GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT Period 1: THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN A_ Cơng thức: * Đối với động từ thường: _ Khẳng định: I/ You / We / They/ CN số nhiều + V (Nguyên mẫu) She/ he / it/ CN số + V–es/ V–s _ Phủ định: I/ You / We / They/ CN số nhiều + donotV (Nguyên mẫu) She/ he / it/ CN số + doesnot + V(nguyên mẫu) _ Nghi vấn: Do + I/ You / We / They/ CN số nhiều + V (Nguyên mẫu)? Does She/ he / it/ CN số + + V(nguyên mẫu)? Do / does + S + V(nguyên mẫu)? Đối với động từ “to be” đơn ta có dạng Khẳng định: I + am You/ we/ they/ CN số nhiều + are She /he/ it/ CN số + is Phủ định: Thêm “not” sau “am / is/ are” Nghi vấn: Đặt “Am/ is/ are” trước chủ ngữ Đối với động từ “To have” ngơi thứ số ta khơng thêm đuôi “_S/ _ES” mà chuyển thành “has” (She has a new house) B_ Cách dùng: 1_ Để diễn tả thói quen việc xảy có tính chất thường xuyên thông lệ Trong câu thường có trạng từ như: often ; usually; always; sometimes; seldom; on Mondays; On Sundays; everyday; every Monday; every summer We come to school on time everyday My mother always gets up early Does Mr Green go to work five days a week? _ Yes, he does We not go to school on Sundays 2_ Để diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, chân lý: The earth goes round the sun 3_ Dùng để nói thời khóa biểu hay chương trình: The film begins at 8p.m 4_Dùng mệnh đề điều kiện câu điều kiện loại I mệnh đề điều kiện thời gian C_ Cách thêm đuôi “_s” hay “_es” sau động từ: 1_ Thông thường thêm đuôi _S sau động từ ngơi thứ số ít: work _ works play _ plays change _ changes 2_ Những động từ kết thúc _CH; _SH; _ SS; _X hay _O ta thêm đuôi _es watch _ watches wash _ washes finish _ finishes 3_ Những động từ kết thúc “Y” mà trước phụ âm ta chuyển “Y” thành “I” sau thêm đuôi _es: carry _ carries fly _ flies D_ Cách phát âm đuôi s es: - Những động từ tận âm /p,k,t,f,0/ thêm ‘s’ đọc thêm âm /s/ VD: gets, works… - Những động từ tận âm /s, z, x, tS, S, dz/ thêm ‘es’ đọc thêm âm /iz/ - Ngồi trường hợp động từ cịn lại thêm ‘s, es” đọc thêm âm /z/ E_ Bài tập: Chia động từ ngoặc Hiện đơn: He (be ) a doctor She (watch) television every day We (not, go) to school on Sundays you often (get up) early? My mother usually (buy) vegetables in this market My friend and I often (go) to school by bike My girlfriend (not, be) a beautiful girl The concert often (begins) at 7pm My father (have) coffee for breakfast every day 10 The students never (work) hard Trêng THPT Tø S¬n GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT Period 2: THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN A_ Công thức: _ Khẳng định: I We/ You/ They He/ She/It CN + am/ is/ are Am/ Is/ Are + + am + are + is + not + CN + + V-ing(thêm đuôi “ing”) _ Phủ định: V-ing _ Nghi vấn: V-ing ? B_ Cách dùng: 1_ Diễn tả việc xảy ra, diễn tiến Trong câu thường có trạng từ : now(bây giờ); at present; at the moment My father is planting flowers in the garden Look! The pupils are playing football We are not cooking now 2_ Diễn tả đặt chắn tương lai gần: I am meeting Peter tonight 3_ Diễn tả việc tượng xảy có tính chất tạm thời: He usually reads newspapers but today he is reading a magazine C_ Chú ý: Một số động từ khơng sử dụng tiếp diễn phải chuyển chúng đơn: 1_ Động từ giác quan: hear(nghe); see(nhận thấy; thấy); smell(bốc mùi); taste(có vị) 2_ Động từ tình cảm, cảm xúc: like; hate(ghét); dislike(khơng thích); love; need; want 3_ Động từ hoạt động tinh thần: agree(đồng ý); believe(tin tưởng); forget(quên); know(biết); remember(nhớ); understand(hiểu) 4_ Động từ sở hữu số động từ khác: have(có); own(sở hữu); belong(thuộc về); appear(có vẻ); seem (dường như) D_ Bài tập: Chia động từ ngoặc Hiện đơn hay Hiện tiếp diễn: 1/ I (have) coffee for breakfast every day 2/ My brother (work) in a shoe store this summer 3/ The student (look) _ up that new word now 4/ She (go) to school every day 5/ We (do) this exercise at the moment 6/ Miss Helen (read) _ a newspaper now 7/ It (rain) very much in the summer It (rain) _ now 8/ Bad students never (work) hard 9/ He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish 10/ We seldom (eat) before 6.30 11/ She sometimes (buy) _ vegetables at his market 12/ Be quiet The baby (sleep) 13/ We always (do) _ our exercises carefully 14/ Look A man (run) _ after the train He (want) _ to catch it 15/ It (be) very cold now 16/ John (travel) to England tomorrow 17/ I (need) some money for my textbooks 18/ Tom (like) to go to the museums 19/ Mary (love) ice-cream 20/ My mother (cook) _ some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook) in the mornings 21/ I often (leave) the city at weekends 22/ The guests (watch) the TV programmes now 23/ I (see) _ you (wear) _ your best clothes 24/ The sun (set) _ in the west 25/ My friend (study) English for an hour every night Period 3: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH A_ Cơng thức: _ Khẳng định: He/ She/It/ CN số + has I/ We/ You/ They/ CN số nhiều + have Trêng THPT Tø S¬n + V(past participle) + V(past participle) GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT _ Phủ định: S(chủ ngữ) + has/ have + not + V(past participle) _ Nghi vấn: Has/ Have + S(chủ ngữ) + V(past participle) ? Chú ý: past participle (quá khứ phân từ) động từ : _ Nếu động từ hợp qui ta thêm đuôi _ED sau động từ (V- ed) _ Nếu động từ bất qui ta lấy động từ cột thứ bảng động từ bất qui B_ Cách dùng: 1_ Diễn tả việc khứ mà thời điểm không xác định rõ Thường dùng với trạng từ sau: already(đã rồi); recently = lately(gần đây); ever(đã từng); never(chưa bao giờ) He has already done his homework (Anh ta làm xong tập nhà) Have you bought a new TV recently? _ Diễn tả việc xảy khứ kết Thường dùng với yet: Have you seen Tom yet? We have cleaned the room Look! It is very clean 2_ Thường dùng với “just” để việc vừa xảy ra: My father has just gone out 3_ Diễn tả hành động hay việc bắt đầu khứ mà tiếp tục Thường dùng với giới từ since(từ khi; kể từ) hay for(trong thời gian) We have leaned English for years My sister has been sick since yesterday (Bây cịn ốm) _ Thỉnh thoảng việc dừng thời điểm nói: Nice to meet you I haven’t seen you for a long time Chú ý : for + khoảng thời gian: two hours; 3days; 4months Since+ điểm thời gian: 1990; Sunday; o’clock 4_Diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần khứ: I have seen this film several times - Dùng HTHT sau từ cấp so sánh cao nhaát: It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen - Dùng với This morning/ week/ month/ term…khi khoảng thời gian lúc nói: Eg: I’ve smoked 10 cigaretteùs today / I haven’t seen Tom this morning.Have you? Ngoài có số cụm từ thời gian : so far = until now = up to now ,how long ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three… times C_Bài tập: Chia động từ ngoặc HTHT: I (try) to learn English for years, but I (not succeed) yet That book (lie) on the table for weeks You (not read) it yet? He (not, be) here since Christmas He (write) a novel for two years, but he (not, finish) it yet I (see) that film several times because I like it Jack (look) no trouble with my English lesson up to now We ( study) almost every lesson in this book so far How long you (learn) English? Tom (never, be) in Hanoi 10 I am sorry I (forget) that girl’s name already Period 4:THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN A_ Công thức: _ Khẳng định: S (chủ ngữ) Trêng THPT Tø S¬n + + V- ed (động từ hợp qui) V(cột 2) (động từ bất qui) GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT _ Phủ định: S (chủ ngữ) + did not + V(nguyên mẫu) _ Nghi vấn: Did + S(chủ ngữ) + V(nguyên mẫu)? Chú ý: Đối với động từ “to be” q khứ đơn ta có dạng Khẳng định: I / She /he/ it/ CN số + was You/ we/ they/ CN số nhiều + were B_ Cách dùng: Để diễn tả việc xảy thời điểm xác định khứ Thường với từ thời gian: Yesterday last night/ Sunday ago Yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening last week/ month/ year Two days ago last summer/ winter in 1998 We watched a good film on TV last night Hoặc thời gian hỏi đến: When