NỘI DUNG VÀ BÀI TẬP THAM KHẢO ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 12 (P1)

CÁCH PHÁT ÂM S CUỐI Trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít. s Khi đi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): f, k, p, t ,,h Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books... iz Khi đi sau một phụ âm rít : z, s, dz, t∫, ∫ , z. Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge Ex: washes , kisses , oranges….. z Không thuộc hai loại trên. Ex: bags , kids , days … Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm s, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ: Chữ s đọc z sau các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison.. Chữ s đọc ∫ sau các từ sugar,sure Exercise 1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days 2. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes 3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains 4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites 5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums 6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks 7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts 8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests 9. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds 10. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks 11. A. beds B. doors C. plays D. students 12. A. arms B. suits C. chairs D. boards 13. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes 14. A. relieves B. invents C. buys D. deals 15. A. dreams B. heals C. kills D. tasks 16. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses 17. A. carriages B. whistles C. assures D. costumes 18. A. offers B. mounts C. pollens D. swords 19. A. miles B. words C. accidents D. names 20. A. sports B. households C. minds D. plays CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI Đây là hình thức Past tensen và Past participle: 1. “ed ” pronounced as id : sau t, d : Thường sau chữ t, d : .Ex: wanted; decided 2. “ed ” pronounced as t : sau k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h , hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :.Ex: asked; stopped; laughed... 3. “ed ” pronounced as d : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : .Ex: moved; played; raised Ngọai lệ: Đuôi ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm id: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked Exercise 1. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted 2. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised 3. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined 4. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished 5. A. catched B. crashed C. occupied D. coughed 6. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched 7. A. measured B. pleased C. distinguished D. managed 8. A. wounded B. routed C. wasted D. risked 9. A. imprisoned B. pointed C. shouted D. surrounded 10. A. a.failed B. reached C. absored D. solved 11. A. invited B. attended C. celebrated D. díplayed 12. A removed B. washed C. hoped D. missed 13. A. looked B. laughed C. moved D.stepped 14. A. wanted B.parked C. stopped D.watched 15. A. laughed B. passed C. suggested D. placed 16. A.believed B. prepared C. involved D. liked 17. A.lifted B. lasted C. happened D. decided 18. A. collected B. changed C. formed D. viewed 19. A. walked B. entertained C. reached D. looked 20. A.admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC : 1. A. heat B. scream C. meat D. dead 2. A. breakfast B. teacher C. east D. please 3. A. thrilling B. other C. through D. something 4. A. idea B. going C. will D. trip 5. A. face B. place C. prepared D. days 6. A. Germany B. garden C. gate D. gas 7. A. scholarship B. Christ C. school D. chicken 8. A. house B. harm C. hour D. husband 9. A. hundred B. exhausted C. however D. heat 10. A. head B. ready C. mean D. weather 11. A. choir B. cheap C. child D. chair 12. A. charge B. child C. teacher D. champagne 13. A. reason B. clear C. mean D. each 14. A. motion B. question C. mention D. fiction 15. A. gather B. good C. large D. again 16. A. change B. children C. machine D. church 17. A. write B. writer C. writing D. written 18. A. share B. rare C. are D. declare 19. A. apply B. university C. identity D. early 20. A. choice B. achieve C. each D. chemistry STRESS Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm 1 Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố(prefix) và hậu tố (suffix)  ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather. ... Ngoại lệ: foresight , forecast , unkeep , upland , surname , subway .... Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc

NỘI DUNG VÀ BÀI TẬP THAM KHẢO ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP

MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 12

CÁCH PHÁT ÂM " S" CUỐI

Trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít.

/ s / Khi đi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//,/h/

Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books

/ iz / Khi đi sau một phụ âm rít : /z/, /s/, /dz/, / t∫/, / ∫ /, /z/ Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z, ch,

sh, ce, ge Ex: washes , kisses , oranges…

//// z / Không thuộc hai loại trên Ex: bags , kids , days …

Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ:

- Chữ s đọc /z /sau các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison

-Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau các từ sugar,sure

Exercise

16 A resources B stages C preserves D focuses

17 A carriages B whistles C assures D costumes

CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI

Đây là hình thức Past tensen và Past participle:

1 “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : Ex: wanted; decided

2 “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :.Ex: asked; stopped;

laughed

3 “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : Ex: moved; played; raised

Ngọai lệ : Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked

Exercise

BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC :

1 A heat B scream C meat D dead

2 A breakfast B teacher C east D please

3 A thrilling B other C through D something

4 A idea B going C will D trip

5 A face B place C prepared D days

6 A Germany B garden C gate D gas

7 A scholarship B Christ C school D chicken

8 A house B harm C hour D husband

9 A hundred B exhausted C however D heat

10 A head B ready C mean D weather

11 A choir B cheap C child D chair

12 A charge B child C teacher D champagne

13 A reason B clear C mean D each

14 A motion B question C mention D fiction

15 A gather B good C large D again

16 A change B children C machine D church

17 A write B writer C writing D written

18 A share B rare C are D declare

19 A apply B university C identity D early

20 A choice B achieve C each D chemistry

STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm

1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố(prefix) và hậu tố (suffix)

 ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather

* Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway

Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc

V + ment: ag'ree(thoả thuận) =>ag'reement

V + ance: re'sist( chống cự ) =>re'sistance (sự

chống cự)

V + er : em'ploy(thuê làm) => em'ployer( chủ lao

động)

V + or : in'vent ( phát minh) => in'ventor

V + ar : beg (van xin) => 'beggar( người ăn xin)

V + al : ap'prove( chấp thuận) => ap'proval

V + y : de'liver( giao hàng)=> de'livery( sự giao hàng)

V + age: pack( đóng gói ) => 'package( bưu kiện)

V + ing : under'stand( hiểu) => under'standingadj + ness : 'bitter ( đắng)=> 'bitterness( nỗi cay đắng)

2/ Nhìn chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn như /∂/ hay /i/EX:a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct , for'get , de'sign , en'joy

3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì

Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2

Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1

EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, refuse

* Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v)

4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes ) sau đây một vần : ION, IC, IAL , ICAL, UAL,

-ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY

EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential,

ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television

5) Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: ADE, OO, OON, EE, EEN, EER, ESE, AIRE, SELF,

-ETTE, -ESQUE Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon

*Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon…

STRESS

2 a mechanic b military c apologize d miraculous

3 a compulsory b intensity c kidding d invaluable

5 a curriculum b kindergarten c contaminate d.conventional

6 A apology B industrial C Industry D Disaster

7 A interview B certificate C.applicant D primary

8 A certificate B apartment C individual D biology

9 A scientific B availlable C suspicious D supportive

10 A especially B comfortably C carefully D possibly

11 A importance B subtraction C algebra D example

14 A recognize B challenge C symbolize D Continue

16 A appalling B ashamed C November D architect

18 A competition B intelligent C automation D information

20 A attention B interesting C influence D Television

EXERCISES A

I Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

1 She (not work)………., she (swim) ……….in the river

2 Why Ann (not wear) ……… her new dress?

3 You can't see Tom now: he (have) ……… a bath

4 He usually (drink) ……… coffee but today he (drink) ……… tea

5 – What she (do) ………… in the evenings?

– She usually (play) ………cards or (watch)……… TV

6 She (stand) … at the bus stop I asked her what bus she (wait) …… for

7 When I arrived , the lecture had already started and the professor (write) ……… on the overhead projector

8 I didn't want to meet Paul , so when he entered the room I (leave) ………

9 He (watch) ……… TV when the phone rang Very unwillingly he (turn) ………… down the sound and (go) ……… to answer it

10 – This is my house

– How long you (live)……… here?

– I (live) ………here since 1970.

11 He (live) …… in London for two years and then (go) … to Edinburgh

12 I (not see) ……… him for three years I wonder where he is

13 I can't go out because I (not finish) ……… my work

14 Here are your shoes; I just (clean) ……… them

15 You (have) …… breakfast yet? – Yes, I (have) ……… it at 8.00

16 – You (be) ……… here before?

– Yes, I (spend) ……… my holidays here last year

– You (have) ……… a good time?

