BÀITẬP VỀ MỆNHĐỀQUANHỆ (RELATIVE CLAUSES) RELATIVE CLAUSE Mệnhđềquan hệ(relative clause) gọi mệnhđề tính ngữ(adjective clause) mệnhđề phụ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước (tiền ngữ) Mệnhđềquanhệ nối với mệnhđề đại từ quanhệ (relative pronoun) WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT trạng từ quanhệ (relative adverbs) WHERE, WHEN, WHY.Mệnh đềquanhệ đứng sau danh từ mà bổ nghĩa I/ Cách dùnh đại từ quanhệ trạng từ quanhệ : 1.WHO: đại từ quanhệ người, làm chủ ngữ Ex: The man who is standing over there is Mr Pike 2.WHOM: đại từ quanhệ người, làm tân ngữ Ex: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt Whom làm tân ngữ lượt bỏ mệnhđềquanhệ Ex: The boy we are looking for is Tom 3.WHICH: đại từ quanhệ vật, làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau Ex: This is the book which I like best Which tân ngữ lượt bỏ mệnhđềquanhệ Ex: this is the book I like best THAT: đại từ quanhệ người lẫn vật That dùng thay cho Who, whom, which Ex: That is the book that/which I like best My father is the person that/whom I admire most Các trường hợp bắt buộc dùng THAT -Khi di sau tiền tố hỗn hợp (gồm người lẫn vật Ex: I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park -Khi sau hình thức so sánh Ex: she is the nicest woman that I’ve ever met -Khi sau đại từ everything/one, something/one, anything/one, nothing/one, all, little, much, none…và sau It is/ was… Ex: I have said all that I want to say Các trường hợp không dùng THAT: -Không dùng That mệnhđề không giới hạn Ex:The “Romeo and Juliet”, which (that)I borrowed from you, is an interesting book -Không dùng THAT để thay cho WHOSE Ex: the person whose(that) opinion I respect most is my father WHOSE: đại từ quanhệ sở hữu, đứng sau danh từ người vật thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ Whose ln ln kèm với danh từ Ex: The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom II/ Phân loại mệnhđềquanhệ Defining relative clause (mệnh đềquanhệ giới hạn) Mệnhđề giới hạn mệnhđề cần thiết làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đại từ quanhệ mà lược bỏ mệnhđề danh từ khơng hiểu rõ Ví dụ: - The woman who is standing over there is my sister - The book which you lent me was very interesting - The couple whose divorce was in the newspapers have got married again Trong mệnhđề hạn định đại từ quanhệ that dùng để thay cho who(m), which - The woman who / that is standing over there is my sister - The woman whom / that you met yesterday is my sister - The book which / that you lent me was very interesting - The book which / that is on the table is mine Có thể lược bỏ đại từ quanhệ làm tân ngữ mệnhđềquanhệ hạn định - The woman whom / that you met yesterday is my sister The woman you met yesterday is my sister - The book which / that you lent me was very interesting The book you lent me was very interesting Non-defining clauses (Mệnh đề không hạn định) Mệnhđề không hạn định mệnhđề bổ sung thêm ý nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ, bỏ mệnhđề danh từ xác định nhờ vào số yếu tố sau: + Danh từ đứng trước đại từ quanhệ tên riêng (proper name) - Lan, who lives next door to me, is very pretty - Bill Clinton, whose wife is a lawyer, became President of the USA in 1993 + Danh từ đứng trước đại từ quanhệ danh từ riêng (proper noun) - Swimming, which is a good sport, makes our body strong + Danh từ đứng trước đại từ quanhệ theo sau tính từ sở hữu (possessive pronouns / case: my, your, his, her, Mary's, ) - My / Mai's sister, who studies with yours, speaks English very well + Danh từ đứng trước đại từ quanhệ theo sau tính từ định demonstrative adjectives: this, that, these, those) - We study at this school, which used to be a small market Mệnhđề không hạn định ngăn cách với mệnhđề dấu phẩy (,) Đại từ quanhệ that không dùng để thay cho who(m), which mệnhđề không hạn định sau giới từ Relative pronouns with prepositions Khi đại từ quanhệ với giới từ làm chức tân ngữ (object) cho giới từ Giới từ đứng trước đại từ quanhệ đứng cuối mệnhđề (Trong văn phong trang trọng giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ.) Đại từ quanhệ làm tân ngữ cho giới từ bỏ giới từ phải giữ lại đứng cuối mệnhđề Giới từ không đứng trước THAT mệnhđềquanhệ hạn định * Chúng ta xem số ví dụ: She is the woman I told you about her - She is the woman about whom I told you - She is the woman who(m) I told you about - She is the woman that I told you about - She is the woman Ø I told you about The music was wonderful We listened to it last night - The music to which we listened last night was wonderful - The music which we listened to last night was wonderful - The music that we listened to last night was wonderful - The music Ø we listened to last night was wonderful Relative adverbs Trạng từ quanhệ when, where, why dùng để giới thiệu mệnhđềquan hệ, làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ thời gian, nơi chốn, lý đứng trước nó, giữ chức trạng từ Chúng ta xem ví dụ đây: - I'll never forget the day I met you on that day I'll never forget the day when / on which I met you - The town is very beautiful I was born and grew up there The town where / in which I was born and grew up is very beautiful - I don't know the reason He refused such a good job for the reason I don't know the reason why / for which he refused such a good job * Lưu ý: + in / on / at + which (for place) = where in / on / at + which (for time) = when for + which (for reason) = why + When lược bỏ câu I'll never forget the day when I met you IV/ Dạng rút gọn mệnhđềquanhệ 1.Mệnh đềquanhệ rút gọn cách dùng cụm phân từ (participle phrase): a present participle phrase: V-ing b past participle phrase: V-ed/3 -Nếu động từ mệnhđềquanhệ thể chủ động (active), ta dùng cụm phân từ thay cho mệnhđề (bỏ đại từ quanhệ trợ động từ, đưa động từ nguyên mẫu thêm –ing) Ex1: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle The man sitting next to you is my uncle Ex2: Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night? Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night? -Nếu động từ mệnhđềquanhệ thể bị động (passive), ta dùng cụm phân từ khứ thay cho mệnhđề (bỏ đại từ quanhệ trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ V-ed/3) Ex: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting The books written by To Hoai are interesting Mệnhđềquanhệ rút gọn cách dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có to (to-infinitive) cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (for + O + to-inf) Ex1: English is an important language which we have to master English is an important language to master Ex2: I am always the first who come and the last who leave I am always the first to come and the last to leave rút gọn cách dùng động nguyên mẫu có to trước danh từ thường có cụm từ thứ tự, (the first, second, third…the last, the only…)hoặc mục đích, so sánh EXERCISE I : Write who, that, which, or nothing to complete these sentences : Have you got the money _ I lent you yesterday ? 2.Peter, _ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party This is the machine _ cost half a million pounds Mary, _ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry Have you read the book _ I gave you ? The hous, _ they bought three months ago, looks lovely Mrs.Jackson, _ had been very ill, died yesterday Is this the person _ stole your handbag ? The dog, _ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking 10 I didn’t receive the letters _ she sent me 11 My mother, _ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised 12 The old man, had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the building 13 The horse, _ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened 14 We didn’t like the secetary _ the agency sent 15 I didn’t find the money _ you said you’d left EXERCISE II : Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns : This is the man I met him in Paris _ I wanted the painting You bought it _ This is the chair My parents gave it to me _ She’s the woman She telephoned the police _ He’s the person He wanted to buy your house _ We threw out the computer It never worked properly This is the lion It’s been ill recently _ The man was badly injured He was driving the car _ The children broke the window They live in the next street _ 10 That’s the woman I was telling you about her EXERCISE IV: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER: 1) The book I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive A who B whose C that D B & C are correct 2) What’s the name of the blonde girl just came in? A who B whose C whom D A & B are correct 3) I don’t like people lose their tempers easily A who B whose C that D A & C are correct 4) Mexico City, has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the world A which B whose C that D A & B are corre 5) This is Henry, sister works for my father A who B whose C that D.All are correct 6) He’s the man people like at first sight A who B whom C that D A & C are correct 7) Could you iron the trousers are hanging up behind the door? A who B which C that D B & C are correct 8) Where is the girl sells tickets? A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct 9) The man we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct 10) The artist name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen A who B whose C that D A & C are correct 11) Frank invited Janet, he had met in Japan, to the party A who B whose C that D A & C are correct 12 The girl design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award A whose B whom C that D which 13) I need to find a painting will match the rest of my room A whose B whom C who D which 14) There are too many poor people not have enough to eat in the world A whose B whom C who D which 15) The trees have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden A whose B whom C who D which 16) The teacher teaches us French is coming today A whom B who C that D B & C are correct 17) What’s the music to you are listening? A whose B which C that D B & C are correct 18) I don’t like the stories have unhappy endings A who B which C that D B & C are correct 19) The students don’t have library cards can’t borrow books from the library A who B which C whom D A & C are correct 20) Betty is the most intelligent girl I have ever met A who B whom C that D All are correct 21) Do you know the music is being played on the radio? A who B which C that D B & C are correct 22) This channel often shows the cartoons of the children are very fond A whom B which C that D B & C are correct 23) The dress she bought last week doesn’t fit her well A whom B which C whose D B & C are correct 24) Do you know a shop sells good coffee? A which B that C whose D A & B are correct 25) The teacher punished the student was naughty A whom B who C which