did you see him? C_ Cách thêm đuôi –ed vào sau động từ có quy tắc: - Thơng thường thêm –ed vào sau động từ có quy tắc: work – worked - Nếu động từ có quy tắc tận “e” thêm “d” thơi: die – died - Nếu động từ có quy tắc tận “y” mà trước phụ âm đổi “y” thành “i” thêm –ed: study – studied - Nếu động từ có quy tắc có âm tiết tận phụ âm trước phụ âm ngun âm gấp đơi phụ âm cuối lên trước thêm –ed: stop – stopped - Nếu động từ có quy tắc có âm tiết tận phụ âm trước phụ âm nguyên âm gấp đơi phụ âm cuối lên trước thêm –ed: permit – permitted - Nếu động từ tận ‘l’, trước nguyên âm đơn ta nhân đơi ‘l’ lên thêm ‘ed’: travel – travelled D _ Cách phát âm đuôi –ed: ọc /id/ sau từ tận âm /d/ hc /t/ need – needed decide – decided want – wanted start – started Đäc lµ /t/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /θ/, /ks/ wash – washed book – booked stop – stopped watch – watched fax – faxed Đäc lµ /d/ sau từ tận âm lại play – played plan – planned offer – offered bathe – bathed call – called * C¸c tÝnh tõ tËn ED đuôi ED đợc phát âm nh cách phát âm động từ có quy tắc Tuy nhiªn, mét sè tÝnh tõ cỉ tËn cïng b»ng -ed, số trạng từ tận -edly, -ed đợc phát âm /id/ Adjectives:/id/ naked : khỏa thân crooked : cong, oằn ragged : nhàu, cũ wretched : khèn khỉ rugged : gå ghỊ learned : uyên bác Adverbs: /id/ deservedly : xứng đáng supposedly: cho markedly : cách rõ ràng, đáng ý allegedly : cho r»ng E – Bài tập:Chia động từ ngoặc khứ đơn: We (study) a very hard lesson the day before yesterday My wife and I (travel) to London by air last summer I (have) a little trouble with my car last week What you (do) yesterday? Our teacher (tell)us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970 We (wacth) a good programme on TV last night I (meet) Mary last night I (see) him weeks ago She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning 10 They (begin) to study at this school years ago Period 5: THÌ Q KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN A_ Cơng thức: _ Khẳng định: I/ He/ She/It/ CN số + was + V-ing We/ You/ They/ CN số nhiều + were + V-ing _ Phủ định: S(chủ ngữ) + was/ were + not + V-ing _ Nghi vấn: Was/ Were + S(chủ ngữ) + V-ing ? B_ Cách dùng: Trêng THPT Tø S¬n GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT 1_ Diễn tả việc xảy thời điểm xác định khứ: What were you doing at five o’clock yesterday evening? I was doing exercises between four and five o’clock last Sunday afternoon 2_ Kết hợp với khứ đơn để diễn tả việc diễn khứ việc khứ khác xảy ra: When I was watching T.V, My friend came Thì khứ tiếp diễn Thì khứ đơn 3_Diễn tả hai hành động xảy song song lúc khứ: Yesterday while my mother was cooking dinner, my father was watching TV C – So sánh Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ tiếp diễn: + Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) dùng để hành động ngắn (thình lình) xảy khứ - I met him in the street yesterday + Thì Past Continuous (Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) dùng để hành động kéo dài khứ tương ứng với hành động khác khứ - I met him while he was crossing the street - She was going home when she saw an accident + Thì Past Continuous diễn tả hành động kéo dài điểm thời gian xác định khứ hai hành động liên tiếp song song với - My father was watching TV at o’clock last night - I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV D- Bài tập:Chia động từ ngoặc khứ đơn hay khứ tiếp diễn: 1/ He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him 2/ When I (go) out, the sun (shine) 3/ The light (go) out while I (have) tea 4/ When it (rain) , she(carry) an umbrella 5/ We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain 6/ He (teach) English for months when he (live) in Germany and (work) as a journalist 7/ The house (burn) fast, so we (break) the window to get out 8/ He (eat) three sandwiches while you (talk) to him 9/ The servant (drop) two cups while she (wash up) last night; neither of them (break) 10/ While I (write) a letter, the telephone (ring) ; as he (go) to answer it, he (hear) a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) while he (walk) to the door, but just as he (open) it, it (stop) Period 6: Exercises 1) He for London one year ago A left B has left C leaves D had left 2) She in Hue for twenty years A lives B has lived C lived D will live 3) I to the market with my mother yesterday A go B went C have gone D was going 4) What you , Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother Trêng THPT Tø S¬n GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPT A do/think B are/ thinking C have/thought D were/thinking 5) How long you her? – For five months A do/know B are/knowing C have/ known D had/known 6) I usually to school by bus A went B am going C go D have gone 7) Yesterday morning I up at 6.30 A got B get C was getting D had got 8) Please don’t make so much noise I A studying B study C am studying D studied 9) Water at 100 degrees Celsius A boils B boiled C is boiling D will boil 10) It is raining now It began raining two hours ago So it for two hours A rains B is raining C has rained D rained 11) you out last night? A did/ go B Do/go C Have/gone D Were/going 12) This house 35,000 pounds in 1980 A cost B costs C had cost D was cost 13) While Tom tennis, Ann a shower A played/took B playing/taking C was playing/ was taking D was play/was take 14) She until you are ready A didn’t come B isn’t coming C won’t come D doesn’t come 15) When they in the garden, the phone A worked/was ringing B was working/ rang C worked/rang D work/rings 16) I here until he answers me A stay B will stay C am staying D have stayed 17) They tea when the doorbell A have/is ringing B were having/ rang C had had/ rang D having/ringing 18) Father his pipe while mother a magazine A smoked/read B had smoked/ read C was smoking/ was reading D smoking/reading 19) When I into the office, my boss for me A came/ was waiting B had come/waited C was coming/waited D came/waiting 20) When I Brian, he a taxi A see/drives B saw/ was driving C see/was driving D saw/is driving 21) When he , we dinner A arrived/having B was arriving/had C arrived/ were having D had arrived/had 22) While they chess, we the shopping A playing/doing B played/did B were playing/doing D were playing/ were doing 23) They football when the lights in the stadium out A were playing/ went B were playing/ was going C played/was going D playing/went 24) While George and John their room, she the ironing A cleaning/doing B were cleaning/doing C were cleaning/ was doing D cleaning/was doing 25) Today is Thursday and she late twice this week She late yesterday and on Monday A is/was B has been/is C has been/ was D has been/had been 26) He in the same house since 1975 A has lived B is living C lived D had lived 27) We him since he married A didn’t see/got B don’t/get C haven’t seen/ got D hadn’t seen/got 28) It for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis A is raining B had rained C has rained D was raining 29) He to HCMC last year and I him since then A moved/didn’t see B moved/ haven’t seen C moves/haven’t seen D moved/hadn’t seen 30) We what to with the money yet A not decide B haven’t decided C didn’t decide D hadn’t decided 31) My father as a teacher for thirty years Trêng THPT Tø S¬n GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT A works B is working C worked D has worked 32) He to New York three times this year A had been B was C has been D is 33) I how to dance when I six years old A don’t know / was B didn’t know / am C didn’t know/ was D haven’t known/was 34) Last month my brother me his photos He me his photos every year A sends/sent B sent/ sends C sent/sent D sends/sends 35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he carelessly A drove B had driven C drives D was driving 36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I when I was a child but not now A B did C have done D had done 37) I her at the school gate yesterday A met B meet C had met D am meeting 38) She English when she was six years old