– No, it never (stop) ……… raining

17 – Where you (go) …… for your holidays this year? – I (go)… to Holland

18 They (get) ……… married next week

19 – You (do) … anything tonight? – Yes, I (go) … to my carpentry class

20 It (rain)……… Look at those clouds

21 You (have) ……… time to help me tomorrow?

22 – Did you remember to book seats? – Oh no, I forgot I (telephone) ……… for them now

23 – He has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg

– I'm sorry to hear that I (send) ……… him some grapes

24 I've hired a typewriter and I (learn) ……… to type

25 I see that you have got a loom You (do) ………… some weaving?

II Multiple choices

1 She Hanoi last year

2 Now you from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours

A are flying B would fly C will fly D can fly

3 When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television

A was calling- watched B called- have watched

C called- was watching D had called- watched

4 By the time next summer, you your studies

A completes B will complete

C are completing D will have completed

5 Right now, Jim the newspaper and Kathy dinner

A reads- has cooked B is reading- is cooking

C has read- was cooking D read- will be cooking

6 Last night at this time, they the same thing She and he the newspaper

A are doing- is cooking- is reading B were doing- was cooking- was reading

C was doing- has cooked- is reading D had done- was cooking- read

7 – Hurry up! We’re waiting for you What’s taking you so long? – I ……… for an important phone

call Go ahead and leave without me

8 – Robert is going to be famous someday He ……… in three movies already – I’m sure he’ll be a star.

A has been appearing B has appeared C had appeared D appeared

9 – Hello? Alice? This is Jeff How are you? – Jeff? What a coincidence! I ………… about you when the

phone rang

C have just been thinking D was just thought

10 – What …… about the new simplified tax law? – It’s more confusing than the old one.

C have you thought D have you been thinking

11 – Why did you buy all this sugar and chocolate? – I ………a delicious dessert for dinner tonight.

A make B will make C am going to make D will have made

12 – Let’s go! What’s taking you so long? – I’ll be there as soon as I …… my keys.

13 While I ……… TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor.

A watch B watched C was watching D am watching

14 The earth ……… on the sun for its heat and light.

A is depend B depending C has depend D depends

15 I don’t feel good I ……… home from work tomorrow.

A am staying B stay C will have stayed D stayed

16 I’ve been in this city for a long time I ……… here sixteen years ago.

A have come B was coming C came D had come

17 – May I speak to Dr Paine, please? – I’m sorry, he ……… a patient at the moment Can I help you?

A is seeing B sees C has been seeing D was seeing

18 – Paul, could you please turn off the stove? The potatoes …… for at least 30 minutes.

A are boiling B have been boiling C boiling D were boiling

19 My family loves this house It ……….the family home ever since my grandfather built it 60 years ago.

20 I know you feel bad now, Tommy, but try to put it out of your mind By the time you’re an adult, you

………… all about it

A forget B will have forgotten C will forget D forgot

21 The little girl started to cry She ……… her doll, and no one was able to find it for her.

A has lost B had lost C was losing D was lost

22 I much of you lately We three months ago

A haven’t seen- last meet B didn’t see- met

C haven’t seen- have meet D didn’t see- have met

23 The Chinese spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo back to Italy

A made- brought B have made- brought

C made- had brought D had been making- brought

24 When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker speaking and the audience

A just finished- were clapping B had just finished- had clapped

C had just finished- were clapping D just finished- had clapped

25 He his job last month and then he out of work

A lost- was B was lost- had been C has lost- was D lost- has been

26 Jane’s eyes burned and her shoulders ached She ……… at the computer for five straight hours

Finally, she took a break

A is sitting B has been sitting C was sitting D had been sitting

27 In the last hundred years, travelling much easier and more comfortable

A become B has become C became D will became

28 In the 19th century, it two or three months to across North America by covered wagon

A took B had taken C had been taken D was taking

29 Sam to change a light bulb when he and

A was trying -slipped- fell B tried- was slipping- falling

C had been trying- slipped- was falling D has tried- slips- falls

30 In the past, the trip very rough and often dangerous, but things a great deal in the last

hundred and fifty years

A was- have changed B is- change

C had been- will change D has been- changed

EXERCISES B

Exercise 3: Choose the best answer:

1 When I got home I found that water down the kitchen walls

A ran B was running C has run D had been running

2 After he his English course, he went to England to continue his study

A has finish B had finished C was finished D would finish

3 How since we college?

A are you- left B were you- left C have you been- have left D have you been- left

4 I much of you lately We three months ago

A haven’t seen- last met B didn’t see- met C haven’t seen- have meet D didn’t see- have met

5 The Chinese spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo back to Italy

A made- brought B have made- brought C made- had brought D had been making- brought

6 When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker speaking and the audience

A just finished- were clapping B had just finished- had clapped

C had just finished- were clapping D just finished- had clapped

7 He his job last month and then he out of work

A lost- was B was lost- had been C has lost- was D lost- has been

8 In the last hundred years, travelling much easier and more comfortable

9 In the 19th century, it two or three months to across North America by covered wagon

10 In the past, the trip very rough and often dangerous, but things a great deal in the lasthundred and fifty years

A was- have changed B is- change C had been- will change D has been- changed

Exercise 4: Choose the best answer:

1 John …………tennis once or twice a week

A usually B is usually playing C usually plays D have usually played

2 It was noisy next door Our neighbors ……….a party

3 It …………dark Shall I turn on the light ?

4 Tom: ‘I ……… for Christine Do you know where she is ?’

David: ‘She has gone out.’

5 Nga: ‘What were you doing at 7 o’clock yesterday evening?’

Huong: ‘I ……….my clothes.’

A am ironing B have ironed C ironed D was ironing

6 Cavin:“Are you ready , Ann ?”

Ann: “ Yes , I ……….”

7 Why ……….at me like that ? What’s the matter ?

A do you look B have you looked C did you look D are you looking

8 I …………along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me

9 She ……….German for two years

A has learnt B is learning C learn D learns

10 The earth ……….round the Sun

11 I come from Canada Where ………you ……….from ?

A do – come B did – come C are – coming D have come

12 When I last ………Jane , she ……… to find a job

A see – trying B saw – was trying C have seen – tried D saw – tried

13 ……….you go to the dentist ?

A How often are B How often do C How often does D How are

14 Ann ………tea very often

A doesn’t drink B don’t drink C didn’t drink D hasn’t drunken

15 It’s a nice day I ………we go out for a walk

A suggested B suggest C is suggesting D are suggesting

16 Now I ……….for what I said about you It wasn’t true and shouldn’t have said it

A do apologize B apologized C was apologized D apologizing

17 Tim was tired He ……… hard all day

A has been studying B studies C studied D had been studying

18 Bad driving often ……….many accidents

19 The Olympic Games ………every four years

A take place B takes place C took place D is taking place

20 What time ……… the banks close in Britain ?

21 Look ! That man ……… to open the door of your car

22 When I was young , I ………… to be a singer

23 I ………lots about the job so far

A have learnt B am learning C had learnt D learn

24 I ……… here at the end of the month

A will leave B would leave C would have left D is leaving

25 I hope every thing ………fine

26 I ……….my son the money for that last week

27 Yesterday I passed by Peter’s house , but the front door was closed He ……….out

A went B must have gone C has gone D had gone

28 Where ………you at 9.00 last night , Mr Green ?

29 I …………the dishwasher on when heard the shot

A am turning B was turned C was turning D turned

30 There was a time when watching T.V really ………family entertainment

31 Daniel ……… the bus It doesn’t run on Sundays

A did not catch B have not caught

C had not caught D couldn’t have caught

32 We didn’t play well We ……… better

A should have played B should play

C have played D have been playing

33 I think you ……….pay to park here I’ll just go and read that notice

34 I think you should have that coat ……….soon

A cleaned B being cleaned C cleaning D to clean

35 I’m feeling sick I ………so much chocolate last night

A needn’t to eat B did not eat

C mustn’t eat D shouldn’t have eaten

36 I’m going on holiday on Saturday This time next week I ……….on a beach in the sea

A will lie B am lying C will be lying D should be lying

37 Tomorrow I ……… my grandparents

A am going to visit B will have visited C have visited D visit

38 When their first child was born , they ……….married for three years

A have been B had been C will be D will have been

39 She ………very angry when she knows this

A shall be B has been C will have been D will be

40 We …………a party last Saturday It was great – we invited lots of people

41 I was sad when I sold my car I ……….….it for a very long time

A am running ` B were running

C had been running D have been running

42 We were extremely tired at the end of the journey We …….for more than 24 hours A.had been traveling B were traveling C have traveled D traveled

43 The house was very quiet when I got home Everybody ………straight to bed

44 The man sitting next to me on the plane was nervous because he ……… before

A hasn’t flown B didn’t fly C hadn’t flown D wasn’t flying

45 ………a car when they were living in London ?

