Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer Jean spent her first few years in Hooper and her family moved to Otsego early in her lifeC. Read the passage carefully and choos
Trang 1TENSES:
1 When I got home I found that water down the kitchen walls
2 After he his English course, he went to England to continue his study
3 How since we college?
A are you- left B were you- left C have you been- have left D have you been- left
4 I much of you lately We three months ago
5 The Chinese spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo back to Italy
brought
brought
6 When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker speaking and the audience
clapped
C had just finished- were clapping D just finished- had clapped
7 He his job last month and then he out of work
8 In the last hundred years, travelling much easier and more comfortable
D will became
9 In the 19th century, it two or three months to across North America by covered wagon
10 In the past, the trip very rough and often dangerous, but things a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years
11 She Hanoi last year
D is going
12 Now you from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours
can fly
13 When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television
14 By the time next summer, you your studies
15 Right now, Jim the newspaper and Kathy dinner
16 Last night at this time, they the same thing She and he the newspaper
A are doing- is cooking- is reading B were doing- was cooking- was reading
C was doing- has cooked- is reading D had done- was cooking- read
17 Sam to change a light bulb when he and
A was trying-slipped- fell B tried- was slipping- falling
C had been trying- slipped- aws falling D has tried- slips- falls
18 Every day I up at 6 o’clock, breakfast at seven o’clock and for work at 8 o’clock
eating- leaving
eaten- left
Trang 219 I for this company for more then thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I next year
20 My mother is the first up and the last to bed
A getting- going B to get- going C getting- to go D to get- to go
21 I must have a bath I all the afternoon
22 The team a single match so far this season
23.By the time you receive this letter, I for the USA
A have left B will leave
C will have left D am leaving
24 Up to now, the manager ……… a lot of information about his secretary
D.learns
25.Where is Mary ? _ She ………her homework in her room
is learning
26 While I ……….along the road , I saw a friend of mine
am cycling
27 By the time I this report, I will give you a ring
D will have typed
28 While my mother a film on TV, my father was cooking dinner It was March 8th yesterday
A watched B was watching C had watched D watches
29 The plane from Dallas two hours late, so I missed my connecting flight from Frankfurt to
London
A took on B took in C took over D took off
30 When we came , a party _ in the hall
held
31 He ………… in the same house since 1975
had lived
32 When I came to visit her last night, she a bath
had
33.When we arrived at the restaurant, the others
D are leaving
34 By the end of 2010 we _ in Ho Chi Minh City for 30 years
A work B will work C have worked D will have worked
35 I learned that the college in 1900
founded
36 If I 10 years younger, I _ the job
A am/ will take B were/ would take C would be/ took D had been / would take
37 By the time he _ to the meeting, it had begun for 15 minutes
was going
38 He began to feel ill while _
A.he is doing the exam B.he did the exam C he would do the exam D.he was doing the exam
