Bài giảng về Preposition

 KINDS OF PREPOSITIONS Prepositions of place and position  Prepositions of movement  Other uses of prepositions PREPOSITIONS... Prepositions of place and position: * Prepositions s

 KINDS OF PREPOSITIONS

 Prepositions of place and position

 Prepositions of movement

 Other uses of prepositions

PREPOSITIONS

I  Prepositions of place and position:

* Prepositions show position

 Ex:

Ted was sitting next to Janet.

The bank is opposite the cinema.

* Prepositions also show place

 Ex:

I’m sitting in the room.

Sue lives on an island.

II Prepositions of movement:

* Prepositions used with verbs of motion

(come, go, run, …) to show the direction of the movement.

 Ex:

Jan ran out of the room.

* Other examples: to, into, across, around, up, down, …

III Other Uses:

1 Prepositions are also used in time

expressions:

Prepositions also used in time expressions: at, on, in,

before, after, during, till, for, …

 Ex: During my absence, they have done so many evils

 Notes: FOR and DURING indicate duration of time

2 Prepositions also cover a wide range

of meanings:

 Ex:

This book is about Napoleon

I cannot drink tea without sugar

I AT and TO:

 TO is often used with verbs of motion

 Ex:

- That airplane flies to Japan

- We decide to go to the museum

- They moved the table to the corner

 

 AT cannot be used with verbs of motion

 Ex:

- The train will stop at Manchester

- They arrived at the cinema at last

- He will meet his friends at the party

II NEAR and NEXT TO:

 NEXT TO: means “beside”

 Ex:

- John is the boy who stands next to the door

- The bookshop is next to the supermarket

  N

E T

X O

T

 NEAR : + means “not far away from”

+ can be a matter of opinion

+ relies on each person’s view

 Ex:

- My birthday is very near Christmas

- The supermarket is very near the station

 III ABOVE and OVER:

Both mean “higher than”

- There is something written above / over the door.

- They built a new room above / over the tree.

 ABOVE is used in comparison with a stable object.

 Ex:

There is a plane above the clouds

The bridge is 160 feet above the sea level

 OVER is used to suggest closeness or touching

 Ex:

He put a blanket over the sleeping child

They spread the map over the table

IV IN and AT: Places

 IN refers to towns, countries and the “inside” of places.

 Ex:

- They live in England.

- Yesterday she was in the city.

- My sister is in the garden now.

 AT refers to points with a particular purpose rather than

“inside”

 Ex:

- She lives at home

- He met her at the park

V Prepositions at the end of a sentence:

 Ex:

What are you seeking for?

It’s quite a hard problem to deal with!

That‘s the man whom I am waiting for

- Can be found in questions, infinitive clauses, relative clauses, …

- Usually go with verb

Question

Infinitive Relative Clause

VI Other uses :

1 Some prepositions can be used as adverbs without an object

Ex:

- There's a man with a dog sitting opposite

- I can't see anyone around

2 There are many fixed phrases containing prepositions, such as: by mistake, on purpose, out of order, …

 Ex:

- Your guitar sounds awful! It seems to be out of tune

- My Ferrari crashed into the lamp-post by mistake