C Were they having D Have they had

46 The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody ………

A manages to escape B managed to escape C was escaping D can escape

47 There ‘s plenty of time You ………hurry

A don’t have to B mustn’t C have not to D won’t

48 A few days ago , I ………that Jane ………for New York

A learn – had left B learned – had left

C learned – has left D learn – will leave

49 Tom writes very quickly He’s ………finished his essays

50 How …………have you known each other ?

51 He has been selling motorcycles ………

A ten years ago B since ten years C for last ten years D for ten years

52 He fell down when he …… towards the church

53 Sorry , I can’t stop now I ………… to an important appointment

54 They …… serving meals by the time we get to the restaurant

A will stop B stopped C are stopping D will have stopped

55 Mark was listening to music while his sister ……….a book

56 You ………… here for my party , won’t you ?

A shall be B won’t be C will be D are going to be

57 Can you borrow your bike on Monday ? – I’m sorry , but ………it

58 There’s no more apples We ……… them all

59 She ………music all day Now she feels tired

A has been playing B is playing C played D plays

60 After he ………the house , he wrote a letter

A cleans B was cleaning C had cleaned D has cleaned

61 The books , an English dictionary and a chemistry text , …………on the shelf yesterday

62 There ………… ten people in line already when we arrived

63 Either of these buses ……….past the university

64 Neither Canada nor Mexico ……… that citizens of the United States have passports

A requires B require C requiring D to require

65 The staff ………in the conference room at the moment

A are meeting B were meeting C meet D is meeting

66 Mathematics ……….very interesting to me

67 I ……… to New York three times this year

68 Diana is a wonderful tennis player She ……….……since she was at high school

A has been practising B is practising

C has been practised D was practised

69 This is the most difficult class ………

C I used to take ever since D I’ve ever taken

70 By the end of next year, Mr Park …………for this company for 35 years

I don’t care whether ……… or not

A his coming B he comes C does he come D will he come

72 She listened so attentively that not a word ………

A she missed B she did miss C she didn’t miss D did she miss

73 Helen and Tom _ each other since they were seven years old

74 Harry works all the time He

A never relaxes B relaxes never

C often relaxes D relaxes sometimes

75 The last time I _ swimming was when we were in Spain

76 How old was Catherine when she to France?

77 A: I hope to write my autobiography before I _ Do you think anyone would read it ?

B: Certainly!

A died B die C have died D had died

78 While I ………… TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor

A was watching B watched C watch D am watching

79 It him three months to be able to run a mile a year ago

80 World War II out in 1939

A break B will break C broke D have broken

Exercise 5 :Choose the underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make sentence correct :

81 After Mrs Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner

A returned B to her house C from work D was cooking

82 Debbie, whose father is an excellent tennis player, has been playing tennis since ten years

A.whose father B.player C has been D.since

83 Linda has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it

A worn B.new yellow C only once D buys

84.I have seen lots of interesting places when I went on holiday last summer

A have seen B lots C interesting D went

85 When my cat heard a noise in the bushes, she stopped moving and listens intently

86 The police arrested the man while he is having dinner in a restaurant

A.The police B.while C is having D.in

87 Peter and Wendy first met in 2006, and they are married for three years now

88 The boss laughed when the secretary has told him that she really needed a pay rise

A.has told B really C.needed D.pay

89 While I’m shopping in the supermarket, I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t met for five years A.I’m shopping B into an old friend C hadn’t met D for five years

90 Last week Mark told me that got very bored with his present job and is looking for a new one A.told B got C is looking D new one

MỘT VÀI CẤU TRÚC BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU CỦA THÌ

1

S + V (present perfect) … + time

It is + time … + since + S + V2/ed

Ex: I haven’t seen my father for one month

It is one month since I last saw my father

2

S + have / has not + V 3/ed

It is the first time + S + have / has + V 3/ed Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before.

It’s the first time I have seen that man here

3 S + have / has not + V 3/ed … since (for)

S + last + V (past) … when …The last time + clause + was …Ex: I haven’t heard him since August

The last time I heard him was in August

I haven’t seen him since I was a student

I last saw him when I was a student

Choose the sentence A, B, C or D nearest in meaning to the one in italic.

91 Mr Brown was last seen in July 1928

A Mr Brown has not been able to see since July 1928

B No one has seen Mr Brown since July 1928

C Mr Brown didn’t see anyone in July 1928

D No one saw Mr Brown until July 1928

92 When the power failed, we went to a restaurant for dinner

A We had dinner at a restaurant because of a power cut

B The power failed just as we were going out for dinner

C We were having dinner at a restaurant when the power failed

D There was going to be a power cut, so we went out for dinner

93 She told me she had to be home by ten o’clock

A She told me she had to be home by ten o’clock

B.She said me it was necessary for her to get home before ten o’clock

C.She told me that she would be going home at ten o’clock

D.She said that she usually reached her home before ten o’clock

94 She hasn’t seen her family for years

A She didn’t see her family for a long time

B It’s the last time she saw her family years ago

C It’s years ago she has seen her family

D It’s years since she last saw her family

95 Could you tell me her address?

A Do you know what is her address? B You know what is her address?

C Do you know what her address is? D Did you know what her address was?

96 When did you begin to work here?

A How long did you work here? B How long did you begin working here?

C How long are you working here? D How long have you been working here?

97 I haven’t seen my aunt for years

A I haven’t met my aunt for long ago B The last time I met my aunt since years ago

C I last saw my aunt years ago D I didn’t see my aunt years ago

98 She started work three months ago

A It is three months since she started work B She had been working for three months

C She is working here for three months now D It’s three months that she worked for

99 My career as a teacher began 15 years ago

A I have been a teacher for 15 years now B I was a teacher for 15 years

C For 15 years have I been a teacher D I have started teaching for15 years now

100 It has always been my ambition to become a famous artist

A I wanted to become a famous artist B Always in my life do I want to become a famous artist

C I have always dreamt of becoming a famous artist

D Dreaming of becoming a famous artist, I always have that ambition.

VERB FORMS

 Để dễ nhớ, ta chia hình thức động từ loại động từ :

+ Bare infinitive(động từ nguyên mẫu không To) >Vo+ To infinitive (động từ nguyên mẫu có To) > V1+ Simple past( qúa khứ đơn) Vo-ED/ V2 > V2+ Past participle: qúa khứ phân từ : V3/ Vo-ED -> V3+ Present participle Hiện tại phân tư :Vo+ing -> V4 ( chức năng như tính từ hay dùng trong thì tiếp diễn

+ Gerund Danh động từ:(Vo+ing) (chức năng như danh từ hoặc động từ) > V4

* Động từ chia theo ý nghĩa có động từ đặc biệt và động từ thường, chia theo dạng có 3 dạng chính như sau:

Bare infinitive (V0)Infinitive :

To infinitive (V1)Gerund (V0 + ing )

Past Participle  Vo ed/V3 ( V3 ) Participle :

Present Participle - Vo + ing(V4 )

I Bare infinitive : (bare) động từ nguyên mẫu khơng to

1 Sau modal verb ( động từ khiếm khuyết )

2 Sau auxilary verb : do, does, did

3 Sau make, let, help ( sau help có thể có To inf )

Passive voice  dùng to inf theo sau Trừ let

4 Sau động từ chỉ giác quan:(verbs of perception ) : see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice …

Vo ( bare )  hành động đã xong

S + V + object

Vo ( ing )  hành động đang diễn ra

5 Sau had better ( tốt hơn ) would rather ( thà thì hơn ), had sooner

6 Sau thành ngữ : to do nothing but + Vo ( bare ) : không làm gì cả mà chỉ

Can not but + Vo(bare): không còn cách nào khác

7 Causative form (Thể sai khiến):

S + have + object ( chỉ người ) + Vo (bare)

8 Simple present tense : I, you, we, they +Vo (bare)

9 Bắt đầu câu mệnh lệnh: ( imprative )

II To infinitive (V1) động từ nguyên mẫu cĩ To)

