Adverbs of frequency: [ always,usually often,sometimes, occasionally, rarely sedom, never ] +Chức năng: diển tả hành động theo thói quen hàng ngày, thường dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn Ex :We
Trang 1HƯỚNG DẪN ÔN TẬP MÔN ANH VĂN LỚP 9-HỌC K Ỳ II
A Lý thuyết
I Wish- sentences:
S + wish + S + V-qk “be” đc chia là “were” với mọi chủ
ngữ Eg: I wish I were 5 years younger than him
She wishes she didn’t have to walk to school everyday
*Note: If only = I wish
Eg:I wish/ If only I were 5 years younger than him
II.Adjectives and adverbs:
1.Adjectives:
+ Chức năng :dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ hoặc đại từ
Ex : Lan is a naughty girl She strange talk to her friends
+ Vị trí: Đứng trước danh từ, đứng sau ( to be)
Ex: Mai is an excellent student She is very good
2 Adverbs:
a Adverbs of frequency:
[ always,usually often,sometimes, occasionally, rarely ( sedom), never ] +Chức năng: diển tả hành động theo thói quen hàng ngày, thường dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn
Ex :We usually go to Da Lat in the summer
+ Vị trí : đứng trước động từ thường , đứng sau ( to be)
Ex: You never believe me You are always angry with me
b Adverbs of manner:
[ Được cấu tạo từ một tính từ thêm đuôi “ LY”]
+ Một sô tính từ thường dùng :
+ Chức năng: diển tả mức độ hành động , bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường
+ Vị trí : đứng sau động từ thường
Lan is a good student She studies very well
c.Adverb clause of reasons:
+ Mệnh đề phó từ chỉ lý do là mệnh đề phụ để trả lời câu hỏi với ( Why?) , mệnh đề
này thường bắt đàu bằng các liên từ :
[ As , because , since , Seeing that ] + S + Verb
Trang 2Ex : Lan didn’t go to class yesterday because she was very sick
III.Adjectives + that – clause : ( Tính từ đặt sau là một mệnh đề danh từ )
S + BE + Adjective + that + S + Verb
Ex : I am happy that you won the first prize in English speaking contest
IV.Connectives : ( Từ nối câu)
1 Coordinating conjunctions ( liên từ kết hợ)
+ AND : nối thêm ý vào mêựnh đề trước nó
+ BUT : đưa ra một ý tương phản với mệnh đề trước nó
+ FOR : đưa ra một lý do giải thích cho hành động ở mệnh đềø trước
+ OR : nối lên sự lựa chọn
+ SO : đề cập đến kết quả của hồng động ở mệnh đề trước
Ex: - Lan is sick and she can not go to school
but she can go to school for she was in the rain all day
or she is not fine today
so she has to stay in bed
2 Transition words: ( Từ chuyển ý) – dùng để nối 2 ý liên quan lại với nhau
+ Moreover - Furthermore ( hơn nữa): Dùng để thêm thông tin cho ý thứ nhất
Ex: This bike is very beautiful ; moreover , it wasn’t expensive
+ However - Nevertheless : ( mặc dù , tuy vậy ) dùng để diển tả ý ngược với ý thứ nhất Ex: The weather is very beautiful today ; however , I don’t like to go for a picnic + Therefore – Thus : ( vì vậy) nói lên kết quả của ý thứ nhất
Ex: the weather was too bad ; therefore, we decided not to go for a picnic
V Making Suggestion: ( Cách nói câu đề nghị )
a S + Suggest + V-ing
Ex: I suggest going to the restaurant
b S Suggest + that + S + should + V ( Infinitive)
Ex: I suggest that we should go to the restaurant
c Why don’t we + V ( infinitive) …?
Ex: Why don’t we go to the restaurant ?
d Shall we / Let’s + V ( Infinitive )
Ex: Shall we go to the restaurant ? + = Let’s go to the restaurant
e What about / How about + V- ing ?
