First Certificate language practice with key 4 doc

5 Present tense forms are also used to refer to future time.. Explanations With tense • Summary of tense changes changes Tenses move back in time after a past tense reporting verb.. • R

F I R S T C E R T I F I C A T E L A N G U A G E P R A C T I C E

6 Put each verb in brackets into either the present simple or the present continuous

Dear Aunt Jean,

I (1) am just writing (just write) how to tell you how much I

(2) (appreciate) the money you sent me, and to tell you how I (3) (get on) in my first term at university Actually I (4) (really enjoy) myself! I (5) (study) quite hard as well, but at the m o m e n t I (6) (spend) a lot of

time just making friends I (7) (still stay) with my friend Sue, and I (8) (look for) somewhere of my own to live Only

a few of the first-year students (9) (live) in college here, and I (10) (seem) to be spending a lot of time travelling backwards and forwards I (11) (go) to lectures every morning, and most afternoons I (12) (study) in the library

In fact I (13) (write) this letter instead of an essay on

Hamletl I (14) (think) I'll buy some new clothes with the

money you sent Everything (15) (cost) a lot here, and I (16) (save) to buy a winter coat It

(17) (get) really cold here in the evenings I now (18) (know) some other students and generally speaking

we (19) (have) quite a good time socially! I (20) (also learn) to drive See you soon

Katherine

K e y p o i n t s 1 The present simple describes facts and habitual actions The present continuous

describes actions which are still in progress at the time of speaking

2 Many verbs which describe states rather than momentary events can only be

used in the simple form Many verbs describing mental activities (understand,

know) are of this kind

3 Some verbs have both state and event meanings, but the meanings are not the same

4 When describing a photograph, we usually describe the scene as if it is happening now, and use the present continuous

5 Present tense forms are also used to refer to future time See Grammar 3

6 Where some languages use present tenses, English uses the present perfect See Grammar 2

I've lived in Milan all my life

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first

sentence, using the w o r d given Do not change the w o r d given You must use

between t w o and five words, including the w o r d given

a) There's a party at Mary's house next week

having

Next week Mary's having a party at her house

b) When you phoned me, it was my lunch time

I

When you phoned me lunch

c) I started working here three years ago

for

I've three years

d) Our meeting is tomorrow

a

We tomorrow e) I haven't had a Chinese meal for ages

since

It's a Chinese meal

f) David went home before we arrived

had

When we home g) The arrival time of Helen's flight is 8.00

at

Helen's flight 8.00

h) Hurry up! We'll get to the theatre after the beginning of the play

will

By the time we get to the theatre, the play

begun

i) Oh no! My wallet is missing

lost

Oh no! I wallet j) I've only recently started wearing glasses

wear

I recently

FIRST C E R T I F I C A T E L A N G U A G E P R A C T I C E

2 Put each w o r d in brackets into a suitable verb f o r m

Moving house

I come from a very large family, and recently my parents (1) decided

(decide) that they (2) (spend) long enough living in an overcrowded house in Birmingham 'We (3) (move) to the country', my father (4) (announce) one evening 'I (5) (sell) this house, and we (6) (live) on

a farm.' So last week we (7) (load) all our possessions into two hired vans, and for the last few days we (8) (try) to organize ourselves in our new home Yesterday, for example, my three brothers and I (9) (start) painting the downstairs rooms

Unfortunately while I (10) (mix) the paint, one of my sisters (11) (open) the door Nobody (12) (tell) her that we (13) (be) in the room, you see So instead of

painting the walls, we (14) (spend) all morning cleaning the paint off the floor But worse things (15) (happen) since then This morning when I (16) (wake up), water (17) (drip) through the ceiling next to my bed We (18) (spend) today so far repairing the roof It's not all bad news, though The school in the village nearby (19) (close down) two years ago, and my parents (20) (not find)

another school for us yet *

3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the w o r d given Do not change the w o r d given You must use between t w o and five words, including the w o r d given

a) Jack left the office before I arrived there

already

When I arrived at the office Jack had already left

b) Do you know how to drive this kind of car?

ever Have this kind of car before c) This is my first visit to Scotland

I This is the first time Scotland d) During dinner, the phone rang

I While phone rang

G R A M M A R 5 C O N S O L I D A T I O N 1

e) Do you have any plans for Saturday evening?

doing

What Saturday evening?

f) I started this job five years ago

been

I have five years

g) Is this car yours?

you

Do car? h) Look at those black clouds! There's rain on the way!

