Ôn thi ĐH phần Ngữ Pháp

CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP LESSON 1: TENSES IN ENGLISH ( Cạc thç trong tiãúng Anh) TENSES IN ENGLISH (cạc thç trong tiãúng Anh) PHÁƯN A: L THUÚT Tenses Form Trảng tỉì thỉåìng gàûp Cach dng & vê dủ 1.The S. present (Thç Hiãûn tải âån) S + bare-V/V-s/V-es S+do/does+ NOT+ bare-V Do/Does+ S+ bare-V ? - always, ofen, usually,frequentyl y sometimes=occasi onally, rarely=seldom, once or tiwce a week, never *1 thọi quen hiãûn tải- - ex: He usually (go) goes t o school in the morning * 1 sỉû tháût hiãøn nhiãn hay 1 chán l- - ex: The sun (rise) rises in the East. 2. The Present Continuous (Thç HT tiãúp diãùn) S+ am/is/ are+ V-ing S + am/is/are+ NOT+ V-ing Am/is/are+ S+ V-ing? at the moment, at the time,Verb! (look!, listen!, be quiet) at present = now * 1 sỉû viãûc âang tiãúp diãùn åí hiãûn tải - It (rain) is raining now. - Lan (eat) is eating a t preent - Listen! She (sing) is singing 3. The Present Perfect (Thç HT hon thnh) S + have/has + V3/Ved S + have/has +NOT+ V3/V- ed Have/Has + S + V3/V-ed? for + khong tgian since + âiãøm tgian never, ever, just = recently = lately, so far = up to now = up to the present= until now,already, yet,this is the first * 1 sỉû viãûc xy ra trong QK khäng cọ thåìi gian xạc âënh r. ex: She (vêsit) has visited Ha Long Bay several times. * 1 sỉû viãûc xy ra åí QK cn tiãúp diãùn åí hiãûn tải, dng “for” hồûc “since” - We (learn) have learnt English for 7 years. - My mother (be) has been sick sinse yesterday * 1 sỉû viãûc vỉìa måïi xy ea, dng “just” hồûc “recently” - Lan (just buy) has just bought a new shirt. CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP time , several times. 4. The Present perfect continuous (Thç hiãûn tải hon thnh tiãúp diãùn) S + have/has + been + V- ing S+have/has+NOT+been+V- ing Have/Has + S + been + V- ing? for + khong tgian since + âiãøm tgian so far = up to now = up to the present= until now * Giäúng thç hiãûn tải hon thnh nhỉng nháún mảnh 1 sỉû viãûc bàõt âáưu trong QK kẹo di âãún hiãûn tải v cn tiãúp tủc åí tỉång lai. - She (wait) has been waiting to see you since 2 o’ clock . - He (work) has been working in this factory for 4 years. 5. The Simple Past (Thç Quạ Khỉï âån) S + V2/V-ed S + did + NOT + bare-V Did +S + bare- V? - Yessterday, last (last week /month/ year ), ago, in + year(in 2000 ) * 1 sỉû viãûc xy ra v cháúm dỉït trong QK cọ thåìi gian xạc âënh r. - She (meet) met him yesterday. - Mr Pike (stay) stayed here last night * 1 thọi quen åí QK v cháúm dỉït åí hiãûn tải (= used to + bare -V) ex: He (go) went/ used to go fishing with his father when he a children 6. The Past Continuous (Thç Quạ Khỉï Tiãúp Diãùn) S + was/ were + V-ing S + was/ were + NOT + V- ing Was/ were + S + V-ing? At the time, at the moment, at present, at 5 P.m/ at 5 o’clock + Thåìi gian Quạ Khỉï * 1 sỉû viãûc xy ra åí 1 thåìi âiãøm củ thãø våïi thåìi gian xạc âënh r trong QK. - At this time last night, she (study) was studying lessons at home. * 2 sỉû viãûc xy ra cng 1 lục v kẹo di tải mäüt thåìi âiãøm trong QKhỉï. - My mother (cook) was cooking while my father (watch) was watching TV. * 2 sỉû viãûc cng xy ra teong QK, trong 1 SV dang tiãúp diãùn (dng thç QK tiãúp diãùn) v 1 Sv khạc âäüt ngäüt xy ra (QK âån) -When he ( drive) was driving, he (see) saw a serious accident. CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP 7. The Past Perfect :(Thỗ QKHoaỡn Thaỡnh) S + had + V3/ V-ed S + had + NOT + V3/ V-ed Had + S + V3/ V-ed? Caùc tổỡ thổồng duỡng: before, after, by, *Dióựn taớ 1 haỡnh õọỹng hoaỡn tỏỳt trổồùc tgzin hoỷc haỡnh õoỹng khaùc trong QK - Before 1975, he (work) had worked in that factory - When I (come ) come , he (leave) had left - After he (graduate) had graduated , he (go) went abroad. 8. The Past Perfect :(Thỗ QKHoaỡn Thaỡnh tióỳp dióựn) S + had + been + V-ing S + had + NOT + been + V- ing Had + S + been + V-ing? Caùc tổỡ thổồng duỡng: before, after, by, * Dióựn taớ 1 haỡnh õoỹng xaớy ra vaỡ keùo daỡi trong quaù khổù cho õeùn khi coù haỡnh õọỹnh quaù khổù thổù 2 khaùc xaớy ra ( haỡnh õọỹng naỡy duỡng thỗ quaù khổù õồn) vaỡ thồỡi gian keùo daỡi thổồỡng nóu roợ trong cỏu. - They (play) had been playing card for 2 hours before I came. 9. The Simple future (Thỗ Tổồng Lai õồn) S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/shall + NOT + bare- V Will/Shall + S + bare-V? Tomorrow, next (next week/ month/ year ), someday, *dióựn taớ 1 haỡnh õọỹng seợ xaớy ra trong