Ex : What about going to the restaurant ? = How about going to the restaurant ?
VI Adverb clause of concession: ( Mệnh đề phó từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ )
*Although/ Though/ Even though + Clause = Despite/In spite of + Cụm danh từ / v-ing
Eg: - Although it rained heavily, he went to school = Despite/In spite of the heavy rain, he went
to school
- Though she had a bad cold, she went to school = Despite/In spite of her bad cold, she went
to school
Trang 3VII Dạng của động từ
1 To- infinitive
- Sau các động từ: arrange, want, need, intend (có ý định), decide, try (cố gắng), expect (mong
muốn), hope, mean, promise, agree (đồng ý), refuse(từ chối), wish(mong muốn), plan, seem, learn, prefer(thích hơn)
Eg: I hope to see you soon
- Sau adj
Eg: I am pleased to receive your letter
- Sau enough, too
Eg: The weather was too cold for me to go out
- Sau một số động tư + O: ask, tell, request(yêu cầu), advice/advise, want, invite, order(ra lệnh),
teach, urge(dục), encourage(khuyến khích), remind(nhắc nhở),
Eg: I urged him to run as fast as possible
- Sau: make trong câu bị động (Trong câu chủ động ta dùng động từ nguyên thể không có “to”)
Eg: He made her give him the money
She was made to give him the money by him
- Sau: see, hear, watch, notice trong câu bị động khi ở câu chủ động là động từ nguyên thể không “to”
Eg: They heard him open the door
He was heard to open the door
- Sau các từ: How, what, where, when, who, which
Eg: I don’t know where to buy a stamp
- Sau: Would you like, I’d (would) like, I’d (would) love
Eg: I’d like to speak to Mr Ha
- Làm chủ ngữ của câu
Eg: To play in the rain is very interesting
- Chỉ mục đích
Eg: He went to France to learn French: để học tiếng Pháp
They stopped to ask the way: để hỏi đường
2 Bare infinitive:
- Sau động từ khuyết thiếu: can, may, must, had better, ought to, used to, would rather
-Eg: You ought to take the asprin
- Sau: let, make(trong câu chủ động)
Eg: They let him go
- Sau have + sb : nhờ ai làm gì
Eg: He had a man carry his bag
- Sau những động từ chỉ hoạt dộng của các giác quan: feel, hear, see, watch, smell… (khi chủ ngữ chứng kiến cả quá trình hành động đc diễn tả bởi đt theo sau)
Eg: I saw him walk in the park (nhìn thấy cả quá trình đi bộ của anh ta-từ khi vào cho đến khi ra khỏi công viên)
I saw him walking in the park: Tôi nhìn thấy anh ta đang đi trong CV(chỉ nhìn thấy một phần của hành động đang xảy ra)
3 V-ing ( Gerund )
Trang 4- Sau các động từ: like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, finish, stop, give up(từ bỏ) avoid(tránh), mind, keep=continue(liên tục, tiếp tục), practice/practise(luyện tập), miss(lỡ), deny(từ chối), suggest(đề nghị)
Eg: He disliked (me/my) working late
- Sau một số cấu trúc: be/become/get + used to, look forward to(mong đợi), spend +
time/money(dành tg/tiền để làm gì), waste + time/money(lãng phí tg/tiền vào việc gì), be busy, prefer to (thích làm gì hơn làm gì)
Eg: He spends most of his time playing computer games
- Sau các giới từ: in, on, at, of, by, with, without
Eg: She is interested in jogging in the morning
*Note:
- Help sb (to) do sth: giúp ai làm gì
- Một số động từ đc theo sau bởi cả hai dạng “to do” và “doing” mà không thay đổi về nghĩa: Begin, start, continue(tiếp tục)
Eg: I began to learn/learning E two years ago
- Stop doing sth: dừng, thôi không làm việc gì
Eg: He stopped smoking
- Stop to do sth: Dừng lại để làm gì
Eg: He stopped to smoke: Anh ta dừng lại để hút thuốc lá
- Remember to do sth: nhớ sẽ phải làm gì (hđ đc diễn tả bởi remember là hđ xảy ra trước)
- Remember doing sth: nhớ đã làm gì (hđ đc diễn tả bởi remember là hđ xảy ra sau)
Eg: Did you remember to turn off the lights when you left?