1 Làm subject  V(sing) (review formal subject)

2 Làm object of verb : S + V + to inf (as an object )

3 Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ ( object complement ) ;

S + V + obj + to infinitive

4 Làm adjective  rút gọn adjective clause ( relative clause ) đứng sau danh từ  review how to

reduce relative clause

5 Làm adverb  rút gọn : adverbbial clause of result : đứng sau adj

Rút gọn: adverbial clause of purpose: chỉ mục đích

5a Rút gọn clause of result theo công thức sau ( phrase of result )

S + V + too adj/adv ( for object )+ to inf

S + V + adj/adv enough (for object )+to inf

5b Rút gọn : clause of purpose theo mẫu sau ( phrase of purpose )

to inf

S + V + in order for object to inf

so as to inf

6 It + take+ (object) + time + to inf

7 Causative form: S+ get + object ( chỉ người ) + to inf

8 Sau một số động từ sau đây:

8.a Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là to infinitive : S + V + to inf

8 care : quan tâm

9 claim : cho là, tuyên bố

30 regret : tiếc ( tương lai )

31 remember : nhớ (tương lai )

32 seem : dường như

33 struggle : đấu tranh, cố gắng

34 swear : thề

35 threaten : dọa

36 tend : có khuynh hướng

37 volunteer : tình nguyện, xung phong

1 advise : khuyên

2 allow: cho phép

3 ask : hỏi, đòi hỏi

4 beg : năn nỉ, xin

38 desire : ao ước, thèm thuồng

39 direct : hướng dẫn, chỉ huy

40 implore : yêu cầu

41 provoke : xúi giục

42 Teach, explain, know, understand, discover, consider, think, believe + how + to inf :Chỉ cách thức

III Gerund : Danh động từ

A Gerund as a noun ( subj , obj, complement & appositive)

1 Làm chủ ngữ  V(sing)  ( real subject & informal subject )

2 Làm tân ngữ

Object of verb : S + V + V- ing ( gerund )

Object of preposition  sau preposition + V-ing

Làm subject complement:

Ex: My hobby is swimming ( gerund )

4 Làm appositive (ngữ đồng vị )

Ex: My hobby, swimming makes me healthy

5 Đứng sau thành ngữ : it is no use, it is no good :

there is no use, there is no good: vô íchcan’t stand / bear / help : không thể chịu được

6 Sau hai tính từ : busy, worth

7 Thành lập noun compound ( danh từ kép )

N + gerund child bearing

Gerund + N  flying machine

B Gerund as a verb : có object hoặc được bổ nghĩa bởi một trạng từ

1 admit : thừa nhận

2 advise : khuyên ( không object )

3 anticipate : tham gia

4 appreciate : đánh giá cao

19 fancy : tưởng tượng

20 imagine : tưởng tượng

21 involve : làm liên lụy

33 recall : gợi lại, nhớ lại

34 recollect : gợi lại

46 restrict : hạn chế, giảm bớt, ngăn ngừa

* can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t help

* it is no use, it is no good, there is no use

* look forward to

* busy, worth

IV Past participle : qúa khứ phân từ – VoED/V3

1 Thêm trợ từ have+Vo-ED/V3 ( past participle ) perfect tense

2.Thêm trợ từ Be +VoED/V3(past participle) passive voice

3 Làm chức năng như adjective  passive meaning  cĩ thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause )

+ Có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

+ Có thể rút gọn câu khi một chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hành động

4 Thành lập adjective compound: tính từ kép

Adj + V ( PP – VoED/V3 )  new – born

6 Thêm “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp  V(plural )

educated(adj) the educated:những người có giáo dục

7 Thành lập causative form : thể truyền khuyến

S +have/get +object (chỉ vật)+ V ( PP – Vo ED/V3 )

V Present participle ( Vo + ing) hiện tại phân từ

1 Thêm trợ từ Be + Vo-ing để thành lập thì continuous tense

2 Làm tính từ  mang nghĩa chủ động ( active meaning )

 có thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause )

 có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nhượng bộ, lý do và điều kiện

 một chủ ngữ thực hiện 2 hành động có thể dùng present participle để rút gọn

3 Thêm mạo từ “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp :

Ex: to live  the living : những người đang sống

4 Thành lập tính từ kép ( adjective compound )

Adj Vo + ing  good – loking

VI Vo + ing or to infinitive

1 Recommend, begin, start, continue + To inf /Vo – ing

2 Forget, remember, regret: +to inf  chỉ tương lai

+Vo – ing  chỉ quá khứ

3 Stop to infinitive  ngừng việc đang làm để làm việc khác

Vo – ing :  ngừng việc đang làm

4 Try to infinitive : cố gắng

Vo – ing : thử

5 Need, want, require

To inf : mang nghĩa chủ động

Vo+ ing : mang nghĩa bị động (need: tobe + V (PP)

6 Would you mind + Vo- ing?

Would you mind if + S + past Subjunctive …?

7 Advise, allow, permit obj + to infi

 + Vo- ing

8 Prefer: + V-ing to V-ing:thích cái gì hơn cái gì

+ to infinitive: thích cái gì đó

9 Feel like + Vo ing: thích cái gì đó

Gerund , infinitive, participle

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund , infinitive, participle).

1. I caught him (climb) _ over my wall I asked him (explain) _ but he refused (say) _ anything, so in the end I had (let) _ him (go) _

2. When at last I succeeded in (convince) _ him that I wanted (get) _ home quickly he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car (leap) _ forward

3. I'm not used to (drive) _on the left

When you see everyone else (do) it you'll find it quite easy (do) _yourself

4. It is pleasant (sit) _by the fire at night and (hear) _the wind (howl) _outside

5. There was no way of (get) _out of the building except by (climb) _down a rope and Ann was too terrified (do) _this

6. We heard the engines (roar) _as the plane began (move) _ and we saw the people on the ground (wave) _good-bye

7. It's no good (write) _ to him; he never answers letters The only thing (do) _ is (go) _ and(see) _him

8. Why did you go all round the field instead of (walk) _ across it?

I didn't like (cross) _it because of the bull I never see a bull without (think) _that it wants (chase) _ me

9. The people in the flat below seem (be) _ having a party You can hear the champagne corks (thud) _ against their ceiling

10 I don't like (get) _bills but when I do get them I like (pay) _them promptly.

11 Ask him (come) _in Don't keep him (stand) _at the door.

12 The boys next door used (like) _(make) _ and (fly) _ model aero planes, but they seem

to have stopped (do) _ that now

13 I knew I wasn't the first (arrive) _, for I saw smoke (rise) _from the chimney.

14 We watched the men (saw) _the tree and as we were walking away heard it (fall) _with a

tremendous crash

15 I hate (see) _a child (cry) _.

16 We watched the children (jump) _from a window and (fall) _into a blanket held by the people

below

17 It is very unpleasant (wake) _ up and (hear) _ the rain (beat) _on the windows.

18 He saw the lorry (begin) _ (roll) _ forwards but he was too far away (do) _ anything

(stop) _it.

19 There are people who can't help (laugh) _when they see someone (slip) _on a banana skin.

20 I prefer (drive) _ to (be driven) _.

Exercise 2 Multiple choices

1 All the passengers were made their seat belts during the turbulence

A buckle B to buckle C buckling D for buckling

2 good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream.

3 I got my friend her car for the weekend

A to let me to borrow B to let me borrow

4 How can you let such a silly incident your friendship?

5 ‘How about going to the theater?' 'OK,' but I would rather a concert.'

A attend B to attend C attending D have attended

6 The skiers would rather through the mountains than go by bus

A to travel on train B traveled by train

C travel by train D traveling by the train

7 If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop _ lunch

A having B to have C having had D for having

8 The examiner made us _ our identification in order to be admitted to the test center

9 As we entered the room, we saw a rat towards a hole in the skirting board

A scamper B to scamper C scampering D was scampering

10 I remember to Paris when I was a very small child

A to be taken B to take C being taken D taking

11 My parents wouldn't _ to the party

A allow me go B allow me to go C allow me going D allow to go

12 We are going to have my house _ tomorrow morning

13 We hope that the students themselves will enjoy part in the projects

A to take B taking C to be taken D being taken

14 Sally's low test scores kept her from _ to the university

A admitting B to admit C to be admitted D being admitted

15 Are you sure you told me about the party? I don't recall _ about it.

A having told B to have told C having been told D to have been told

16 I meant to get up early but I forgot _ up my alarm clock

A wind B to wind C wind D wound

17 Look at the state of the gate It needs as soon as possible

A to repair B repairing C being repaired D be repaired

18 Alice didn't expect to Bill's party

A asking B being asked C to ask D to be asked

19 We asked the piano so early in the morning, but she won't

A Marie to stop playing B Marie stop to play

C that Marie stops playing D Marie to stop to play

20 A good teacher makes her students the world from new perspectives

A to view B view C to be viewed D viewing

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb.

