BÀI TẬP Mệnh đề quan hệ MDQH là mệnh đề phụ, được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó.. MDQH được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT ho
Trang 1BÀI TẬP Mệnh đề quan hệ
MDQH là mệnh đề phụ, được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó
MDQH được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT hoặc các phó từ quan hệ WHEN, WHERE, WHY
MDQH đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa
I Cách dùng:
1, WHO: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, đứng ngay sau danh từ chỉ người và làm chủ ngữ trong MDQH
Eg: The man is my father He is watching TV in the room
The man who is watching TV in the room is my father
2, WHOM: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người và làm tân ngữ trong MDQH
Eg: The woman is my aunt You saw her yesterday
The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt
3, WHICH: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật làm chủ ngữ hoặc làm tân ngữ trong MDQH
Eg: This is the book I like it best
This is the book which I like best
The hat is mine It is red
The hat which is red is mine
4, THAT: thay thế cho người, vật; làm chủ từ, tân ngữ trong MĐQH
Ex: - I need to meet the boy that is my friend’s son
- The woman that is standing over there is my sister
- I know the girl that I spoke to
- The man that your father is talking to is my teacher
- She works for a company that makes cars
- The elephants that people keep in iron cages are big
5 WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-)
Ex: - John found the cat Its leg was broken
John found the cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken
- This is the student I borrowed his book
This is the student whose book I borrowed
6 WHERE: là phó từ quan hệ, thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn: there, at that place
Ex: - The movie theater is the place We can see films at that place
The movie theater is the place where we can see films
7 WHY: là phó từ quan hệ ,thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do: for that reason
Ex: - Tell me the reason You are so sad for that reason
Tell me the reason why you are so sad
8 WHEN: là phó từ quan hệ, thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian: then, at that time, on that day
Ex: - Do you remember the day We first met on that day
Do you remember the day when we first met?
II Phân loại: Có 2 loại MDQH
1 MDQH xác định: Là mệnh đề cần thiết vì có chức năng xác định cho danh từ đứng trước, không có nó câu
sẽ không đủ nghĩa
Eg: The man is Mr Green He keeps the school library
The man who keeps the library is Mr Green
That is the book I like it best
That is the book which I like best
Trang 22 MDQH không xác định:là mệnh đề không cần thiết vì danh từ nó bổ nghĩa đã được xác định, không có nó
câu vẫn đủ nghĩa
- Được ngăn cách với MD chính bắng các dấu phẩy Trước danh từ thường có “this, that, these, those và các tính từ sở hữu hoặc danh từ nó bổ nghĩa là danh từ riêng.”
Eg: That woman is Mrs Pike You saw her yesterday
That woman, whom you saw yesterday, is MRs Pike
This is Mrs Jones She helped me last week
This is Mrs Jones, who helped me last week
* Note: Không dùng “THAT” trong MDQH không xác định
III Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ đi kèm: (WHOM/WHICH)
* Trong MDQH, khi đại từ QH làm tân ngữ của giới từ thì ta có thể đặt giới từ lên trước ĐTQH
Ex: - The man speaks English very fast I talked to him last night
The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast
- The house is for sale I was born in it
The house in which I was born is for sale
* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ
The house in that I was born is for sale
IV OF WHICH / OF WHOM:
Ex: - Daisy has three brothers All of them are teachers
Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers
- He asked me a lot of questions I couldn’t answer most of them
He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer
V Reduced forms of relative clause (Rút gọn MDQH)
* V trong MDQH ở thể chủ động Ving (bỏ đại từ QH và trợ V, đưa V chính về dạng nguyên thể + ING)
Eg: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle
The man sitting next to you is my uncle
- Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?
Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?
* V trong MDQH ở thể bị động PII (bỏ đại từ QH, và trợ V, thay bằng PII)
Eg: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting
The book written by To Hoai are interesting
- The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy
The students punished by the teacher are lazy
* To Infinitive được dùng:
- sau the first/second…the last/only và sau so sánh nhất
Eg: The first man that we must see is Tom
The first man to see is Tom
- The first man that was seen is Tom
The first man to be seen is Tom
- khi diễn đạt mục đích hoặc sự cho phép
Eg: She had something that she had to do
She had something to do
* Lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ khi: MDQH xác định + đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ + không có giới tù đứng trước nó
Eg: I like the diamond ring which Mary is wearing
I like the diamond ring Mary is wearing
Trang 3VI Practice:
A Combine 2 sentences by using relative pronouns or relative adverb:
1 This is Mrs Johnson Her son won the championship last year
2 Please post these letters I wrote them this morning
3 Is this the style of hair? Your wife want to have it
4 A man answered the phone He said Tom was out
5 The girl turned out to be an enemy spy He trusted her absolutely
6 This is the house We often stay in this house in the summer
7 That was the time He managed the enterprise at that time
8 I never forget the park We met each other for the first time at this didn’park
9 You didn’t twll us the reason We had to cut down our daily expenses for that reason
10 I do not know the reason She left school for it
B Reduce relative clause:
1 The boy who is playing the piano is Ben
2 The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood
3 Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many perfumes
4 The students don’t know how to do the exercises which were given by the teacher yesterday
5 Mr Jackson, who teaches my son, is my neighbour
6 They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the government
7 John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain
8 The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light
9 The first person that we must see is Mr Smith
10 This is the second person who was killed in that way
C Omission of relative pronouns:
1 Are these the keys that you are looking for?
2 The girl who we are going to see is from Britain
3 He works for the company that makes cars
4 What was the name of the man who you met yesterday?
5 The table that was broken has now been repaired
D Relative pronouns with preposition:
1 She is the woman I told you about her
2 The song was interesting We listened to it last night
3 The man was very kind I talked to him yesterday
4 The movie is fantastic They are talking about it
5 The picture was beautiful She was looking at it
6 I’ll give you the address You should write to it
7 The woman teaches me English I am telling you about her