to

Look at those black clouds! It's rain

i) Our twenty-fifth wedding anniversary is in June next year

for

By June next year we twenty-five years

j) I haven't been to the cinema for two months

time

The the cinema was two months ago

4 Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb f o r m

At the dentist's

I was on time for my dentist's appointment, but the dentist was still busy with

another patient, so I (1) sat (sit) in the waiting room and

(2) (read) some of the old magazines lying there While I

(3) (wonder) whether to leave and come back another day, I

(4) (notice) a magazine article about teeth It

(5) (begin): 'How long is it since you last

(6) (go) to the dentist? (7) (you go)

regularly every six months? Or (8) (you put off) your visit for

the last six years?' Next to the article was a cartoon of a man in a dentist's chair

The dentist (9) (say): 'I'm afraid this (10)

(hurt).' I (11) (suddenly realise) that my tooth

(12) (stop) aching But just as I (13) (open)

the door to leave, the dentist's door (14) (open) 'Next please,'

he (15) (call), as the previous patient (16)

(push) past me 'Actually I'm not here to see you, I (17) (wait)

for my friend,' I (18) (shout), leaving as rapidly as I could

(19) (you ever do) this kind of thing? Surely I can't be the

only person who (20) (hate) the dentist!

F I R S T C E R T I F I C A T E L A N G U A G E P R A C T I C E

5 Look carefully at each line Some of the lines are correct, and some have a w o r d

which should not be there Tick each correct line If a line has a w o r d which should not be there, write the w o r d in the space

Meeting again

Dear Harry,

Do you remember me?

We have met last year when you were on holiday

in Brighton I'm sorry I haven't been written to you since by then I have been working abroad and

I have only just come back home to England

Next week I am planning is to be in Bristol, and

I was thinking about that we could meet

Do you remember Shirley, the girl we have met

in Brighton? We are getting married next month, and we are want you to come to the wedding

I have lost your phone number, but when

I have get to Bristol I'll try to contact you

It will be great to see you again Are you still studying, or I have you found a job?

You won't recognise me when you will see me!

I had my hair cut last week, and now I look at completely different Shirley doesn't like men with long hair, you see!

Best wishes, Graham Norris

G R A M M A R 5 C O N S O L I D A T I O N 1

6 Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space

The latest news

Dear Linda,

I'm sorry I (1) B to you for so long, but I (2)

very busy lately All last month I (3) exams, and I

(4) anything else but study for ages Anyway, I

(5) studying now, and I (6) for my exam results

As you can see from this letter, I (7) my address and (8) in Croydon now I (9) that I wanted a change from central London because it (10) so expensive A friend of mine (11) me about this flat, and I

(12) here about two months ago When you

(13) to London this summer, please visit me I

(14) here until the middle of August Then I

(15) on holiday to Scotland

Please write soon,

Margaret

1) A don't write B haven't written C am not writing D wasn't writing 2) A was being B had been C am D have been

3) A had B was having C had had D have had

4) A haven't done B don't do C wasn't doing D am not doing 5) A stop B will have stopped C have stopped D was stopping 6) A wait B am waiting C have waited D was waiting 7) A am changing B had changed C will change D have changed 8) A will live B have been living Clive D have lived

9) A decided B have decided C was deciding D decide

10) A will become B becomes C has become D will have become 11) A tells B t o l d C was telling D will tell

12) A have moved B had moved C was moving D moved

14) A am staying B stayed C stay D have stayed 15) A have gone B went C am going D will have gone

Explanations

With tense • Summary of tense changes

changes Tenses move back in time after a past tense reporting verb

'I agree.' Peter said he agreed

I'm leaving.' Jane said she was leaving

But the past perfect remains the same

'No, I hadn't forgotten.' Greg said that he hadn't forgotten

For Modals (can, may, must, should) see Grammar 16

• Main verb changes

In complex sentences, only the first verb is changed

'I was walking home when I saw the accident.'

James said he had been walking home when he saw the accident

• Reference words Some words referring to people, places and time change in indirect speech, because the point of reference changes

'I'll see you here tomorrow, Jack,' said Mary

Mary told Jack she would see him there the next day

'I gave you this yesterday.' John said he had given it to her the day before

Other words of this kind appear in the Practice section

Without tense • Present tense reports

changes If the reporting verb is in the present tense, there is no change

Brenda says she's arriving at about 6.00

• Past tense reports

If the reported words are 'always true', there is no change

Harry told me that he still likes you

If a message is being repeated immediately, there is no change

Mary said she's too busy to come

Questions • Reporting questions

Yes/No questions are reported using if The verb does not have a question

form, but has the form of a normal statement There is no question mark

'Do you like hamburgers?

