DANH ẹOÄNG Tệỉ : Gerund Danh ủoọng tửứ coự caỏu truực gioỏng nhử hieọn taùi phaõn tửứ tửực laứ ủoọng tửứ theõm ING : talking, learning, … Danh ủoọng tửứ, nhử teõn goùi, laứ ủoọng tửứ du
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Baứi 6 : DANH ẹOÄNG Tệỉ & ẹOÄNG Tệỉ NGUYEÂN MAÃU
( GERUNDS & INFINITIVES )
A DANH ẹOÄNG Tệỉ : (Gerund)
Danh ủoọng tửứ coự caỏu truực gioỏng nhử hieọn taùi phaõn tửứ ( tửực laứ ủoọng tửứ theõm ING) : talking, learning,
…
Danh ủoọng tửứ, nhử teõn goùi, laứ ủoọng tửứ duứng nhử danh tửứ Danh ủoọng tửứ chuỷ yeỏu ủửựng ụỷ vũ trớ, vaứ thửùc hieọn chửực naờng, cuỷa moọt danh tửứ trong caõu Noự thửụứng ủửụùc :
1/ Duứng laứm chuỷ tửứ : (subject)
- Swimming is good for our health.(Bụi loọi thỡ toỏt cho sửực khoỷe)
- Being friendly will bring you friends (Thaõn thieọn seừ mang ủeỏn cho baùn nhieàu baùn beứ.)
2/ Duứng laứm tuực tửứ cho ủoọng tửứ : (object of a verb)
- These boys like swimming.(Boùn con trai naứy thớch bụi loọi)
- My brother practises speaking English every day (Anh toõi taọp noựi tieỏng Anh haống ngaứy 3/ Duứng laứm tuực tửứ cho giụựi tửứ : (object of a preposition)
- He is fond of swimming.(Noự thớch bụi loọi)
- She is interested in learning English.(Coõ aỏy thớch thuự hoùc tieỏng Anh)
4/ Duứng laứm boồ ngửừ cho chuỷ tửứ : (subject complement)
- My hobby is swimming.(Sụỷ thớch cuỷa toõi laứ moõn bụi loọi)
- Seeing is believing.(Thaỏy roài mụựi tin.)
5/ Duứng trong caõu ngaờn caỏm ngaộn (short prohibition) hoaởc ủeồ thaứnh laọp danh tửứ keựp (compound noun)
- No smoking.(Caỏm huựt thuoỏc) - No talking, please.(Xin vui loứng ủửứng noựi chuyeọn)
- a swimming pool.(hoà bụi) - a dining room.(phoứng aờn) - a washing machine.(maựy giaởt)
6/ Duứng sau tớnh tửứ sụỷ hửừu :
- Please forgive my coming late.(Vui loứng boỷ qua vieọc toõi ủeỏn treó)
- His driving carelessly often causes accidents (Vieọc anh ta laựi xe baỏt caồn thửụứng gaõy ra nhieàu tai naùn.)
7/ Duứng sau moọt soỏ ủoọng tửứ vaứ moọt soỏ caựch dieón ủaùt nhaỏt ủũnh nhử : admit(thửứa nhaọn), advise(khuyeõn), avoid(traựnh), consider(nghú tụựi), delay(trỡ hoừan), deny(phuỷ nhaọn), dislike(khoõng
thớch), enjoy(thớch), finish(hoứan taỏt), hate(gheựt), keep(tieỏp tuùc), like(thớch), feel like (cảm thấy thích), mind(lửu taõm), practise(luyeọn taọp), postpone(trỡ hoừan), quit(boỷ), risk(lieàu), suggest(ủeà nghũ), can’t help(khoõng theồ khoõng), can’t bear(khoõng theồ chũu ủửùng), can’t stand(khoõng theồ chũu ủửùng), be worth(ủaựng), be busy(baọn), it’s no use(voõ ớch), there’s no(khoõng…)…
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Trang 2- be/get used to: quen với
be accustomed to: quen với
be capable of: cĩ khả năng
be tired of: mệt, chán
be bored with: chán
be fed up with: chán
be busy (with): bËn rén (víi)
be interested in: thích thú, quan tâm
be fond of
be proud of
be ashamed of
be good at
be surprised at
be afraid of
be ready for
be bad at
be pleased at
be disappointed with feel like
leave off
go on,keep on care for take to have difficulty (in): gỈp khã kh¨n vỊ
be excited about: phấn khích về
be responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm về
to look forward to: trơng chờ
to insist on: cứ khăng khăng
to succeed in: thành cơng về
- We enjoy listening to music.(Chúng tôi thích nghe nhạc)
- I can’t help laughing when she makes jokes.
