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DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH I. REPORTED SPEECH Direct speech Reported speech Hoa said, “I am happy.” Hoa said (that) she was happy. 1.Changes in tense * optional, dependent on context Notes: • “may,can” is changed into “might,could” in Reported speech Ex; (Direct speech) - Nam said , “I can play the piano.” (Reported speech) - Nam said (that )he could play the piano.” • “would ,could,should,ought to or might” is not changed in Reported speech Ex: (Direct speech) - Lan said, “ I should tidy my room.” (Reported speech) - Lan said( that )she should tidy her room. • “must” is unchanged or to be “have to” Ex: (Direct speech) - John said, “ I must do the exercises.” (Reported speech) - John said ( that ) he must do the exercises. - John said ( that ) he had to do the exercises. 2.Changes in pronouns,possessive pronouns and adverbs a. Pronouns, possessive pronouns are changed in Reported speech. Ex: (Direct speech) - Mrs Xuan said, “ I enjoy my day .” (Reported speech) - Mrs Xuan said (that) she enjoyed her day. b.Some adverbs are changed in reported speech . Direct speech Reported peech TIME now today tonight tomorrow yesterday last night/ week ago on / next Monday then/ immedately that day that night the next / following day the day before/the previous day the night/ week before before/earlier the following Monday Direct speech Reported speech Present simple He said, “I study hard.” Past simple He said (that) he studied hard. Present progressive He said, “I am studying hard.” Past progressive He said (that) he was studying hard. Past simple He said, “I studied hard.” Past simple/ Past perfect* He said (that) he studied hard./he had studied hard.* Past progressive He said, “I was studying hard.” Past progressive/ Past perfect progressive* He said (that) he was studying hard./he had been studying hard * Present perfect He said, “I have studied hard.” Past perfect He said (that) he had studied hard. Simple future He said, “I will study hard.” Would + infinitive He said (that) he would study hard. PLACE here there DEMONSTRATIVE HEADS this that that those Ex: (Direct speech) -Tom said, “ I have to go now.” (Reported speech) -Tom said (that) he had to go then.” II. REPORTED SPEECH IN QUESTION FORMS. 1. Reported speech in “WH question” Ex 1: (Direct speech) - He asked me, “ What do you know about Malaysia?” (Reported speech) - He asked me what I knew about Malaysia. Ex 2: (Direct speech) - Mr Hoang asked me, “What is your name?” (Reported speech) - Mr Hoang asked me what my name was. 2.Reported speech in “Yes / No question” Ex1: (Direct speech) -Mrs Parker asked me, “Are you Vietnamese?” (Reported speech) -Mrs Parker asked me if/ whether I was Vietnamese. III .COMMANDS IN REPORTED SPEECH. Commands in reported speech are in the form: Subject told asked requested begged odered object (not) to infintive Ex1: (Direct speech) -He said to me, “Can you post this letter for me?” (Reported speech) -He asked me to post the letter for him. Ex2: (Direct speech) -The doctor said to me, “ Stay in bed for a few days.” (Reported speech) -The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days.” PRACTICE I. Circle the correct sentences. 1.Nam said to us , “I am very happy to see you here.” A.Nam told us that I was very happy to see you there. B.Nam told us that he was very happy to see us there. C.Nam told us that he was very happy to see you there. D.Nam told us that I was very happy to see you here. 2.My friend said, “I am planning to take a trip to the countryside .” A.My friend said I am planning to take a trip to the countryside. B.My friend said he planned to take a trip to the countryside. C.My friend said he was planning to take a trip to the countryside. D.My friend said I was planning to take a trip to the countryside. 3.Tam said, “ I will visit my grandparents next Sunday.” A.Tam said he would visit his grandparents the following Sunday . B.Tam said he would visit my grandparents the following Sunday C.Tam said he would visit his grandparents next Sunday.” D.Tam said he will visit his grandparents next Sunday.” 4.Nga said to me, “I can use the computer”. A.Nga told me that I could use a computer. B.Nga told me that I can use a computer. C.Nga told me that she can use a computer. D.Nga told me that she could use a computer. 5.My teacher asked me, “Have you ever heard about UFOs?” A.My teacher asked me had you ever heard about UFOs. B.My teacher asked me if had I ever heard about UFOs. C.My teacher asked me if I had ever heard about UFOs D.My teacher asked me if you had ever heard about UFOs 6.The teacher said to us: “Copy these exercises in your notebooks.” A.The teacher told us copy these exercises in your notebooks. B. The teacher told us to copy those exercises in our notebooks . C.The teacher told us to copy these exercises in our notebooks . D.The teacher told us to copy these exercises in your notebooks . 