39 Since 1980, scientists the world over _ a lot of things to fight against AIDS
Trang 3A have done B are doing C did D.had done
40 Now my sister _ a bicycle of her own
had
41 Last week, my professor promised that he _ today
coming
42 My girl friend arrived after I _ for her about half an hour
A was waiting B had been waiting C have been waiting D have waited
43 I _ in Quang Ngai before I moved to Binh Thuan
been living
44 There are many ways _ to Rome
led
45 While I ……… T.V last night, a mouse ran across the floor
A watch B watched C am watching D.was watching
46 I still can’t believe it! My bicycle ……… last night
A.was stolen B.had been stolen C.stole D.was being stolen
47 While they were …tables, he was the radio
A arranging - listening to B arranging -hearing
C laying -listening to D making- hearing
48 I suddenly remembered that I to bring my keys
A having forgotten B have forgotten C had forgotten D forgot
49 By the year 2010 many people currently employed their jobs
A will have lost B will be losing C
50 By September next year I here for ten years
A will be working B work
C will have been working D have been working
WORD FORM
1 How many ………… took part in the 22nd SEA Games?
A competitors B competitive C competes D competitions
2 Boys often enjoy doing things in a way.
A create B creative C creativity D creatively
3 The problem of among young people is hard to solve.
Trang 4A employment B employees C employers D unemployment
4 Some people are concerned with physical when choosing a wife or husband
A attractive B attraction C attractiveness D attractively
5 He can’t hear because of his ………
deafened
6 These countries are ……… in exporting shrimps.
D preferentially
7 The children ………… high grade at school.
A achieve B achievement C achievable D achieving
8 His pronunciation causes me a lot of
A difficulties B difficult C difficulty D difficultly
9 She was the first in her family to enjoy the privilege of a university .
A educated B educational C educating D education
10 Buckingham Palace is a major tourist in London.
D attractiveness
11 Is pointing at someone rude in your country?
D considering
12 Some species of rare animals are in of extinction
A danger B dangerous C dangerously D endanger
13 Electronic music is a kind of music in which sounds are produced
D electronically
14 He has been very interested in doing research on _ since he was at high school
A biology B biological C biologist D biologically
15 Are you sure that boys are more _ than girls?
A act B active C action D activity
16 These quick and easy _ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost
A solve B solvable C solutions D solvability
17 Can you tell me about the process to tertiary study in Vietnam?
D applicant
18 Housework is shared between them
D equalizing
19 Mrs Tam has never lost her _ for teaching
A enthusiastic B enthusiasm C enthusiast D enthusiastically
20 Don't forget to say goodbye to the before leaving the office
A interviewer B interviewing C interviewee D interview
21 Working as an astronaut require high knowledge
A technique B technical C technically D technician
22 My grandmother is very _ in history
A interest B interests C interested D interesting
23 Vietnamese athletes performed _ and won a lot of gold medals
A excellen B excellentl C excellence D excel
24 WHO’s main activities are carrying out research on medical _ and improving international health care
A develop B developin C development D develops
25 Scientific progress supplies us with
A conveniences B convenient C inconvenience D.inconveniences
26 The panda’s habitat is the bamboo forest
D natured
27 The Games really became a festival that impressed sports
Trang 5A enthusiasts B enthusiasm C enthuse D enthusiastic
28 Did you remember anything .at the party?
A interested B interesting C interests D to interest
29 In rainy seasons, roads in the village are always
D muddy
30 Linda likes wearing clothes
D colourless
31 Her own mistakes made her very of the faults of others
D tolerated
32 All the teachers work on an entirely basis
A volunteer B volunteered C voluntary D voluntarily
33 Books are still a cheap way to get information and
A entertainment B entertain C entertaining D entertainer
34 To Americans, it is impolite to ask someone about age, and salary
D marrying
35 Life here is very _
A peacefull B peaceful C peace D peacefulness
36 Women usually don’t shake hands when being _
A introducing B introduction C introduced D introducer
37 He was so _ that he had an accident
A caring B careless C careful D carefully
38 Farmers can enrich the soil by using
A fertile B fertility C fertilize D fertilizers
39 Nowadays, chemicals are into some fruits to reduce decay
A injection B injecting C inject D injected
40 What’s your _ ? – I’m Vietnamese
A nation B national C nationality D international
41 In this course, students receive _ in the basic English grammar
A instruct B instructional C instruction D instructive
42 I _ him for his honesty
A respective B respectful C respectable D respect
43 All of the students appreciate the of English learning
A import B important C importantly D importance
44 We can enjoy live programmes through _ satellites
A communicate B communication C communicative D communicable
45 All of my students appriciate the of english learning
A import B important C importantly D importance
46 She is in asking for bigger salary She worked hard
A reason B reasonable C unreasonable D unreasonably
47 Are you of the danger thet you are facing?
A sense B sensible C senseless D.sensation
48 This book is interesting It’s also well-
A illustrating B illustrated C illustration D.illustrate
49 My brother is studying engineering
A electronic B electric C electrical D elactrified
50 Communist is the highest form of
A social B socialist C society D socialism
PASSIVE
1 We can’t go along here because the road
Trang 6A is repairing B is repaired C is being
2 The story I’ve just read Agatha Christie
D wrote by
3 I’m going to go out and
cut
hair be cut
4 Something funny in class yesterday
D is happened
5 Many US automobiles in Detroit, Michigan
manufacturing
6 A lot of pesticise residue can unwashed produce
7 We by a loud noise during the night
D were waking up
8 Some film stars difficult to work with
D said to be
9 Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy at
D being laughed
10 Today, many serious childhood diseaases by early immunization
D can be prevented
11 Do you get your heating every year?
D checked
12 Bicycles in the driveway
not be leaving
not have left
13 Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony next weekend
perform
14 All bottles before transportation
17 The telephones by Alexander Graham Bell
Trang 7A is invented B is inventing C invented
D was invented
18 Lots of houses by the earthquake
19 Gold in Clifornia in the 19th century
been discovered
discover
20 The preparation by the time the guest
were arrived
21 The boy _ by the teacher yesterday
A punish B punished
C punishing D was punished
22.“Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ,sir They’re on your desk.”
