First certificate language practice part 28 potx

FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE Question tags • Sometimes a simple statement is too short and does not help the conversation to develop in a friendly way. You're French. The other person does not know what to say. We can add a tag to the end of the statement so that it becomes a question. You're French, aren't you? Now the other person knows that they have to reply and the conversation can continue. • Tags are formed using auxiliaries {do, be, have or a modal). Helen lives here, doesn't she? You left early, didn't you? Jack was born in Italy, wasn't he? You will help me, won't you? Someone's got to pay, haven't they? • A positive statement has a negative tag, and expects the answer Yes. A: You agree with me, don't you? B: Yes, I do. A negative statement has a positive tag, and expects the answer No. A: You don't take sugar, do you? B: No, I don't. It is possible for a positive tag to follow a positive statement, to express interest, or ask for confirmation. This is less common. So you like working here, do you? Tags with will and won't can be used after imperatives. Don't drive too fast, will you? - Let's has a tag formed with shall. Let's have a drink, shall we? GRAMMAR 31 INVERSION AND QUESTION TAGS Underline the most suitable words in each sentence. a) Let's go to London next weekend, shall we/won't we? b) You shouldn't have told me, did you/should you? c) Jim hasn't been waiting long, was he/has he? d) You won't tell anyone about this, do you/will you? e) You're not doing what I told you, do you/are you? f) Answer the phone for me, will you/do you? g) George can't have noticed, can he/has he? h) You've got to leave now, don't you/haven't you? i) Pam and Tim got married last year, didn't they/haven't they? j) I don't think John's very friendly, does he/is he? 2 Add suitable question tags. (Do not use positive tags for positive statements.) a) Don't leave anything behind, will you ? b) David is bringing some wine, ? c) You'll be home before midnight, ? d) Harry was working in Bristol then, ? e) Nobody knows who invented the wheel, ? f) You don't need me any more, ? g) The ticket to London doesn't cost a lot, ? h) Let's invite the Smiths from next door, ? i) You aren't too busy to talk, ? j) Jean owns a restaurant, ? 183 FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE 3 Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. a) Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind. Not only was Tony late, but he had left all his books behind. b) I had no sooner gone to bed than someone rang my doorbell. No sooner c) I have seldom stayed in a worse hotel. Seldom '. d) I have never heard such nonsense! Never e) I realised only then that I had lost my keys. Only then f) The economic situation has rarely been worse. Rarely g) The manager not once offered us an apology. Not once h) You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances. Under no circumstances i) I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage. Only after seeing Hamlet j) The embassy staff little realised that Ted was a secret agent. Little 4 Rewrite each sentence so that it begins with the word or words in italics. a) The best time to buy a house is now. b) The bus came round the comer. c) The price of petrol went up. d) The Parthenon stands on the top of the Acropolis. e) The wheels of the engine went round and round. f) Winston Churchill lived in this house. g) The flag went down. h) The best part of the story comes now. 184 GRAMMAR 31 INVERSION AND QUESTION TAGS 1) A are you B is it C do you D isn't it 2) A No sooner B After C Not only D As soon as 3) A that B but C and D than 4) A Not only B Seldom C Not once D Only then 5) A than B but C so D and 6) A can't I B won't I C will I D can I 7) A It goes B Goes it C Goes there D There goes 8) A isn't it B haven't you C didn't you D don't you 9) A do we B don't it C shall we D aren't we 10) A don't you B isn't it C can't you D won't you 11) A on comes B comes on C it comes on D comes it on 12) A does it B should it C shouldn't it D won't it 13) A isn't it B don't you C can't you D can't it 14) A Not only B Only then C Never D Under no circumstances 15) A isn't it B are you C don't you D aren't you Key points 1 In formal speech and writing it is possible to use inversion after negative adverbs. The adverb has to be at the beginning of the sentence or clause. 