D A & B are correct 26) She fell in love with a man was from another country A who B whom C which D whose 27) I like to write to friends are living far away from me A who B whom C that D A & C are correct 28) I bought some pencils are in different colours A whose B which C that D B & C are correct 29) She ate an apple was still green A who B which C whose D whom 30) This is my beloved school I studied when I was young A which B that C where D A & B are correct 31) Here’s the paper you need A whom B that C who D whose 32) The woman has been arrested lives in an apartment A that B which C whom D A & C are correct 33) The teacher notices the students often come to class late A that B which C who D A & C are correct 34) The house in I was born is for sale A which B whom C that D A & C are correct 35) That is the chair he used to sit on for meals A which B whose C that D A & C are correct 36) What is the picture you are looking at? A which B when C whose D A & C are correct 37) In the middle of the village, there is a well from the villagers take water to drink A that B which C whom D A & B are correct 38) There is a NO PARKING sign I did not take notice of A that B which C who D A & B are correct 39) I must thank the people I got the present from A who B whom C that D All are correct 4o) Do you know the doctor for I send? A whom B that C who D All are correct 41) The man about I was telling you is standing over there A who B that C whom D All are correct 42) The woman Ann must take care of is very poor and old A whom B that C who D All are correct 43) This is the man to I gave some money this morning A who B whom C that D All are correct 44) This is the result of our work I’m pleased with A that B whose C which D A & C are correct 45) The problem in we are very interested has been discussed in class A that B whom C which D A & C are correct 46) The boy you made fun of yesterday is my cousin A who B whom C that D All are correct 47)Ann, lives next door, is very friendly A who B whom C that D All are correct 48) We went to Sandra’s party, we enjoyed very much A which B whom C that D who 49) John, I have known for a very long time, is one of my closest friends A whose B whom C that D B & C are correct 50) Sheila, job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot A whose B whom C that D which 51) This new stadium, can hold 90,000 people, will be opened next month A that B whose C which D A & B are correct VIII: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER: That’s my friend, _ comes from Japan A which B who C whom D where The plants which in the living room need a lot of water A are B be C is D was She’s the woman _ sister looks after the baby for us A who B which C that’s D whose That’s the doctor for Cliff works A that B which C whom D whose Marie, I met at the party, called me last night A that B whom C which D whose I remember Alice, rode the bus to school with A I B whom I C which I D who I used to enjoy the summer, we had a big family picnic A where B when C which D that Tell me about the city you grew up A that B where C which D ø Anna found the book that wanted at the bookshop A ø B where C she D which 10 Please remember to take back to the library all the books are due this week A ø B that C when D they 11 He likes the dress Huong is wearing it A He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it B He likes the dress Huong is wearing it C He likes the dress who Huong is wearing D He likes the dress Huong is wearing 12 Most of the classmates couldn't come He invited them to the birthday party A Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come B Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come C Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come D Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come 13 What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning A What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning? B What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning? C What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning? D What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning? 14 The church is over 500 years old Our class visited it last summer A The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old B The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old C The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old D The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old 15 The song says about the love of two young stdents She is singing the song A The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents B The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents C The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing D The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it ... C when D they 11 He likes the dress Huong is wearing it A He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it B He likes the dress Huong is wearing it C He likes the dress who Huong is wearing D He. .. two young stdents B The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents C The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing D The song says about the love of... mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định * Chúng ta xem số ví dụ: She is the woman I told you about her - She is the woman about whom I told you - She is the woman who(m) I told you about - She is the woman