7.The doctor asked me, “How do you feel now?” A.The doctor asked me how did you feel now. B.The doctor asked me how I felt then. C.The doctor asked me how you felt then. D.The doctor asked me how do you feel then. 8.He asked me, “Are you free on Sunday?” A.He asked me I was free on Sunday. B.He asked me if I was free on the following Sunday. C.He asked me if you were free on Sunday. D.He asked me if I am free on the following Sunday. 9.My mother said to me, “Don’t spend much time on playing games.” A.My mother told me to spend much time on playing games. B.My mother told me not spend much time on playing games. C.My mother told me not to spend much time on playing games. D.My mother told me to spending much time on playing games. 10.He asked Lan, “How far is it from your house to the school?” A.He asked Lan how far it is from your house to the the school. B.He asked Lan how far was it from her house to the the school. C.He asked Lan how far it was from my house to the the school. D.He asked Lan how far it was from her house to the the school. 11.The old woman said to the boy, “ Can you help me?” A. The old woman asked the boy to help me. B. The old woman asked the boy to help her. C. The old woman asked if she could help the boy. D. The old woman asked if you could help her. 12.His mother said to him, “You must do your homework now.” A.His mother told him that he must do his homework now. B.His mother told him that he must do your homework then. C.His mother told him that he had to do his homework then. D.His mother told him that you have to do your homework now. 13.I asked him, “Will you take part in the program with us? A.I asked him whether you took part in the program with us. B.I asked him whether I would take part in the program with us. C.I asked him whether he would take part in the program with us. D.I asked him whether would he take part in the program with us. 14.She asked me, “Do you like playing games on the Internet?” A.She asked me if you liked playing games on the Internet . B.She asked me if I like playing games on the Internet . C.She asked me if did you like playing games on the Internet . D.She asked me if I liked playing games on the Internet . 15.Honghoa said , “I don’t know which website is useful for me.” A. Honghoa said that she didn’t know which website was useful for her. B. Honghoa said that I don’t know which website is useful for her. C. Honghoa said that she didn’t know which website is useful for me. D. Honghoa said that I don’t know which website is useful for me. 16.He said, “I am going to Hanoi tomorrow.” A.He said that I was going to Hanoi tomorrow. B.He said that he was going to Hanoi tomorrow. C.He said that I am going to Hanoi the following day. D.He said that he was going to Hanoi the following day. 17.She asked me, “How old are you?” A.She asked me how old were you. B.She asked me how old was she. C.She asked me how old was I. D.She asked me how old I was . 18.Mr Green said to us, “We should save fresh water.” A.Mr Green said that if we should save fresh water. B.Mr Green said that we should not save fresh water. C.Mr Green said that we should save fresh water. D.Mr Green said that should we save fresh water. 19.Mary said, “I am very happy on my birthday.” A.Mary said I was very happy on her birthday. B.Mary said I was very happy on my birthday. C.Mary said she was very happy on my birthday. D.Mary said she was very happy on her birthday. 20.Mrs Tuyet said to her son , “Give the book to me,please.” A.Mrs Tuyet told her son give the book to me. B.Mrs Tuyet told her son to give the book to me. C.Mrs Tuyet told her son to give the book to her. D.Mrs Tuyet told her son give the book to her. *II.Change the following sentences into Reported Speech. 1.Maryam said to Lan, “Would you like to come and visit me next summer?” 2.His mother said to him, “ Don’t forget to turn off the faucet after using.” 3.Mr Lam asked his secretary, “Can you choose a suitable language school for me?” 4.Mr Brown said , “I am disappointed that people have spoiled this area.” 5.My teacher said, “If we keep on wasting water,we will have no fresh water to use in the future.” 6.My teacher said , “ You have no English class today because I am busy .” 7.She asked me, “ Have you ever been to Da lat?” 8.He said to me, “ Can you help me?” 9.The examiner asked her, “Can you speak other languages?” 10.The tourist asked me, “Is there a post office near here?” . (Direct speech) - Lan said, “ I should tidy my room.” (Reported speech) - Lan said( that )she should tidy her room. • “must” is unchanged or to be “have to” Ex: (Direct speech) - John said, “. speech) -Tom said, “ I have to go now.” (Reported speech) -Tom said (that) he had to go then.” II. REPORTED SPEECH IN QUESTION FORMS. 1. Reported speech in “WH question” Ex 1: (Direct speech) - He. about Malaysia?” (Reported speech) - He asked me what I knew about Malaysia. Ex 2: (Direct speech) - Mr Hoang asked me, “What is your name?” (Reported speech) - Mr Hoang asked me what my name