Charles asked me if I liked hamburgers

Wh- questions are reported with the question word The verb has the form of

a normal statement There is no question mark

'Where are we going?' I asked Sue where we were going

G R A M M A R 6 I N D I R E C T S P E E C H

• Reporting polite questions

We can use a phrase like Could you tell me or Do you know to ask for

information in a polite way Note the word order

'Where is the station?' 'Could you tell me where the station is?'

When we report this kind of question we use ask and the usual tense change

rules

I asked him where the station was

Commands and • Commands are reported with tell and the infinitive

requests 'Go away!' He told me to go away

- Requests are reported with ask and the infinitive

'Please help me.' He asked her to help him

Reporting verbs • Say or tell?

We say something and we tell somebody

I said I could meet you this evening, but I'm really busy

I told you I could meet you this evening, but I'm really busy

We can use to after say, but we never use to between tell and the object

/ said to him that I'd meet him this evening

• Other reporting verbs Exercises 8 and 9 in the Practice section use some other common reporting verbs The meaning and grammar of each verb can be found in a good dictionary and should be learned For example:

She suggested going to the beach (suggest + -ing form)

She offered to give me a lift {offer + infinitive) She reminded me to call my mother (remind + object + infinitive)

Paraphrase It is often impossible or unnecessary to report every word spoken

'Excuse me, do you think you could tell me the time?'

He asked me what the time was

1 Underline the most suitable verb f o r m in each sentence

a) Helen asked me if I liked visiting old buildings

Do you like/Did you like visiting old buildings?' asked Helen

b) Bill asked Mary if she had done anything the previous weekend

'Have you done /Did you do anything last weekend?'

c) The policeman asked me if the car belonged to me

'Does/Did this car belong to you?' asked the policeman

d) Fiona asked me if I had seen her umbrella anywhere

'Did you see/Have you seen my umbrella anywhere?' asked Fiona

e) Joe asked Tina when she would get back

'When will you get/have you got back?' asked Joe

f) Eddie asked Steve who he had been to the cinema with

'Who did you go/had you been to the cinema with?' asked Eddie

g) My parents asked me what time I had got home the night before

'What time did you get/have you got home last night?' my parents asked

h) David asked a passer-by if it was the right road for Hastings

'Is/Was this the right road for Hastings?' asked David

2 Rewrite each sentence as direct speech

a) Graham told Ian he would see him the following day

I'll see you tomorrow, Ian,' said Graham

b) Pauline told the children their swimming things were not there

c) David told me my letter had arrived the day before

d) Shirley told Larry she would see him that evening

e) Bill told Stephen he hadn't been at home that morning

f) Margaret told John to phone her on the following day

g) Tim told Ron he was leaving that afternoon

h) Christine told Michael she had lost her lighter the night before

F I R S T C E R T I F I C A T E L A N G U A G E P R A C T I C E

G R A M M A R 6 I N D I R E C T SPEECH

3 Rewrite each sentence as indirect speech, beginning as shown

a) 'You can't park here.'

The police officer told Jack tkfti h&.fAliXdxC.t.pAT.k,.th&C^

b) 'I'll see you in the morning, Helen.'

Peter told Helen

c) 'I'm taking the 5.30 train tomorrow evening.'

Janet said

d) 'The trousers have to be ready this afternoon.'

Paul told the dry-cleaners

e) 'I left my umbrella here two days ago.'

Susan told them

f) 'The parcel ought to be here by the end of next week.'

Brian said

g) 'I like this hotel very much.'

Diana told me

h) 'I think it's going to rain tonight.'

William said

4 Rewrite each question in indirect speech, beginning as shown

a) 'What time does the film start, Peter?'

I asked Peter what time the film started

b) 'Do you watch television every evening, Chris?'

The interviewer asked

c) 'Why did you apply for this job?' asked the sales manager

The sales manager asked me

d) 'Are you taking much money with you to France?'

My bank manager wanted to know

e) 'When will I know the results of the examination?'

Maria asked the examiner

f) 'Are you enjoying your flight?'

The flight attendant asked me

g) 'How does the photocopier work?'

I asked the salesman

h) 'Have you ever been to Japan, Paul?'

Sue asked Paul