1 The thief threatened (kill) to kill us if we phoned the police

2 She offered (help) _to help _me to clean the house

3 They attempted (win) _to win _the prize

4 There was a lot of traffic but we managed (go) _to go _to the airport

7 He is learning (play) _to play _piano

8 She asked me (give) to give her my book

9 She lets her children (sleep) _sleep on the floor

10 You had better (go) go _to bed early

Exercise 4:

1 My mother was afraid to let the boy _ the tree

A to risk climbing B to risk to climb C risk climbing D risk to climb

1 You had better _ at home until you feel better

2 Peter usually helps his mother

A to do housework B do housework C with housework D all are correct

3 She used that money _ a new car

4 Can you manage _ the report in the morning?

A finishing / to write B to finish / writing C finishing / writing D to finish / to write

5 Rex hotel was the best place for us _

A stays B staying C to stay D stay

6 You can’t stop me from _ what I want

7 I must go now I promise _ late

8 Do you want with you or do you want to go alone?

A me coming B me to come C that I will come D that I come

9 Suddenly he stopped the car in order

.11 I hate _ personal questions by newly-acquainted friends

A to be asking B to be asked C being asking D of asking

12 Japanese _ at the meeting

A will speak B will spoken C will be spoken D will be speaking

Exercise 5: Find the mistake

1 You had better learning a foreign language before applying for a job

Exercise 6: Choose the best answer

1 It was late, so we decided a taxi home

2 Simon was in a difficult situation, so I agreed _ him some money

3 How old were you when you learnt ?

A how to drive B how driving C how drive D how drivers

4 I waved to Karen but I failed her attention

A to be attracted B to attract C attracting D attracted

5 She always encouraged her son _

6 They seem _ plenty of money

7 I like Simon, but I think he tends _ too much

8 I don’t know whether for the job or not

Exercise 7 Choose the best answer to complete each of the sentences/Or identify the underlined part that needs correction:

1 I saw him off

2 You’d better an umbrella

3 Would you mind if I _ the window?

4 Wouldn’t you rather _?

A succeed B to succeed C succeeding D succeeded

5 He made me it all over again

6 I had the boy _ a letter yesterday

7 You must _ a lot of people

8 My father doesn’t let me _ out at night

9 We heard him downstairs.

10 Let’s an English song

11 We watched him the car

12 Why don’t you for a job?

13 I am planning Da Lat next week

14 I must go now I promised _ late

A not being B not to be C not being D won’t be

15 Suddenly he stopped the car in order

16 It was late, so we decided a taxi home

17 How old were you when you learnt _?

A how to drive B how drive C how driving D how driven

18 She always encourages her son harder

19 Don’t forget the letter I gave you

20 I got my father my bike

21 The fire isn’t hot enough _ a kettle

22 It is too cold for us

23 He went to Britain _English

24 I have some letters

25 It takes me ten minutes _to school every day

26 We expect him tomorrow

A arrive B arriving C to arrive D will arrive

27 Would you like to my birthday party?

28 I tried _the bus, but I missed it

29 Remember _Lan a present because today is her birthday

30 We were allowed _ photographs in this room

31 It took me a very long time recovering from the shock of her death

1 My parents don’t allow me to play games on computer.

 My parents don’t let _

2 I had my friend answer the questions

 I got my friend _

3 He spent an hour doing his homework last night

 It took

4 I am going to the post office I want to send some letter

 I am going to the post office in order _

5 My grandfather is very weak He can’t lift the box

 My grandfather is too

6 My father said that I could use his car

 My father allowed me

7 The sudden noise caused me to jump

The sudden noise made me

8 “John, please don’t tell anyone my new address”, said Mary

 Mary told John _

9 I don’t really want to visit the museum

 I’d rather

10 Lan told Nam:” Remember to send your parents my regard”

 Lan reminded Nam

11 The lesson was too long for us to learn by heart

 The lesson wasn’t short enough _

12 She was very stupid when she went out without a raincoat

 It was very stupid of her _

13 Would you mind making me some tea?

 Would you please

14 They got out of the car

 I watched them _

15 He was the first man who reached the top of the mountain

He was the first man to _

Exercise 9: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb

1 I am considering (take) _a trip to Europe next year

2 Do you mind (wait) _ a few minutes in the reception room?

3 We should avoid (give) an answer immediately

4 They have finished (paint) our apartment at last

5 You shouldn’t risk (go) out if you have a cold

6 The room needs (clean) _ It is very dirty

7 It is a waste of time (read) _that book

8 We spend two hours a day (learn) English

Exercise 10 Give the correct verb form:

1 Students stopped (make) _ noise when the teacher came in

2 She couldn’t help (shed) tears when she saw the film “Romeo and Juliet”

3 Would you mind (buy) me a newspaper?

4 They postpone (build) an Elementary School for the lack of finance

5 Are his ideas worth (listen) to?

6 My grandfather is used to (get) _ up early in the morning

7 They are looking forward to our (visit) _them

8 He used to fall asleep without (take) _ his shoes off

9 My watch keeps (stop) _

10 I remember (meet) you somewhere last month

Exercise 12 Rewrite the sentences without changing their meanings:

1 Would you please do it for me?

→ Would you mind ?

2 She doesn’t usually stay up so late

→ She is not used

3 The children like going in the rain

→ The children enjoy _

4 Why don’t we go out for a meal tonight?

→ I suggest _

5 It took her 2 hours to drive from London to Edinburgh

→ She spent

Exercise 13 Choose the best answer A, B, C or D

1 Instead of _ about the good news, Tom seemed to be different

A exciting B to excite C being excited D to be excited

2 I remember to the zoo when I was a child

A to take B to be taken C taking D being taken

3 Would you mind not _ the radio on until I’ve finished with this phone call?

A turning B to turn C being turned D to be turned

4 Julia’s children are used to _ after school every day They don’t have to walk home

A picking up B to pick up C being picked up D to be picked up

5 It’s not good to avoid _ the teacher’s questions in class

A answer B answering C answered D to answer

6 It is no good _ sorry for yourself

A to feel B feeling C feel D felt

7 Everyday I spend two hours _ speaking English

A practise B to practise C practising D practised

8 Tommy admitted _ the rock through the window

A throwing B being throwing C to throw D to be thrown

9 He suggested _ a double railway tunnel

A to build B built C building D that building

10 I was reading my books, but I stopped _ a programme on TV

A reading to watch B to read to watch

C to read for watching D reading watching

11 Does Dr Johnson mind at home if his patients need his help?

A to call B to be called C calling D being called

12 We hope that the students themselves will enjoy _ part in the projects

A to take B taking C to be taken D being taken

13 Your house needs _

A redecorate B redecorating C redecorated D to redecorate

14 Please wait a minute My boss is busy something

15 The children stopped _ games when their mother came home

16 I really regret _ your feeling when I asked you such a silly question

17 I can’t go on here any more I want a different job.

18 My uncle has given up _ for 3 years

A to smoke B smoking C smoke D smoked

19 This girl can't bear alone

20 I must drive more carefully I can’t risk another speeding ticket

Exercise 14 Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.

21 You had better learn a foreign language before apply for a job

31 Shall we go for a ride?

A What about going for a ride? B What about go for a ride?

C What about to go for a ride? D What about to going for a ride?

32 Why don’t we go to the cinema for a change?

A I suggest going to the cinema for a change B I suggest go to the cinema for a change

C I suggest not going to the cinema for a change D I suggest to go to the cinema for a change

33 Please don’t play music so loudly

A Would you mind playing your music so loudly? B Would you mind not play your music so loudly?

C Would you mind not to play your music so loudly?

D Would you mind not playing your music so loudly?

34 Shall we invite our friends to the party on Sunday?

A Do you consider to invite our friends to the party on Sunday?