I remember writing down her phone number but I can’t find it anywhere
- Forget to do sth: quên không làm gì (hđ đc diễn tả bởi forget là hđ xảy ra trước)
- Forget doing sth: quên đã làm việc gì ( hđ đc diễn tả bởi forget là hđ xảy ra sau - thường sử dụng trong câu phủ định)
Eg: I forgot to lock the door : Tôi đã quên không khoá cửa (Sự thật là cửa đã không đc khoá)
I will never forget waiting for him hours at the school gate
- It + take + sb + time + to do sth: ai đó mất bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì
Eg: It takes him five minutes to walk to school everyday
It took me two hours to drive to HN yesterday
VIII Mệnh đề quan hệ
1
Defining relative clauses
Là MĐ có tác dụng giới hạn nghĩa, làm rõ nghĩa cho N đứng trước Nó không thể đc bỏ đi, vì nếu bỏ nó đi thì người đọc, người nghe sẽ không hiểu N đó nói đến ai, cái gì
_ ĐTQH thay cho N chỉ người:
- Làm chủ ngữ: who/that
Eg: The man who/that gave you the money is her father
Trang 5- Làm tân ngữ cho đông từ: whom/that (Có thể bỏ các ĐT này đi mà nghĩa của câu vẫn không thay đổi)
Eg: The woman (whom/that) you met yesterday is his mother
- Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ: Whom (Không sd who, that)
Eg: The man to whom I spoke is my teacher
The man to who/that I spoke is my teacher (sai)
- Làm TTSH: whose
Eg: This is the man His car was stolen
This is the man whose car was stolen
_ ĐTQH thay cho N chỉ vật
- Làm chủ ngữ: which/that
Eg: This is the book which/that is about wild animals
- Làm tân ngữ cho động từ: which/that (Có thể bỏ đi)
Eg: The book (which/that) you gave me is on the table
- Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ: which (Không sd “that”)
Eg: I often visit the house in whichI was born
*Note “Which” không đc sd sau các từ everything, none, all/little/much/no + N, danh từ sau so sánh nhất Trong trường hợp này ta sd “that” hoặc bỏ ĐTQH nếu là tân ngữ của động từ
Eg: This is the best hotel (that) I know
_- Trạng từ QH chỉ thời gian “When”, nơi chốn “Where”:
Eg: - I will never forget the day We first met each other on that day
I will never forget the day on which/when we first met each other
- I often visit the house I was born in that house
I often visit the house in which/where I was born
2
Non-defining relative clauses
Là MĐ đc dùng để cung cấp thêm thông tin về N Nó không có tác dụng giới hạn nghĩa, làm rõ nghĩa cho N (Có thể bỏ nó đi mà người đọc, người nghe vẫn hiểu N đó nói đến ai, cái gì
N đứng trước MĐQH không GH thường là danh từ riêng, N đc xác định bởi: this, that, these, those…và tính từ sở hữu: my, her, his
MĐQH không GH đc tách khỏi MĐ chính bằng dấu phảy
“that” không đc sd trong MĐQH không GH
Eg: Miss Liên, who plays the guitar well, is my teacher
IX Because/As/ Since + MĐ = Because of + Cụm danh từ/ Ving
Eg: He failed the exam because of his laziness = He failed the exam because he was lazy
X Conditional Clauses:
Loại I: If + S + V(ht), S + will/can/may/must + V
(Diễn tả đk có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