tổồng lai. - Tomorrow he (visit ) will viisit me. - She (stay) will stay at next Monday. *** Mọỹt sọỳ trổồỡng hồỹp lổu yù: 1. Mọỹt sọỳ õọỹng tổỡ khọng dổỷoc duỡng ồớ thỗ tióỳp dióựn nhổ: be, see, hear, feel, taste, know, understand, like, hate, want, need, love, prefer, remember, forget, realize, believe, seem, suppose, Ex: They want to go for a walk CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP PHÁÖN B : BAÌI TÁÛP Choose a, b, c or d that best completes each sentence: I will see him when he here tomorrow. a. comes b. will come c. has come d. had come The boys broke a window when they football. a. played b. were playing c. haf played d. are playing What to you yesterday? a. happened b. did happen c. had happen d. was happening It was the most exciting film I . a. never saw b. ever saw c. had ever seen d. have ever seen He said that he his work since 7 o’clock. a. Did b. has done c. had done d. would do I about him when suddenly he came in. a. talk b. talked c. am talking d. was talking Please don’t touch anything before . a. the police will come b. the police comes c. the police come d. the police would come “When ?” - In 1928 a. penicillin was discovered b. was penicillin discovered b. did penicillin discovered d. did penicillin discover They have been in love with each other they were young a. while b. until c. for d. since Do you know what there yesterday? a. she is doing b. was doing c. did she do d. she did At present, that author a historical novel. a. is writing b. was writing c. has written d. had written By next month, I my first novel. a. will finish b. am going to finish b. finish d. will have finished I the money from him yet. a. haven’t received b. don’t receive c. will receive d. am receiving Don’t make noise. My mother with her friend. a. is talking b. was talking c. talks d. talked the teacher gave me a passing grade. a. After taking the test b. After I take the test b. After I took the test d. After I had taken the test No sooner the office than the phone rang a. was he leaving b. he was leaving c. he had left d. had he left 17. How many times there so far? A few times. CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP a. have you been b. would you be c. were you d. had you been 18. It’s at least a month since Tom. a. I last seen b. I last see c. I have last seen d. I last saw 19. Up to then, I such a big fire. a. have never seen b. had never seen c. never seen d. never see 20. I her since I a student. a. know/ am b. knew/ was c. have known/ am d. have known/ was 21. They for 3 hours when the storm suddenly broke. a. had been running b. have been running c. are running d. will be running 22. I assumed you paying for the repairs until the end of last year. a. have been b. was been c. are being d. had been 23. get tired of answering the same questions every day? a. Have you ever b. Had you ever c. Do you ever d. Are you ever 24. She working on that manuscript for 2 year now. a. will be b. has been c. had been d.is 25. I there once a long time ago and back since. a. went/have not been b. go/am not c. have gone/was d. was going/had not been 26. She trying to pass her driving test but fails every time. a. kept b. is keeping c.did want d. keeps 27. I complete silence now while I try this experiment. a. am wanting b. want c. had wanted d. have wanted 28.The students by Mrs.Monty. However, this week they by Mr.Tanzer. a. are usually taught/are being taught b. usually teach/are teaching c. have usually been taught/have been teaching d. were usually teaching /are teaching 29. No matter what happens next I help you. a. am b. have c. will d.would 30. In the last hundred years, traveling much easier and more comfortable. a. becomes b. has become c. became d. will become 31. In the 19th century, it two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. a. took b. had taken c. had taken d.was taking 32. In the past the trip very rough and often dangeruos, but things a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. a. was/have changed b. is/change c. had been/will change d.hasbeen/changed 33. Now you from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours. a. are flying b. would fly c. will fly d. can fly CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP 34. When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television. a. was calling/watched b. called/have watched c. called/was watching d. had called/watched 35.By this time