(Tôi không thể không cười khi cô ấy pha trò)
B ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU : (Infinitive)
Động từ nguyên mẫu thường có giới từ to đứng trước (to do, to learn, to help, to advise…) và được dùng
trong những trường hợp sau :
1/ Làm chủ từ (subject), túc từ (object) hoặc bổ ngữ (complement) trong câu :
- To conceal the truth from her was foolish.
(Thật là điên rồ khi che đậy sự thật ở cô ta.)
- He wanted to become a spaceman.(Nó muốn trở thành một phi hành gia.)
- What he asked for is to be left alone.
(Những gì hắn ta yêu cầu là để mặc cho hắn ta.)
2/ Làm tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ :
- He was the first man to leave the room.
(Anh ta là người đầu tiên rời khỏi phòng)
-English is an important language to master.
(Tiếng Anh là một ngôn ngữ quan trọng cần phải quán triệt.)
3/ Làm trạng từ diễn tả các nội dung sau :
* Mục đích của hành động.
- He went to the station to meet her.(Nó đến nhà ga để đón cô ta.)
- He bought a dictionary to study English.
(Nó mua cuốn tự điển để jọc tiếng Anh)
* Kết quả, hậu quả (sau TOO +Adj / Adv)
- She is too tired to go for a walk.(Cô ấy quá mệt nên không đi dạo được)
- The box was too heavy for her to carry.
(Cái hộp này quá nặng đến nổi cô ấy mang không nổi.)
* Hiệu quả (sau Adj / Adv + ENOUGH)
- I’m strong enough to carry that heavy box.
(Tôi đủ khỏe để có thể mang được cái hộp nặng đó.)
-He isn’t rich enough to travel everywhere by taxi.
(Amh ta không đủ giàu để có thể đi đó đây bằng taxi.)
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4/ Duứng sau moọt soỏ ủoọng tửứ nhaỏt ủũnh nhử : afford(coự ủuỷ khaỷ naờng), agree(ủoàng yự), arrange(chuaồn bũ), decide(quyeỏt ủũnh), demand(ủoứi hoỷi), expect(mong muoỏn), fail(thaỏt baùi), hope(hy voùng), intend(dửù ủũnh), learn(hoùc), manage(xoay sụỷ), need(caàn), offer(ủeà nghũ), plan(dửù ủũnh), pretend(giaỷ vụứ),
promise(hửựa),refuse(tửứ choỏi), threaten(ủe doùa), want(muoỏn), wish(ửụực), would like(muoỏn)…
- They promised to come back soon.(Hoù hửựa laứ seừsụựm trụỷ laùi.)
- He can’t afford to take a taxi.(Noự khoõng coự ủuỷ khaỷ naờng ủi taxi.)
…vaứ duứng sau moọt soỏ ủoọng tửứ coự tuực tửứ (verb + obj + to inf) nhử : advise(khuyeõn), allow(cho pheựp),
ask(hoỷi), beg(caàu xin), encourage(khuyeỏn khớch), expect(mong muoỏn), forbid(ngaờn caỏm), force(buoọc), help(giuựp), invite(mụứi), order(ra leọnh), permit(cho pheựp), persuade(thuyeỏt phuùc), prefer(thớch hụn), remind(nhaộc), teach(daùy), tell(baỷo), want(muoỏn), warn(caỷnh baựo)…
- They don’t allow us to smoke in the office.
(Hoù khoõng cho pheựp chuựng toõi huựt thuoỏc ụỷ vaờn phoứng.)
- I taught myself to play the guitar.(Toõi tửù hoùc ủaứn ghi ta.)
+ Chuự yự : Moọt soỏ ủoọng tửứ coự theồ theo sau bụỷi danh ủoọng tửứ hoaởc ủoọng tửứ nguyeõn maóu nhửng coự sửù khaực
bieọt veà nghúa trong caõu.
(*) Remember + gerund : nhụự laùi vieọc ủaừ thửùc hieọn.
- I remember posting the letter.(Toõi nhụự laứ ủaừ boỷ laự thử naứy.)
Remember + to infinitive : nhụự ủeồ thửùc hieọn.
