We use each when we think of the single items in a group, one by one.. We use every when we think of the items in a group all together.. 5 None = not one is often followed by a plural v
Trang 1Each, every - The meaning of each and every is very similar and often either word is
possible
Each/Every time I come here I go to my favourite restaurant
But sometimes there is a small difference We use each when we think of the single items in a group, one by one We use every when we think of the items
in a group all together Compare:
They gave a medal to each member of the team
I believe every word he says
• Each is more usual with a smaller group, and can mean only two Every is more usual with a larger number, and cannot mean two
She kissed him on each cheek
• We can use each of, but we cannot use every of
When the team won the cup, each of them was given a medal
- Each can be used after the subject, or at the end of a sentence
The members each received a medal
The members received a medal each
- Repeated actions are generally described with every
I practise the violin every day
Either, neither - Either and neither both refer to choices between two items Either means the
one or the other Neither means not the one or the other
Monday or Tuesday? Yes, either day is fine
Monday or Tuesday? I'm sorry, but neither day is convenient
So not + either is the same as neither
I didn't like either of those films
Neither of the films was any good
- Either can also mean both Note that either is followed by the singular form of
the noun
On either side of the house there are shops (on both sides)
Trang 2Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the w o r d given in capitals, and the meaning stays the same Do not change the w o r d in any way
a) This is the only money I have left ALL
This is all the money I have left
b) There wasn't anyone at the meeting NO
c) Both singers had bad voices NEITHER
d) All of the cups are dirty NONE
e) Everyone was cheering loudly ALL
f) You both deserve promotion EACH
g) I read both books, but I liked neither of them EITHER
h) Whenever I cross the Channel by boat I feel seasick EVERY
2 Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
a) Everyone in the office was given a personal parking space
Each person in the office was given a personal parking space
b) This town doesn't have any good hotels
There are c) Love is the only thing that you need
All d) These two pens don't write properly
Neither e) We are all responsible for our own actions
Each f) All of us feel lonely sometimes
We g) All of the shops are closed
None h) Both jobs were unsuitable for Helen
Neither
Trang 33 Complete each sentence w i t h the most suitable w o r d or phrase
a) Jack walked into the room with a gun in either C
A) side B) door C) hand D) one
b) I had a hundred offers for my house
A) neither B) each C) all D) no less than
c) I feel so tired this evening I've been working hard
A) all day B) every day C) each day D) day by day
d) The two cars for sale were in poor condition, so I didn't buy
A) either of them B) both of them C) neither of them D) each of them e) I tried to lift the heavy trunk but it was
A) not good B) no less than good C) neither good D) no good
f) The room was full of people and were speaking
A) neither of them B) all of them C) none of them D) each of them g) spent more time walking a century ago
A) People all B) All persons C) each people D) All
h) My friend Jonathan has a gold earring in
A) his two ears B) each ear C) every year D) the ears
i) I looked everywhere for my pen and it was here
A) none of the time B) every time C) all the time D) each time
j) People say that there is like show business
A) all business B) no business C) not business D) all business
Trang 44 Complete each sentence w i t h the most suitable w o r d f r o m the box
a) Is either of you interested in working on Saturday this week?
b) I am afraid there are vacancies in the company at present
c) I think we should be given at least £50 d) other Saturday we watch our local hockey team
e) Let's start now There's time like the present!
f) you are interested in doing is going to the cafe!
g) There are two beds You can sleep in one, it doesn't matter
h) Sally gave a present to and every one of us!
i) And the star of our show is other than Dorothy Rogers!
j) My boss has given me chance to succeed
5 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the w o r d given Do not change the w o r d given You must use between t w o and five words, including the w o r d given
a) I always go to the cinema on Thursdays in winter
Thursday
I go to the cinema every Thursday in winter
b) This has nothing to do with you!
none
This is business! c) I'm afraid there aren't any empty seats at the front
all
I'm afraid at the front are taken
d) From today, lorries are not allowed to go through the town centre
n o From today to go through the town centre
e) The days get colder and colder,
it Each colder f) Both questions were impossible to understand
couldn't
I question
Trang 5g) You only want to listen to rock music!
is
All you to rock music
h) As many as 20,000 people are thought to have attended the concert
t h a n
No are thought to have attended the concert
i) Each child was given £100
were
The £100 each
j) We cannot waste any time!
n o
There waste
Look carefully at each line Some of the lines are correct, and some have a w o r d
which should not be there Tick each correct line If a line has a w o r d which
should not be there, write the w o r d in the space
Supermarkets
The every time I go to a supermarket I ask
myself why I go shopping there so often
Last time I ended up buying all the kinds of things
when the all I really wanted was a packet of
rice and a small loaf, but could find neither
of them I looked in every one corner of the shop
but there was simply no a sign of these products
I looked carefully on either side of the aisles
but it was no any good I ought to confess here
that I had forgotten my glasses! All of I could see
was rows of colourful shapes of all sizes I decided
to ask an assistant They were all a busy of course
and none of them was anywhere nearby in any
case Meanwhile I had been filling my basket with
all the kinds of things I thought I wanted After I
had paid, I had no money left for the weekend,
but I hadn't bought the either of the things I wanted!
Trang 6K e y p o i n t s 1 In the construction all + subject + verb, all means the only thing
All we need now is a new car
But we do not use all by itself as a subject Instead we use everything
Everything is missing, I'm afraid (NOT All is missing)
2 Note these idiomatic uses of no
No parking No smoking
It's no use It's no good
3 Each refers to the single items in a group, one by one Every refers to all the
items of a group together It is usual for larger numbers
Make sure that each letter has a stamp
Every Manchester United fan will be celebrating tonight
Both words are followed by a singular verb {has not have in the example above)
We can use each of but not every of
Each of these books has its interesting points
4 Either and neither refer to two items, separately
Both hotels look good to me Either one would be OK
Neither of these hotels is very comfortable
Both words are followed by a singular verb (is not are in the example above)
5 None (= not one) is often followed by a plural verb form in everyday speech, but
a singular verb in formal speech and writing
None of the students have/has answered the question correctly
Trang 7adjectives One-syllable adjectives, and two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, generally
add -er to make the comparative form (with y changing to i) Adjectives ending in -e add only -r
small, smaller early, earlier late, later
- Comparatives with more
Other two-syllable adjectives, and adjectives of more t h a n two syllables, use
more or less
more/less modern more/less interesting
• Comparatives with -er or more
A small group of two-syllable adjectives have both forms Examples are:
clever, common, narrow, polite, quiet, simple, tired
polite, politer/more polite
• Irregular comparatives Irregular comparatives are:
good, better bad, worse far, farther/further
Note that further has two meanings: a normal meaning of more far, and another meaning of just more
How much further do we have to go? (more far)
I can't really advise you any further (more)
Old has a regular form older, and an irregular form elder that is used as an
adjective
This is my elder sister
Superlatives Superlatives follow similar rules to comparatives in paragraphs 1 and 2 above
One-syllable adjectives use (the) -est and longer adjectives use (the) most
small, smaller, the smallest early, earlier, the earliest late, later, the latest modern, more modern, the most modern
interesting, more interesting, the most interesting
Irregular forms are:
good, the best bad, the worst
Comparatives of • Adverbs follow the same rules as adjectives
adverbs One syllable: fast, faster, the fastest
Two syllables ending -y: early, earlier, the earliest Two or more syllables: efficiently, more/less efficiently, the most/least efficiently