A typed B been being typed
C being typed D been typed
23 Sarah is wearing a blouse It ……… of cotton
A.be made B.are made C.is made D.made
24 They had a boy _ that yesterday
A done B to do C did D do
25 We got our mail yesterday
A been delivered B delivered
C delivering D to deliver
26.James…… the news as soon as possible
A should tell B should be told C.should told D should be telle
27 My wedding ring yellow and white gold
A is made B is making C made D make
28 Mr Wilson is _ as Willie to his friend
A known B knew C is known D know
29 References _ in the examination room
A not are used B is not used C didn’t used D are not used
30 Laura in Boston
A are born B were born C was born D born
31 His car needs
A be fixed B fixing C to be fixing D fixed
32 Her watch needs _
A repairing B to be repaired C repaired D A and B
33 My mother is going _ this house
A sold B sell C to be sold D to sell
34 There’s somebody behind us I think we are _
A being followed B are followed
C follow D following
35 Have you _ by a dog?
A bite B bit C ever been bitten D ever been bit
36 The room is being _ at the moment
A was cleaned B cleaned C cleaning D clean
37 It _ that the strike will end soon
A is expected B expected C are expected D was expected
38 It is _ that many people are homeless after the floods
A was reported B reports C reported D reporting
39 He was said _ this building
A designing B to have designed C to designs D designed
40 Ted by a bee while he was sitting in the garden
Trang 8A got sting B got stung C get stung D gets stung
41 These tennis courts don’t _ very often Not many people want to play
A got used B used C get used D get use
42 I’ll get Minh _ do this for you
A do B done C did D to do
44 “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it _ especially for me by a French tailor.”
A is made B has made C made D was made
45 Somebody cleans the room everyday
A The room everyday is cleaned B The room is every day cleaned
C The room is cleaned everyday D The room is cleaned by somebody everyday
46 People don’t use this road very often
A This road is not used very often B Not very often this road is not used
C This road very often is not used D This road not very often is used
47 How do people learn languages?
A How are languages learned? B How are languages learned by people?
C How languages are learned? D Languages are learned how ?
48 Over 1500 new houses _ each year Last year, 1720 new houses _
A were built/ were built B are built/ were built
C are building / were built D were built/ were being built
49 Tom bought that book yesterday
A That book was bought by Tom yesterday B That book was bought yesterday by Tom
C That book yesterday was bought by Tom D That book was bought yesterday
50.The new computer system _ next month
A is be installed B is being installed
C is been installed D is being installed by people
READING:
I Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer
Jean spent her first few years in Hooper and her family moved to Otsego early in her life She was only ten whenher father died unexpectedly, leaving her mother to raise and support their family alone Her mother soon went towork outside the home to provide for the family, and Jean, being one of the oldest, had to help care for heryounger siblings Although she had much responsibility at home, Jean thoroughly enjoyed school and was anexcellent student She went on to graduate 10th in her class at Otsego High School in 1953
While still in high school, Jean met a young man named Charles "Chuck" Holly, at a dance in Alamo; and theywere quite taken with each other Over the next few years, their love for each other blossomed and they weremarried on February 24, 1953, while Jean was still in school At the time, Chuck was serving his country in themilitary, and had come home on leave to marry his sweetheart Unfortunately, shortly thereafter, he was sentoverseas to serve in Korea for the next fifteen months
Upon his discharge, the couple settled into married life together in the Plainwell, Otsego area To help make endsmeet, Jean went to work at the collection bureau in Kalamazoo for a while, before taking a job at the cheesecompany in Otsego In 1964, Chuck and Jean were overjoyed with the birth of their son, Chuck, who broughtgreat joy into their lives Jean remembered how her mother was always gone so much working after her fatherdied and she did not want that for her son, so she left her job to devote herself to the role of a mother
1 Before Jean's father passed away, her mother used to _
2 Which is not referred to Jean?
a She was a responsible girl
b She never helped her mother with household chores.