B Do you consider inviting our friends to the party on Sunday?

C Do you consider invite our friends to the party on Sunday?

D Do you consider to inviting our friends to the party on Sunday?

35 Let’s get together next Saturday

A How about get together next Saturday? B How about let getting together next Saturday?

C How about getting together next Saturday? D How about let get together next Saturday?

Exercise 16:Choose the best answer

1 We are looking forward _ you again soon.

2 I remember _ but he said I did not

C buying him a book D to have bought him a book

3 Remember _ john a present today is his birthday

4 I suggest _ some more mathematical puzzles

5 The driver stopped _ a coffee because he felt sleepy

6 That old man tried to stop _ because of his bad health

7 She tried to be serious, but she couldn’t help

8 He tried to avoid my question

9 Jim is 65, but he isn’t going to retired yet He wants to carry on _

10 Hello! Fancy _ you here! What a surprise!

11 I can’t bear this dirty room

12 Something _ immediately to prevent teenagers from _ in factories and mines

A should be done / being exploited B we should do / exploiting

C should do I be exploited D should have done / exploited

Exercise 17: Find the mistake:

1 Before to go out, you have to remember to turn off the computer

Exercise 18: Choose the best answer

1 Mr Thomas does not allow people _ in his office

2 We are not allowed _ in that restricted area

3 I’ve put off _ the letters so many times I really must do it today

4 He began English 2 years ago

5 It takes 5 minutes _ to the school

6 My mother told me _ hope.

A not to give up B not to giving up C not giving up D not give up

7 Mary was the last applicant _ by that interviewer

A to be interviewed B to be interviewing C to have interviewed D to interview

8 Huong never lets me _ her books

Exercise 19

1/ I’m worried _ my final exam in statistics

A about falling B to fall C with falling D to fallure

2/ the scholarship really surprised me

A Mike got B Mike getting C Mike’s getting D Mike gets

3/ Many northerners look forward _ a garden in the spring

A to plant B to planting C with planting D to planting of

4/ “May I have a word with you ,Mrs Adam ? ” – “ Is this in regard late yesterday ?”

5/ Who is responsible _ the garbage – the husband of the wife ?

A to take out B for take out C for taking out D with taking out

6/ I think at the train station will surprise Aunt Kate

A your being B you are C you being D you to be

7/ “ How do I turn on the T.V ? ” – “ _ the button at the right ”

A From pushing B By pushing C You pushing D To push

8/ “It’s difficult to make money as an artist ”

– “ Have you considered _ a course in business for artists ?”

A To take B about taking C your taking D taking

9/ “ Why have you decided to go back to school ”

– “ I’m tired _ as a secretary ”

A for work B to work C of working D about working

10/ “ We were opponents of the political regime in our country.”

“ And that led to to the United States thirty – five years ago ”

11/ “Did you understand the solution to the calculus problem ?” – “ Not very well Dr Baker’s was complicated ”

A explain B explaining C explanation D explained

12/ “ How do you like American food ?”

– “ Well, it’s not bad Now I _ hamburgers ”

13/ We insisted _ by the manager

A to be seen B to see C on being seen D on seeing

14/ _ for director must have surprised you

A Your being nominated B You nominated

15/ “ What are you reading ?”

– “ It’s a magazine article your own furniture ”

A to make it B about make C about making D for make

16/ a foreign language well is a long process

A Learn B Learning C To learning D Having learned

17/ What do you enjoy _ in your free time ?

18/ You can’t go to England without _ to Bucking ham Palace

A go B being gone C to go D going

19/ Would you mind not _ ?

A to be smoking B to smoke C smoking D smoke

20/ She was worried about by thieves

A being robbed B robbing C being rob D be robbing

Exercise 20

1/ I can’t afford _ you any more money

A borrowing B to borrow C to lend D my lending2/ The teacher encouraged _ good compositions

A us write B us to write C us writing D us to writing3/ “ Stacey seems like a bright student ”

- “ She’s always the first her work.”

C to being finished with D to be finish with

/ Please ask the restaurant clientele in the no smoking area

A don’t smoke B not to smoke C not smoking D don’t to smoke5/ “Why have you given up your job ? ”

– “ on my present salary is impossible ”

A For me to live B To live for me C Me living D I live

6/ “What’s wrong with Henry ? ” – “ He needs ”

A cheer up B to be cheer up C cheering up D to cheered up7/ “Why are you mad ?” – “ I dislike by my first name ”

A you call B you to call me C your calling me D you call me8/ “ Which baseball team do you support ?”

– “ We’d like ”

C the Tigers will win D the Tigers to win

9/ “ May I help you ?”

– “ Yes , I need someone _ the tire on my car ”

10/ “I heard Fred is going to work for the ambassader ”

– “ Yes , he was lucky _ such a good job.”

A to give B about getting C to be given D to be giving11/ Can you get the teacher us less homework ?

12/ “ Mary hasn’t been feeling well lately ”

– “ Yes, we want _ by a doctor ”

C him to be examined D he is examined

13/ “ How did you travel so cheaply in Europe ? ”

– “ We reduced our expenses by taking the train and _ in inexpensive restaurants ”

14/ “ Your homemade ice cream is so good What’s your secret ?”

– “ _ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream ”

15/ “ I’d like to go bowling tonight ”

“ Don’t forget we’ve already made plans _ to dinner at the Caihouns’ ”

Why are you mad , Katherine ?” – “ That traffic jam _ be late ”

A made us B caused us C had us to D forced us

17/ “ My mother says I can’t marry Jim” – “ She should let your own mind.”

18/ I can’t open the top of this apple juice “ – “ it.”

19/ I can hear a cat at the widow

20/ “ Why do the police want to talk to you ?” – “ Because we saw the money _ last night.”

a stealing b been stolen c stole d stolen

Exercise 22

1 I enjoy - to the park on summer evenings

2 Don’t forget - home as soon as you arrive at your destination

A to call B calling C having called D to be called

3 When I kept getting unwanted calls, I called the phone company and had my phone number -.The process was easier than I expected it to be

A change B changed C to change D changing

4 Jean should seriously consider - an actress She is a very talented performer

A to become B become C becoming D will become

5 television to the exclusion of all other activities si not a healthy habit for a growing child

A To be watched B Being watched C Watching D Watch

6 After their children had grown up Mr and Mrs Sills decided - to a condominium in the city.They’s never been sorry

A to have moved B moving C move D to move

7 I truly appreciated - to give the commencement address, but I wasn’t able to accept the honorbecause of a previous commitment

A asking B to have asked C to ask D having been asked

The store manager caught the cashier - money from the cash register and promptly called thepolice They discovered that it had been going on for a long time

A to sneak B sneaking C to have sneaked D.being sneaked

9 My roommate’s handwriting is very bad, so he had me -his paper for him last night

A to type B type C to have typed D boil

10 The municipal authorities advised - all drinking water during the emergency

A to boil B to be boiled C boiling D boil

11 If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop - lunch

A having B to have C having had D for having

12 Our schedule is not working out We should discuss - our daily routine I don’t feel as thoughwe’re getting enough accomplished

A changing B to change C to have changed D.being changed

13 I can’t recall - that old movie, but maybe I did many years ago

A having seen B to have seen C to see D having been seen

14 Our school basketball team won the championship game by - two points in the last five seconds Itwas the most exciting game I have ever attended

A being scored B to score C scoring D score

15 The flight attendants made all the passengers - their seat belts during the turbulence

A to buckle B to have buckled C buckling D buckle

16 It has become necessary - water in the metropolitan area because of the severe drought

A rationing B ration C to have fationed D to ration

17 You can’t blame Ralph for - to eat that dessert It looked delicious

A to be tempted B tempted C be tempted D having been tempted

18 Let’s leave early, so we’ll be ahead of the rush of commuters We can’t risk - in heavy trafficduring rush hour

A holding up B being held up C having held up D to hold up

19 It is always interesting - people in airprots while you’re waiting for a flight

A being observed B observe C to have observed D to observe

20 I got everyone in the family - Jane’s birthday card before I sent it to her

PASSIVE VOICE ( CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG )

I Form:

Active: S + V + O + ……

Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……

Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend

S V O

Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend

S be V3/ed by

II CÁCH ĐỔI ACTIVE VOICE SANG PASSIVE VOICE

Ex: Active sentence: Peter took this book yesterday

Passive sentence: This book was taken by Peter yesterday

Trong câu chủ động:

- Peter → Subj ; took → động từ chính (Past simple)

- this book → Obj; yesterday → trạng từ chỉ thời gian

Trong câu bi động:

- Obj ( this book) → Subj ; Subj ( Peter) →by Obj

- took (động từ chính) → taken (V 3 / VoED - Past participle)

- thêm was vì động từ chính (took) đang chia thì Past simple

A Tổng quát:

Active sentence: Subj + V + Obj

Passive sentence: Subj + BE + V3 / VoED(động từ chính) + by Obj

1- Chuyển: Obj -> Subj; Subj > by Obj (Có thể bỏ nếu by Obj không cần thiết)

2-Thêm BE và chia thì tương ứng với thì câu chủ động

Nghĩa là: Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “ To Be” phải chia ở thì đó ) Như vậy: trong câu bị động “ To Be” có vai trò chia thì, Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị

- Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là danh từ chỉ vật liệu, dụng cụ -> câu bị động thay by bằng with + Obj

Ex: Moss is covering this wall -> This wall is being covered with moss

- Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là: nothing, no one, nobody -> câu bị động bỏ by Obj và ở thể phủ định Ex: No one helps me -> I am not helped.