next summer, you your studies. a.completes b.will complete c.are completing d. will have completed 36. Right now, Jim the newspaper and kathy dinner. a. reads/has cooked b. is reading/is cooking c.has read/was cooking d. read/will be cooking 37. Last night at this time, they the same thing. She and he the newspaper. a. are doing/is cooking/is reading b. were doing/was cooking/was reading c. was doing/has cooked/is reading d. had done/was cooking/read 38. When I home last night, I that Jane a beautiful candle light dinner. a. had arrived/discovered/preparing b. was arriving/has discovered/was preparing c. have arrived/was discovering/had prepared d. arrived/discovered/was preparing 39.The sun late in winter. a. is rising always b. rises always c. is always rising d. always rises 40. While I Tv last night, a mouse ran across the floor. a. watch b. watched c. was watching d. am watching 41.This is the most intersting novel a. I’ve read b. I had read c. I’ve never read d. I’ve ever read 42. When it began to rain, they in the yard. a. played b. had played c.were playing d. have played 43.I haven’t seen you a. since a long time b. for ages c. ages d. for long existence 44. It every day so far this week. a. rained b. has rained c. rains d. is raining 45. I any letter from him yet. a. haven’t received b. will receive c. don’t receive d. didn’t receive 46. We to Dalat several times. It’s a foggy city. a. were b. have been c. were being d. had been 47. Be careful! The bus near. a. will come b. will be coming c. is coming d. has come 48.I haven’t met him since he school. a. left b. was leaving c. had left d. was left 49. My uncle on this farm since he was 20. a. has worked b. have worked c. worked d. was working 50. It me 15 minutes to go to school every morning. CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP a. takes b. has taken c. is takening d. took 51. When I woke up this morning, it a. rained b. was raining c. has rained d. is raining 52. He London 2 years ago and I him since then. a. left/ hadnt seen b. left/ havent seen c. was living/ havent seen d. left/ didnt seen 53. By the time Tom got back,Peter a. have gone b. went c. will go d. had gone LESSON 2: PASSIVE VOICE ( THỉ Bậ ĩNG) PHệN A: LYẽ THUYT I. Cọng thổùc chung : BE + PAST PARTICIPLE II. Cọng thổùc cuớa tổỡng thỗ: TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE 1. The simple present S + bare - V/ V-s/es S + am/is /are + PP 2. The pre. Continuous S + am/ is/ are + v-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + PP 3. The present perfect S + have/ has + PP S + have/ has + been + PP 4. The simple past S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + PP 5. The past continuous S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + be+ V -ing 6. The past perfect S + have/ has + PP S + have/has + been + PP 7. The simple future S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + PP 8. The near future S+ am/ is/ are going to+ bareV S+am/is/are going to+be+PP 9. The Modal verbs S + can/could/may + bare-V S + can/could/may + be + PP CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP III. Quy tàõc âäøi tỉì cáu ch âäüng sang cáu bë âäüng: 1. Xạc âënh S, V, O ca cáu ch âäüng. 2. Hoạn âäøi SvO(S ca ch âäüng lm O ca bë âäng, O ca ch âäüng lm S ca bë âäüng) 3. Chuøn V tỉì dảng ch âäüng sang dảng bë âäüng 4. Thãm giåïi tỉì “by” trỉåïc O ca cáu bë âäüng. IV. Cáúu trục : Ch âäüng : S V O Bë âäüng : S V ( BY + O) ( BE + PP) V. Examples: 1. My mother has made that cake. S V O That cake has been made by my mother 2. Nam is asking me a lot of questions. S V O I am being asked a lot of questions by Nam. VI. Cạc trỉåìng håüp cáưn lỉu : 1. S ca cáu ch âäüng l âải tỉì nhán xỉng( he, she, you, they, we ) v cạ tỉì nhỉ: someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, thç lỉåüc b O trong cáu bë âäüng. Ex: Someone has sent me the flowers. I have been sent the flowers. She must do all homework before going to bed. All homework must be done before going to bed. 2. Trảng ngỉỵ chè nåi chäún âàût trỉåïc “by + O bë âäüng”. Ex: The police found him in the foresst. He was found in the forest by the police. 