A learned B has learned C is learning D had learned 39) I don’t remember where and when I her A meet B had met C met D have met 40) They to know each other for more than ten years A get B got C have got D had got 41) you that film yet? A Do/see B Have/ seen C Did/see D Had/seen 42) I the film with my friends last week A watched B watch C have watched D had watched 43) He up at five every morning A is getting B got C gets D was getting 44) she in Hue at the moment? A Does/live B Is/ living C Did/live D Was/living 45) He usually her at weekend but now he in bed because of his severe illness A visits/stays B visits/staying C visited/stays D visits/ is staying 46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents A sleep B are sleeping C were sleeping D slept 47) Why you often so much noise in the house? A do/ make B did/make C are/making D were/making 48) He you when he has the necessary information A will tell B told C tells D is telling 49) While mum was watching TV, I my homework A am doing B was doing C had done D has done 50) At this time yesterday I to music A listened B had listened C was listening D am listening 51) What he at P.m last Sunday? A did/do B was/do C had/done D was/ doing 52) When I a little girl, I used to climb trees and go swimming in the river with my friends A am B was C have been D had been 53) Last year he came here and me to marry him but I too young to get married A asked/ was B asks/am C had asked/was D has asked/am 54) How long you novels? A have/write B do/write C have written D are/writing 55) you sometimes out with friends? A Are/going B do/ go C Have/gone D Did/go 56) I a lot of badminton recently A play B have played C am playing D was playing 57) When I home, everyone TV A got/watch B got/watching C get/was watch D got/ was watching 58) We your mother for ages Trêng THPT Tø S¬n GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPT A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen 59) London a lot since we first to live here A changed/came B has changed/ came C had changed/ came D has changed/ come 60) How many times you this film? – The first time A have/ seen B did/see C do/see D had/seen 61) Yesterday David was crossing(A) a street when(B) a truck was turning(C) a corner very fast and almost hit(D) him 62) When Rita will get(A) her driver’s license next week(B), she will be able(C) to drive to school every day(D) 63) So far(A) she spends(B) a lot of time there(C) chatting with(D) her friends 64) Jack is living(A) in Spain now(B) His Spanish had improved(C) greatly since he moved(D) there 65) Last month(A) while we watched(B) an exciting game on(C) television in our living room, the electricity went out(D) 66) I’m sure(A) they have completed(B) the new(C) road by(D) June 67) At(A) this time tomorrow(B), they will do(C) their homework with their(D) brothers 68) We have seen(A) and tell(B) you the situation next(C) Monday Please wait for(D) us 69) Our(A) teacher explained(B) that lesson to(C) us tomorrow(D) 70) We will wait(A) for you when(B) you will get(C) back tomorrow(D) 71) I will practise(A) my English lesson with(B) my classmate at(C) 7pm next(D) Sunday 72) When I see(A) Mr Pike tomorrow(B), I remind(C) him of(D) that 73) He works(A) on the(B) report at(C) this time tomorrow(D) 74) Please(A) sit here(B) and wait until(C) the manager will return(D) 75) Our parents arrived(A) next Wednesday I’m sure we will receive(B) a lot of(C) presents from(D) them 76) I gave(A) him your message(B) and letter when(C) I see him(D) 77) By(A) the time you arrive(B), I finish(C) writing an(D) essay 78) We will be going(A) home as soon(B) as we have finished(C) our work(D) 79) Mr Green has taught(A) English this school since(B) he graduates(C) from the university in(D) 1986 80) At(A) yesterday morning(B) when I arrive(C) at his house, he was still sleeping(D) Period 7: THÌ TƯƠNG LAI I Thì tương lai đơn: A_ Công thức: _ Khẳng định: _ Phủ định: _ Nghi vấn: B_ Cách dùng: I/ We + Các chủ ngữ khác S(chủ ngữ) + Shall/ Will + Trêng THPT Tø S¬n shall/ will + will shallnot/ willnot S(chủ ngữ) + V(nguyên mẫu) + V(nguyên mẫu) + V(nguyên mẫu) + V(nguyên mẫu) ? GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT 1_ Diễn tả việc xảy tương lai Thường dùng với từ thời gian sau: Tomorrow next week/ month, year, Sunday Tomorrow morning/ afternoon/ evening someday (1 ngày đó) soon (chẳng nữa) I shall visit you tomorrow Will you go to the circus next week? Chú ý: đơn dùng thay cho tương lai đơn mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian (bắt đầu “when” “before” “until” ) _ You will see him when he comes back tomorrow (“comes” dùng mệnh đề thời gian “when”) _ I will not send her your letter until you arrive London II Thì tương lai gần:(Tương lai ý định) A – Công thức: S + am/ is/ are + going to + V(inf.) …….(dự định sẽ) S + am/ is/ are + Ving… (sắp sửa) B – Cách dùng: Thì dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy dự định tới (thường câu khơng có cụm từ thời gian) Eg: My father is retiring Where are you going to spend your holidays? C – Bài tập: Chia động từ ngoặc HTĐ hay TLĐ: 1/ We (go) out when the rain (stop) 2/ I (stay) _ here until he (answer) me 3/ Wait until I (catch) you 4/ I (be) _ ready before you (count) _ ten 5/ John must eat his breakfast before he (go) out 6/ Miss Helen (help) _ you as soon as she (finish) _ that letter 7/ He (tell) _ you when you (get) there 8/ She (not come) until you (be) _ ready 9/ He (tell) you when you (ask) him 10/ I (come) and (see) _ you before I (leave) for England Dùng từ gợi ý viết câu dùng be going to: Kate and her friend/ visit a friend in the hospital/ this afternoon lan/ go on a holiday/ next month I/ see the doctor/ this afternoon Richard/ have lunch/ at twelve o’clock He/ see his parents/ next week They/ move to the new house/ next week How/ he/ cook dinner? Where/ people/ sit/ at the party? Why/ your sister/ study engineering? 10 How long/ you/ stay here? Period 8: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Các bước đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động sau: Ví du: Đổi câu sau sang bị động: She cleans the house everyday Chủ ngữ động từ (ở đơn) tân ngữ trạng từ Trước chuyển sang câu bị động phải phân tích câu Sơ đồ chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: Câu chủ động: S(chủ ngữ) + V + O(tân ngữ) Trêng THPT Tø S¬n GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT Câu bị động: S’ + be + pp + by O’ Sau phân tích câu xong ta chuyển theo thứ tự bước sau: 1_ Lấy tân ngữ câu chủ động làm chủ từ câu bị động (The house) 2_ Chia động từ “to be” phù hợp với động từ câu chủ động chủ từ vừa tìm (The house is) 3_ Thêm khứ phân từ động từ (The house is cleaned) 4_ Thêm “By” chuyển chủ ngữ câu chủ động sang làm tân ngữ câu bị động thêm thành phần khác để hoàn thành câu ( The house is cleaned by her everyday.) Nếu chủ từ câu chủ động từ như: “someone”; “somebody”; “nobody”; “they”; “people” câu bị động người ta không dùng từ “by” từ Chú Ý: _ Nếu câu chủ động có trạng từ nơi chốn đặt chúng trước “By + tân ngữ bị động” Chủ động The police found him in the forest Bị động He was found in the forest by the police _ Nếu câu chủ động có trạng từ thời gian đặt chúng sau By + tân ngữ bị động Chủ động: Her parents will buy a new car next month Bị động: A new car will be bought by her parents next month *) THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG học: S + be + PP + (by O): Thì Hiện đơn Hiện tiếp diễn Hiện hoàn thành Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ tiếp diễn Tương lai đơn Tương lai gần To be (chia trùng với động từ chủ động Am / is / are + Am/ is/ are being Have/ has been Were/ was Were/ was being Will be Am/ is/ are going to be Quá khứ phân từ động từ PP PP PP PP PP PP PP Động từ khieám khuyeát Can; could; must… Can/ could/ must be PP MỘT SỐ DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT _ CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ: “SAY”;”THINK”; “BELIEVE”; “REPORT” Chủ động: S + say + (that) + S2 + V2 + O2 Bị động:Cách 1: It + be(thì) said + (that) + S2 + V2 + O2 Cách 2: S2 + be(thì) said to INF (của V2) + O2 Ví dụ: People said that he wrote this book Bị động: Cách 1: It was said that he wrote this book Cách 2: He was said to write this book Period 9: Exercises : CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Choose the best answer to complete each sentence: 1) Asian people eat rice Rice in many parts of Asia A is grown B are grown C has grown D have grown 2) Nowadays a lot of dangerous work _ by robots A has been done B will be done C is done D was done 3) Who wrote the story "Romeo and Juliet"? _ It _ by Shakespeare, an English writer A is written B was written C has been written D wrote 4) The package containing books and records _ last week A is delivered B delivered C was delivered D has been delivered 5) When _? _ In 1876 A the telephone was invented C did the telephone invented B did the telephone invent D was the telephone invented Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 10 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT b Mary is such sick that she can not go to work d Mary isn’t so sick that she can 12 The seas and the rivers are …………………dirty to swim in a too b such c enough d so 13 The coffee is very hot I can’t drink it a The coffee is too hot to drink c The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it b It is such a hot coffee that I can’t drink d all are correct Period 22: TRỌNG ÂM 1) Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất: Hầu hết danh từ tính từ có âm tiết trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ví dụ: Danh từ: PREsent, EXport, CHIna, TAble Tính từ: PREsent, SLENder, CLEver, HAPpy Đối với động từ âm tiết thứ chứa nguyên âm ngắn kết thúc khơng nhiều phụ âm trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ví dụ: ENter, TRAvel, Open Các động từ có âm tiết cuối chứa ow trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Ví dụ: FOllow, BOrrow Các động từ âm tiết có âm tiết cuối chứa nguyên âm dài nguyên âm đôi kết thúc nhiều phụ âm âm tiết đầu nhận trọng âm Ví dụ: PAradise, Exercise Những từ vần tận -ant; -ent; -er nhấn vần đầu Ngoại lệ: eVENT; desCENT; preFER; reFER 2) Trọng âm vào âm tiết thứ hai: Hầu hết động từ có âm tiết trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ví dụ: to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN Nếu âm tiết thứ chứa nguyên âm dài, nguyên âm đôi kết thúc với nhiều phụ âm âm tiết nhận trọng âm Ví dụ: proVIDE, proTEST, aGREE Những từ vần bắt đầu A thường nhấn vần Ví dụ: aBROAD; aBOVE Đối với động từ âm tiết quy tắc sau: Nếu âm tiết cuối chứa nguyên âm ngắn kết thúc khơng nhiều ngun âm âm tiết thứ nhận trọng âm Ví dụ: deTERmine, reMEMber, enCOUNter 3) Trọng âm rơi vào âm thứ tính từ lên: Những từ có tận –ic, -sion, tion trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ tính từ lên Ví dụ: Những từ có tận –ic: GRAphic, geoGRAphic, geoLOgic Những từ có tận -sion, tion: sugGEStion, reveLAtion Ngoại lệ: TElevision có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 4) Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ từ lên: Các từ tận –ce, -cy, -ty, -phy, –gy trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ từ lên Ví dụ: deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy Các từ tận –ical có trọng âm rơi váo âm tiết thứ tính từ lên Ví dụ: CRItical, geoLOgical Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 43 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPT 5) Từ ghép (từ có phần): Đối với danh từ ghép trọng âm rơi vào phần đầu: BLACKbird, GREENhouse Đối với tính từ ghép trọng âm rơi vào phần thứ 2: bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned Đối với động từ ghép trọng âm rơi vào phần thứ 2: to overCOME, to overFLOW Lưu ý: Các phụ tố không làm ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm câu: -able, -age, -al, -en, -ful, -ing, -ish, -less, -ment, -ous Các phụ tố thân nhận trọng âm câu: -ain(entertain), -ee(refugee,trainee), -ese(Portugese, Japanese), -ique(unique), -ette(cigarette, laundrette), -esque(picturesque), -eer(mountaineer), -ality (personality), -oo (bamboo), -oon (balloon), -mental (fundamental) Ngoại lệ: COffe, comMITtee, ENgine Trong từ có hậu tố đây, trọng âm đặt âm tiết trước hậu tố: -ian (musician), - id (stupid), -ible (possible), -ish (foolish), -ive (native), -ous (advantageous), -ial (proverbial, equatorial), -ic (climatic), -ity (ability, tranquility) BÀI TẬP: Chọn từ có trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết có vị trí khác với từ lại: 1)A study B reply C apply D rely 2)A around B below C despite D under 3)A elephant B glorilla C hooligan D hospital 4) A accident B dangerous C equipment D holiday 5)A conservation B information C population D television 6) A exhibit B mineral C remember D solution 7) A expensive B improvement C signature D tradition 8) A common B flower C garden D release 9) A annual B conclude C nature D picture 10) A connection B national C tradition D valcano MỘT SỐ HÀNH ĐỘNG LỜI NÓI 1) CÁC MẪU ĐỀ NGHỊ NGƯỜI KHÁC GIÚP MÌNH: Đề nghị Trả lời đồng ý Trả lời không đồng ý - Certainly - Of course - Sure I'm sorry (I'm busy ) - V0 , please - No problem I'm afraid I can't/ couldn't - Can you / Could you + V0 - What can I for you? - Would you please + V0 - How can I help you? - Will you + V0 - I wonder if you'd/ could + V0 - No I don't mind - I'm sorry, I can't - Would / Do you mind V-ing - No, of course not - Not at all ) CÁC MẪU MÌNH MUỐN GIÚP NGƯỜI KHÁC: Trả lời đồng ý Trả lời không đồng ý -Shall I -Yes Thank you No Thank you - Would you like me to No, thank you I can -That's very kind of you -Do you want me to manage Yes, please - What can I for you ? No, there's no need But Oh, would you really? thanks all the same - May I help you ? Thanks a lot - Do you need any help? Well, that's very kind of - Let me help you you, but I think I can - Can I help you ? manage, thanks ) CÁC MẪU XIN PHÉP NGƯỜI KHÁC: Trả lời đồng ý Trả lời không đồng ý - May I ? - Can I .? Could I - Certainly - Of course -May I go out ? - Please - Please go ahead -Do you think I could - I'd rather you didn't - Yes, by all means -I wonder if I could - I'd prefer You didn't -Is it all right if I -No, I'm afraid you can't - Would you mind if I + QKĐ - No, of course not -I'm sorry, but you can't - Would you mind if I smoked ? - Not at all - Do you mind if I + HTĐ - Please Do you mind if I smoke ? - Please go ahead 4) CÁC MẪU CÂU RỦ, GỢI Ý LÀM GÌ : Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 44 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPT Shall I / we (do)? Let's (do) Why don't I / we (do)? How about (doing)? What about (doing)? I think we should (do) I suggest that we (do) It might be a good idea if we / you (do) I think the best way of dealing with this situation would be to (do) 10 If you ask me, I think we / you should/ could V (do) 5) CÁC MẪU CÂU CÁM ƠN: - Thank you - Thank you very much - Thanks a lot - Thanks a lot for 6) CÁC MẪU CÂU MỜI: a) Mời ăn uống: Ví dụ: Đáp lại: b) Mời đâu: Ví dụ: Trả lời đồng ý Yes, I think that's a good idea That's probably the best option Sure, why not? Yes, definitely By all means Good idea Trả lời không đồng ý No, let's not Trả lời - You're welcome - That's all right - Not at all - It's my pleasure - Would you like + ăn/uống Would you like a cup of tea? ( mời bạn uống trà) - Yes, please / - No, thanks - Would you like + to inf Would you like to go to the cinema with me? ( mời bạn xem phim với tôi) Would you like to go to the party? ( mời bạn dự tiệc) 1) _ “Would you like some coffee?” (lời mời) _ “ ” A Yes, I would B Yes, I like C Yes, I would like D Yes, please 2) _ “I don’t go out much nowadays.” _ “ ” A I don’t too B I don’t either C Me too D I don’t neither (Hoặc ta dùng cách khác “Neither I” (tôi không) 3) _ “My name is Albert.” (Giới thiệu tên cách trang trọng) _ “ ” A I’m pleased to meet you B What a pleasure! C It’s my pleasure! D I’m very happy! (nếu dùng không trang trọng: “Nice to meet you”/ “Pleased to meet you” 4) _ “I’m afraid I’ve broken your umbrella.” (Tôi e làm gãy dù bạn) _ “ ” A Don’t mention B not all C It’s the shame D Don’t worry about it 5) _ “I love cheese.” _ “ _” A Me not B I don’t C I don’t either D So I don’t (Nếu trả lời đồng ý với người nói trước ta dùng: “so I/ I too”- Tơi vậy) 6) _ “I’m afraid I can’t come with you.” (Tôi e với bạn) _ “ ” A What a pity! B Patience! C What a shame! D That’s shame 7) _ “I haven’t got anything for you.” (Tôi chẳng có cho bạn cả) _ “ _” A Nothing! B Never mind C It isn’t the matter! D Not problem! 