i University it Contents 1 Concept of Power Plant 2 Configuration of Nuclear Reactor 3 Feature of LWR (Light Water Reactor) 4 BWR and PWR 5 Plant Layout of LWR 6 6 Concept of Safety Design of LWR Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved 22 Nuclear... © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved 28 Nuclear P N l Power E i Engineering at Electric P i t El t i Power U i University it Typical Plant Layout of LWR Stack Primary Containment Vessel Main Steam Line Turbine Circulation Pump Reactor Pressure Vessel Reactor Building Turbine Building Condenser Feedwater Line Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved 29 ... Circulation Pump Pressure Suppression Pool Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved 23 Nuclear P N l Power E i Engineering at Electric P i t El t i Power U i University it PWR：Pressurized Water Reactor PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) Has 2 Loops Loops Primary Loop make Heated Light Water and Water, generates Steam at Steam Generator 2ndary Loop sends it to Turbine Primary Containment... Cycle and In-direct Cycle 5 Plant Layout of LWR y • Reactor Building, Turbine Building, etc 6 Concept of Safety Design of LWR • Defense in Depth Shutdown Cool down and Contain Depth, Shutdown, down, Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd All Rights Reserved 34 Nuclear P N l Power E i Engineering at Electric P i t El t i Power U i University it Light Water Reactor -C Concept t July 27 , Second . Enriched U -2 3 5 Non enriched U -2 3 5 (Natural U 23 5) Enriched U -2 3 5 (Natural U - 23 5) Coolant Light Water (H2O) Heavy Water (D2O) Helium Gas, Carbon Dioxide Gas etc. Moderator Light Water (H2O) Heavy. U n i vers it y LWR uses Enriched Uranium as a Fuel Natural Uranium U -2 3 8 U -2 3 5 Enrich Low Enriched Uranium Enrich U -2 3 8 U -2 3 5 Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 8 Nl P Ei. Light Water makes more (Low Energy) E nerg y Absorption Control Rods absorb Water makes more Nuclear Fission of U- 23 5, and less A bsor p tion b y U -2 3 8. Copyright © 20 11 Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 13 U -2 3 8 Control Rods absorb Neutrons. p y Nl