c She often did well at school '
d She went to high school
3 Jean's husband was a _
d servant
Trang 94 Jean _.
a served in the military b lived in Korea for fifteen months
she was a student
5 Which is not true about Jean?
a She disliked staying at home and taking care of her child.
b She worked outside the home before she had a child
c She was very happy when she got a baby
d She quit her job to look after her baby
II Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Every family has its quirks Mine is no different I was born in an Italian- American family in 1973 We follow theclassic stereotype My father works and my mother stays home with the kids There are certain things that weremember from our childhood: phrases, jokes, movies But one piece of advice that sticks with me from an earlyage comes from my mother
"Don't finish your food or you will never get married." It was an illogical jump from the idea that a "lady" is not aglutton and therefore will not finish the food on her plate or take the last cookie off of the platter A "lady"especially a young lady must never appear hungry If she did, she would not be an ideal candidate for a wife
To this day, I do not finish what is on my plate and I will never eat the last of anything
It is not a conscience thing When 1 think about it, 1 make a point to finish the food on my plate, there is still someteenage rebellion against mom in this thirty-four year-old body, but the thought of not finishing is so ingrainedthat I rarely think about it
When my husband and I are at dinner, he will gesture to something on the table and say, "Finish your food" and 1will respond, "I can't, I'll never get married." That always makes him laugh and say, "So what have these last sixyears been?" But for me it is something special that I will carry around with me - something that is my family Mybrother remembers the phrase and he admits that in his dating days he did watch to see if any of the girls wouldtake the last piece of pie or pizza I think he fell in love with his fiancé because she would eat whatever she wanted
to and do not worry about anyone judging her for it As I embark on starting my own family, I wonder what I willtell my daughter Will I encourage her to finish every last piece? Or will I continue to the legacy of my mother andtell her not eat the last piece lest she not get married? Will she one day laugh to her girlfriends about her motherleaving one granola bar, one piece of cheese, or one rice cake alone in their bags?
1 The writer's mother never let her eat the last piece of food on her plate
III Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
On December 10, 2006, I was going through some hard time The landlady did not want to release the house anymore so I had to (1) _ and only had one month to find a place Because Christmas was coming and it wasdifficult for me to (2) _ a suitable accommodation I had only some money (3) _ I could not buy aChristmas tree and some presents for my three boys, (4) _ I had to use the money to find a place to live.Tome, it broke my heart as I could not prepare the Christmas for my three boys I have been their only parent since
my husband (5) _ away two years ago I was so sad and everything was getting on my nerves Although Imanaged to solve the problem myself I could not help (6) _ my sons about the things When I suddenly woke
up at midnight, I found my eldest son was sitting (7) _me He kissed me and said, "Don't worry, Mum Welove you very much and always stand by you (8) happens." At the moment I started weeping, grabbed himand kissed him His words and love made me (9) _ all about what I was stressing about
Trang 10In fact ever since that moment, I have realized that I can overcome any problems thanks to my sons' love The
most important thing of my life is that my boys are safe and healthy, and they bring me joy all the time The memory (10) _ me that nothing really matters, when I have the love of my children.
IV Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer
I was born to dance I've been dancing all my life, ever since my mother, who gave up a dancing career on thestage when she married my father, picked me up and twirled me around as an infant As much as I loved dancingwith her, her greatest gift to me was her "unconditional love" during her lifetime
My parents divorced after only 5 years of marriage, but my father remarried a lovely lady who also loved to dance.They used to take me to a dancing club where I would listen to the music and watch them dance-occasionally mystepmother, Mary, invited me to dance I also met my wife, Charlotte, in a dancing party I danced with her forabout 15 minutes, and during that brief span, I realized that I fell in love with her We kept dancing throughout ourmarriage My earliest memories of dancing with my daughters started when I came home from work to our smallhome in Marblehead, Massachusetts, and my daughter Laura was about 3 years old It was very relaxing for me toturn on the record player, pick up Laura in my arms, and dance her around the room!