8) _ “I’ve got a cold.” (Tôi bị cảm lạnh.) _ “ ” A My dear! B Bless you! C Oh dear! D I regret it! 9) _ “Thank you very much!” _ “ ” A nothing B Indeed C of course D Not at all 10) _ “This is our manager, Mr Freeman.” _ “ ” A I’m very happy! B pleasure C Your servant, sir D How you do? 11) _ “Thank you very much for a lovely party.” (Cảm ơn nhiều bữa tiệc thú vị.) _ “ _” A You are welcome B cheers C Have a good day D Thanks 12) _ “How you do?” (Dùng để chào giới thiệu với lần đầu) _ “ _” Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 45 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT A Good morning B How you do? C My name is Smith D Very well 13) _ “I hear It’s a very good film.” _” _” A Yes, It’s boring B No, I don’t hear that C No, I hear it, too D Yes, It’s very exciting 14) _ “I’m very tired.” (Tôi mệt) _ “ _” A For me the same B Also me C Me too D I also 15) _ “That’s a very nice skirt you’re wearing” (Áo bạn đẹp) _ “ ” A That’s nice B I like it C That’s all right D I’m glad you like it 16) _ “I have passed all my examinations!” (Tôi thi đậu tất kì thi) _ “ _” A My dear! B Best wishes C Well done! D That’s very well! 17) _ “Are you ready?” (Bạn sẵn sàng chưa?” _ “ _” A Already not B Not quite C Yes not D quite not 18) _ “Congratulations on winning the prize!” (Chúc mừng thắng giải) _ “ ” A Thank you B All right C Not at all D You are welcome 19)A: “ Oh, I’m really sorry” B: “…………………” A.It was a pleasure B.That’s all right C.Thanks D.Yes, why? 20).A: “ What’s your hobby,Hoa? B: “…………………….” A.Well, I like collecting stamps B.Oh, with computers C.Well,I want stamps D.Oh,on the phone Period 23: DẠNG BÀI TẬP XÁC ĐỊNH LỖI SAI Dạng xác định lỗi sai dạng tương đối khó kiểm tra kiến thức tồn diện em học sinh Có dạng xác định lỗi: lỗi tả lỗi ngữ pháp I/ Lỗi sai tả: Người đề cho từ viết sai tả (sai thừa thiếu chữ cái) Nhiệm vụ em phải tìm lỗi sai thơng qua kiến thức từ vựng học II/ Lỗi sai ngữ pháp: Đây dạng phổ biến dạng xác định lỗi sai Dưới số lỗi mà đề thi thường yêu cầu em tìm ra: 1/ Sai hòa hợp chủ ngữ động từ Quy tắc chủ ngữ số với động từ chia dạng số ít, chủ ngữ số nhiều với động từ chia dạng số nhiều Ngoài cịn có số trường hợp khác mà em phải nắm vững Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau I like (A) pupils (B) who works (C) very hard (D) Who thay cho pupils động từ mệnh đề quan hệ phải phù hợp với chủ ngữ tức dạng số nhiều Do lỗi sai cần tìm C 2/ Sai động từ Nếu em lưu ý đến trạng ngữ thời gian câu việc xác định động từ vơ dễ dàng Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau We (A) only get (B) home (C) from France (D) yesterday Do có trạng từ yesterday (hơm qua) nên động từ phải chia khứ - lỗi sai cần tìm B 3/ Sai đại từ quan hệ Các đại từ quan hệ who, whose, whom, which, that có cách sử dụng khác Ví dụ who thay cho danh từ người đóng vai trị chủ ngữ, which thay cho danh từ vật Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau He gave (A) orders to the manager (B) whose (C) passed them (D) on to the foreman Whose đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trị tính từ sở hữu Trong trường hợp ta dùng đại từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ manager Do đó, ta dùng who – lỗi sai cần tìm C 4/ Sai bổ ngữ Các em phải ý dùng to infinitive, bare infinitive V-ing Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau I want to travel (A) because (B) I enjoy to meet (C) people and seeing new places (D) Ta có cấu trúc: enjoy + V-ing nên lỗi sai cần tìm C 5/ Sai câu điều kiện Có loại câu điều kiện với cấu trúc cách dùng khác mà em học Chỉ cần ghi nhớ áp dụng việc xác định lỗi sai khơng khó khăn Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau What would (A) you (B) if you will win (C) a million (D) pounds? Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 46 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT Đây câu điều kiện khơng có thực nên động từ mệnh đề if chia khứ (To be chia were cho tất ngôi) 6/ Sai giới từ Giới từ thường thành cụm cố định to be fond of, to be fed up with, to depend on, at least Các em cần phải học thuộc lịng cụm từ Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau We're relying (A) with (B) you to find (C) a solution (D) to this problem To rely on sb: tin cậy, trông đợi vào Do đó, B đáp án cần tìm 7/ Sai hình thức so sánh Có hình thức so sánh so sánh bằng, so sánh so sánh Các em phải nắm vững cấu trúc loại người đề thường cho sai hình thức so sánh tính/ trạng từ cố tình làm lẫn loại so sánh với Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau The North (A) of England (B) is as industrial (C) than the South (D) Đây câu so sánh có than – as industrial phải chuyển thành more industrial 8/ Cấu trúc: “So that ” “such that ” Ta có cấu trúc câu sau: So + adj/ adv + that + clause Such + (a/ an) + adj + n + that + clause Quan sát câu cho xem có mạo từ a/ an hay danh từ hay không để dùng so such Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau It seems (A) like so (B) a long way to drive (C) for just (D) one day Có mạo từ a nên câu phải dùng cấu trúc such that B đáp án cần tìm “Many” “much” Các em học sinh hay nhầm lẫn many much Many dùng trước danh từ đếm số nhiều much dùng trước danh từ khơng đếm Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau I don't want to invite (A) too much (B) people because (C) it's quite (D) a small flat People danh từ đếm nên phải dùng many thay cho much “few/ a few” “little/ a little” Các em học sinh hay nhầm lẫn few/ a few little/ a little Few/ a few dùng trước danh từ đếm số nhiều little/ a little dùng trước danh từ khơng đếm Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau The mixture looks (A) very dry (B) Maybe you should add (C) a few (D) water Water danh từ không đếm nên phải dùng a little thay cho a few D đáp án cần tìm “It + take (chia theo thì) + S.O + thời gian + to INF” Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau It took (A) him (B) half an hour doing (C) this exercise (D) yesterday Sau thời gian “Half an hour” ta phải dùng To INF nên C đáp án cần tìm “V-ed” (quá khứ phân từ) “V-ing” (Hiện phân từ) làm tính từ “V-ed” (Quá khứ phân từ) thường liên quan đến người mang nghĩa bị động “V-ing” (Hiện phân từ) thường liên quan đến vật mang nghĩa chủ động Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai câu sau The football match was so (A) bored (B) that they turned off (C) TV and went to (D) bed BÀI TẬP: Xác định từ có gạch chân cần phải sửa để câu sau trở thành xác: My uncle lived (A) in Hanoi since (B) 1990 to 1998, but he is now living (C) in (D) Hue I’d like to go (A) on a holiday (B), but (C) I haven’t got many (D) money My shoes need (A) mend (B) so (C) I take them (D) to a shoes-maker The weather is (A) more hot (B) as (C) it was (D) yesterday By the time (A) the (B) police come (C) the robber had run (D) away They had to (A) sell their (B) house because of (C) they needed (D) money The teacher said (A) that Peter had made (B) much (C) mistakes in (D) his essays Peter said (A) that it was (B) her which (C) had stolen (D) his suitcase It was so (A) a funny film (B) that (C) I burst out laughing (D) 10 Before (A) to go (B) out, remember (C) to turn off (D) the lights 11 I was listening (A) to (B) radio last night when (C) the door bell rings (D) Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 47 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPT 12 I like (A) pupils (B) who works (C) very hard (D) 13 Peter can play (A) table tennis better (B) more than (C) I can (D) 14 The children (A) are very boring (B) and they don’t (C) know what to (D) 15 It spent (A) me (B) 30 minutes to clean (C) the (D) floor 16 Susan’s (A) new computer is (B) similar than (C) mine (D) 17 I haven’t come (A) back (B) to London for (C) my father last visited (D) me 18 He stopped to smoke (A) because cigarettes are (B)harmful for (C) his health (D) 19 Tom was so (A) tiring (B) that he could (C) not go home (D) 20 Would you mind (A) lend (B) me your (C) book until next week (D)? 