- I’ll remember to post the letter.(Toõi seừ nhụự boỷ laự thử naứy.)
(*) Stop + gerund : ngửng thửùc hieọn vieọc ủang laứm.
- She stopped mending the dress.(Coõ aỏy ngửứng vaự chieỏc aựo ủaàm naứy.)
Stop + to infinitive : ngửng laứm moọt vieọc gỡ khaực ủeồ laứm vieọc naứy.
- He stopped to have a drink.(Anh ta dửứng laùi ủeồ uoỏng nửụực.)
(*) Try + gerund : thửỷ laứm vieọc gỡ
- I’ve tried writing in blue ink to see if my handwriting is better.
(Toõi thửỷ vieỏt baốờng mửùc xanh ủeồ xem chửừ vieỏt cuỷa toõi coự khaự hụn khoõng.)
Try + to infinitive : coỏ gaộng laứm vieọc gỡ.
- They tried to work as hard as they could.
(Hoù coỏ laứm vieọc caứng chaờm caứng toỏt,)
(*) Mean + gerund : mang yự nghúa.
- Failure in the exam means having to learn one more year.
(Vieọc thi rụựt coự nghúa laứ phaỷi hoùc theõm moọt naờm nửừa.)
Mean + to infinitive : dửù ủũnh laứm vieọc gỡ.
- He means to take the coming exam.
(Anh aỏy dửù ủũnh seừ tham dửù kyứ thi saộp tụựi.)
(*) Forget + gerund : queõn ủieàu gỡ ủaừ xaỷy ra.
- I forgot telling her this story.
(Toõi queõn laứ ủaừ keồ cho coõ ta nghe caõu chuyeọn naứy.)
Forget + to infinitive : queõn laứm ủieàu gỡ.
- I forgot to tell her about this.(Toõi queõn keồ cho coõ ta veà ủieàu naứy.)
(*) Regret + gerund : hoỏi tieỏc vieọc ủaừ xaỷy ra.
- She regrets going to a village school.
(Coõ ta tieỏc laứ ủaừ ủi hoùc ụỷ ngoõi trửụứng laứng.)
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Regret + to infinitive : hoỏi tieỏc seừ laứm vieọc gỡ.
-The party was great He regretted not to go there.
(Bửừa tieọc thaọt laứ tuyeọt vụứi Anh ta tieỏc khoõng ủi dửù ủửụùc.)
C ẹOÄNG Tệỉ NGUYEÂN MAÃU KHOÂNG “TO” (Bare Infinitive)
ẹaõy laứ ủoọng tửứ nguyeõn theồ khoõng ủi keứm vụựi to (infinitive without to) vaứ ủửụùc sửỷ duùng trong caực trửụứng hụùp sau : 1/ Duứng sau caực ủoọng tửứ khieỏm khuyeỏt (Modal verbs) nhử : can, could, may, might, must, ought to…
- You may go now.(Baõy giụứ baùn coự theồ ủi.)
- They must finish the work by now.
(Chuựng phaỷi laứm xong coõng vieọc ngay baõy giụứ.)
2/ Duứng sau caực ủoọng tửứ : HAVE, LET, MAKE, HELP…
- I helped the child tidy his desk.(Toõi giuựp ủửựa beự doùn deùp baứn hoùc.)
- He had a painter paint the gate.
(Oõng ta nhụứ ngửụứi thụù sụn sụn giuứm caựi coồng.)
- They let him enter the room without a ticket.
(Hoù ủeồ anh ta vaứo maứ khoõng caàn coự veự.)
- My parents make me go to bed early.(Boỏ meù toõi baột toõi phaỷi ủi nguỷ sụựm.)
3/ Duứng sau BUT, EXCEPT vụựi nghúa “ngoaùi trửứ”
- Why don’t you do anything but complain?
(Sao baùn khoõng laứm moọt caựi gỡ ủoựự maứ cửự laùi than vaừn?)
-She agreed to do everything but help him with the homework.
(Coõ ta ủoàng yự laứm taỏt caỷ moùi thửự ngoứai vieọc giuựp noự laứm baứi taọp veà nhaứ.)
4/ Duứng sau caực ủoọng tửứ chổ giaực quan nhử : see (nhỡn thaỏy) , watch (xem thaỏy) , hear (nghe thaỏy) , notice (ủeồ yự) , observe (quan saựt) , spot (thoựang thaỏy) …
- We heard them sing all morning.