3 Chuyển động từ chính sang -> V3 hoặc Vo ED

(Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị động-không chia thì)

4 Thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động (Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì To

be phải chia ở thì đó )

5 Giữ lại động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verb) trong câu bị động nếu có.

Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to,

Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should + Vo + object

→Passive: S + will/would, shall/should + be + V3 / Vo ED (+ by object).

Ex: Police will destroy these drugs → These drugs will be destroyed by police.

6 Đặt trạng từ chỉ thể cách (adj + ly) trước Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có

Ex: People use English widely → English is widely used

7 Giữ nguyên giới từ sau Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có

8 Đặt trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn trước BY, trạng từ chỉ thời gian sau BY nếu có Place + by Obj + Time

Ex: Mr Pike built this school in my village last year

→ This school was built in my village by Mr Pike last year

9 Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) as an Adjective, do đó động từ theo sau hầu hết là To infinitive

Ex: She makes me cry → I am made to cry

III NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PASSIVE VOICE ĐẶC BIỆT

1-Causative form(thể truyền khuyến):

a/Active voice: -S + Have + Obj(chỉ người) + Vo

Ex: I have him repair my bicycle

-S + Get + Obj (chỉ người) + to infi

Ex: I get him to repair my bicycle

b/Passive voice: -S + Have/Get + Obj (chỉ vật) + V3 / Vo ED

Ex: I have/get my bicycle repaired by him.

2 Sau những động từ chỉ ý kiến (verb of opinion): say, think , believe, report, rumour, know, consider, claim

Active: S1+ verb1 ( say/ believe/ think ) (that) +S2+ verb2

Passive:

Cách 1: It + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + S2 + verb 2

Cách 2: S2 + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + to-infinitive (verb 2) /

to have + V3 / Vo ED (verb 2) nếu V1 khác thì V2

Ex: People say that he was crazy

→ Cách 1: It is said that he was crazy or

→ Cách 2: He is said to have been crazy.( to have been vì say và was khác thì) .

Ex: People say that money brings happiness

→ Cách 1: It is said that money brings happiness

→ Cách 2: Money is said to bring happiness.( Dùng to bring vì say và bring cùng thì)

3 Sau những động từ chỉ giác quan(verb of perception): see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice, make,

help, bid

Ex: I hear him come in -> He is heard to come in (nếu câu chủ động là coming thì giữ nguyên trong câu

bị động)

4 Imperative(câu mệnh lệnh):

Ex: a Open the door -> Let the door be opened

b They let him go out -> He was allowed to go out / He was let to go out

5 Sau những động từ: like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope.

Ex: He wants KHA to take photographs→ He wants photographs to be taken by KHA

Ex: He does not like people laughing at him > He does not like being laughed at

6 Các động từ: advise, agree, insist, arrange, suggest, propose, recommend, determine, decide, demand, beg, urge, order, request

Ex: He advised me to accept this job

Cách 1: He advised me this job should be accepted

→ Cách 2: I was advised to accept this job

7- Need + to be + V3 / Vo ED = Need + Voing

Ex: Your shirt needs to be ironed / Your shirt needs ironing.

8- It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth

Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + V3 / Vo ED

Ex: - It is important to finish this exercise

=>It is important for this exercise to be finished

- It is necessary to copy this lesson

=> It is necessary for this lesson to be copied

- It is time to feed the chicken => It is time for the chicken to be fed 9- Các trường hợp khác:

Ex Please enter this way -> You are requested to enter this way

Dưới đây là vài ví dụ về cách thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động a.The simple present: S + Vo/Ve/es → S + am/is/are/ +V3 / Vo ED

Ex: She cleans the floor everyday → Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday b.The present continuous: S + am/ is/ are + Vo + ing

→ S + am/ is/ are + being + V3 / Vo ED

Ex: Mr.Baker is repairing the car →Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker c.The present perfect: S+ has/have + V3 / Vo ED

→ S+ has/have + been + V3 / Vo ED

Ex: Someone has stolen the bicycles → Passive: The bicycles have been stolen d.The simple past: S + Vo ED/ V2 → S + was/ were + V3 / Vo ED.

Ex: Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)

→Passive: Where were the drugs found ?

e.The past continuous: (S + was/ were + V-ing )

→ S + was / were + being + V3 / Vo ED

Ex: They were preparing lunch when I came there yesterday

→ Lunch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.

f The past perfect: S+ had + V3 / Vo ED → S+ had been + V3 / Vo ED

Ex: She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm

→ Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m

g- Who + V + object ? Passive: - By whom ? - Who by ?

Ex: Who wrote this novel ?

→ Passive: - By whom was this novel written ?

hoặc: Who was this novel written by ?

Exercise 1: Passive and Active voice

1 People drink a great deal of tea in England.

2 Tom was writing two poems.

3 She often takes her dog for a walk.

4 People speak English all over the world.

5 A group of students have met their friends at the railway station.

6 They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.

7 The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.

8 How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?

9 This well-known library attracts many people.

10 My mother used to make us clean the house.

11 He likes people to call him “Sir”.

12 They are going to have someone repair their car

13 People say that he is intelligent.

14 He can’t repair my bike.

15 Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock.

16 Mr Smith has taught us French for 2 years.

17 They didn’t look after the children properly.

18 Nobody swept this street last week.

19 How many lessons are you going to learn next month?

20 You need to do this work.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences in the passive :

1 They will construct some new airports on islands

5 Someone will tell you when you go in to see the doctor

6 They should have finished the hotel by the time you arrive

10 They ought to have reported the accident to the police

………

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the given words, active or passive

1 Chris has good news The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday (may + offer)

……… her a job soon

2 Good news! I (may + offer) ……… a job soon I had an interview at an

engineering firm yesterday

3 You (should + open) ……… the wine about three hours before you use it

4 You (mustn’t + move) ……… this man; he is too ill He (will + have to + leave)

……… here

5 You (must + take) ……… those books back to the library yesterday

6 We tried, but the window (couldn’t + open) ………

7 You (must + keep) ……… meat in a refrigerator or it will spoil

8 I (had better + wash) ……… my clothes today, or they will be very smelly

9 Someone (should + tell) ……… James the news immediately

10 This application (be supposed to + send) ………… to the personnel department soon

Exercise 4: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.