21 They would rather (A) go by air (B) as (C) spend a week traveling (D) by train 22 If I were (A) her, I will quit (B) that job immediately (C) and look for another one (D) 23 The painting (A) Sun flower, which painted by (B) Van Gogh, was stolen (C) many times (D) 24 My mother had few (A) schooling , but (B) she's the most intelligent (C) woman I've ever known (D) 25 Darwin's (A) theory of (B) evolution is well - know (C) all over the world (D) 26 I don’t know (A) why (B) he always avoids to meet (C) me (D) 27 If (A) he arrived late (B), we will begin (C) without him (D) 28 The last (A) time my father played (B) tennis were (C) in (D)1990 29 AIDS is (A) one of the fastest (B) growing disease (C) in the world (D) today 30 Yesterday evening while (A) I was watching (B) TV, Mary pays (C) me a visit (D) 31 Most (A) women used to stay (B) at home (C) and done (D) housework 32 It is such (A) an interested (B) novel that (C) I don’t want to stop reading (D) it Period 24: CẤU TẠO TỪ PHẦN 1: MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý 1) Quan sát cấu trúc ngữ pháp câu Ví dụ 1: The equipment in our office needs _ A moderner B modernizing C modernized D modernization Câu có chủ ngữ vật (The equipment) nên sau need V-ing – Đáp án câu modernizing Mỗi loại động từ với dạng bổ trợ định Khi biết cấu trúc việc xác định cấu tạo từ sau dễ dàng Các động từ mind, enjoy, avoid, finish, keep động từ sau ln V-ing Các động từ agree, aim, appear, ask, attempt, decide, demand bổ trợ ln động từ ngun thể có to Ví dụ 2: That is the most _ girl I’ve seen A beautifuler B beautiful C beautifulest D beautifully Từ cần điền tính từ bổ nghĩa cho girl Trước vị trí trống the most – dấu hiệu so sánh Đến nhiều em chọn beautifulest nghĩ tính từ dạng so sánh thêm –est cuối từ quy tắc áp dụng với tính từ ngắn, tính từ dài (hai âm tiết trở nên ) cấu trúc the most + nguyên mẫu tính từ 2) Khi phương án A, B, C, D thuộc loại từ vựng (danh từ tính từ) em phải xem xét ý nghĩa từ để chọn đáp án xác Ví dụ : Computer is one of the most important _of the 20th century A inventings B inventories C inventions D inventor Sau one of phải danh từ số nhiều Tuy nhiên inventories lại có nghĩa tóm tắt, kiểm kê inventions phát minh, sáng chế Đáp án câu đương nhiên inventions Nếu không em ý đến đuôi –tion, cách cấu tạo danh từ vật từ động từ thơng dụng suy đáp án câu 3) Xem xét ý nghĩa phủ định từ Khi thêm tiền tố in, un, ir, dis nghĩa từ bị đảo ngược hoàn toàn Dựa vào yếu tố em nhận biết nghĩa từ khẳng định hay phủ định Tuy nhiên từ kết hợp với loại phụ tố định Ví dụ responsible kết hợp với tiền tố ir-, illegal kết hợp với tiền tố il- Ví dụ: I think it’s very _ of him to expect us to work overtime every night this week A reason B reasonable C unreasonable D inreasonable Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 48 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT Từ cần điền tính từ Cụm từ “work overtime every night this week” mang hàm ý phủ định nên tính từ câu mang nghĩa phủ định – unreasonable (Reasonable kết hợp với tiền tố un- để tạo nên từ trái nghĩa) Để làm dạng tập em phải liên hệ từ cần điền với cụm từ khác câu để nhận biết ý câu khẳng định hay phủ định từ xác định dạng thức từ PHẦN 2: MỘT SỐ CÁCH CẤU TẠO TỪ THÔNG DỤNG 1) Cấu tạo danh từ: Hậu tố Nghĩa Thêm Để tạo Ví dụ (đuôi) vào thành -ant; -er; Người Động từ Danh từ Teach – teacher; type – typist; collect – collector -or; -ist Danh từ Science – scientist; art – artist -ee Người nhận Động từ Danh từ Employ – employee (người lao động); hành động Train – trainee (người huấn luyện) -ence Trạng thái Động từ Danh từ Depend – dependence (sự độc lập) Exist – existence (sự tồn tại) -ese Người Danh từ Danh từ Japan – Japanese Quốc tịch China – Chinese -ion Trạng thái, Động từ Danh từ Invent – invention Prevent – prevention -ment Trạng thái Động từ Danh từ Move – movement (sự chuyển động) Sự Develop – development (sự phát triển) -ure Trạng thái; Động từ Danh từ Fail – failure (sự thất bại) Sự Please – pleasure (niềm vui thích) -ty; -ness; Trạng thái; Tính từ Danh từ Difficult – difficulty (sự khó khăn) bility; ce Sự Happy – happiness (niềm hạnh phúc) Flexible – flexibility (sự linh động) Different – difference (sự khác nhau) 2) Cấu tạo tính từ: Tính từ thường đứng sau động từ tobe, become, look (trơng có vẻ); feel (cảm thấy)… xuất trước danh từ, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ - He has an intelligent brother - He looks intelligent Hậu tố Nghĩa Thêm Để tạo Ví dụ (đi) vào thành -able Có thể Động từ Tính từ Accept – acceptable (có thể chấp nhận được) Consider – considerable (đáng kể) - ful Đầy, có đặc Danh từ Tính từ Meaning – meaningful; thank – thankful điểm Use – useful; care - careful Help – helpful; harm – harmful -less Khơng có Danh từ Tính từ Harm – harless; home – homeless (khơng có nhà) Care – careless; child – childless (khơng có con) -ous Có đặc điểm Danh từ Tình từ Danger – dangerous Poison – poisonnous (có độc) -y Có Danh từ Tính từ Snow – snowy; cloud – cloudy; rain – rainy Hằng Day –daily; week – weekly; year – yearly (annual) -al; ic; tive Thuộc Danh từ Tính từ Finance – financial (thuộc tài chính, kinh tế) Climate – climatic (thuộc khí hậu) 3) Cấu tạo động từ Tiền tố Nghĩa Thêm Để tạo Ví dụ (đầu) vào thành Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 49 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga EnHậu tố (đi) -en -ise; -ize Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPT Làm cho Tính từ Động từ Nghĩa Thêm vào Tính từ Tính từ Để tạo thành Động từ Động từ Làm cho Làm cho Large – enlarge (làm cho lớn lên) Able – enable (làm cho có thể) Ví dụ Wide – widen (mở rộng) Modern – modernize (hiện đại hố) Industrial – industrialise (cơng nghiệp hố) 4) Cấu tạo trạng từ Trạnh từ làm rõ nghĩa động từ, tính từ trạng từ khác; Nó cịn bổ nghĩa cho câu Trạng từ thường có vị trí trước động từ thường, trước tính từ trạng từ khác Hậu tố Nghĩa Thêm Để tạo Ví dụ (đi) vào thành -ly Một cách Tính từ Trạng từ Quick – quickly; careful – carefully; bad – badly Một số trạng từ có hình thức giống với tính từ: fast, hard, far, much 5) Một số tiền tố khác: Khi thêm số tiền tố un- (unhappy), in- (inactive), dis- (dislike), mis- (misspell, misunderstand), ir- (irresponsible), il- (illegal) nghĩa từ trái ngược hoàn toàn Tuy nhiên từ lại kết hợp với loại phụ tố định, ví dụ mis- kết hợp với understand, spell không kết hợp với happy hay active Tiền tố over- có nghĩa mức: overweight (quá cân); overcrowded (quá đông) PHẦN 3: BÀI TẬP Chọn phương án (A, B, C D để hoàn thành câu sau: When I’m tired, I enjoy listening to music It’s A relax B relaxation C relaxing D relaxed She is in asking for bigger salary She has worked hard A reason B unreasonable C reasonable D unreasonably He chooses _ career because he loves children A teacher B teacher’s C teach D teaching I know _ how she felt A exact B exactly C exactness D exacting I felt quite _ with my dad’s work A satisfy B satisfactory C satisfied D satisfaction We are in regular _ with each other by telephone or letter A communicate B communicative C communication D communicatively He apologized for the he had caused A convenient B inconvenient C convenience D inconvenience After the death of her husband, Marie Curie took up his position at the Sorbonne A tragic B tragedy C tragical D tragically They gave a clear _ of their intentions A demonstrate B demonstrative C demonstration D demonstrating 10 What makes a computer such a _ device? A miracle B miraculous C miraculously D wonder 