(Chuựng toõi nghe hoù haựt suoỏt caỷ buoồi saựng.)
-He saw the thief enter the house.
(Anh ta nhỡn thaỏy teõn troọm bửụực vaứo nhaứ.)
Chuự yự : nhử ta ủaừ bieỏt hieọn taùi phaõn tửứ (present participle) coự theồ ủửụùc duứng cho caực ủoọng tửứ treõn ủeồ
dieón taỷ haứnh ủoọng ủang tieỏp dieón Coứn ủoọng tửứ nguyeõn theồ duứng trong trửụứng hụùp naứy chổ haứnh ủoọng ủaừ hoaứn taỏt.
- I watched them playing football for a while (traọn ủaỏu vaón ủang tieỏp dieón)
- I watched them play football yesterday afternoon (xem toaứn boọ traọn ủaỏu)
EXERCISE I : Supply the correct form of the verbs :
1/ Could I (see) _ Mr Brown, please ?
2/ He told me (try) _ (come) _ early
3/ I wanted her (learn) _ English
4/ Will you (help) _ me (move) _ this desk ?
5/ Please (let) _ me (know) _ your opinion
6/ Would you like (paint) _ your bike or should I (have) _ a painter (do) _it for you ? 7/ He warned me (not come) _ late
8/ There’s no (tell) _ what might (happen) _
9/ Did you (see) _ Tom (try) _ (reach) _ the top of the dresser ?
- He’s too short (reach) _ it
10/ We had to (ask) _ the students (stop) _ (make) _ so much noise
11/ I can’t understand his (want) _ (buy) _ such an expensive car
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12/ I couldn’t stand (be) _ alone in the dark room
13/ They don’t want us (mention) _ their (come) _ late
14/ You must remember (lock) _ the door before (leave) _ the house
15/ After (get) _ (know) _ her at school, he finished by (ask) _ her address
EXERCISE II : Use the correct verb form :
1/ The children are busy (collect) _ shells on the beach
2/ The teacher promised (help) _ us (prepare) _ for the examination
3/ We regret (say) _ that the lecture was dull and wasn’t worth (listen) _ to
4/ There’s no (deny) _ that he enjoys (listen) _ to his own voice
5/ Is (boil) _ or (fry) _ the best way of (cook) _ this fish ?
6/ It’s no use your (ask) _ him (lend) _ you any money
7/ Can you manage(finish) _ (write) these reports by yourself ?
8/ He advised me( consider) _ all the facts before (decide) _ (accept) the job 9/ They refused (allow) _ us (go) _ in without (sign) the book
10/ My uncle used to (show) _ me where (go) _ and what (buy)
11/ There’s nothing like (walk) _ as a means of (keep) _ fit
12/ Your doctor advised (go) to bed early, so I really can’t understand your (want) (stay) up late 13/ We considered (give) her a dress for her birthday, but couldn’t help (buy) _her some flowers, too 14/ There’s nothing (be) _ done about it now except (tell) _ the police the truth
15/ I remember (hear) him (say) the grass needed (cut) _
16/ Would you mind (keep) _ quiet for a moment ? I’m trying (fill) _ in a form
- It’s no use (ask) _ children (keep) _ quiet They can’t help (make) _ noise 17/ The miser spent all his time (count) _ his money and (think) _ up new hiding places He kept (move) _ it about because he was terrified of (be) _ robbed He used to (get) _ up at night (make) _ sure it was still there
18/ They don’t allow (smoke) in the auditorium; they don’t want (risk) (set) _ it on fire 19/ Would you like me (turn) _ down the radio a bit ?
- No, it’s all right I’m used to (work) _ with the radio on
20/ We couldn’t help (laugh) when he was making fun of himself
EXERCISE III : Rewrite the following sentences.
1/ Would you close the door, please ?
- Would you mind _ ?
2/ They didn’t allow us to smoke in here
- They didn’t let _
3/ My teacher advised buying that book
- My teacher advised us _
4/ The thief forced the bank manager to lie on the ground
- The thief made _
5/ He has studied English for six years
- He began
6/ It is necessary to master English
- Mastering
7/ He spent two hours writing the essay
- It took _
8/ He is too young to ride a motorbike
- He isn’t
9/ The bag was so heavy that she couldn’t carry it upstairs
- The bag was too _
10/ He expects to hear from her as soon as possible
- He is looking forward _
11/It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour
- It’s better to avoid
12/Shall we go away tomorrow instead of today?