Our family danced a lot My daughters, Laura and Anne, and I continued to dance on every occasion One favoritememory I have of dancing with Laura and Anne was when I took each of them when they were seniors in highschool to the Daddy-Daughter dance We won both dance competitions!
As their father, I have tried to provide my daughters with unconditional love, as my Mother provided to me,endless emotional and loving support, and good educations and life experiences which have helped prepare themfor happy and successful adult lives Being a father who is worthy of their love and respect, I consider fatherhood
a privilege, not an entitlement
In 1994, my oldest daughter Laura gave me a lovely book, which I still have, entitled "Fathers and Daughters." MyFather's Day suggestion to every father is to dance with your daughters at every opportunity It will not only bringyou closer, it will give them memories of you “to hang onto" long after we are gone
1 Of the characters mentioned in the passage, who did not like dancing?
2 The writer _
a could not dance well
b had a devoted mother
c had not met his father since his parents divorced
d did not like to dance with his step mother
3 Which sentence is not true?
a He used to go to a dancing club with his father and step mother
b The writer had two daughters
c The writer enjoyed dancing with his daughters
d The writer never danced with his step mother
4 Which is not referred to what the writer provides his daughters with?
Trang 11a the arts of dancing c endless emotional and loving support
5 The writer _ fatherhood
V Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
When people plan to marry, they expect to find in their partner not only a lover but a friend also They find aperson with whom they can share their opinions, their emotions, thoughts and fears In marriage we are lookingfor a partner who will be able to understand our values, our likes and dislikes
If a man and a woman are born and raised in the same country, most likely they are familiar with the same songs,movies, jokes, books and life in general They basically have the same roots In the case of a western man andforeign woman family everything is more complicated and requires much more patience and understanding fromboth spouses On one hand each of the partners has an opportunity to learn a great deal about the other's country,culture, traditions and life styles which can be very interesting On the other hand it can be very disappointing ifthere is the inability to understand your partner's excitements and frustrations For example, you are watching thetelevision and suddenly you see a famous actor or singer, or other type of an artist whose name you have grown upwith Maybe this artist was an idol for your parents and the music of this artist was often played in your housewhen you were a child Unfortunately you realize that your wife is unable to understand your feelings because shehas no idea who this artist is Her eyes are absolutely empty because she has never even heard the song before.You feel rather disappointed! Remember that your wife has the same situation with you You do not know hercountry's songs, her country's famous actors, her books She has her own memories and in actuality, for her,everything is much more difficult than it is for you At least, you live in your own country where everybody canunderstand you She lives in completely strange surroundings, where she has nobody to share her feelings with,except you
Do some research and learn about your wife's country, culture and lifestyles Talk with her, ask her questions, get
to know what songs she likes, what movies and books are of interest to her The Internet will give you a greatopportunity to find anything! Tell her about your country's culture, let her listen to the music that you like, rent amovie for her that left you with great impression Let her understand you better through the things that you like.Patience and time will help you to fight cultural differences
1 A spouse should
a let the partner to do everything alone
b be not only a lover but also a friend
c not share the feelings with the partner
d not interfere with what the partner's likes and dislikes
2 According to the passage,
a Spouses who have the same nationality need more patience and understanding in their marriage than those who are from different cultures
b Spouses who are from different cultures need more patience and understanding in their marriage than those who have the same roots.