11 You can relax with computer games or by listening to _ A computer - played B computers – played C computer - playing D computers - playing 12 My father has bought me an computer A economical B electrical C electric D electronic 13 Information technology is very to our lives A useful B useless C use D usefully 14 A computer is a _ typewriter which allows you to type and print any kind of document A magically B magical C magic D magician 15 Hue is famous for its _ spots A beauty B beautiful C beautify D beautifully 16 The commander gave an talk to his men A encouraged B encouraging C encouragingly D encouragement Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 50 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT 17 I wish you would stop _ me whenever I speak A interrupt B interrupting C to interrupt D interruption 18 The most thing about listening to music is that you can relax your mind A enjoyment B enjoyed C enjoying D enjoyable 19 When did the cinema come into _? A exist B existing C existence D existences 20 “The Spy Returns” is a very _ film about a wealthy man who visits Italy A exciting B excited C excitement D excite 21 Three films are in _ for the same contract A compete B competitive C competition D competitor 22 Your money will be refunded if the goods are not to your A satisfy B satisfactory C satisfaction D satisfactorily 23 The food in this restaurant was rather A disappoint B disappointing C disappointed D disappointment 24 The Earth 360 degrees every 24 hours A rotated B rotate C is rotating D rotates 25 The of crops on the same land can prevent soil erosion A rotate B rotating C rotation D rotated 26 Some large cities have had measures to minimize air A pollution B pollute C polluted D polluting 27 When wastes are poured into the atmosphere, the air becomes contaminated and to breathe A unpleased B unpleasing C pleasant D unpleasant 28 I sometimes not feel when I am at a party A comfort B comfortable C comfortably D comforter 29 Do you feel to this kind of job? A attracted B attract C attraction D attractive 33 We like the reading room because it is furnished A comfortable B comfortably C uncomfortable D uncomfortably 34 The American War of was won in 1776 A depending B dependence C independence D independent 35 Burning coal is an way of heating a house A economy B economic C economical D economically 36 There are very few places left on earth Man has been nearly everywhere A explore B exploring C explored D unexplored 37 The thing I hate about John is his A reliable B reliability C unreliability D unrelying 38 There were 50 _ in the talent contest A compete B competitor C competitors D competition 39 His boss told him off because he had behaved _ A responsible B responsibly C irresponsible D irresponsibly 40 In my opinion, all are equally bad, irrespective of which party they belong to A politics B politic C politician D politicians Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 51 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT Period 25: TRANSFORMATION Cách biến đổi câu cách ta viết lại câu theo cấu trúc (thường cho trước) mà không thay đổi nghóa câu ban đầu * Ví dụ 1: Hãy viết lại câu sau : - He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill Because of…… Theo ví dụ trên, ta viết lại câu “Because of…”, có nghóa ta biến mệnh đề “ he was ill” thành cụm từ, sau “because of” ta phải dùng cụm từ Như vậy, câu viết lại : Because of his illness, he didn’t go to school yesterday Hoaëc Because of being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday Hoaëc Because of his being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday * Ví dụ 2: Hãy viết lại câu sau : - They built that house a century ago That house…… Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại bắt đầu “That house” – túc từ – có nghóa ta viết lại câu dạng bị động (passive voice) Như vậy, câu viết lại sau : That house was built a century ago * Ví dụ 3: Hãy viết lại câu sau : - He doesn’t go out because he doesn’t have time If…… Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại bắt đầu “If”, có nghóa ta viết lại câu thành câu điều kiện thật (loại 2) động từ Câu viết lại nhö sau : If he had time, he would go out * Ví dụ 4: Hãy viết lại câu sau : - The last time I saw her was five years ago I haven’t………… Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại hoàn thành câu bắt đầu “I haven’t……” I haven’t seen her for five years (ago không dùng hoàn thành, nên ta dùng for để thay thế) * Ví dụ 5: Hãy viết lại câu sau : - His house is bigger than mine My house isn’t……… Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 52 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại chuyển thành dạng so sánh thể phủ định My house isn’t as big as his Hay My house isn’t so big as his (house) Transformation writing Ex1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence They were such difficult questions that we couldn’t answer all of them > The questions were so………………………… I don’t know her phone number, so I can’t call her > If I……………………………………………… It’s pity I can’t play the guitar well -> I wish…………………………………………… I lived in Nha Trang once, but I don’t any more -> I used ………………………………………… I usually ate a lot of chocolate when I was small -> I used………………………………………… I last met him two years ago -> I haven’t………………………… Whose motorbike is that ? -> Whose does………………………………… Your son is too young to ride to school -> Your son isn’t…………………………… They haven’t finished the final test -> The final test…………………………… 10 If it doesn’t stop raining, we won’t go home > Unless it………………………………… 11 My uncle spent five hours repairing his house > It took…………………………………… 12 The bike was so expensive that I didn’t buy it > The bike was too………………………… Ex2: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence Use the word given and other words as necessary Don’t change the form of the given word Unless he starts saving now, he can’t go on holiday (if) I walked to school everyday when I was in primary school (used) The last time we went to New York was three years ago (been) I haven’t eaten the food like this before (time) The picture is so high that she can’t reach it (too) Ex3: Read the following sentences Put the letters A, B, C and D in their correct order him / I asked / he came from / what country / A B C D were you / if I / an English – Vietnamese dictionary / I would buy / A B C D near the window / who is standing / is the boy / Lan’s brother / A B C D Mai wishes that / to finish / she could have time / the housework / A B C D Tom felt hungry / Even though / to eat anything / he didn’t want / A B C D Ex4: Complete each of the following sentences, using the words given Hoang / used / write / Nam / but / now / he / telephone Jack / be / out of work / since / he / leave / job I / ask / Tom / what / going / next Sunday James Watt / who / Scotish scientist / invent / steam engine Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 53 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPT We / really enjoy / trip / HaLong / last week / though / rain / very heavy Ex5: Arrange the following words to make meaningful sentences Do not omit any word and you can make any change if it is necessary Each sentence begins with the word in capital you / The book / me / interesting / which / lend / last week very / be bike / too / us / by / to go / be / for / The beach / far when / the ceiling / fall off / paint / Mr Brown / he / the ladder Ex6: Put the words in order to make meaningful sentences / could / what / if / you / a / were / you / millionaire/? Hanoi / been / you / to / have / capital / ever/? Ex7: Choose the correct sentence ( A, B, C or D) made from the suggested words he / five / years / old / she A He is older five years than she is B He is five years than she is older C He is older than she is five years D He is five years older than she is last time / she / typed / report / two months A The last time she typed a report two months ago B The last time she typed a report was two