Loại II: If + S + V(qk), S + would/could/might + V
(Diễn tả đk ngược với sự thật ở hiện tại hoặc khó có thể xảy ra ở tương lai ở MĐ đk
Trang 6“to be” được chia là “were” với mọi chủ ngữ)
Eg: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home
If I were you, I would not let him go
*Note: Unless = If not
Eg: If she doesn’t work hard, she can fail the exams
= Unless she works hard, she can fail the exams
XI.Some Phrasal verbs:Một số động từ hai từ
Turn down >< turn up: vặn xuống/ lên
Turn on >< turn off: mở/ tắt
Put on: mặc ( quần áo) / đi (giầy dép)
Put off: hoãn
Put out:dập tắt ( đèn, lửa)
Look after: trông nom
Look up: tra cứu
Look at: nhìn chằm chằm
Look in: kiểm tra
Run out of= to be shortage of: hêt/ thiếu
Give up: từ bỏ
Go up >< go down: lên / xuống Divide into: chia thành
Throw away:ném đi Wait for: đợi/chờ
Pick up: đón (bằng xe ôtô) Bring about:dẫn đến, gây ra
Go on / continute+V-ing = Keen on+ V-ing: tiếp tục
To be fond of + V-ing = enjoy + V-ing
To be interested in = Like +V
B-EXERCISES:
I.MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Unit 6 : The environment
Test 1
1.The girls… decided to collect money for the plan
a final b finally c daily
2 The country side got … dirty after the student’s camping trip
3 I felt … disappointed because of their bad behavior
4 Hoa’s parents … supported our competition
5 People talk about the pollution in the city more…
a frequent b frequently c frequency
6 The air in the countryside is… fresher and purer than in the city
a actually b actual c inactual
7 The students in our school participated … in the “Green Sunday”
project to keep the city clean and green
a immediate b immediately c quick
8 You have to listen to your teacher……
a attentive b attendance c attentively
9 If people drive their cars …, they won’t get hurt themselves and others
a careful b carefully c careless
Trang 710 She … won the scholarship to study abroad
a success b successful c successfully
11 If the weather gets worse , the children …school for some days
a don’t have b won’t have c wouldn’t have
12 If she … enough money, she will buy her son a motor bike
a earn b will earn c earns
13 If everybody all the trash in the trash can , the beach will not be so dirty like this
14 If she the airport, I’ll let you know
a arrives b arrive c will arrive
15 If people solve the problems of the smoke from vehicles and factories, the air … pure and fresh
16 There is more pollution in the city … there is more traffic in the streets
17 The kids didn’t go to the movie last night … it rain so heavily
18 The bus didn’t stop … it was full of passengers
19 He hit the wall ….he rode carelessly
20 Children should drink milk … it’s good for their health
Unit 7 Saving energy Test2
1 Don’t use Styrofoam or aerosol spray … they both contain chlorofluorocarbons
a so b because c and
2 Pesticides are chemicals poisons used by farmers to kill weeds and insect pests, … some pesticides are still in the food when it gets to the market