1 I shouldn’t ……… so much coffee last night I was wide awake till four in the morning

2 The profits are supposed ……… among the shareholders

A to divide B to be divided C dividing D being divided

3 When you are on duty, your uniform must ……… at all times

4 You promised her a letter; you ought to ……… days ago

A write B be writing C have written D be written5.After the test papers ……… to the students in class tomorrow, the students

……… their next assignment

A will return – will be given B will be returned – are given

C are returning – are giving D are returned – will be given

6 The class for next semester is too large It ought to ……… in half

A be divided B divide C have divided D have been divided

7 The entire valley can ……… from their mountain home

8 He is wearing a gold ring on his fourth finger He must………

A have been married B be married C marry D have married

9 A child should ……… everything he or she wants

A gives B give C have been given D be given

10 Your daughter has a good voice Her interest in singing ……… encouraged.

11 I found this book on my desk when I came to class It must …… by one of the students in earlier class

A be left B have been left C leave D have left

12 You had better ……….your chores before Mom gets home

A be finished B have finished C have been finished D finish

13 These books will have to ……… to the library tomorrow

A return B have returned C being returned D be returned

14 Ann’s birthday was on the 5th, and now it’s already the 8th Her birthday card … a week ago

C should have been sent D should have sent

15 You ……… me to Dr Gray We’ve already met

A don’t have to introduce B mustn’t be introduced

C shouldn’t introduce D mustn’t introduce

16 Bill ……….Ann to the party tomorrow

A will be invited B will invite C will have invited D will have been invited

17 A new hospital ……….in this area

A are going to be built B builds C is going to be built D is going to build

18 Mike ……… What’s going on in his English class

A can’t understand B can’t be understood

C could have understood D could have been understood

19 Our test papers ……….by our teachers now

A are marking B are being marked C will mark D will be marked

20 ……….the birds in your garden at three o’clock yesterday afternoon?

A Did you feed B Were you fed C Were you being fed D Were you feeding

Exercise 5: Multiple choices

1 Many U.S automobiles - in Detroit, Michigan

A manufacture B have manufactured C are manufactured D are manufacturing

2 I still can’t believe it! My bicycle - last night

A was stolen B was stealing C stolen D stole

3 Let’s go ahead and do it now Nothing - by waiting

A will be accomplished B accomplished C has accomplished D accomplishes4.” When -? “ - In 1928

A penicillin was discovered B did penicillin discovered

C was penicillin discovered D did penicillin discover

5 The rescuers - for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers

A were praised B praised C were praising D praising

6 Vitamin C - by the human body It gets into the bloods stream quickly

A absorbs easily B is easily absorbing C is easily absorbed D absorbed easily

7 Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters His paintings - masterpieces all over the world

A had considered B are considering C are considered D consider

8 We can’t go along here because the road is -

A been repaired B being repaired C repaired D repairing

9 More than 50 films - in HCMC since June

A were shown B had been shown C have been shown D have shown

10 George is - Lisa

A marry with B marry to C married with D married to

11 Somebody cleans the room every day

A The room every day is cleaned B The room is every day cleaned

C The room is cleaned every day D The room is cleaned by somebody every day

12 They cancelled all flights because of fog

A All flights because of fog were cancelled B All flights were cancelled because of fog

C All flights were because of fog cancelled D.All flights were cancelled by them because of fog

13 People don't use this road very often

A This road is not used very often B Not very often this road is not used

C This road very often is not used D This road not very often is used

14 Somebody accused me of stealing money

A I was accused by somebody of stealing money B I was accused of stealing money

C I was accused of stealing money by somebody D I was accused stealing money

15 How do people learn languages?

A How are languages learned? B How are languages learned by people?

C How languages are learned? D Languages are learned how?

16 People warned us not to go out alone

A We were warned not going out alone B We were warned not to go out alone by people

C We weren't warned to go out alone D We were warned not to go out alone

17 Somebody is using the computer at the moment

A The computer is being used at the moment

B The computer at the moment is being used

C The computer is being used by somebody at the moment

D The computer is used at the moment

18 I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation

A I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded

B I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded.

C I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone

D Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded

19 We found that they had cancelled the game

A We found that the fame had been cancelled

B The game had been cancelled

C We found that the game had been cancelled by them

D The game were found to be cancelled

20 They are building a new highway around the city

A A new highway is being built around the city

B A new highway is being built around the city by them

C A new highway around the city is being built

D Around the city a new highway is being built

Exercise 6 : Choose the best answer

1 Sarah is wearing a blouse It of cotton

2 The boy _ by the teacher yesterday

3 yet?

A Have the letters been typed B Have been the letters typed

C Have the letters typed D Had the letters typed

4 His car needs

A be fixed B fixing C to be fixing D fixed

5 It's a pity but nothing be done to improve the situation

6 He was made smoking

7 We had a French architect our villa

8 This car _

A was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year B was manufactured by Toyota in last year in Japan

C was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota D last year was manufactured by Toyota in Japan

9 Some film stars difficult to work with

A are said be B are said to be C say to be D said to be

10 Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy at

A be laughed B to be laughed C laughing D being laughed

Exercise 7: Find out the mistake:

1 When I have been finished my work, I’m going to take a walk

5 I remember to be taken to the zoo when I was a child.

Exercise 8: Choose the best answer

1 People say that playing football is the most interesting

A The most important thing is playing football B It was said that playing football to be the most interesting

C It is said that playing football is the most interesting D Playing football is said to be the most interesting

2 People say that he died in the accident

A It was said that he was died in the accident B It is said that he was died in the accident

C He is said to have died in the accident D He is said to die in the accident

3 Have they changed the window of the laboratory?

A Has the window changed of the laboratory? B Has the window of the laboratory changed?

C Has the window of the laboratory been changing? D Has the window of the laboratory been changed?

4 Tom bought that book yesterday

A That book was bought yesterday by Tom B That book was bought by Tom yesterday

C That book yesterday was bought by Tom D That book bought yesterday by Tom

5 They have to hold the meeting in this narrow room

A The meeting had to be hold in this narrow room B The meeting has to be hold in this narrow room C.The meeting has to be holded in this narrow room D The meeting has to be held in this narrow room

6 No one has cleaned the floor for weeks

A The floor hasn’t been cleaned for weeks B The floor has been cleaned by someone for weeks

C The floor haven’t cleaned for weeks D The floor are had cleaned for weeks

7 The teacher is going to tell a story

A A story is going to be told by the teacher B A story is going to tell by the teacher

C A story be told by the teacher D A story is going to tell the teacher

8 Someone was cleaning the room when I arrived

A The room cleaned when I arrived B The room was being cleaned when I arrived

C The room was cleaned when I arrived D The room was cleaning when I arrived

9 We will finish the report in time

A The report will finish in time B The report will be finish in time

C The report will be finished in time D The report is finished in time

Exercise 9 : Change into the passive voice

1 I need to wash my car

My car _

2 They have just built a new primary school in my village

A new primary school _

3 They are painting the kitchen now

Exercise 10 Multiple choice:

1 The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell

A invented B is inventing C be invented D was invented

2 Mr Pike the most famous archaeologist in our city

A says to be B is said to be C is said that C said to be

3 Many people believe that God created the world

A It believes that God created the world

B The world is believed God created

C God is believed to create the world

D God is believed to have created the world

4 _to be the richest man in the USA

A Bill Gates B Bill Gates says C Bill Gates is D Bill Gates is said

5 John is said to have been stolen the money

A It is said that John steals the money

B It is said that John was stolen money

C People said John was stolen the money

D People say that John steals the money

6 It is said that many people are homeless after the floods

A Many people say to be homeless after the floods

B Many people said are homeless after the floods

C Many people are said to be homeless after the floods

D Many people are said to have been homeless after the floods

7 They think visiting the pyramids is interesting

A The pyramids are thought interesting to be visited

B It is thought the pyramids are visited interesting

C Visiting the pyramids is thought to be interesting

D Visiting the pyramids is thought to have been interesting

8 The skyscraper is said to have been built in 1930

A They said the skyscraper was built in 1930

B It was said that the skyscraper was built in 1930

C They are said the skyscraper is built in 1930

D It is said that the skyscraper was built in 1930

9 They predict that a heavy storm will come in the area

A A heavy storm is predicted to have come in the area

B It is predicted that a heavy storm would come in the area

C A heavy storm is predicted to come in the area

D It is predicted that a heavy storm came in the area

10 _how the ancient Egyptian carried such heavy blocks of stone

A People do not know B People have not been known

C It has not known D It has not known

11 John The Great Pyramid of Giza

A said to have been visited B is said to have visited

C is said to have been visited D said to have visited

12 People say that six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world were destroyed

A It was said that six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world were destroyed

B Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world were said to be destroyed

C Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world are said to have destroyed

D Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world are said to have been destroyed

13 It is believed that a buried treasure was hidden in the tomb

A They believed that a buried treasure was hidden in the tomb

B A buried treasure is believed that was hidden in the tomb

C A buried treasure is believed to hide in the tomb

D A buried treasure is believed to have been hidden in the tomb

14 George another trip to Greece

A is said to be planned B said to be planned

C said to be planning D is said to be planning

15 _ some precious things stolen from that ancient tomb