months ago C The last time she had typed a report two months ago D The last time she has typed a report two months ago What / you / like / / your / free time? A What you like doing in your free time? B What you like in your free time? C What you like doing your free time? D What you like doing in your free time? book / interesting / I / not / put / down A It was such interesting a book that I couldn’t put it down B The book was such interesting that I couldn’t put it down C It was so interesting book that I couldn’t put it down D It was such an interesting book that I couldn’t put it down What / you / / if / you / meet / alien / outer space A What you if you met an alien from outer space? B What would you if you met an alien from outer space? C What would you if you met alien from outer space? D What would you if you meet an alien from outer space? Two miles / long / distance / old man / jog / everyday A Two miles are a long distance for such old an man to jog everyday B Two miles are a long distance for such old man to jog everyday C Two miles is a long distance for so an old man to jog everyday D Two miles is a long distance for such an old man to jog everyday are / we / fond / play games / not A We are not fond of playing computer games? B We are not fond of play computer games C We are not fond playing computer games D We are not fond of playing computer games He / spend / much time / TV programs A He spends much time TV programs B He spend much time TV programs C He spends much time on TV programs D He spend much time on TV programs I / go / if / fine / next Sunday/ A I’ll go if they are fine next Sunday B I’ll go if it is fine next Sunday C I go if it is fine next Sunday Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 54 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT D I’ll go if it was fine next Sunday 10 “ Ring a bell ”/ be / Christmas Eve / song / which / sung/ A “ Ring a bell ” is a song which was sung on Christmas Eve B “ Ring a bell ” was a song which sung on Christmas Eve C “ Ring a bell ” is a song which sung on Christmas Eve D “ Ring a bell ” is a song which is sung on Christmas Eve 11 I usually ate a lot of chocolate when I was small A I used to eat a lot of chocolate when I was small B I get used to eating a lot of chocolate when I was small C A lot of chocolate was usually made by me when I was small D My parents bought a lot of chocolate when I was small 12 It’s pity I can’t speak Chinese A I wish I were a Chinese B I want to go to China C I wish I could speak Chinese D I hope I can’t speak Chinese 13 I last saw her 10 years ago A I haven’t seen her since 10 years B I didn’t see her for 10 years C I haven’t seen her for 10 years D.I didn’t see her since 10 years 14 People plant rice in those fields A Rice planted in those fields B Rice are planted in those fields C Rice in planted in those fields D Rice is planted in those fields 15 It’s a pity I can’t play the piano A I wish I couldn’t play the piano B I wish I can play the piano C I wish I could play the piano D I wish I played the piano 16 She is the woman I met her last week A She is the woman who I met last week B She is the woman which I met last week C She is the woman whom I met last week D She is the woman whose I met last week 17 He is too short to play basketball A If he were not short, he could play basketball B If he not short, he could play basketball C If he were not short, he will play basketball D If he were short, he could play basketball 18 Jane doesn’t go to school late nowadays A Jane use to go to school late B Jane use to going to school late C Jane used to go to school early D Jane used to go to school late 19 Someone must meet him at the railway station A He must be meet at the railway station B He must be at the railway station C He must be met at the railway station D He must have been met at the railway station 20 Sue lives in the house The house is opposite my house A Sue lives in the house which is opposite her house B Sue lives in the house which is opposite my house C Sue lives in the house which opposite my house D Sue lives in the house it is opposite my house 21 People should experiments on animals A Experiments on animals should be stopped B Experiments on animals should be stop C Experiments on animals should be stoped D Experiments on animals should been stopped 22 They built this house last month A This house is built last month B This house was built last month C This house were built last month D This house was build last month Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 55 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPT 23 They have worked in that factory since 2002 A They started to work in that factory in 2002 B They have worked in that factory in 2002 C They worked in that factory in 2002 D They have started to work in that factory in 2002 24 “ How much are your glasses ? ” she asked me A She wanted to know what the price of my glasses was B She wanted to know what the price of my glasses were C She wanted to know how much my are glasses D She wanted to know how much my glasses are 25 He hasn’t been to the dentist’s for over two years A The last time he has been to the dentist’s over two years ago B He last went to the dentist’s over two years ago C It has been over two years since he has been to the dentist’s D The last time he went to the dentist’s over two years ago 26 The painters have repainted the house for them A They have got the painters repaint their house B They have had their house be repainted C They have had the painters to repaint their house D They have had their house repainted 27 Unless we protect the environment, our life will be badly affected A If we don’t protect the environment, our life won’t be badly affected B If we don’t protect the environment, our life will be badly affected C If we protect the environment, our life will be badly affected D If our life is badly affected, we will protect the environment 28 It’s time for you to go to school A It’s time you go to schoool B It’s time you went to school C It’s time you will go to schoool D It’s time you would go to schoool 29 How long is it since you saw Tom ? A When have you seen Tom ? B When you see Tom ? C When will you see Tom ? D When did you see Tom ? 30 When did you buy this car ? A How long you buy this car ? B How long have you buy this car ? C How long have you bought this car ? D How long did you buy this car ? 31 He usually plays the piano at night A He used to play the piano at night B He is used to play the piano at night C He is used to playing the piano at night D He was used to playing the piano at night 32 The gate is painted once a year A They paint the gate once a year B They painted the gate once a year C They are painting the gate once a year D They will paint the gate once a year 33 I spent two hours doing my homework A My home work taken me two hours to B It took me two hours to my homework C My homework made me two hours to spend doing D I took two hours spending to my homework 34 John has never eaten with chopsticks before A John used to eat with chopsticks B John has eaten with chopsticks many times before C It’s the first time John has ever eaten with chopsticks D It’s the last time John ate with chopsticks Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 56 GV: Nguyễn Thị Thúy Nga Ơn thi tốt nghiệp THPT Chúc em thành công kỳ thi tới! Trêng THPT Tø S¬n 57 ... television is in the corner of the room on the ceiling on the wall on the floor on a page on a board on a shelf on a chair on your nose on the left on the right on the ground on the beach on an... * ON : Ta duøng on với ngày tuần (days) ngày tháng (dates) on March 12th on Friday on Christmas Day th - They got married on March 12 Ta nói : on Friday morning(s) on Sunday afternoon(s) on. .. 26 You should give us this information A We should give you this information C We should be give this information B We should be given this information D This information should give us 26 They