a so b because c and
3 We use paper whenever we can, … the backs of envelopes or the clean backs of notebook sheets are great for scrap paper
a so b because c but
4 He didn’t go to school yesterday, ….he had to ask his friends
what they learned then
a but b therefore c and
5 The countryside is very peaceful … the air is so fresh
a but b and c therefore
6.Ba missed the Math test yesterday , he will have to do it next week
a therefore b but c and
7 My sister is very tired: …., she still has to cook dinner for the family
a so b however c and
Trang 88 She doesn’t look so pretty … She has soft voice
a and b but c so
9 They don’t like the opera … it doesn’t look sound interesting
a and b but c because
10 Daisy is very nice: …, all her friends love her very much
a and b so c therefore
11.Can you turn the lights ? it’s too dark
a on b off c in d for
12 What are you looking … ? My picture book I’ve lost it
a on b off c for
13 There are … saving methods and inventions to use solar energy
a energetic b energize c energy
14 I had to pay much money this month for the international…
a calls b calling c to call
15 A new – conditioner will be … this morning
a to install b installed c installing d to install
16 Scientists are looking for an … way to educe energy consumption
a effect b effection c effective
17 We can … easily in the daylight
A to read b reading c read
18 She won’t take all these suitcases … she likes to travel lightly
a so b but c because
19 They are completely short of water now A number of people have died because of this …
a shortage b short c shorten
20 What can we do to spend less … lighting ?
a in b on c about
Unit 8 : Celebrations
1 The man … your mother is talking to is my English teacher
a which b whom c when
2 Tet is a Vietnamese festival … takes place in late January and February
a which b who c when
3 The little girl … is wearing the red dress sings beautifully
a which b who c when
4 Thu enjoyed her trip to Dalat … her grandparent lived long ago
a which b where c when
5 Lan’s parents came back to Hanoi … they visited last year
a Which b where c when
6 They like Asian food … is sold in that market
a Who b which c where
7 Their aunt is the old lady … You met in front of her house
a whom b which c when
Trang 98 The beach … the students are cleaning up the trash is a beautiful one
a where b which c who
9 The parrot … can speak some words belongs to my close
friends
a who b which c whom
10 This is the best movie … I have seen
a that b which c who
11 He enjoys reading books… are on computer science
a who b which c whom
12 Mother’s day is the day … the children n show their love to their mothers
a when b which c that
13 Ha Long Bay is a beautiful spot … thousands of tourists visit every year
a where b which c that
14 The students … are standing in front of the library is my classmates
a who b which c whom
15 Hoa’s parents … are farmers work very hard to earn their living
a who b.whom c which
16 The children like play football …is very popular in our country
a who b which c whom
17 these are the latest news you might want to know
a.that b which c whom
18 Ba and his friends are fond of the performing animals … have just come to town
a which b who c whom
19 Independence Day is a great holiday … people hang up the national flag outside every household
a which b when c where
20 These kids kept talking about the show they saw on television last night
a which b whom c who
Unit 9: Natural disasters
1 The students are reading some books …are disasters
a who b whom c which
2 The lion – tamer and his lion … we saw on the stage came from Moscow
a who b which c that
3 The children … are playing in the back yard are Mr Ba’s nephews
a whom b that c which
4 Vietnam … is in the Southeast Asian is considered the pearl of the region
a which b who c where
5 We are going to visit Ha Long Bay … is one of the most interesting places of the North
a who b which c where
6 Hoa and her dog … are standing over there go to the park every Sunday morning
a that b who c which
Trang 107 The word “typhoon” … comes from the Chinese means “big wind”
a who b that c when
8 Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991 is in the Philippines
a who b which c when
9 Hundreds of people died in that volcanic eruption … had been warned before
a who b which c when
10 Tornadoes can suck things … is in their path
a who b that c where
11 The huge earthquake … struck the city of Kobe in Japan killed a large number of people
a who b that c where
12 The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD79 destroyed Pompeii …was an ancient city of Italy
a who b which c where
13 Neil Armstrong was the first man walking on the moon is an American
a who b which c whom
14 Nobody …predicted the earthquake in Virginia in 2003
a who b which c when
15 Hurricane Isabel… swept through Virginia last year, destroyed a lot of houses
a w ho b which when
16 My father will fly to Hanoi … is the capital city of Vietnam
a who b which c where
17 My classmates dislike postcards … how rough sea and cloudy sky
a who b which c where
18 The students enjoyed the excursion to the city Museum … their classmates visited last month
a who b that c when
19 The teacher never allows you to puts the posters … show music stars on the walls of the classroom
a who b that c when
20 Tornadoes are storms … have the shapes of the funnels
a who b which c where
Unit 10: Life on other planets
Test 5
1 The students may … a parting meeting be fore they leave school
a to have b have c having
2 It might … tonight because of the cold climate
a rain b to rain c raining
3 She cannot … a word because she’s so moved
a say b to say c saying
4 Scientist could not … about the egg- shaped object in some fields
a explaining b to explain c explain
5 You should … more books on UFO if you want to know about life on other planets
a reading b read c, to read
6 They will their friends at the airport