-Shall we postpone _until ?
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13/Please don’t interrupt me all the time
-Would you mind _?
14/I would like you to help me to put the chairs away?
- Do you mind _?
15/I’m quite happy to look after the baby for you
-I don’t mind
16/ “ I haven’t done anything wrong,” Tom said
-Tom denied
17/The driver of the car said it was true that he didn’t have a licence
-The driver of the car admitted _
18/I remember someone telling me the news
-I remember being _
19/Are you sure you paid those bills yesterday?
-Do you remember ?
20/Don’t forget that you have to do this homework
-Please remember
21/She really didn’t want to upset him so she kept quiet
-She was anxious to avoid _
22/Don’t ask so many questions
-Please stop
23/I think we’ve discussed phrasal verbs enough now
-Let’s stop
24/He hasn’t smoked for 3 years
- He stopped _
25/They haven’t played chess for a long time
-They stopped _
I./1) My friend is good playing volleyball
II 1) I can't imagine Peter (go) by bike.
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1 When I last saw him, he (live) in London
2 She (talk) to her mother on the phoned every week
3 You (have) any experience of (work) with children who (have) learning difficulties?
4 If I (be) you, I (not volunteer) any details of what (happen)
5 Small children (find) it difficult (say) long words
6 We (not see) Dorothy since last Saturday
7 Don’t worry! By the time you arrive , we (finish) the work
8 The bus always (stop) here to pick up passengers
9 The train (leave) half an hour ago
10 I (not be) to Da Nang so far
11 She (do) her home work by the time I went there
12 “Did you phone me two days ago?”, she asked the boy
13 “Why are you late?” they asked her They wondered
14 “Get on with your work!”, the boss said to me
15 “I’m terribly sorry, I’m late,” said Mai Mai apologized
16 “I wouldn’t eat too much if I were you, Mary?” said Ann Ann advised
17 “Would you like to come to my party tomorrow?” Ann asked me Ann invited me
18 While I along the road, I saw a friend of mine
a had cycled b have cycled c cycled d was cycling
19 Her parents would not upset if she harder
a works b is working c will work d worked
20 “Would you like to go to the pop concert?” – “Thanks, but I it already”
a had seen b have been seeing c have seen d did see
22 “What did you do last night?” - “I watched TV, practised the piano, and my homework”
a do b did c was doing d have done
23 We can not only through words but also through body language
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a talk b transfer c interpret d communicate
24 “Did you meet Ann here at the university?” “No we when I started college.”
a have already met b had already met c had already been meeting d already met
25 “Did you go to Hawaii for vacation?” “I to go, but I got sick at the last minute”
a was planned b had planning c had been planning d have planned
26 nonverbal communication is different from culture to culture
a a b an c.the d x
27 Facial show one’s feelings when he is communicating
a expressions b expresses c expressive d expressively
28 Some people get married not simply because they are love
a for b in c with d on
29 He came to for what happened because he had clearly been in the wrong
a apologize b compliment c promise d serve
30 John looked at Jane and tried a smile of love, of ,of gratitude
a dislike b unreliability c trust d anger
31 He asked us not to make so much noise he was working
a and that if b and c and that d and added that
32 She told him
a patient b to be patient c was patient d that being patient
33 Daniel asked me if I thought
a it will rain today b it would rain today c it would rain today d it would rain that day
34 Barbara asked me the homework that week
a that she must do b if she has to do c if she had to do d if did she have to do
35 Robert wanted to know if I was leaving the Friday
a following b ago c previous d before
36 Jennifer asked me the week before
a where had I gone b where I had gone c where did I gone d I had gone where
37 I to the shop, but I anything because I my wallet
a go/ cannot buy / will lose b was going / did not buy / have lost
c am going / am not buying / will lose d went / could not buy / had lost
37 She said that she hadn’t visited the UK
a before b then c now d ago
38 a located b formed c threatened d agreed
39 a ones b pictures c decades d places
40 a followed b considered c called d witnessed
41 a parks b trees c cares d contains
42 The little girl asked what to her friend
a has happened b happened c had happened d would have been happened
43 Jack the door
a has just painted b paint c will have painted d painting
44 My sister for you since yesterday
a is looking b was looking c has been looking d looked
45 As soon as you all your homework, you will be allowed to go out
a are doing b had done c did d have done