2 Intonation carries important meaning in question tags. Rising tags are questions, falling tags are checking information. (question) (checking) 185 5 Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space. Asking for advice You don't happen to know how this computer works, (1) C. ? (2) had I bought it (3) I regretted spending so much money! I haven't even got an instruction manual. (4) did I completely fail to understand the instructions, (5) then I accidentally threw the manual away. Now I'll never understand it, (6) , I said to myself. (7) my weekend, I thought, but then I remembered you. You've done a course on computers, (8) ? Let's look at it together, (9) , and try to understand it. You press this button first, (10) ? Then (11) this little light, and a message that says 'Error'. It shouldn't do that, (12) ? You can fix it, (13) ? Don't do that! This label says: '(14) should an unqualified person remove this panel'. Well, you are unqualified, (15) ? What do you mean, do it yourself! Explanations • Because, as and since As and since have the meaning of because and can begin a sentence. As/since it was late, we decided to go home. In formal, written language we can use for to mean because, but it cannot begin a sentence. Peter has given up sailing, for he doesn't have the time. • Because of, on account of, due to and owing to We can use all these words in place of because of. Everyone was depressed on account of/due to/owing to the bad weather. Note this difference: Sue's success was due to her hard work. (noun + be + due to) Sue succeeded owing to her hard work. (verb + owing to) Grammar 13 and the first part of this unit cover linking words that join clauses within a sentence. There are also linking words that join ideas across sentences and paragraphs. These are sometimes called 'text organizers' because they make clear the organization of what we say or write. They are more common in writing or formal speech. They usually come at the start of a sentence and have a comma afterwards, but can come after a comma in the middle of a sentence. • Sequencing We often number or order the points we are making. First (of all) , Secondly , Next , Then , Finally/lastly/last of all In narrative, the sequence of events can be introduced by: First , Then , After that , Finally/in the end • Adding We can introduce additional points. Furthermore , Moreover , In addition to , As well as this , Besides this • Giving opinions We can introduce personal opinions. Personally , In my own opinion/view • Giving examples We can introduce examples. For example , For instance We can also use such as to give an example, but it is not used at the beginning of a sentence. The factory produces electrical goods, such as food mixers and other kitchen appliances. Text organizers Reason 186 GRAMMAR 32 LINKING WORDS 2 • Showing a result Grammar 13 gave some informal ways to show a result. Formal ways include: Consequently , As a result , Thus • Making a contrast Grammar 13 gave some informal ways to make a contrast. Formal ways include: On the other hand , However , Nevertheless , In contrast , In comparison • Summarizing We can summarize all the points we have made. In conclusion , To sum up 187 FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE Underline the most suitable word or phrase in each sentence. a) Many people feel nervous about flying, and worry about the possibility of an accident. Furthermore/However, according to statistics, flying is actually safer than walking down the street. b) Our local supermarket no longer opens every day, as/on account of very few people live in our village. c) There are a number of objections to the planned motorway. As well as this/First of all, the new road will destroy valuable farming land. In contrast/In addition to this, it will bring thousands of vehicles and tourists. As a result/For example, our peaceful way of life will be destroyed forever. d) We conducted a survey of accommodation in the town, and came up with some interesting results. The hotels we saw were rather expensive, and consequently/moreover the actual facilities on offer were not always impressive. Besides this/In contrast, there were many guest houses, offering just bed and breakfast, which were not only good value but also had much better rooms than the hotels did. Finally/Personally, I would recommend The Oaks, a particularly impressive guest house in Long Harbour Road. e) Owing to/Since the increased demand for parking spaces, the company has decided to enlarge the car park. Consequently/Nevertheless the exit road on the west side of the car park will be closed from Monday to allow building work to begin. 2 Put one suitable word in each space. a) In conclusion, I would like to thank you all for your help. b) it's too late to finish the work today, we'll come back tomorrow. c) The flight was delayed a result of the high winds. d) This radio is expensive, but the other hand it has very good reception. e) First all, I would like to welcome you to our annual dinner. f) John is a hard worker. As as this, he is completely reliable. g) Science has not entirely changed the way we think instance, we still speak of the 'sunrise' although we know it is the Earth that is moving. h) Although this building project seems attractive, in my it would be a mistake to spend so much money on it. 188 . FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE Question tags • Sometimes a simple statement is too short and does not help. door, ? i) You aren't too busy to talk, ? j) Jean owns a restaurant, ? 183 FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE 3 Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the. Summarizing We can summarize all the points we have made. In conclusion , To sum up 187 FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE Underline the most suitable word or phrase in each sentence. a) Many people