3. Trảng ngỉỵ chè thåìi gian âàût sau “by + O bë âäüng”. Ex: Mr Brown bought the house last week. The house was bought by Mr Brown last week. 4. Trảng ngỉỵ chè thãø cạch âỉïng giỉỵa “BE + PP”. Ex: The boss has treated them badly. They have been badly treated by the boss. 5. Âäúi våïi 1 säú âäüng tỉì cọ 2 tán ngỉỵ thç 1 trong 2 tán ngỉỵ âãưu cọ thãø dng lm ch ngỉỵ trong cáu bë âäüng; tuy nhiãn tán ngỉỵ chè ngỉåìi thỉåìng âỉåüc sỉí dủng nhiãưu hån. Ex: He sent me a postcard. I was sent a postcard. A postcard was sent to me. V. Mäüt säú dảng cáu biû âäüng âàûc biãût: 1. Causitive form: ( Thãø nhåì bo): “Have” hồûc “Get”. CHUYN ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP a. Have * chuớ õọỹng : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing) * bở õọỹng : S + have + O.2 (thing) + past participle Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday. I had the roof repaired yesterday. b. Get * chuớ õọỹng : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing) * bở õọỹng : S + get + O.2 (thing) + past participle Ex: I will get her to cut my hair I will get my hair cut. 2. Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare Coù 2 daỷng bở õọỹng: * chuớ õọỹng: S1 + V of pinion + (that) + clause (S2+V + O) * bở õọỹng : It + be + V of opinion ( PP) + (that) + clause. Hoỷc: S2 + be + V of opinion (PP) + to-inf Ex: - They said that John is the brightest student in class. It is said that John is the brightest student in class. John is said to be the brightest student in class. - They knew that Mary won the competition. It was known that Mary had won the competition Mary was known to have won the competition. 3. Verbs of perception ( ọỹng tổỡ chố giaùc quan): see, watch, hear, * chuớ õọỹng : S + V + O + bare - inf / V-ing * bở õọỹng : S + Be + V (PP) + to-inf/ V-ing Ex: - People saw him steal your car. He was seen to steal your car. - The teacher is watching them work. They are being watched working by the teacher. PHệN B: BAèI TP I. Choose the best answer: 1. Those eggs of different colors are very artistic. Yes, they in Russia a.were painted b. were paint c. were painting d. painted 2. David is in prison for smoking drugs He that it was against the law. is telling b. was told c. told d. tells 3. The maintenance people didnt remove the chairs from ballroom Dont the worry. They them before the dance begins a. will have been moved b. will have moved c. were moved d. moved 4. Gold in California in the 19 th century. CHUYÃN ÂÃÖ NGÆÎ PHAÏP a. was discovered b. has been discovered c. was discover d. they discovered 5. that military spending is extremely high. a.We are felt b. It feels c. It is felt d. We feel that it is 6. They time and money doing such a thing. a.were advised not to waste b. were advised not to be wasted c. were advising not to waste d. were advising not to be wasted 7. These students so much that they feel very tired and bored. a.are made to study b. are made study c.are making to study d. are made to be studied 8. I in the lounge for ten minutes. a.was told waiting b. was told to wait c.was telling to be waited d. was told to be waited 9. The students to be at school at 8 am a. tell b. told c. have told d. were told 10. Our children to school by bus every morning. a.take b. are taken c. have taken d. are taking 11. Bicycles in the driveway. a. must not leave b. must not be leaving c. must not be left d. must not have left 12. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony next weekend. a. is going to be performed b. has been performed c.will be performing d. will have performed 13Reagan an actor years ago. a. is said to be b. was said being c. was said have been d. is said to have been 14. I hate personal questions by nearly acquainted friends. a. to be asking b. to be asked c. being asking d. of asking 15. It that learning a foreign language a lot of time. a. says/ is take b. is saying / has been taken c. is said/ takes d. was said/ was taken 16.All bottles before transportation. a. frozen b. were froze c. were frozen d. are froze 17. yet? a. Have the letters been typed b. Have been the letters typed c. Have the letters typed d. Had the letters typed 18. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where for administration, broadcasting and education. a. is used b. it is used c. used d. being used 19. The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell. [...]