c Spouses who have the same roots go not share anything together
d Spouses who are from different cultures can never share anything together
3 If there is the inability to understand a spouse's excitements and frustrations the marriage, he or she may feel
5 To overcome cultural differences in marriage needs
VII Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
Most Americans eat three meals (1) the day: breakfast, lunch, and dinner Breakfast begins between 7:00 and 8:00am, lunch between 11:00 am and noon, and dinner between 6:00 and 8:00 pm On Sundays "brunch" is a (2) of breakfast and lunch, typically beginning at 11:00 am Students often enjoy a "study break" or evening snack around 10:00 or 11:00 pm Breakfast and lunch tend to be light meals, with only one (3) Dinner is the main meal
Trang 12(4) breakfast Americans will eat cereal with milk which are often mixed (5) in a bowl, a glass of orange juice, and toasted bread or muffin with jam, butter, or margarine Another common breakfast meal is scrambled eggs or (6) omelet with potatoes and breakfast meat (bacon or sausage) People who are on (7) eat just a cup of yogurt Lunch and dinner are more (8) When eating at a formal dinner, you may
be overwhelmed by the number of utensils How do you (9) the difference between a salad fork, a butter fork, and a dessert fork? Most Americans do not know the answer (10) But knowing which fork or spoon
to use first is simple: use the outermost utensils first and the utensils closest to the plate last
VIII Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
In the past, both men and women were expected to be married at quite young ages Marriages were generallyarranged by parents and family, with their children having little chance to say no in the matter In the past it wasnot surprising to find that a bride and groom had only just met on the day of their engagement or marriage
In modern Vietnam, this has changed completely as people choose their own marriage-partners based on love, and
in consideration primarily to their own needs and wants Moreover early marriage is quite illegal
The traditional Vietnamese wedding is one of the most important of traditional Vietnamese occasions Regardless
of westernization, many of the age-old customs practiced in a traditional Vietnamese wedding continue to becelebrated by both Vietnamese in Vietnam and overseas, often combining both western and eastern elements.Besides the wedding ceremony, there is also an engagement ceremony which takes place usually half a year or sobefore the wedding Due to the spiritual nature of the occasion, the date and time of the marriage ceremony aredecided in advance by a fortune teller The traditional Vietnamese wedding consists of an extensive array ofceremonies: the first is the ceremony to ask permission to receive the bride, the second is the procession to receivethe bride (along with the ancestor ceremony at her house), the third is to bring the bride to the groom's house foranother ancestor ceremony and to welcome her into the family, then the last is a wedding banquet The number ofguests in attendance at these banquets is huge, usually in the hundreds Several special dishes are served Guestsare expected to bring gifts, often money, which the groom and bride at one point in the banquet will go from table
to table collecting
1 In the past, _
a Vietnamese couples were free to make a decision on the marriage
b Vietnamese marriage was decided by parents and family
c getting married at an early age was not allowed
d parents had no right to interfere their children's marriage
2 In former days, the fact that a bride and groom had only first met just on the day of their engagement or
marriage was _
d strange
3 Which sentence is referred Vietnamese modern marriage?
a Most young people do not have their marriage based on love
b All marriages are arranged by parents and family
Trang 13c Marriage is quite westernization.
d Couples do not get married at quite young ages.
4 According to the passage,
a Oversea Vietnamese people do not like to organize a traditional wedding
b There is an engagement ceremony which takes place usually half a year or so before the wedding
c Many of the age-old customs practiced in a traditional Vietnamese wedding do not exist nowadays
d Vietnamese people never ask a fortune teller the date and time of the marriage ceremony
5 Which does not exist in a Vietnamese wedding party?
d gifts
IX Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
In Korea, in former days the marriage between a man and woman represented the joining of two families, rather
(1) the joining of two individuals The event (2) Taerye (Great Ritual), and people from all over
the village or neighborhood participated The ceremonies and events surrounding the actual marriage were long and (3) Professional matchmakers paired up likely candidates for marriage, with the new couple often meeting for the first time at their wedding! The families considered many factors in the decision, consulting with fortune tellers for (4) about the couple's future life together During the Chosun period, people married (5) their early teens, with the girl often being several years older than the boy
The groom usually traveled to the house of the bride for the ceremony, then stayed there for three days (6) taking his new bride to his family's home The actual ceremony involved many small rituals, with many bows and symbolic gestures The (7) were expected to control their emotions and remain somber
(8) Koreans have kept several aspects of the traditional ceremony, most modern ceremonies resemble Western marriage ceremonies more than (9) Korean ones However, many folk villages and museums across the country regularly perform ceremonies to (10) the traditions alive
called d has often called
X Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Communication in general is process of sending and receiving messages that enables humans to share knowledge,attitudes, and skills Although we usually identify communication with speech, communication is composed oftwo dimensions - verbal and nonverbal
Nonverbal communication has been defined as communication without words It includes apparent behaviors such
as facial expressions, eyes, touching, tone of voice, as well as less obvious messages such as dress, posture andspatial distance between two or more people
Activity or inactivity, words or silence all have message value: they influence others and these others, in turn,respond to these communications and thus they are communicating
Commonly, nonverbal communication is learned shortly after birth and practiced and refined throughout aperson's lifetime Children first learn nonverbal expressions by watching and imitating, much as they learn verbalskills