... lock it b.shut the door but not lock it c.to shut the door but not lock it d.to shut the door but not to lock it CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP 47 He told me a think well before I answered b think well before I answer c to think well before I answered d to think well before I will answer 48 “Don’t play video games all the time !” , he said a He told the boy not to play video games all the time b He said to... khäng âỉïng sau giåïi tỉì 3 THAT thỉåìng âỉåüc dng sau danh tỉì cọ tênh tỉì so sạnh nháút (the best, the most, ) v cạc âải tỉì khäng xạc âënh ( everybody, everyone, everything, somebody, someone, something, nobody, noone, nothing, ) Ex: This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen PHÁƯN B: BI TÁÛP 1 Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences 1 Mr Pike is uor boss ,has... you are right, I am wrong II Cáu âiãưu kiãûn loải 2: Diãùn t 1 gi thi út trại våïi thỉûc tãú hiãûn tải TYPE If clause Main clause Examples 2 Past subjunctive Present conditional If I had a lot money, I (V2 / V-ed) ( would/ shouldl/could/ might + would travel around the be were bare -V) world III Cáu âiãưu kiãûn loải 3: Diãùn t 1 gi thi út trại våïi thỉûc tãú quạ khỉï TYPE If clause Main clause Examples... beautiful girl she is!” He exclaimed what a beautiful she was PHÁƯN B: BI TÁÛP I I.Find one choice that best completes the sentences: 1.John asked me in English a what does this word mean b what that word means c what did this word mean d what that word meant 2 The mother told her son impolitely a not behave b not to behave c not behaving d did not behave 3 She said she collect it for me after... teacher told me I hadn’t done his work well 30 “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman a The woman said that man had spoken to me on the road b The woman said that man has spoken to her on the road CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP c The woman said that man spoke to her on the road d The woman said that man had spoken to her on the road 31 “I can’t explain this rule to you,” said my classmate to me a My... official language in this city for age a.has been spoken b has been spoken c.has spoken d had spoken 32 More than ten victims missing in the storm last week a.are reported to be b are reported to have been c.are reporting to have been d are reporting to be 33 by your father? a.Did that book write b Did that book written c.Was that book written d Was that book be writing 34 Something immediately... yesterday is my uncle 3 The book which has some wonderful pictures is about the wifelife The dress which you gave me on my birthday is beautiful 4 The book that you lent me is interesting This is the man that I have met before 5 This is the woman whose son is a doctor They found a cat whose leg was broken 6 I’ll never forget the day when ( on which) I met him That was the time when ( at which) he managed the... I Cáu âiãưu kiãûn loải 1 : Diãùn t 1 gi thi út cọ thãø xy ra åí hiãûn tải hồûc tỉång lai 1 Form: TYPE If clause Main clause Examples 1 Simple present Simple future If you study hard, you (bare -V/ Vs-es) ( will/ shall/ can/ may + bare -V) will pass the exam 2 Lỉu : a Mãûnh âãư chênh cọ thãø sỉí dủng âäüng tỉì åí dảng mãûnh lãûnh Ex: If you see toom, give him this book, please b Mãûnh âãư chênh åí thç... performing on the stage a that b which c whom d who 51 Is there anything else you want to ask? a what b where c whom d that LESSON 7: COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (SO SẠN H CA TÊNH TỈÌ V TRTẢN G TỈÌ) PHÁƯN A: L THUÚT I So sạn h bàòn g ( Equal comparison) 1 Khàóng âënh: AS + ADJECTIVE + AS 2 Ph âënh : NOT SO / AS + ADJ/ ADV + AS Ex: This exercise is as difficult as that one She cooks as well as... his sister He works harder than his friend * Chụ : + Khi tinh tỉì cọ 1 ám tiãút táûn cng bàòng phủ ám, cọ ngun ám âi trỉåïc ta phi gáúp âäi phủ ám räưi måïi thãm “ER” Ex: hot hotter; big bigger ; thin thinner ; fat fatter CHUN ÂÃƯ NGỈỴ PHẠP + Khi tênh tỉì cọ 1 ám tiãút táûn cng bàòng “y” cọ phủ ám âi trỉåïc âäøi “y” thnh “i” räưi thãm “ER”, v táûn cng bàòng “e” thç chè thãm “R” vo sau tỉì âọ Ex: . O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing) * bở õọỹng : S + get + O.2 (thing) + past participle Ex: I will get her to cut my hair I will get my hair cut. 2. Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report,. reading/is cooking c.has read/was cooking d. read/will be cooking 37. Last night at this time, they the same thing. She and he the newspaper. a. are doing/is cooking/is reading b. were doing/was. ệ NGặẻ PHAẽP a. Have * chuớ õọỹng : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing) * bở õọỹng : S + have + O.2 (thing) + past participle Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday. I had the roof